Kuki - Chin - Zomi - Mizo. Myanmar Version

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14
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"KUKICHIN-LUSHAI" tygt0if jzpfonf/ KUKI u ]] csif;}}
ud,
k pf m; KUKI ( Thado pum;oHk;)a&G;cs,fonf/ Lushai
u ZOFA (Lusei) tpm; Mizoram rS m Mizo oH k ;
jrefrmjynfrmS vnf; Chin tpm; Mizo a&G;cs,o
f nf/tdE,
d ESihf
jrefrmjynfrSm Kuki-Chin tpm; TEDIM, PAITE, SIMTE,
VAIPHE, GANGTE, ZOU, THADO, KOM, TEDIMGCHIN ud,
k pf m;jyKa,bk,strnf (Generic Name) ZOMI
a&G;cs,o
f nf/ ZOMI ESihf MIZO bmompum;uGjJ ym;rI&adS omf
vnf; Mizoram MIZO (Duhlian) pum;ajymolrsm;ordik ;f trSef
od & d o nf j zpf a omaMumif h ZOMI ES i f h MIZO ud k
trSm;trSeaf c:a0:jcif; ruGjJ ym;atmif "ZO" a0g[m& (Etymology of ZO) udtaj
k ccH Zote / Zofa, Zogan/Zoram, Zopau/
Zotawng/Zoxen/Zohram [k
twd a umuf j zif h
ac:qckd ahJ vonfuawG
kd &onf
U / Kawlmi, Vaimi, Simmi, Laimi,
Hmarmi, Zomi [kvnf;ac:onf/
jrefrmjynfcsif;vlrsKd;xJrSm ajrjyefYcsif;rsm;u ]]csif;}}
udk ckdifNrJpGm toHk;jyKcsifygonf/ 1974 ckESpf zGJUnf;yHk
tajccHoya'a&;qGw
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h iG ;f rnf[k
15
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vG w f v yf a &;twl w uG ,l r nf [ k Ad k v f c sK y f a tmif q ef ;
atmif q ef ; awmif w ef ; a'orsm;wG i f c&D ; xG u f
pnf;H;k a&;vIy&f mS ;cJo
h nf/
AdkvfcsKyfaqmifqef;u-
1/
2/
3/
4/
17
csif ; wd k Y u d k rG e f * d k v D ; EG , f 0 if ; rsm;? wd A uf jrefrmpum;ajymtEG,0f ifrsm;jzpf(Arm)uReaf wmfEiS hf

rsK;d wl jzpfonf[q
k kd aomfif;? (yifvt
kH pnf;ta0;
1947)
ucsifwdkYbufoGm; csif;ESifh ucsif? ArmwdkYudk
rsKd;EG,ft&twl rGef*Dk&D;,m;tEG,f0if? wDAufjrefrmpum;ajym tEG,fpkjzpf[kqdkum? (jrpfBuD;em;
1947)
&cdkifbufodkYoGm; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm bmompum;t&
ArmESi&cd
fh kifvlrsKd;eD;pyfqHk;rsm;jzpf&Srf;?&cdkif?Arm
rsm;udud
k ;k uG,af ombmomwlaomAk'b
mom0ifrf sm;
jzpfonf[kif;?(ppfawGUNrdKU1946)
&Srf;wdkY bufa&mufaomtcg ArmESifh &Srf;wdkYudk
wjcm;wd k i f ; &if ; om;rsm;xuf ud k ; uG , f a om
bmomcsif ; wl ? ,Of a us;rI ? "avh x H k p H v nf ;
wlaomvlrsKd;rsm;jzpf csif;? ucsif? &Srf;? u&ifeDESifh
jrefrmjynfudk yl;aygif; vGwfvyfa&;twlwuG
,l&rnf[uR
k r;f usipf mG pnf;H;k cJyh gonf/
Ad k v f c sKyf a qmif q ef ; ajymaom pum;rsm; csif ; ?
18
ucsiv
f rl sK;d rsm;ESiArmvl
hf
rsK;d udrGk e*f v
kd ;D ,m;rsK;d EG,?f wDAufjref r mpum;ajymtEG , f 0 if r sm;[k
pnf ; H k ; cJ h
rEk o maA'ynm&S i f r sm;\ av;vmawG U & S d j cif ; ud k v nf ;
vufco
H nf[xif
k &mS ;onf/
vl Y o rd k i f ; avh v menf ;
ynm&Sifrsm;u rGef*dkvD;,m;EG,frsm; cGJjcm;avhvmjcif;
ynm&S i f [ l a om pum;&yf (toH k ; tEI e f ; ) ud k
vlrsK;d EG,rf sm;\ ordik ;f ESihf ,SONf y;D trSeaf vhvmpH;k prf;wJt
h cg
owd&bdkY&ef ta&;BuD;vdrfhrnf[k owday;csifygonf/
ynm&Si[
f ygk &*lbUJG& (Ph.D) rsm;udv
k nf;'Dordik ;f taMumif;udk
olwaYkd jymwJt
h wdik ;f rSeo
f nf[(100
k
%)vufcE
H ikd pf &mr&Syd g/
ynm&Sw
d idk ;f uyg&*lb&r[k
UJG w?fyg&*lbr&aom
UJG
olrsm;vnf;
vlrsKd;taMumif; yg&*lbGJU&aomvlrsKd;uJhodkY olYvlrsKd;rsm;\
ordkif;ydkrdkod&Sdonf/ TEDIM bmompum;jzifh pm (Zolai)
19
oifcef;pmausmif;oHk;pmtkyfjyKpkaomtcg 1923 ckESpf Rev.

Dr. J.H.Cope u Zomi vlrsK;d taMumif;udk Zomi rsm;udar;
k
tod t rS w f j yK rS e f o nf [ k vuf c H y gonf / xd k u J h o d k Y
ynm&S i f w pf a ,muf u
csif ; vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k
rGef*dkvD;,m;tEG,f0ifrsm;jzpfonf[k vufcHoifhoavmh?
vufrcH oifhoavm? pOf;pm;p&m (tdrfpm) &Sdao;onf/
pma&;olu Pu. PC Biak Lian a&;om;aom Bible & Sciense
zwf c J h b l ; onf / wu o d k v f w pf c k r S
Ph. D
ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu(ok
kd awoe)usr;f jyKol (Disertation)
tif'ekd ;D &Sm;uRe;f pG,u
f Re;f i,fwpfcrk aus
S mufw;kH rsm;udESk paf ygi;f
b,favmuf&o
dS nfut
kd wdik ;f cdik ;f ( )
onf/
xdak usmif;om;tajz&wJh wdik ;f wuov
kd u
f todtrSwjf yK
(Ph. Degree) yg&*lbUJG tyfEjHS cif;cHonf/xda
Yk emuftjcm; Ph.D
ausmif ; om;wpf a ,muf a&S ; a[mif ; ok a woejyKol u
(Archeology)j y K o l u xd k u Ref ; qG , f r S m ausmuf w H k ; rsm;
oufwrf;udwd
k ik ;f ckid ;f onf/yxrausmif;oluwkid ;f aomtcg
ESpfoufwrf;20oef;ausmf[kqdkum Ph. D bGUJ tyfEiS ;f cJNh y?D
odaYk omf aemufq;kH ausmif;om;u xdu
k Re;f qG,t
f eD;tem;rS
aexd k i f a om a'ocH ouf B uD ; &G , f t d k r sm;ud k
20
xdu
k Re;f qG,t
f aMumif;ar;jref;cJ&h m'DuRe;f qG,if ,f (Island)
ud k igwd k Y i,f i ,f w k e f ; up a&wd k u f p m;rI a Mumif h
uRef ; qG , f i ,f t jzpf ay:ayguf v mcJ h o nf / ajray:od k Y
ay:vmaom ausmufwHk;rsm;udkvnf; oufwrf; 100
rausmf a o;yg[k ac:qd k o nf / xd k Y a Mumif h ausmif ; om;
okawoejyKou
l ausmufwikd ;f u&d,m)ta[mif
(
;jzpf
t&ifokwejyKoloHk;aom wdkif;ud&d,mrrSefbl;[k qdkum
wkid ;f ud&,
d mtopfEiS hf xdak usmufw;kH rsm;udk aocsm wdik ;f
tESp100
f ausmavmufay:vmonf/xdw
k uov
kd rf sm; Ph.D
bG J U ay;aom aumf r D w D r sm;u th h H M oaomf v nf ;
yxrok a woejyKud k Ph.D bG J U tyf E S i f ; cJ h N yD ; jzpf
odr;f ,ljcif;vnf;raumif;?'kw,
d okawoejyKuv
kd nf; Ph.D
bGUJ (Archeology) ESi&oG
hf m;onf/
ynm&S i f [ l a om pum;&yf E S i f h ywf o uf o l
jref r mh o rd k i f ; a&;om;aom a'guf w mbG J U & rsm;pG m xJ r S m
emrnfausma'g
f wmoef;xGe;f a&;om;aomordik ;f tm;vH;k olu
yg&*lbUJG &jzpftm;vH;k rSeo
f nf[ajk ymvdr&
Yk vufcv
H v
Ykd nf;
r&yg/yg&*lbUJG &?ynm&Sirf [kw&f ifawmifrSola&;om;enf;?
ok a woejyKa&;ud k tajccH u spepf j zif h a&;om;ygu
21
rSm;onf[v
k nf;ajymvdrYk &yg/atmufygtwkid ;f ynm&Sirf sm;ESihf
vrf;ab;u vlrsm;\ vlrsKd;cGJjcm;jcif;udk azmfjyygonf/
tpd;k &owfrw
S w
f t
hJ aMumif;vnf;trSm;trSef udv
k nf;&Sdrnf/
avh v mpH k p rf ; enf ; (7)rsKd ; ES i f h oif \ t&nf t csif ;

