Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA
technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter.
[Tables or other self--supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should
read: Extracted from AGMA 915--1--A02, Inspection Practices -- Part 1: Cylindrical Gears
-- Tangential Measurements, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear
Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.]
Approved April 16, 2002
ABSTRACT
This information sheet provides a code of practice dealing with inspection relevant to tangential element and
composite deviations of cylindrical involute gears (measurements referred to single flank contact) and serves
as a supplement to ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for
Cylindrical Gears.
Published by
ii
AGMA 915--1--A02
Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3
Symbols and corresponding terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4
Extent of gear inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5
Identification of deviation position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6
Measurement of pitch deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7
Measurement of profile deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8
Measurement of helix deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9
Measurement of single flank composite deviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
10 Contact pattern checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
AGMA 915--1--A02
36
30
31
32
33
33
34
34
35
36
36
37
38
38
39
39
Tables
1
iv
AGMA 915--1--A02
Foreword
This Information Sheet, AGMA 915--1--A02, Inspection Practices -- Part 1: Cylindrical
Gears -- Tangential Measurements is provided for informational purposes and is intended
for use with the Standard ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears.
AGMA 915--1--A02 replaces AGMA ISO 10064--1, Cylindrical Gears -- Code of Inspection
Practice -- Part 1: Inspection of Corresponding Flanks of Gear Teeth. and the information on
similar subjects as covered in ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88, Gear Classification and Inspection
Handbook -- Tolerances and Measuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears.
The user of this Information Sheet is alerted that differences exist between it and
ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 and AGMA ISO 10064--1. These include, but are not limited to:
-- Measuring methods refer to an accuracy grade numbering system that is reversed,
such that the smallest number represents the smallest tolerance;
-- Probe direction and measurement requirements for elemental and composite
tolerances may differ from ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 or AGMA ISO 10064--1;
-- The measurement profile evaluation range and helix evaluation range, where
the tolerances are applied, are defined for different area than in ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88
or AGMA ISO 10064--1;
--
AGMA 915--1--A02
ACTIVE MEMBERS
W.A. Bradley . . . .
D.R. Choiniere . .
J. Clatworthy . . . .
B.L. Cox . . . . . . .
T.C. Glasener . . .
G.G. Grana . . . . .
B. Hofrichter . . . .
T. Klaves . . . . . . .
I. Laskin . . . . . . . .
Consultant
Profile Engineering, Inc.
Gear Metrology, Inc.
BWXT Y12 LLC
Xtek, Incorporated
The Gleason Works
Arrow Gear Company
Milwaukee Gear
Consultant
S. Lindley . . . . . .
M. May . . . . . . . . .
D.A. McCarroll . .
D.R. McVittie . . . .
S. Moore . . . . . . .
R.W. Ott . . . . . . . .
J.M. Rinaldo . . . .
L.J. Smith . . . . . .
R.E. Smith . . . . . .
W.E. Lake . . . . . .
A.J. Lemanski . . .
G.A. Luetkemeier
D. Matzo . . . . . . .
P.A. McNamara .
W.J. Michaels . . .
M. Milam . . . . . . .
T. Miller . . . . . . . .
M. Nanlawala . . .
M. Octrue . . . . . .
T. Okamoto . . . . .
J.A. Pennell . . . . .
K.R. Price . . . . . .
R.S. Ramberg . . .
V.Z. Rychlinski . .
D.H. Senkfor . . . .
S. Shariff . . . . . . .
E. Storm . . . . . . .
R.F. Wasilewski .
F.M. Young . . . . .
P. Zwart . . . . . . . .
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
M. Antosiewicz . .
M.J. Barron . . . . .
D. Behling . . . . . .
M.K. Considine . .
R. Considine . . . .
J.S. Cowan . . . . .
M.E. Cowan . . . .
B. Cowley . . . . . .
C. Dick . . . . . . . . .
H.D. Dodd . . . . . .
R. Green . . . . . . .
D. Gregory . . . . .
B. Gudates . . . . .
J.S. Hamilton . . .