wdkif;wmyg/
1/ k y f y d k i f ; qd k i f a vh m jcif ;
rEkomaA'ynm&Sif (Anthropologist) rsm;u
kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m (Body Structure of appearence) udMu
k nfh
tm&S v l r sKd ; rsm;ud k tom;0g (Yellow) vl r sKd ; [k
cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;jzpf
rG e f * d k v D ; ,m;EG , f 0 if r sm;jzpf o nf [ k qd k o nf /
ol w d k Y a vh v m,l q csuf jref r mh ord k i f ; rS m vnf ;
vufco
H nf/
2/ bmompum;ESifh avhvmjcif;
bmomaA'ynm&Sif (Linguist)rsm;u wDAufrS
22
rav;&Sm;uRe;f qG,t
f xdjyefEY aHS exkid af omvlrsK;d rsm;udk
bmompum;t&
wD A uf jrefrmpum;tEG,rf sm;jzpfonf[qd
k yk gonf/
odaYk omfwcsKUd t*Fvyd t
f bd"mef (Dictionary) ESihf
orkid ;f rsm;wGif
* Mon vlrsK;d rsm;udk Austro-Asiatic Language Family
[ka&;
* Shan vlrsKd;rsm;udk Tai-Kadai Language Family [k
a&;onf/
'D a e&mrS m ynm&S i f r sm;[k ac:qd k a om ol r sm;
rEk aA'ynm&S i f r sm;
vuf c H r S m vm;?
bmomaA'ynm&Sirsf m;vufcrH vm;?tbd"mefa&;olukd
vuf c H r S m vm;? pmI o l qH k ; jzwf c suf j zpf o nf /
vlrsK;d EG,q
f w
kd mbmompum;aysmufvQivl
f rsK;d aysmuf
rsKd;dk;pOfqufrsm;u wjcm;vlrsKd;bmompum;oHk;
vlrsK;d trnfvnf;ajymif;vJwwfonf/
3/ tdk;udk "mwfcGJavhvmjcif;
*syef t pd k ; &u ol Y v l r sKd ; rsm; (rsKd ; d k ; AD Z )ud k
23
'kw,
d urmpfprSmppfom;aoqH;k vlrsm;\tavmif;udk
jyef v nf w l ; azmf u m "mwf c G J p pf a q; td k ; uae
*syefvrl sK;d [kwrf [kwcGf jJ cm;od&o
dS nf/
4/ aoG;ppfavhvmjcif;
tpa&;tpdk;&u olYvlrsKd;rsm;trSm;trSefudk
cGjJ cm;Edik af tmifrsK;d d;k ADZ (DNA) aoG;ppfaq;aoG;uae
cGjJ cm;od&EdS ikd o
f nf/
5/ EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;MunfhrS cGJjcm;jcif;
jrefrmtpdk;&u EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;uwfjym;udk
MunfNh y;D rSwdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;cGjJ cm;wwfonf/
6/ pum;0dkif;vdk ArmESifh wdkif;&if;om;cGJjcm;jcif;
vrf ; ab;ta&mif ; t0,f q k d i f & S i f w csKd U u
pum;0dkif;vdkd cifAsm; &cdkifvm;? bdwfvm;? csif;vm;?
ucsifvm; [k ar;wwfonf/ uRefawmf Armpum;
ruRr;f vdYk pum;0dik ;f wm jrefrmEdik if o
H m;yg[k jyefajz
bmvlrsKd;vJ? jrefrmjynfrSm wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif;
ar;p&mrvd k / Ed k i f i H j cm;wd k i f ; jynf r S m awG U ovd k
24
ar;p&mrvdb
k ;l vdpOf
Yk ;pm;ygonf/
7/ emrnfa&SUyk'fESifh vdifcGJjcm;jcif;
vlrsKd;wkdif;rSm emrnfr[kwfaom emrnfrSm
vdicf jJG cm;jcif;oH;k avh&o
dS nf/vdicf jJG cm;emrnf[qd
k &k rnf/
Oyrm-OD;?a':?armif?r-(Arm)?apm?aemf(u&if)?
pdik ;f ?eef;(&Sr;f )wmef?vsm
(Zomi) qvdik ?frdik ;f (csi;f tI)d
a ES i f h i (Mizo) 'D p um;vH k ; rsm; wpf c k c k E S i f h wG J
emrnf a &;aomtcg a,musf m ;? rd e f ; r csuf j cif ;
cGJjcm;vdkY&onf/ wkdif;&if;om;rsm;u oHk;aomtcg
pmzwf o l u ol Y v l r sKd ; cef Y r S e f ; ajymqd k vd k Y & onf /
jref r mtpd k ; &u H k ; oH k ; pm jref r mpmoH k ; aomtcg
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vH;k trnfvnf;? OD; ? a':?
armif? r xnfh? Hk;pmrSmvnf; xnfha&; ,cktcg
ArmvlrsK;d [k emrnfMunfh ? zwfjcif;tm;jzifh cGjJ cm;vdk
r&wmrsm;onf / xl ; jcm;wpf c k u
Zomi
vlrsKd;tppfemrnfudk armifESifhr rxnfhaomfvnf;
wpf a ,muf u ajymcJ h v Qif a,musf m ;? rd e f ; r
cGJjcm;vdkY&onf/
tEk aA'ynm&S i f r sm;u
vl w d k Y \
25
ta&mifûd,
k cf EmudMu
k nfh rGe*f v
kd ;D vlrsK;d EG,[
f ac:
k qjkd cif;jzpf
onf / ppf o m;r[k w f a om vl w pf a ,muf u
ppfom;0wfp0kH wfaomtcg ppfom;jzpfrnf[k cefrY eS ;f ajymqdk
ouJhojdkYzpfonf[,l
k qygonf/
bmomaA'ynm&Sifrsm;u wDAuf-jrefrmpum;ajym
EG , f 0 if [ k avh v mjcif ; ud k vuf c H o nf / taMumif ; u
vlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm; a&maESmaexdkifum ,aeYtxd wDAufjrefrmpum;t&pmayESipum;rS
hf
moH;k aeqJjzpfonf?(Oyrm
- Object uH + Subject - uwm; + Verb - Bud,mjzpf
t*Fvyd pf um;ESiqef
hf u
Y sio
hf nf/t*Fvyd rf mS Subject + Verb
+ Object jzpf o nf / od k Y a omf ,ck a cwf r S m
pma&;om;enf ; tqif j rif h r S m t*F v d y f p ma&;enf ; ud k
toH;k rsm;Muonf/
vlYordkif; avhvma&;om;enf;vlrskd;rsm;\ordkif;?
vlrsK;d EG,cf rJG sm;\ordik ;f avhvmygupmrsm;pGmul;um;jcif;?
ynm&Sifrsm; tBuHay;awmif;jcif;? pmtkyfrsm;rsm;zwfjcif;
t"dutcsurf [kwyf g/ta&;ygq;kH uvlo
Y rdik ;f avhvmwJt
h cg
atmufazmfjyaom r[kwf pmtkyfrsKd;pHkzwfIavhvmjcif;
26
vdt
k yfonf/
(1) vlrsKd;tpudk rdrd,HkMunfaombmom (Religious)
usr;f tajccHNy;D wjcm;bmomusr;f *efukdavhvmyg/
(2) vlrsK;d trnfurskd K;d d;k ADZESiq
hf ikd af om (Generic (adj) )
pmtkyu
f yxrqH
kd
;k avhvmyg/oifa&;rnfh
vlrsK;d udODk ;pm;ay;yg/
(3) a0g[m&Zpfjrpfavhvmolynm&Sif (Etynologist) rsm;\
pmtkyrf sm;udavh
k vmud;kd um;yg/
(4) udk;uG,fonfhbmom? "avhxHkpHaemufcHorkdif;udk
avhvmyg/
(Religious Background)
(5) rEkaA'qdkif&mynm&Sif (Anthropology) rsm;\

pmtkyu
f zwf
kd yg/
(6) bmomaA'ynm&Sif (Linguist) rsm;\pmtkyzf wfyg/
(7) a&SUa[mif;okawoeynm&Sif (Archeologist) rsm;\
pmtkyfavhvmyg/
(8) ordik ;f ynm&Sif (Historian) pmtkyzf wfyg/
(9) vl r sm;taMumif ; avh v maom od y H y nm&S i f
(Ethnologicst) pmtkya
f vhvmyg/
27
(10) a0g[m&aA'ynm&Sif (Philologist) rsm;\pmtkyzf wfyg/