H. Harary . . . . . . .
D. Heinrich . . . . .
G. Henriot . . . . . .
J. Horwell . . . . . .
S. Johnson . . . . .
T. Klemm . . . . . . .
D.E. Kosal . . . . . .
J. Koshiol . . . . . .
vi
AGMA 915--1--A02
1 Scope
This information sheet constitutes a code of practice
dealing with tangential measurements on flanks of
individual cylindrical involute gears., i.e., with the
measurement of pitch, profile, helix and tangential
composite characteristics.
In providing advice on gear measuring methods and
the analysis of measurement results, it supplements
the standard ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, Accuracy
Classification System -- Tangential Measurements
for Cylindrical Gears.
2 References
The following standards contain provisions which
are referenced in the text of this information sheet.
Definition1)
Facewidth
Design pitch diameter
Design base diameter
Reference diameter
Effective base diameter
Tolerance diameter
Total helix deviation
Units
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Where
first used
Figure 24
Eq 4
Eq 3
Eq 24
6.5.3
6.2
Figure 22
(continued)
AGMA 915--1--A02
Table 1 (continued)
Symbols
Fis
Fp
Fps/8
Fr
F
fdbm
fe
ff
ff
fH
fHm
fH
fHm
fHmt
fid
fis
fLm
fpbm
fpbn
fpt
fw
f1, f2
f
fmn
fmt
f
fm
g
k
L
L
Leff
L
Lc
L
L
l
mn
N
n
pb
pbn
pm
Definition1)
Total single flank composite deviation
Total cumulative pitch deviation
Sector pitch deviation2)
Radial runout
Total profile deviation
Mean base diameter difference2)
Eccentricity between gear axis and axis of gear teeth
Profile form deviation
Helix form deviation
Profile slope deviation2)
Mean profile slope deviation2)
Helix slope deviation2)
Mean helix slope deviation2)
Mean helix slope deviation, in the transverse plane and tangent to the
tolerance diameter2)
Tooth--to--tooth double flank composite deviation
Tooth--to--tooth single flank composite deviation
Mean lead difference2)
Mean normal base pitch deviation2)
Normal base pitch deviation2)
Single pitch deviation2)
Undulation height (along helix)
Reading head frequency
Pressure angle deviation2)
Mean normal pressure angle deviation2)
Mean transverse pressure angle deviation2)
Helix angle deviation2)
Mean helix angle deviation2)
Length of path of contact
Number of pitches in a sector
Left flank
Lead of the design helix
Effective lead
Profile evaluation range
Functional profile length
Helix evaluation range
Base tangent length to start of active profile
Left hand helix
Normal module
Pitch number
Number of deviation values included in the mean
Base pitch
Theoretical normal base pitch
True position pitch2)
Units
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
pulses/sec
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
mm
-- --- -mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
-- -mm
-- --- -mm
mm
mm
Where
first used
9.1
6.1
6.2
9.3.6
Figure 17
6.5.3
Figure 18
Figure 17
Figure 24
Figure 17
7.6
Figure 24
8.6
Eq 18
9.3.6
9.1
8.7
6.5.3
6.5
6.1
Figure 24
Figure 32
7.5
6.5.3
6.5.3
8.5
8.7
Figure 36
5.6
5.2
Eq 17
8.7
Figure 17
Eq 9
Figure 24
Figure 17
5.3
Eq 1
5.5
Eq 8
Figure 36
6.5
6.3.2
(continued)
AGMA 915--1--A02
Table 1 (concluded)
Symbols
R
r
s
z
zM
z1
z2
Tt
n
n eff
t
t eff
b
eff
T eff
I
II
Definition1)
Right flank
Right hand helix
Undulation measurement bar length
Number of teeth
Number of teeth in master indexing worm wheel
Driving gear
Driven gear
Transverse pressure angle at the tolerance diameter
Normal pressure angle
Effective normal pressure angle
Design transverse pressure angle
Effective transverse pressure angle
Helix angle
Design base helix angle
Effective helix angle at the standard pitch diameter
Effective helix angle at the tolerance diameter
Total contact ratio
Undulation wave length
Axial wavelength of undulation
Involute roll angle
Reference face
Non--reference face
Units
-- --- -mm
-- --- --- --- -degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
degrees
-- -mm
mm
degrees
-- --- --
Where
first used
5.2
5.3
Figure 30
Eq 2
Eq 24
Figure 32
Figure 32
6.5.2
Eq 1
6.5.3
Eq 6
6.5.3
Eq 5
Eq 2
8.7
8.7
9.3.5
Eq 24
Figure 24
Figure 17
5.2
5.2
NOTE:
1) Symbols used for deviations of individual element measurements from specified values are composed of lower case
letters f with subscripts (exceptions include fe, f1 and f2) whereas symbols used for cumulative or total deviations,
which represent combinations of several individual element deviations,are composed of capital letters F also with subscripts. It is necessary to qualify some deviations with an algebraic sign. A deviation is positive when e.g., a dimension
is larger than optimum and negative when smaller than optimum.