(11) 0g' (Ism) ESifh pdwfynm (Psychology) rsm;udk
&mcdik Ef eI ;f omOD;pm;ay;yg/
txufygpmtkyf (10)rsKd;udk avhvmNyD;rS
pepf u spG m (systemitically) avh v mcJ h v Qif ord k i f ; ud k
jiif;p&mr&Syd g[,H
k Mk unfygonf/ordik ;f udavh
k vmvdo
k rl sm;u
pmtkyfrsm;rsm; 0,f ydkufqHukef? tcsdefvnf; ukefonf/
0goemygvd k Y ord k i f ; a&;wm;xuf vl r sKd ; cspf p d w f
pdw"f mwfjyif;xef;vda&;om;j
Yk
cif;jzpfonf[,H
k Mk unfygonf/
vlrsKd;rsm;ordkif;a&;wmudk omrefpma&;q&m? aqmif;yg;?
0w K rsm;ES i f h rwl y gbl ; uG m jcm; ygonf / vl r sk K d ; rsm;\
ord k i f ; a&;rS m ;cJ h v Qif vl r sKd ; trsm;pk xd c d k u f o nf /
pnf;vH;k a&;ysujf ym;apwwfonf/pma&;olucsi;f vlrsK;d rsm;ESihf
rsKd ; EG , f w l r sm;ud k
tp a &;vl r sKd ; EG , f p k j zpf
rGef*dkvD;,m;vlrsKd;EG,fpkr[kwf[k a&;om;&Sif;jyaomfvnf;
ordik ;f trSeaf vhvmolrsm;twGurdf wq
f ufjcif;omjzpfonf/
Israel vlrs;dk tjzpfcH,y
l guc&pf,mefbmomuae*sK;H bmom
(Judaism) od k Y ajymif ; vJ r nf j zpf Israel vl r sKd ; tjzpf
cH,lajymif;a&TUjcif;udkvnf; pma&;oltaeESifh tm;ray;yg/
28
jrefrmEdik if o
H m;jzpf&wm*kP,
f 0l rf;omygw,f/odaYk omf1947
ckEpS rf pS 'DaeY(2013)jynfaxmifpjyk nfe,frsm;rSmcsi;f jynfe,f
tqif;&JqHk;jzpf tqif;&J qHk;jynfe,frsm;aewmxuf
tpa&;EdkifiHom;jzpf csrf;omjcif;udkvnf; tem*wfrSm
a&G;cs,pf Of;pm;wJtcs
h ed rf &Sb
d ;l vdajYk ymvdrYk &yg/
txufyvl
g rsK;d avhvmenf;(7)rsK;d udMu
k nfah omtcg
ynm&Sirf sm;okawoejyKwidk ;f rSeo
f nf?rSm;onf[pmzwf
k
oEl iS hf
ord k i f ; avh v mol r sm; qH k ; jzwf c suf j zpf o nf / Ph.D
wpfa,mufjzpfvynm&S
Ykd
ijf zpfaomaMumif;olajymwJt
h wdik ;f
vdkufemrnf[k twif;tusyf r&bl;? vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;\
tcG i f h t a&;rS m vl r sKd ; tk y f p k E S i f h pmay? bmompum;?
ud;k uG,o
f nfb
h momrsm;tjynft
h 0cHpm;jcif;?toH;k jyKjcif;udk
tvd k t yf q H k ; jzpf o nf / acgif ; aqmif a umif ; &zd k Y
aemuf v d k u f i ,f o m;rsm;u
zef w D ; vd k Y & ovd k ?
aemuf v d k u f a umif ;
ysKd ; axmif z d k Y & ef
acgi;f aqmifaumif;wpfa,mufvt
kd yfonf[k (Rev. Lang Khan
Hau ZBCM) u qdkcJhonf/ rSefonf/ vlrsKd;a&;? pmay?
pum;rsmacgi;f aqmifynm&Siw
f pfa,mufoljyKpak omordik ;f ?
pmwrf;rsm;udjyk nfov
l x
l u
k zwfwt
hJ cgpmzwfenf;oH;k rsK;d
29
uGrf;,m;pm;ovdk? tkef;oD;tcGHcGm pm;ovdk? BuHudkvSD;

pm;ovd k pm;ygovm;[k pOf ; pm;oih f a om
t"duvdktyfcsufjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufu ydkufqH&Sd
ol i ,f c sif ; ud k auR;aom 0uf o m;ol Y ol i ,f c sif ; u
aoG;wdk;a&m*g&Sd rpm;csifovdk pmayordkif;avmuvnf;
uJhopmzwf
dkY
oltwGujfzpfwwfonf/
ynm&S i f r sm;
avh v mawG U &S d t &
jrefrmwkid ;f &if;om;rsm;wcsKUdurGkd e*f ;kd vD;,m;tEG,0f if[q
k akd omf
vnf;csi;f vlrsK;d tcsKUd EiS tEG
hf ,0f ifrsm;udk (Kuki-Chin-Lushai)
Semitic tEG,0
f ifrqif
S ;oufaomfvrl sK;d rsm;jzpfrGe*f &kd ;D ,m;?
wD A uf a &muf a omtcg wjcm;vl r sKd ; rsm;ES i f h aoG ; a&m
(Bloodsheed) jcif ; aMumif h wjcm;vl r sKd ; rsm;ES i f h
a&m,Suaf exdik u
f m bmompum;rdomG ;jcif;? ud;k uG,o
f nfh
bk&m;?ud;k uG,ef nf;rdomG ;,cktcgrGe*f v
kd ;D ,m;tEG,0f if
wDAuf-jrefrmpum;ajymEG,f[k owfrSwf cHonfjzpfonf/
pma&;olu Zomi rsm;uda&S
k ;acwfb;kd bGm;rsm;\,zfyal Zmfjcif;?
boma&;ud k tajccH tp a &;rsKd ; EG , f [ k ,H k M unf
txufygordik ;f avhvmenf;/usio
hf ;kH aomtcgrGe*f v
kd ;D ,m;
tEG,0f ifr[kwyf g[em;vnf
k
;ygonf/
ar;cGe;f - tdrpf mtwGuf trSef (
30
) ESifh trSm; (
_)
ajzyg/ (Rhetorical question)

(1) csif ; vl r sKd ; rsm;
(Kuki-Chin-Lushai)
rEkaA'ynm&Sifrsm;u
rG e f * d k v D ; tEG , f 0 if r sm;[k vnf ; aumif ; ?
bmomaA'ynm&S i f r sm;u
wd A uf jref r mpum;ajymtEG , f [ l ok a woet&
awGU&SdcJhonf/ rSefonf[kqdk&if ( _____ )rSm;onf[k
qd&k if( ______) rSeo
f nf[q
k ckd v
hJ Qibmj
f zpfvYkd Mizoram
ESih f Manipur jynfe,frsm;rSm KuKi-Chin Lushai " (ZomiMizo) rsm; (Shinlong-Mamesi-Israel) tpa&;vlrsK;d ADZ
(DNA) aoG;ppfatmifoenf;/ KuKi-Chin-Lushai
rsKd;EG,frsm;udk ,ck jrefrmjynf yk*Hacwfup
csif;vlrsKd;rsm;[k ac:qdkonf/
(2) rEkaA'ynm&Sifrsm;tm; vlwdkY\ kyfydkif;qdkif&m
ta&miftqif;udk Munfh tm&Swdkufom;rsm;udk
tom;a&mif v l r sKd ;
(Yellow
Colour)
rGe*f ;dk vD;,m;tEG,0f ifrsm;jzpfonf[tod
k trSwjf yK
31
jrefrmordik ;f uvnf;vufco
H nf/rSeo
f nf[q
k &kd if
(_____ )?rSm;onf[qd
k &k if( ______) ?rSeo
f nfqykd gu
bmjzpfvdkY 1991 ckESpfavmufrSm tzd&duwdkufrSm
tDoDyD;,m; (Ethiopia) vlrsKdvlrJwufrJvlarSmif
(Darkmen) rsm;ud k Israel rsKd ; d k ; AD Z (DNA)
aoG;ppfatmifygoenf;/rEkaA't& Israel vlrsK;d
rsm;udktom;\eD (Red) jzpf tzd&u
d vlrsK;d rsm;udk
tom;rJ (Black) tm&Swu
kd o
f m;rsm;udtom;0g
k
(Yellow) jzpfonf/
tcef; (1) csif;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ordkif;tp

csif;vlrsKd;ordkif;tprSm vlrsKd;qif;oufvmyHkESifh
vl r sKd ; rS n f h a c:jcif ; aMumif ; ud k pm;a&;ol c&pf , mef
bmom0ifwpfa,mufjzpfaomaMumifus
h r;f pmt& (Biblically)
&Sif;jyygonf/ wjcm;bmom0if (Non-Christian) rsm;u
em;vnfay;yg&efawmif;yefygonf/
tcef; (2) ZdkrD;ESifh csif;tac:ta0:

Zdrk ;D ac:qjkd cif;taMumif;udk &Si;f jyygonf/ tcef; (2)
32
tm;vH;k eD;yg;udo
k rdik ;f udk tajccH ordik ;f t& ravhvmbJ
ynm&yfa0g[m& (Terminology) ESifha0g[m&ZpfaA' (Etymology) t& tajccH a&;om;&Sif;jy ygonf/ rSm;wm?
rjynf h p H k w mwd k Y
&S d r nf [ k
aocsmygonf /
wcsKd U u d k p ma&;q&mrsm;u jynf h p H k ? rS e f u ef p G m a&;&ef
csef x m;ygrnf / trS m ;wcsKd U &S d ol Y r sm;uae
tBuaH y;jcif;&rSmjzpfonf/
t c e f ; ( 3 ) - waumif ; jynf w nf a xmif o l r sm;

acgi;f pOfwyfxm;oufvrl sK;d ESicshf i;f qufpyfy?kH]]jrefvrl sK;d rS
jrefrm}} jzpfvmjcif;? ArmESifh jreffrma0g[m& &vmjcif;udk
&S i f ; jyygonf / 'D a vh v ma&;om;yH k u d k v nf ; a0g
[m&t&if ; tjrpf t &ES i f h ynmt&yf a 0g[m& tajccH
a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ cdik v
f akH om ordik ;f t& (Historically)
(rqvtpdk;&) tajccH pdwfynmt& (Psychologically)
a&;jcif;omr[kwyf g/
csi;f rBuKd uaf omZdrk ;D rsm;[keHygw(4)rS
f macgi;f pOfwyf
a&;om;cJo
h nf/csi;f rBuKd uaf omcsi;f vlrsK;d rsm;udajk rjyefcY si;f rS
vGv
J csYkd i;f jynfe,frsm;aexkid af omcsi;f vlrsK;d rsm;uvufrcHyg/
33
odaYk omf 2010 ckEpS f rSp ygwpD 'kH rD u

kd a&pDzUJG pnf;wJt
h cg ]]
csi;f }}oH;k cJv
h Qius
f ,jf yefY Edik if jH cm;rSaomfvnf;aumif;? NGO
rS aomf v nf ; aumif ; ? tpd k ; &rS a omf v nf ; aumif ; ?
tzGJUtpnf;wckckudkvnf;aumif; zGJUpnf;wJhtzGJUemrnfcsif;
ygcJhvQif axmufyHhaMu;ydkrdk&bdkY vG,fonf[k qdkcJhaom
Edik if aH &;ygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;\t,l0g'jzpfonf/ 1953ckEpS w
f iG f
csi;f ESicshf i;f c&pf,meftzGUcJ sKyu
f kd Chin a,bk,strnf(ud,
k pf m;jyK)
Zomi Baptist Convention[kzGUJpnf;cJ
h 1995ckEpS w
f iG f ZBCM
Zomi Baptist Convention of Myanmar cGJxGufum " ZBC rS
Tedim Beptist Convention 2011ckEp
Sw
f iG xyf
f rcH x
JG u
G f 2013
?
ckEpS rf mS KVBA = Kalay Valuey Paptist Assocation udcGk x
J u
G f ?
Convention tm; zG J U p nf ; Chin B u d K u f a omol r sm;om
usef&pfcJhonf/ ZBA=Zo Baptist Association ESihf SRBASihzang Region Baptist Association ud2013
k ckESpf?rwfv
25&ufuav;NrKd UrS ZBC uae CBC = Chin Baptist Convention tzG J U rS m usef & pf c J h y gonf / taMumif ; ud k
jyefvnfpOf;pm; aomtcg csif;rBudKufaom ZdkrD;rsm;[k
acgi;f pOfwyfcyhJ gonf/
emrnfa&SUqufy'k rf rsm; (Prefix) Taang ESihf Lia, Salai
34
ESihf Mai, "a" ESifh "i" udv

k nf;azmfjyygonf/jrefrmuvnf;
armif E S i f h r ? OD ; ES i f h a': oH k ; onf / tpd k ; &H k ; rsm;wG i f
wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;\ bmompum; pmayjri w
hf ifa&;
[efYwm;jcif;aMumifh OD;wmefqvdkif;[k oHk;rsKd;a&;aom
vli,fwpfcsKUdvnf;&So
d nf/csi;f vlrsK;d uOD;tpm; Pu, a':tpm;
Pi oHk;onf/(om"u- Salai Tawna - qvdi
k ;f aome
csif;vli,frsm;ESifh ordkif;ravvmholrsm;u vlysKdESifh
tysKrd sm; Tang ESihf Lia, Slai ESihf Mai oH;k vlBu;D ydik ;f rSmroH;k &[k
,lqygonf/ Tang uda,mus
k
mf ;[kac:qjkd cif;? Lia udrdk e;f r[k
ac:qjkd cif;jzpf vdicf jJG cm;jcif; (Gender) omjzpfaomaMumifh
oufBuD;ôufi,fcGJjcm;jcif; r[kwfyg/ qvdkif;ESifh rdkifudk
awmifay:csi;f utoH;k &Sad omfvnf;ajrjyefcY si;f rsm;oH;k aom
pum;rSiSm;oH;k jcif;omjzpfolwv
Ykd nf;t"dyg ,rod
f yg/
csif;vlrsKd;rsm;\ a&m*gwpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ 1981 ckESpf
&ef u k e f w u o d k v f csif ; ausmif ; om; rsm;xJ r S
jyemay;cJzh ;l onf/tqdak wmfwmef T.S Khai udkqvdik ;f
T.S. Khai u oDcsif;qdkrnf[k ac:qdkaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
1982 aemufydkif; a&'D,dkrSm q,fwef;atmifpm&if;udk
35
aMujimwJt
h cgrmS Lia ESihf Tang oH;k onf/ qvdik ;f ESihf rdik u
f kd
ausmif;om;a&;aqmif qvdkif;wifarmif0if; aoqHk;onfh
aemufyikd ;f wGitoH
f ;k rsm;vmonf/
csi;f jynfe,fEiS e,f
hf erdwppf
f uikd ;f wdik ;f ?rauG;wdik ;f ?
&cd k i f j ynf ? b*F v ma'&S f U ? rD Z d k & rf ; ? rPd y l & jynf e ,f E S i f h
e,fpyfe,fedrdwfESifh qufpyfaomaMumifh ukd,fe,fajr?
a'otrS e f q H k ; jzpf a tmif vl i ,f r sm;u tem*wf r S m
apmifx
h ed ;f &rnfjzpfonf/
2008 zGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk AdkvfcsKyfrSL;BuD;
oef ; a&T ( a[mif ; )u twnf j yK vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; aom
Oya'jzpf oltNidrf;pm;,lcJhonfjzpfapqHk;oGm;onfjzpfap?
olt
Y rdeEYf iS a&;qG
hf t
J wnfjyKcahJ omzGUJpnf;yHOk ya'wpfv;kH rusef
usif h o H k ; aeonf h wumvywf v H k ; OD ; oef ; a&T u
Edik if o
H m;trsm;tay:rmS tpd;k &tay:rmS vnf;tmPm&So
d nf[k
ajymvdkY&onf/ a*gwrAk'qHk;oGm;aomfvnf; olYMo0g'udk
touf & S i f a e ao; Ak ' b mom0if r sm;u
,H k M unf v d k u f e mouJ h o d k Y jzpf o nf / pum;vH k ; ?
trd e f Y t ouf & S i f o vm;/
aooG m ;NyD ; vm;/
ta&;Bu;D qH;k jzpfonf/ vlonf tNird ;f pm;,lwwf? aoqH;k
36
wwfonf/
tcef;
(4)
jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' 1947?
1974?2008rSaumufEIwfcsursf m;a&;om;ppfrSefaom
'D r d k u a&pD E d k i f i H r sm; oH k ; aom vl e nf ; pk r sm;
tcGifhta&;&oifh&xkdufrsm;uJhodkY EdkifiHawmftpdk;&uvnf;
tajccHOya'udjk yifqifoifo
h nf[azmf
k jyygonf/
tcef;(5)- wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;\t"duvdv

k m;aom
tcsuf (4)csufudk (1) udk;uG,fonfhbmom vGwfvyfcGifh?
(2) wkdif;&if;om;rsm;udk pmayjrifhwifa&;? (3) Hk;oHk;pmESifh
bkpH um;? (4) rnfonft
h &yfa'orqdk aexdik cf iG jhf yKjcif; udk
zGUJ pnf;yHtaj
k ccHOya'1947?1974?2008rSmjy|mef;cJah om
tcsuf (4)rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom Oya'rsm;udk ndEIdif;
&S i f ; jyygonf / 2013 Ed k 0 if b mv18 &uf a eY w G i f
aejynfawmforwHk;odkY ydkYcJhaom tdwfzGifhpm zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'jyqif&efvdv
k m;aomt"du(4)csujf zpfygonf/
tcef ; (6) -
csif;ESifh ucsifnDtpfudkrsm; jzpfjcif;udk
37
&Si;f jycJyh gonf/
tcef; (7) - em*g;vlrsK;d rsm;ucsi;f vlrsK;d EG,[

f knHq
h kd
tcef ; (8) - csif;jynfe,frS idkoH[k acgif;pOfa&;
csif;jynfe,fudk 1948 ckESpf? azaz:0g&Dv 4 &ufrSp
jynfaxmifpjrk efrmEdik if jyH nfe,ftzGUJ0ifjzpfaomfvnf;,cktcg
csif;jynfe,f tqif;&JqHk;jynfe,f[k owfrSwfjcif;cHxm;
csi;f jynfe,frS iko
d [
H k acgi;f pOfwyfcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf/ tcsuf
(11 rS 9)txdygaom csif;jynfe,fzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh
tm;omcsufESifh tm;enf;csufudk azmfjyonf/ aemufqHk;
ed*;kH csKyaf &;cJyh gonf/
38
tcef; 1
csif;vlrsdK;orkdif;tp
1/ vlrsK;d qif;oufvmyHk
]]xm0&bk&m;ocifonf rdrd\ yHko@efESifhtnD
hf red ;f r (Eve) udzef
k qif;awmf
vla,mufsm; (Adam) ESivl
rlco
hJ nf/xm0&bk&m;ocifuvnf;vlrsK;d rsm;jym;arG;zGm;Mu
avmh}}[krdeaYf wmfrcl o
hJ nf/(urmOD;usr;f 1;27-28)/tmA&m
[rf (Abraham) uvnf;[m*& (Hagar)ESiom;
hf
Ismael
arG;zGm; Ismael u om; (12) a,mufudk arG;zGm;cJhyg
onf/(u 16;11) Abraham u Sarah ESifhom; (Isaac)
ud k arG ; zG m ; om; (Isaac) uvnf ; {aom (Esau)
ES i f h (Jacob) ,muk y f u d k arG ; zG m ;cJ h y gonf / (u 21;3?
25;25?26),mukyrf mS om;(12)a,mufarG;zGm;,aexdyif
39
vlrsKd;BuD;tjzpf aexdkifcJhMuygnf/ (u? 35;23-26)/ 1948