2) These deviations can be + (plus) or -- (minus).
AGMA 915--1--A02
AGMA 915--1--A02
--
30R
2L
tip
left
flank
right
flank
30
29
2
30 R = pitch No. 30, right flank
2 L = pitch No. 2, left flank
Figure 1 -- Notation and numbering for external gear
30R
1L
tip
left flank
right
flank
2
29
1
30
AGMA 915--1--A02
Index mechanism
Tolerance
diameter, dT
4
3
-- Index
deviation
2
1
+ Index
deviation
Index readings
Index deviation
AGMA 915--1--A02
--fpt
+fpt
-1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tooth number
Figure 4 -- Single pitch deviation, single probe
device
If a graphical recorder is used, data gathered by the
single probe measurement device will appear in the
form shown in figure 4. Single pitch deviation values,
fpt, are shown as the differences between adjacent
index values.
6.3.1.3 Calculation of total cumulative pitch
deviation, Fp
The total cumulative pitch deviation, Fp, is equal to
the difference between the most positive and the
most negative index value for the complete gear.
6.3.1.4 Calculation of sector pitch deviation,
Fps/8
Calculation of the sector pitch deviation, Fps/8, is
presented in Annex E of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01.
6.3.2 Comparator pitch measurement method
The pitch comparator (two probe) device may be
mechanized or hand--held. Measurements made by
the mechanized version are preferred. In either
case, both probes should be oriented to contact
adjacent tooth flanks at the tolerance diameter.
One probe serves to establish a reference position
upon a tooth flank. The second probe is fitted with
either a mechanical or an electronic indicator to
measure variations of its position from the first probe.
The device is adjusted to indicate zero while the
probes are contacting the randomly selected initial
pair of teeth (see figure 5).
AGMA 915--1--A02
spring
loaded
Tolerance
diameter,
dT
AGMA 915--1--A02
+
+fpt
0
pm
pm
--fpt
-1--2 2--3 3--4 4--5 5--6 6--7 7--8 8--9 9--10 10--11
AGMA 915--1--A02
18:1
1:2
2:3
3:4
4:5
5:6
6:7
7:8
8:9
9:10
10:11
11:12
12:13
13:14
14:15
15:16
16:17
17:18
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
--1
--1
--3
--5
--4
--4
--5
--6
--4
--3
--3
--1
--2
2
--1
--3
--2
--2
--3
--4
--2
--1
--1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
--3
--7
--9
--10
--11
--10
--7
--4
--2
Figure 8 -- Sample table with hypothetical deviation values obtained by pitch comparator
(two probe) device
(In practice, integer values are seldom encountered. Maximum value of fpt and minimum and maximum
values for index deviations are shaded.)
1--probe readings,
0
right flanks
Index deviations
0
Single pitch deviations 2
fpt (calculated)
--3
--7
--9
--10
--11
--10
--7
--4
--2
3
3
4
1
7
3
8
1
7
4 2 0
--3
--1 --3 --2 --2 --3
--7
--4
--9
--2
--10
--1
--11
--1
--10
1
--7
3
--4
3
--2
2
0.001 mm
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
--2
--4
--6
--8
--10
--12
8
9 10
Pitch number
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
17
18
0.001 mm
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
--2
--4
--6
--8
--10
--12
10
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Flank number
Figure 11 -- Sample graphic representation of index deviations
16
AGMA 915--1--A02
pbn
Base circle
Figure 12 -- Base pitch measurement, two
probe device
The theoretical normal base pitch can be calculated
as follows:
p bn = m n cos n
(1)
where
pbn is the theoretical normal base pitch, mm;
mn
Before commencing to calculate single pitch deviations, the direction in which normal base pitch deviation values are reported must be converted from
normal to the tooth surface to along the arc of the
tolerance diameter, dT, circle within the transverse
plane, as required by ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01.
The first step is to convert the normal base pitch
values to the transverse plane, which requires dividing each by the cosine of the base helix angle, cos b.
Then, dividing the results by the cosine of the
transverse pressure angle at the tolerance diameter,
cos Tt, converts the values to a direction along the
arc of the tolerance diameter circle.
As is the case with any pitch comparator (two probe)
measurements, these values must be compared
with the true position pitch, pm, to derive single pitch
values. This method can be applied to measurements made by devices set relative to a randomly
selected tooth pair or relative to the theoretical
normal base pitch.
The true position pitch, pm, is equal to the average
value found by summing all the adjacent tooth pair
measurements, then dividing the result by the
number of tooth pairs (i.e., the number of teeth).
Subtraction of the true position pitch, pm, from each
adjacent tooth pair measurement produces the plus
and minus values of single pitch deviation, fpt, for
each tooth pair of the gear.
6.5.3 Additional calculations for normal base
pitch measurements
When the normal base pitch measurement device is
initially set to the theoretical normal base pitch,
resulting measurements can be used to calculate a
variety of parameters that are useful for controlling
the quality of gear involute profiles.
It is important to understand that these calculations
are based upon the assumption that the helical lead
of the gear, which also affects normal base pitch
11
AGMA 915--1--A02
(2)
where
fdbm is the mean base diameter difference, mm;
fpbm is the mean normal base pitch deviation,
mm;
z
t eff = acos
d b eff
D
(4)
where
t eff is the effective transverse pressure angle,
degrees;
D
(5)
where
n eff is the effective normal pressure angle,
degrees;
f dbm =
where
(3)
f mt = t eff t
(6)
where
fmt is the mean transverse pressure angle
deviation, degrees;
t
(7)
pressure angle
Spindle
Base
circle
AGMA 915--1--A02
Outside circle
Pitch circle
Probe
Axis
Probe
Figure 13 -- Schematic of involute inspection
device
13
AGMA 915--1--A02
X1
X2
X3
Y3
Y2
Y1
Undercut
True
involute profile
True
involute
Profile control
diameter
Plus profile
(minus pressure angle)
Minus profile
(plus pressure angle)
Undercut &
tip chamfer
Tip break
Undercut
14
AGMA 915--1--A02
fH
ff
A
B
1
Lc
2
3
D
E
+
F
Lc
L
tip circle
reference circle
E
F
D
E
root circle
base circle
1
2
3
Design profile
Measured profile
Mean profile line
C--Q
c
Q
A
B
D
E
F
B--D
B--E
Lc
L
F
ff
fH
15
AGMA 915--1--A02
f Hm = 1
n f H1 + f H2 + + f Hn
where:
(8)
--
--
+
5.7
fe
--6.6
--11.1
fH
-Lc
f Hm = 1 ( 11.1 6.6 + 5.7) = 4mm
3
M = axis of rotation of the gear on the machine tool.
I = axis of rotation of the gear on the inspection apparatus.
C = position of tool or profile measuring probe
1, 2, 3 = Positions of the profiles from which the traces were obtained (at 45, 165, 285) and
relevant profile traces
Figure 18 -- Mean profile slope deviation, fHm
16
AGMA 915--1--A02
d b eff
D
(11)
--
--
--
--
where:
Db
f
L c Hm
(9)
Lc
where:
db eff is the effective base diameter, mm.