ckEpS {Nf yv
D m26&ufwiG ur
f may:rmS tpa&;Ekid if o
H pfjyefvnf
ay:aygufvmcJhonf/ vlrsdK;rsm;\tp (zefqif;jcif;)udk
c&pf , mef b mom &I a xmif h r S a&;om;jcif ; jzpf
tjcm;bmomt,l0g'ESifh nDnGwfrIr&Sdygu pm&Iolrsm;tjzifh
em;vnfay;&eftoday;ygonf/
2/
vlrsKd;rSnfhac:jcif;
xm0&bk&m;ocifonf ,mukyf (Jocob) udk Israel ]]tpa&;}}[ktrnfajymif;vJac:qckd o

hJ nfuod
kd &&dS onf/
Israel [laom t"dyg ,r
f mS bk&m;ocif\ wyfrawmf The
Army of God [k qd k v d k o nf / (u.32;28-30)
,mukyo
f m;rsm;udk Israel vlrsK;d [kac:Muaomfvnf;,muky\f
om;wpfa,muf,'k (Judah) trnfudk pGJjyK *sL; (Jews)
vlrsK;d [lvnf;ac:a0:Muonf/,mukyo
f m;a,moyf (Joseph) \ om;ESpfa,muf rmea&S (Manasseh) ESihf tDz&drf
(Ephraim) arG;zGm;cJo
h nf/ (u 48;5)/ tpa&;vlrsK;d rsm;rS
aysmufqHk;aeaom rmema&SESifh tDz&drfvlrsKd;EG,frsm;onf
ta&SUtv,fydkif; tD&ef? tD&wf? tzm*efedpwefrS wDAuf?
wkw?fjrefrm?tdE,
d jynfrsm;odajYk ymif;a&TUaexkid cf MhJ uygonf/
40
if ; tm; ord k i f ; t& ,ck c sif ; vl r sKd ; rsm; ES i f h v nf ;

ywfoufaeMuonfuod
kd &EdS ikd o
f nf/
tpa&;vlrsK;d rsm;rSaysmufq;kH aeaomvlrsK;d rsm;onf
,aeYcsif; vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh qufEG,frI&SdouJhodkY Joseph
a,moyfutpG
kd jJ yK Jo rS (History and 20th Century Dictionary, cited by Mr. Kham Tung Naulak, Reproduced by Rev.
Go Khan Dal, Zolai Simbu,1913-1998 Zomi)
[l
ac:a0:Mujcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;tbd"mef t*Fvyd v

f kd ]]
JoArare spelling variant of Joe diminutive of the male given name

Joseph. Joe (n) A common nickname for Joseph, also used as
a
formal
male
given
name(n-plural
k ;k jyK Zomi
Joes)}}csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;uvnf; "J" tpm; "Z" udtoH
[k ac:a0:orkwfMuygonf/ uJhodkYyif ordkif;aMumif;t&
avhvm oHk;oyfaomtcg trSefyif qufEG,frI&dSaMumif;
todtrSwjfyK Muygonf/
wDAufjynf?wkwEf ikd if rH csS ;D tJef (Chiang) vlrsK;d rsm;
c&pfESpf ray:rDtESpf 723-722 BC ajrmufydkif;jynfudk
tpa&;bk&ifa[mpDacwfuqD;&D;,m;bk&if&S,rf efeq
J mvf
-5uodr;f ydu
k f awmifyikd ;f jynfubk
kd &ifZ'J u
D acwf
J 500
BC cefYwGif (Babylon) bk&ifeJbdk ceJ&mvfu odrf;ydkuf
41
uRet
f jzpfzrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;Muonf/("r&mZ0if-17;18 25;1-20) aysmufqHk;aeaom Israel vlrsKd;rsm; ,ck
Zd k r D ; vl r sKd ; wd k Y o nf wD A uf E d k i f i H o d k Y a&muf & S d u m
awmawmifa'orsm;wGif od;k xde;f avh&MdS uonf/ Marcus
Dictionary Chiang udk Qiang ESihf a&; the TibetoBurma Language Spoken in Sichuan, China , Synonyms:
Quangic ) wDAufvr
l sK;d rsm;u Jo/Zo vlrsK;d rsm;udk CHIANG
[k ac:qd k M uum if ; qd k v d k & if ; t"d y g ,f r S m

awmif u k e f ; awmif w ef ; rsm;od k Y aexk d i f a om vl r sK d ; rsm;?
awmxJwiG od
f ;k xde;f rsm;jzpfonf/ Jo udwk
k wv
f rsl K;d rsm;u
"Chou" [kac:a0:Mu,cktcg Zhou [ka&;om;ac:a0:Mu
ygonf/ NAw
d o
d Q vufxufwiG f tdE,
d ppfwyfrsm; uvnf;
AD 1790 0efusi;f wGif Chiang (cs;D tJe)f vlrsK;d rsm;udb*F
k gvD
(Bangali) pum;rS Korki udk Kuki [kac:qdkMuonf/ Kuki
ulu;D \t"dyg ,q
f v
kd &kd if;rSmawmifwef;a'ovlrsK;d rsm; (Hills
Tribes Khamtungmi) yif j zpf o nf / Chiang ES i f h Kuki
(Thado)qufE,
G rf &I dS t"dyg ,v
f nf;wl?vlrsK;d wlrsm;jzpfonf/
yk*aH cwfutpcsi;f vlrsK;d [kac:qo
kd nf/
a'guw
f moef;xGe;f u: - ]],cktcgcs;D tJef (Chiang)
42
vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k wd A uf j ref r mbmompum;ajymqd k aeol

rsm;jzpfonf/ Chiang vlrs;dk rsm;onfod;k xde;f aomtvkyu
f kd
vkyfudkifMu wkwfvlrsKd;rsm;onf uRJ? EGm;? 0ufwdkYudk
t"duarG;jrLvkyu
f ikd Mf uygonf/uJo
h Ykdif;vlrsK;d EG,pf rk sm;
twlaexkdifMuum pm;usuf ajrudpaMumifh odk;xdef;ESifh
EGm;xde;f wd0gYk 'uGjJ ym;rIjzpfvmNy;D wkwv
f rl sK;d rsm;u Chiang
vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k zrf ; qD ; owf j zwf ,Zf y l a Zmf & mwG i f
toH;k jyKonfuazmf
kd jyxm;Muygonf/xdt
k cg Chiang vlrsK;d
rsm;onf taemufajrmufbufoYkd wdr;f a&Smif (Chi'n Dynasty 552-202) wG i f Shi Wang Di &S D [ G e f w D u
jyefvnfvma&muf wdkufcdkuf rIaMumifh awmifwef;rsm;udk
ausmjf zwf&if;eJjUrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f rSmyifa&muf&vmM
dS uonfukd
azmfjyxm;ygonf/a&S;acwfjrefrmordik ;f wGiwD
f Aufukd Khawh
a chan/ Gang Jong [kac:9&mpkcefYwGirG
f wfpvifordkif;
pma&;q&mrsm;u Tubbet, ESifh Tibbet [ka&;om;azmfjycJNh y;D
if;qdv
k &kd if; teuft"dyg ,rf mS ywjrm;a'o (Golden Region) [kt"dyg ,&
f ygonf/( Rev. Thawng Go Thang)/ An
autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China;
located in the Hilmalayas. Synonyms: Thibet, Xizang,
Sitsang.
a&S ; acwf u p ork d i f ; ynm&S i f r sm;u
43
jref r mEk d i f o m;w csd K U u d k rG e f u d k ; &D ; ,m;trsd K ;tEG , f r S

qif;oufvmonf[,l
k qMuonf/ Mongolian Race (N)
An Asian Race Synonyms: Yellow race, Mongoloid Race.
odkYaomf pma&;olu csifvlrsdK;ESifhrsdK;EG,fwlrsm;udk rGef*dkvD;

,m;rsdK;EG,fxuf tpa&; rsdK;EG,frS qif;oufonf[k
&Si;f jyvdyk gonf/
CHIN udk wkwv
f rl sK;d jzpfNy;D Chin uae China,
Chinese [kac:a0:Mujcif;jzpfonf[a&;om;cJ
k
yh gonf/ Capt.
f mS Britanica Encyclopedia
Sing Khaw Khai \ azmfjycsur
pmtkyu
f ud
kd ;k um;]]csiu
f Edkd ik if jHcm;om;csi;f udwk
k wv
f rl sK;d }}[k
ac:onf/ ("Chi'n is foreigner,Chin is China" ) Chi'n ESihf Chiang
rwlaomfvnf; toHxu
G t
f ajccH owfyakH jymif;vJjcif;om
jzpfonf/ w&kwu
f Qin- Dynasty - the Chinese dynasty from
BC426- 206 BC.) that establish the first Centralized imperial
government and built much of the Great wall. Synonyms: Qin
Dynasty Chi'n, Dynasty. Surname of Chinese origin- Chi'n ,
Zhou-"The end of Shang to the begining of of the Qin, the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 - 221 BC, notable for the
rise of confucianism and Taonism, Synonyms- Zhou dynasty,
Chou, Dynasty, Chow Dynasty.(Arcus Dictionary) csi;f ESiZdhf k
jzpfay:vmjcif;udt*F
k
vyd pf mrSm&Si;f vif;pGm&Si;f jyxm;onf/
44
t&if E S p f o nf r S m csif ; ork d i f ; pma&;q&mrsm;u

csif ; vl r sd K ;trnf E S i f h Zd k v l r sd K ;trnf jzpf a y:vmjcif ; ud k
w&kwEf idk if H Qin-Dynasty ESihf Zhou-Dynasty uponf[k
rSm;,Gi;f pGma&;cJo
h nfuawG
kd U&onf/ csiv
f rl sKd ;ESicshf ;D tJev
f rl sKd ;
wdo
Yk nfvlrsKd ;wljzpfonf/Oyrm Yakhine ESihf Rakhine, Kayin
ES i f h Karen, Cin ES i f h Chin owf y H k r wl a omf vnf ;
qdjkcif;twlwyl ifjzpfNy;D vlrsKd; wl jzpfonf/ Laimi ESihf Cimnuaimi
bmom pum;udtaj
k ccHNy;D vlrsKd ;EG,pf ck jGJ cm;jcif;omjzpfonf/
tqdkygwDAufvlrsKd;awGu Chiang udk olwdkY\
toHxu
G af 0g[m&owfyajkH ymif;vJa&;om;jcif;aMumifh (Chin)
[ka&;om;jcif;jzpfonf[,l
k qMuygonf/jrefrmwdu
Yk vnf;
Chiang uae]]csi;f }}[kwdu
k f u
kd f a&;om;azmfjyxm;onfukd
awGU&onf/
45
tcef; 2
ZdkrD;ESifhcsif;tac:ta0:
1/Zdrk ;D [laom trnfqif;oufvmjcif;
csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;udk a,moyf (Joseph) \ trnfukd
tpGJjyK Zdk (Jo, Zo) uae ZdkrD;? rDZdk; [k ac:a0:Muaom
vlrsK;d rsm;onftpa&;ordik ;f wGiays
f mufq;kH aomvlrsK;d rsm;
jzpfonf[cHk ,Ml uonf/csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;ESitp
hf a&;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;
vH;k 0qufE,
G rf rI &S[
d jik if;qdrk nfqv
kd Qitdf E,
d jynfrS ulu;D csi;f
(Kuki-Chin-Lusei) wdkYudk csif;wGif;jrpf0Srf;wpfavQmuf
yk*aH cwfwiG fcsi;f (Chiang)[kac:q kdMuaomvlrsK;d rsm;yif
jzpfonf/ tpa&;tpdk;&u tdEd,jynfwGif aexkdifaom
Zdrk ;D ^csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;onftpa&;vlrsK;d EG,t
f jzpfrsK;d d;k ADZppfaq;
(DNA) atmif a omaMumif h ES p f p Of if ; vl r sKd ; rsm;onf
tpa&;Edik if o
H ajYkd ymif;a&TUaexdik cf yhJ gonf/xdu
k o
hJ yYkd ifordik ;f t&
46
jrefrmjynfwiG aexd
f ik af omcsi;f ?ucsi?em*?
f a,ma'orsm;wGif
aexk d i f o l x J r S wcsKd U ud k tp a &;vl r sKd ; rsm;&S d r nf [ k
,lqMuygonf/
1/ wpf c sK d U a om ol r sm;onf or u srf ; pmyg&S d a om
a,moyf (Joseph) \ trnfudk tpGJjyK Zdk (Nickname- Jo) uae ZdkrD;^rDZdk;[k ac:qdkjcif;jzpfonf[k
,lqMuygonf/wDAufjynfaexkid af om Jo udk Chou
[k ac:qdk Mu wkwfvlrsKd;wdkYuvnf; Chou [k
ac:qdkMu ,cktcg Zhou, Yao ajymqdkMuonf/
csi;f vlrsK;d wdu
Yk vnf; Zomi ESihf Mizo, Asho, Cho, Jo,
Khu, Sho, Zo [k oHk;EIef;xm; vlrsKd;trsm;pkrSm
jrefrmEdik if ESH itd
hf E,
d Edik if rH sm;pGmaexdik Mf uygonf/
2/ wpf c sKd U u wk w f j ynf Cho rif ; quf r sKd ; EG , f r S
qif ; ouf v maom aMumif h Zd k ? Zd k r D ; [k
ac:qjkd cif;jzpfonf[,l
k qMuygonf/
3/ wpf c sKd U u tvG e f y if at;csrf ; aoma'o
awmifuek ;f awmifwef;rsm;wGiaexk
f id Mf uaomaMumifh
Zdk*rf (Zogam) [k ac:qd k j cif ; jzpf ,aeY r S m Zd k
vlrsKd;rsm;[k ac:qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ csif;awmifwef;rSm
47
Zo-Tedim, Zotung, Zophei, Zo- Hakha &So

d nf/
4/
wpfcsKUduuREyfk w
f \Ykd bd;k bGm;emrnf Phu Cho udtpG
k jJ yK
(Zo, Zomi) ZdkrD;[k ac:qdkjcif;omjzpfonf/ csif;vlrsKd;
rsm;ordik ;f wGif Zdrk ;D vlrs;dk rsm;[k azmfjyum pmayrsm;
xkwaf 0cJMh uygonf/
tcsuf(4)csuf vufcHEkdifrSom ZdkrD; vlrsKd;rsm;\
ordik ;f wGiIf yaf xG;rIvH;k 0r&Syd g[,l
k qygonf/,cktcsed w
f iG f
tcsKdUaomcsif;vlrsKd;rsm;onf]]csif;}}[kaoma0g[m&udk
vufrcHMuZdrk ;D (Zomi) rsK;d EG,pf u
k csi;f tm;vH;k udk Zomi
[kac:onf/xdu
k o
hJ rDYkd ;Zdk (Mizo)uvnf;csi;f vlrsK;d tm;vH;k udk
rD;Zdk Mizo [k ac:qdkvufcHMuygonf/ Thahdo (KNO) u
csi;f vlrsKd ; tm;vH;k tpm; KUKI emrnfukd ESpo
f ufMuonf/
,aeYcsi;f jynfe,ftwGi;f rSmyifaexdik af omZdw
k ek f (Zotung)
vlrskKd;awGu csif;vlrsKd;tm;vHk;udk Zo [k ac:qdkMuygonf/
tdE,
d Ekid if w
H iG f aexdik af om csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;udk Zdrk ;D ESihf rDZ[
kd k
ac:qMkd uygonf/Zdu
k kd (Zo) vlwpfa,muftrnf?rD;udv
k l (Mi)
[k t"dyg ,&f onf/ vlrsK;d udak &;wJt
h cg Zdrk ;D [k a&;onf/
ZdkrD;(vl)Zdk*rf(jynf)Zdkayg(pum;)Zdkom;(rsKd;EG,f)jzpfonf/
tcsKd Uaomolrsm;uZdrk ;D ESirhf ;D Zdowf
k yakH jymif;vJa&;om;jcif;udk
48
rSefonf^ rSm;onf[k jiif;aeMuonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk; ]]Zdk}}u

ae qif;oufvmaom pum;vH;k jzpfNy;D t"dyg ,w
f yl gonf/
orkid ;f t&]]Zdrk ;D }}udykk *aH cwfat'D850rwkid rf toH
D ;k jyKcNhJ y;D
jzpfonf/at'D1200cefu
Y csi;f awmifwef;( Thangdung/
Kenedy) a&mufaomtcg vlwpfa,mufu 0uf0u
H zkd rf;
tvG e f t rif ; aysmf & T i f j rL;wl ; aomaMumif h ]]rD ; Zd k } }[k
uAsmoDcsif;pyfqdkcJhonf/ ]]ZdkrD;}} bmompum;wGif ]] R}}
oHxu
G rf &S?]]rD
d ;Zd}k }bmompum;om]] R}}toHxu
G &f o
dS nf/
]]ZdkrD;}}ESifh ]]rD;Zdk}} ac:a0:jcif;udk pum;t& avhvmvQif
]]Mivom/Midum (blackman), Mikang/Mirang (Whiteman)}}[k
ac:qdkMuonf/ ]]ZdkrD;}} ESifh ]]rD;Zdk}} tac:ta0:jcif;wGif
rS e f o nf ^ rS m ;onf jiif ; qd k p &mrvk d t yf a y/ 4if ; xuf
yd k ta&;BuD ; aomt&mrS m ]]Zd k } }rS pwif
ayguzf mG ;vmaomvlrsKd ;jzpfjcif;udod
k &jdS cif;jzpfonf/
2/]] csi;f }}(Chiang) [laom trnfpwifjzpfay:vmyHk