(12)
f mt = t eff t
d b eff = D b + f dbm 10 3
where:
where:
Db
(10)
f mt = 1
f Hm
L c tan t 10 3
180
(14)
(15)
where:
17
AGMA 915--1--A02
pressure angle
Scale
layout
Projection
Figure 19 -- Profile inspection by optical
projection
7.8.2 Indirect profile inspection methods
The following techniques may be employed for
inspection of gear profiles. These methods do not
yield actual measurements of deviation of an inspected profile from a nominal.
-- Multiple thickness measurement. The chordal tooth thickness and associated addendum
depth for several positions on a tooth may be
computed for a gear tooth caliper. Comparison of
measurements with the computed values will give
18
AGMA 915--1--A02
Reference
zero
Probe travel
Helix angle
Measured
helix
Total helix
deviation, F
19
AGMA 915--1--A02
able values of fH and ff can be calculated in accordance with ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01, clause 7.
8.5 Algebraic signs of fH and F
1
L
II
b
1
Design helix
ff
fH
Facewidth or
distance between
chamfers
Helix evaluation
range
Reference face
L
I
Total helix
deviation
Helix form
deviation
Helix slope
deviation
Axial wavelength
of undulation
fw
Undulation height
II
Non--reference
face
Helix slope deviation, fH, and the total helix deviation, F, are to be reported with an algebraic sign.
Deviations are deemed to be positive (fH > 0 and
F > 0) when helix angles are larger, and negative
when helix angles are smaller, than the design helix
angle.
The helix deviations of spur gears if other than zero
are indicated by the subscripts r and l, instead of
an algebraic sign, implying deviations in the sense of
right or left hand helices, respectively.
In figure 25, both positive and negative slopes,
caused by eccentricity or wobble of mounting on the
gear generating machine, are shown.
fH1
ff
fH
fw
x x
2
AGMA 915--1--A02
--
fH2
fH3
fH4
-- +
-- +
-- +
0 (360)
90
180
270
21
AGMA 915--1--A02
f Hm = 1
n f H1 + f H2 + + f Hn
(16)
where:
fHm is the mean helix slope deviation, mm;
fHn are the individual helix slope deviations, mm;
n
at
the
tolerance
--
--
--
--
(17)
where:
L
f Hm
Db
dT
(18)
where:
fHmt is the mean helix slope deviation, in the
transverse plane and tangent to the tolerance diameter, mm;
fHm is the mean helix slope deviation, in the
transverse plane and tangent to the base
diameter (the tolerance direction specified
in ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01), mm;
Db
dT
AGMA 915--1--A02
Desired lead
of helix
Actual lead
of helix
Facewidth
3 L + d
f
10
Hmt
T
L
T eff = atan
(19)
Path of contact
of measuring pointer
where:
T eff is the effective helix angle at the tolerance
diameter, degrees;
L
Facewidth
dT
tan T eff
(20)
Figure 26 -- Helix of right hand helical gear with
short lead (+ helix angle)
where:
Leff
Actual lead
of helix
eff = atan D
L eff
(21)
Desired lead
of helix
Facewidth
Path of contact
of measuring pointer
(22)
where:
fLm
Facewidth
23
AGMA 915--1--A02
Desired lead
of helix
Actual lead
of helix
Facewidth
(23)
where:
Path of contact
of measuring pointer
fm
Facewidth
Actual lead
of helix
Desired lead
of helix
(24)
where:
Facewidth
Path of contact
of measuring pointer
Facewidth
d
z M sin
zM
AGMA 915--1--A02
outlined in 8.2 are impractical, these indirect methods may prove valuable.
+fw
--fw
fw
fw
s =
s = 4
Figure 30 -- Principle of undulation inspection
25
AGMA 915--1--A02
AGMA 915--1--A02
z1 = Driving gear
z2 = Driven gear
z1
z2
Optical gratings
Reading heads
f1 pulses/sec
f2 pulses/sec
Multiplier
z1
Phase comparator
Divider
z2
z1
z 2 f 1 = f 2 pulsessec
Figure 32 -- Schematic of a single flank measuring device
40
Amplitude, 0.001 mm
30
20
fpt
10
Fp
0
Fis
--10
--20
--30
--40
0
5
6
7
Tooth number
10
11
12
27
AGMA 915--1--A02
40
30
Amplitude, 0.001 mm
20
10
0
fis
--10
--20
--30
--40
0
5
6
Tooth number
10
11
12
28
progressively decreasing trend as contact approaches the end of the tooth engagement cycle.
tip
master
test
gear
perfect conjugate
tooth shape
angular
displacement
root
1 pitch
1 pitch
1 pitch
--
tip
master
modified tooth
shape [profile
barrelling C]
test
gear
angular
displacement
root
1 pitch
1 pitch
master
tip
test
gear
modified tooth
shape [modified
pressure angle]
root
angular
displacement
1 pitch
0
--
1 pitch
1 pitch
1 pitch
0
--
AGMA 915--1--A02
29
AGMA 915--1--A02
recognized that the maximum length of the single-pair tooth contact path is realized when the contact
ratio, , is equal to one. As the contact ratio
increases, this length reduces and when the contact
ratio is equal to or greater than two, there is no
single--pair tooth contact at all.
master gear
tip
root
tip
tangential composite 1
deviation
3
stylus
profile
component
3
product gear
2
master gear
pb
pb = base pitch
g = length of path of contact
pb
g
Figure 36 -- Effect of contact transfer on the profile component in a tangential composite deviation
diagram (spur gears)
30
AGMA 915--1--A02
31
AGMA 915--1--A02
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
Amplitude
1.0
0.0
Unfiltered
tooth--to-tooth
--1.0
Total
composite
--2.0
--3.0
--4.0
--5.0
0
5
6
7
8
Tooth number
Figure 38 -- Single flank composite strip chart
10
11
12
AGMA 915--1--A02
5.0
4.0
3.0
Amplitude
2.0
1.0
0.0
Unfiltered
tooth--to--tooth
(12 tooth gear)
--1.0
--2.0
--3.0
--4.0
--5.0
5
6
Tooth number
10
11
12
5.0
4.0
3.0
Amplitude
2.0
1.0
0.0
--1.0
--2.0
--3.0
--4.0
--5.0
10
15
Tooth number
20
25
30
33
AGMA 915--1--A02
5.0
4.0
3.0
Amplitude
2.0
1.0
0.0
--1.0
--2.0
30 tooth gear
--3.0
--4.0
--5.0
10
15
Tooth number
20
25
30
25
30
5.0
4.0
3.0
Long term component
Amplitude
2.0
1.0
0.0
--1.0
--2.0
--3.0
30 tooth gear
--4.0
--5.0
10
15
Tooth number
20
AGMA 915--1--A02
5.0
4.0
3.0
Amplitude
2.0
1.0
0.0
--1.0
--2.0
--3.0
Composite tooth--to--tooth
30 tooth gear
--4.0
--5.0
10
15
Tooth number
20
25
30
35
AGMA 915--1--A02
5.0
3.0
2.0
Short term component
(fis -- Single flank)
Amplitude
1.0
0.0
4.0
--1.0
--2.0
--3.0
12 tooth gear
--4.0
--5.0
5
6
Tooth number
10
11
12
damaged tooth
Figure 43 -- Part of tangential composite deviation diagram -- Interpretation example
36
AGMA 915--1--A02
0L
0R
90L
90R
180L
180R
270L
270R
90 + 1 tooth (L)
90 + 1 tooth (R)
37
AGMA 915--1--A02
Typical values for carefully applied marking compound thickness are from 0.008 mm to 0.012 mm.
AGMA 915--1--A02
tions of approximately 75 percent of contact, excluding extremes of tooth which are intentionally
relieved.
Figure 47 -- Waviness
10.5 Specifications
Contact pattern acceptability is specified by defining
the area in which contact may not occur, the areas in
which contact should occur, and the percentage of
contact required in the desired area. Figure 48
illustrates a contact pattern which meets a specifica-
39
PUBLISHED BY
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
1500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314