"Ching"vlrsKd ;ud]]cs
k i;f }}tpm;omr[kwb
f J
CHIN, Naga-Lusei, Katte wdv
Yk nf;yg0ifonf/
KUKI-
49
yxrtcsuf -wpfcskKdUaomordkif;pma&;q&mrsm;onfcsif;
[kac:qjkd cif;rSmwkwjf ynf?csi;f {u&mZf\trnfutpG
kd jJ yK
ac:qjkd cif;jzpfonf[azmf
k jyMuygonf/wkwjf ynfwiG f (Chi'n
Dynasty) Chin [k vH k ; 0ra&;yJ Chi'n ES i f h Cho [k
a&;om;azmfjyxm;onf/
'kwd,tcsu
uff - wcsKd U aom pma&;q&mrsm;u
csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;onfcsi;f wGi;f jrpfw0Sr;f wGiaexk
f id Mf uNy;D Armcsi;f cspMf unfa&;rdwo
f [m,zGUJ oli,fcsi;f [kac:qjkd cif;rS
]] csif ;}}[kac:qdkjcif;omjzpfonf[kazmfjyxm;onf/
wwd,tcsuf-csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;onfausmuke;f ay:rmS ]] jcif;}}
awmif ; (yvd k i f ; )ud k xrf ; MuaomaMumif h csif ; [k
ac:qjkdcif;jzpfonf[wpf
k csKUdua&;om;Muygonf/ jcif;[ al om
pum;vHk;ESifh csif ; [laom pumvHk;\ teuft"dyg,fu
vH k ; 0jcm;em;aeygonf / csif ; ES i f h ucsif v l r sKd ; rsm;onf
nDtpfudkawmfaom vlrsKd;rsm; jzpfonf/ csif;vlrsKd;rsm;udk
csif }}[ktb,faMumifrac:
(Chiang) ]]csif
h qMkd uwmvJ ? (od)Yk
ucsiv
f rl sK;d rsm;udk (Ka Chin) ]]ucsif;}}}}[krac:qMkduoenf;/
vlrsKd;ESpfrsKd;\ ac:qdk oHk;EIef;xm;rIrsm pOf;pm;p&myif
jzpf a yonf / jref r mtu & mrS m ]]u}} (Prefix) ud k
50
oH;k EIe;f xm;yHu

k av;eufpmG pOf;pm;oifyh gonf/ (Oyrm ucsif?u,m;?uref;?u&if)&cdkifvlrsKd;rsm;u]]jcif;}}udk
u&meff (Krang) [kac:jrefrmtu&mjzifuvmef
h
(Klang)
[k a&; jcif ; (Krang) ES i f h (Klang) toH x G u f E S i f h
owfyHka&;rSm;xm;jcif;aMumifh]]csif;}}[kac:qdkMuonf[k
,lqygonf/]]jcif;}}udxrf
k ;aomvlrsK;d rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh
csif;[kac:qdkjcif;jzpfonf[,l
k qyguurmay:rSm]]jcif;
}} udk xrf;aom vlrsKd;rsm; tvGefyif rsm;jym;vSygonf/
tm&Swdkuf? tmz&duwkduf? tdEd,jynf? jrefrmwdkif;&if;
om;wpfcsKUd wu
Ykd vnf;]]jcif;}}udxrf
k ;toH;k jyKMuygonf/
,lqcsuawG
f uavh
kd vmaomtcgordik ;f rSma&;p&mr&Sv
d Ykd
yHkazmfNyD; a&;om;jcif;om jzpfonf [k ,lqEdkifayonf/
aemuf a emif csif ; ord k i f ; ud k a&;om;jyKpk & mwG i f
,lqcsurf sm;uJo
h yYkd ifjyefvnfu;kd um;a&;om;jcif;rjyK&ef
owdxm;oifyh gonf/
3/
csif ; ( Chiang)[l a om a0g[m&tm;
bmompum;t&avhvmrI
1/
wDAufpum;rSm Zdk (Jo, Zo, Cho) udk Chiang [k

ac:qdkazmfjy xm;onf/ Chiang [k ac:qdkaom
51
t"dyg,frSm awmxJ wGif odk;xdef; aexdkifaom

vlrsK;d rsm; (Hill Tribes) [kt"dyg ,&f ygonf/
2/ wkwv
f rl sK;d rsm;onf "Chiang" udk Chien, Jen, Qin, Cho,
Zhou [ka&;om;azmfjyjcif;onfEdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;udk
ac:q&kd mwGitoH
f ;k jyKxm;onfuawG
kd U&&dS onf/
3/ ucsiv
f rl sK;d rsm;onf Chiang udk Khang [k ac:qkd
t"d y g ,f r S m nD t pf u d k t rsKd ; awmf p yf o nf [ k
t"dyg ,&f ygonf/
4/ &cdik vl
f rsK;d rsm;onf Chiang udk "Klang" [ka&;&mwGif
]] jcif ; }} ud k "Krang" csif ; ud k Klang [k
ajymif;vJac:qdka&;om;Muygonf/
5/ rGev
f rl sK;d rsm;onf Chiang udk Chilang (od)Yk Khyeng [k
a&;om;ac:qo
kd nf
6/ &Sr;f vlrsK;d rsm;onf Chiang udk Chang [kac:onf/
7/ tIu
d Chiang udk Khyeng [kac:onf/
8/ ArmvlrsK;d rsm;url Chiang udk Khlang [ka&;aomtcg
Chin [ka&;rSm;jcif;jzpfonf/
txufygazmfjyazmfjycJah om Chiang \t"dyg ,rf sm;udk
pmtkyftcsdKU udk udk;um;NyD;rS a&;om;azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/
52
rSm;onf^rSeo
f nf[qH
k ;k jzwf&cufonf/
"Chiang or Chiangmin, 250 thousand people in China.
This tribe had been living especial Israel way of life for 2300
years. Chiangmin meaning is Miu (Man). The language of the
Chiang tribe had been forgotten and they had also lose their
ancient script. Today they spelt Chinese and two other languages one, thaht originated from Tibet and the other is Asland
which is called Chiaring." (http://moshiach. com/ China.html).
Thailand xdi
k ;f Edik if rH mS &Sad om Chiangmai udk csif;rdkifNrKd U?
csif;dkifNrKd U?wkwEf ikd if H Tsinhua University

udv
k nf; csif;[Gmwuov
kd [
f a&;om;M
k
uygonf/ "Beijing
City" ud k v nf ; ]]ab*sif ; }} Nrd K U a wmf [ k a&;aònf /
txufygazmfjycsuu
f kd avhvm&mwGif "Chiang" [laom
pum;vHk;udk ]] csif ;}} [k jrefrmtu&m jzifh rSm;,Gif;pGm
a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonfudk awGU&Sd&ayonf/ t*Fvdyfbm
ompum;rS m ]] Ginger }} [k a c:aom }}*sif ; }}tpm;?
pma&;q&mwcsd K Uu ]]csif ; }}[k a&;avh & S d o nf /
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if aH wmf&H;k oH;k pmudjrk efrmpmjzpfaomfvnf;
vlwpfa,muf\trnfEiS wk
hf id ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;\emrnfukd
a&;aomtcgwjcm;pum;vH;k rsm;ESicGhf jJ cm;wwfatmifatmif
owd j yK oif h o nf / vl w pf a ,muf \ trnf E S i f h
Chiang Rai udk
53
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;\vlrsKd ;emrnfudrSk eu

f efpmG a&;om;jcif;
Oya'ud k jynf o l U vT w f a wmf u wif j y jref r mowf
yHt
k ufOya'xJrmS (Myanmar Clause Act)jyXmef;oifo
h nf/
David Brallay (Linguistic)avhvmcsut
f &&Si;f jyygujref r mud k vl r sd K ;jcm;bmomomjcm;aygif ; pH k a om
vlrsdK;trnf ( Neonmys)jzpfonf/ ArmESifhcsif; ( Chin)udk
vlrsKd ;wlaom vlrsKd ;trnf ( Exonmyms)jzpfonf/ Jou (Joseph) rS&aom Jomi/Zomi udk rsdK;&dk;emrnf uvmaom
vlrsKd ;trnf]] Ethnonyms}}[kac:onf/ Zomi, Mizo, Asho,
Khumi wku
Yd vl
kd rsKd ;wpfrsKd ;owfypkH vH;k a&;om;jcif;rwlaom
]]Allograms}}[kac:onf/ Laimi, Ciimnuaimi, Falam, Hakha,
Matu, Tedim, Mindat, Kanpalet, Paletwa, Zotung, Zote,
Zophei,
Ngente,
Vaiphei,
Teizang
ES i f h t jcm;a'otvd k u f a c:qk d a omvl r sd K ;rsm;ud k

]]Loconyms}}[kac:qdkonf/( Khoi Lam Thang, 2013, pg.
2013)/
jrefrmpmrSm "Ch" tpm; "Ky" udoH
k ;k EIe;f xm;aMumif;
od&&dS ygonf/usepf pfom;udk Chyien Sitta tpm; Kyant Sitta
uvefppfom;udk Klan Sitta [kvnf; a&;xm;avh&o
dS nf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfukd Suhchi tpm; Suh Kyi [k a&;
54
jrefrmaiGukd Chyat tpm; Kyat [ka&;jrif;Ncu

H v
kd nf; Myan
? mpku]]
kd Chaw Su}}csr;f csr;f udk
Chyan tpm; Myant Kyan acs
]]Chyant Chyant}} tpm; ]] Chan Chan}}? ausmf udk
]]Chyaw}}tpm;]] Kyaw}}a,mfud]]k Zaw}}tpm;]] Yaw}}[k
a&;onf/ Rakhine udk Yakhine, u&ifukd Karen tpm; Kayin
[k trsK;d rsK;d a&;om;jcif;udk awGU&ygonf/ Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;
]]Kh/Khy}} udk ]]cD}}[k toHxGuf
Suh Kyi udk ]]pkcD}}
Kyat ud]]cD
k twf}}[kajymqdo
k nf/uJo
h yYkd if
Chiang udk
wdkufdkuf ]]csif;}}[k ajymif;vJa&;xm;jcif;jzpfonfudk
ay:viG af pygonf/
4/]]csif;}}[k ac:qdkaom ordkif;rSwfwrf;rsm;

1/ a'guf w moef ; xG e f ; \
azmf j ycsuf t &
]]csif;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhuefwlvlrsKd;wdkY
csif;wGif;jrpf0Srf;wpfavQmufudkydkifqdkifzdkY&eftwGuf
olwdkYonf tNydKiftqdkifjzpfaeonfudk od&SdEdkifonf/
jref r mvl r sKd ; rsm;u
csif ; vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k
ppfr[mrdwfjyK[efwlygonf/ xdkYtjyif csif;wGif;jrpf
wpf0rS ;f &SdjrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;onfrH&k mG NrKd UtvHNk rKd Utxuf
55
ausmf usL;ausmfaexkdufjcif; r&Sday/ ordkif;udk

avhvmaomtcgcsi;f -ArmppfjzpfymG ;aeonfuv
kd nf;
rS w f w rf ; wG i f rawG U &S d & ay/ csif ; vl r sKd ; rsm;
aexdik jf cif;r&Sad oma'orsm;udrk ljrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;u
e,fcsUJodr;f ydu
k x
f m;aeonfuawG
kd U&&dS ygonf/OyrmxD;vif; ESifhausmfa'o? (acwfa[mif;jrefrm&mZ0if
&efukefrHka&G;pmay? 2004? pm-146) at'D 60-100
tMum;[k cefrY eS ;f onf/
2/ B.Lal thangliana u-at'D 123&mpkwiG a&S
f Uacwfjrefrm
ausmufpmwGif csif; (Chin) udk Chi'n, Kyien [k
a&;;om;azmfjy xm;ygonf/ csif;wGif;udk BuHwGif;
]]uvef;wGif;}}[ka&;om;cJhygonf/ (Chi'n-Chin,
Kyan Twan, Klantwien, Mizo Chan Chin, Ai Zawl 2009,
P.17)
3/ at'D - 130
cef Y u
yk * H a usmuf p m
taemufbufawmifwef;a'orsm;wGiaexd
f ik Mf uaom
vlrsK;d wdu
Yk cskd if (Chien, Chiang) [kazmfjyxm;ygonf/
{&m0wDjrpf\ jrpfvufwuftBu;D qH;k csi;f wGi;f (od)Yk
]]cif w G i f } } [k a&;xd k ; Mu\/ xd k j rpf w avQmuf
ajrmufbuftusqHk; [kod&aom a'owdkYrSm BuHwl
56
(ted r f h t jrif h ) yif u d 10wk d u f w k d Y j zpf & um;?

xd k a 'owd k Y \ ajrmuf b uf o d k Y
xd k a cwf u
jref r mwd k Y r a&muf & S d a o; [k , l q ayonf /
(jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; 1953-pm- 389) ]]wkduf}}
[laomt"dyg ,u
f ]]ZA
kd K'yD Oaqmifusr;f wGitkf ycf sKyaf &;
e,fajrt ac:ta0:t& ]]wku
d }f }onf omreftm;jzifh
e,f a jrtyd k i f ; t
jcm;wpf
ck j zpf N yD ;
NrKd UwiG ;f &Sid ,faom{&d,mud}k }&nfneT ;f onf[a&;onf
k
/
(a'guw
f m a*stufzmeDAv
J Ef iS hf a'guwmazarmifwif?
ZA K 'D y Oaqmif ? pm 10? nT e f ; - OD ; ausmf p m 5)/
csi;f wGi;f jrpfukd wEdik ;f c? wa&mifcESihf wa0gicf acsmif;
(3)rskKd;aygif; om&m0g'Djrpf (Tarawadi)[k ac:onf/
csif;vlrsKd;rsm; aexkdifMuaomtcg csif;wGif;jrpf[k
ac:onf/ wcsKdUu csif;aoG;jrpfudk csif;wGif;jrpf[k
ac:qjkdcif;jzpfonf[,l
k qygonf/ Capt Sing Khaw Khai,
(The Culture Meaning of Racial Zomi P.4) wGif
csi;f wGi;f jrpf0rS ;f wpfavQmufwiG aexk
f id af omvlrsK;d rsm;\
a'oudk Zdkjynf (Jo province) [k a&;om; azmfjyNy;D ?
a'gufwmoef; xGef;uvnf; ]]csifjynf- Chi'n }} [k
57
a&;um Jo uae Chiang tjzpfajymif;vJ Chiang udk

jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;u]]csi;f }}[k ac:qo
kd nf /wkwv
f rl sK;d u
Chiang udk ]]Chi'en}} [k a &;onf csif ; a0g [ m&
tppftrSefudk u "Chin" r[kwfbJ "Chiang" u
qif;oufvmonf/
4/ at'D 1 784
ck E S p f w G i f
a&mref u mod k
vdyo
f moemjyKq&mawmf (Father Vicentus Sanger
Mono) qd k o l u
Chiang ud k
Chien [k
a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (A Description of the Burmese Emperor Edited by Sir John Jardine; Rangon, 1884)
wGif Chiang udk Chien [k a&;om;xm;aomaMumifh

csi;f ESiucs
hf i[l
f emrnfEpS rf sK;d uGjJ ym;jcm;em;vmonfukd
od&&dS ygonf/ucsiu
f v
kd nf;jrefrm;wkaYd y;aomtrnf
jzpf[efwo
l nf/
5/ at'D1880ckEpS w
f iG f Sir Arthur Pyayre, Lower Burma
Commissioners) qdkoluazmfjycsufrSm Sho, Jo, Zo udk
Kyeng Chiang vlrskd;rsm;rS qif;oufvmaomaMumifh
Kyeng rS
toH x G u f
Klang tjzpf
ajymif;vJa&;om;xm;ygonf/&cdik v
f rl sK;d awGu Kyang?
58
Armpmjzif h Kyeng [k a&;NyD ; Chin [k

ajymif;vJa&;om;xm;ygonf/ iguawmh toHxGuf
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68
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69
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1946ckESpf?Zefe0g&Dv(17)&ufaeYwGius
f if;yaom
yxrtBudrf zqyvEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mnDvmcH aeol&def;
tpnf;ta0; &efuek Nf rKd U wGif usi;f ycJyh gonf/ xdn
k v
D mcH
OD;azcifu ]] awmifwef;a'orsm; (Frontier Area)ESifh
jrefrmjynfukdyl;aygi;f twlwuGvGwv
f yfa&;&,lrnf[k
tqd k w if o G i f ; cJ h & m yd k 0 rf ; ol a rmif (xef y uf a rif rxrqH;k csi;f a&;&m0efBu;D )uaxmufco
H nf/xdaYk emuf1946
ESp?f azaz:0g&v
D (8)&ufaeYwiG us
f i;f yaomzqyvtzGUJ csKyf
73
trIaqmifrsm;ESihf &Sr;f ? csi;f ? ucsi?f &cdik f ud,

k pf m;vS,rf sm;
aqG;aEG;yGJodkY 0rf;olarmifESifh atmifcifwdkYwufa&mufonf/
xdt
Yk pnf;ta0;usi;f yNy;D aemuf 0rf;olarmifukd csi;f awmif
tESHwGif c&D;oGm; zqyvtzGJUcsKyf\ tzGJU cGJU zGJUpnf;um
vGwv
f yfa&;&bd&Yk ef pnf;H;k vIy&f mS ;cJo
h nf/ pnf;H;k a&; udk
jynfolvlxku axmufcH 1946 ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvwGif
yifvHknDvmcHrSm wufa&mufrnfh csif;udk,fpm;vS,f rsm;
tk y f y D ; xJ r S a&G ; cs,f pum;jyef r nf h o l r sm;vnf ;
a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ a&G;cs,fusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;yGJudk
zvrf;NrKd U usi;f yonf/ bk&ifccH syk u
f awmifwef;a'orsm;
T e f M um;a&;rS L ;csKyf Mr. Stevenson ud k T e f M um;
cd k i f a umf r &S i f e m OD ; od r f ; armif u OD ; pD ; uG y f u J o nf /
yif v H k y xrtpnf ; ta0;wuf a &muf & ef csif ; ud k , f p m;
vS,t
f yk yf ;D ydu
k ;D tdrk ef (Hakha) ?ydv
k v
I rf eI f (Lumbang-Falam)
?ydyk rk ;f Zref (Tonzang Tedim) a&G;cs,cf o
hJ nf/pum;jyefot
l jzpf
Pu Kawl Sum a&G;cs,fcJhonf/ 1946 ckESpf? rwfv 20-28
&uftxd yifvHkyxrtBudrf tpnf;ta0;? 'kwd,tBudrf
tpnf;ta0; 1947 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 3 &ufrS 12
74
&ufaeYtxdusi;f ypum;jyifoydl 0k rf;udak [m (Vum Khaw

Hau) a&G ; cs,f j c if ; cH & onf / yxrtB u d r f t pnf ; ta0;
yd k y k r f ; Zref yg0if c J h a omf v nf ; 'k w d , tpnf ; ta0;
use;f rma&;aMumifrwuf
h
a&mufcyhJ g/xdak Mumifcsh i;f ud,
k pf m;
oH;k a,mufxrJ ydS ak xmif;Zckyf (Sukte Tribal Chief-Saizang
Tedim) u vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1947 ckESpf
azazmf0g&v
D (12)&ufwiG f ucsi?f csi;f ? &Sr;f ud,
k pf m;rsm;ESihf
jrefrmjynfr udk,fpm; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u oabmwl
vufrw
S af &;xdk 1948 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&v
D (4)&ufaeYwiG f
vGwv
f yfa&;&onf/
u-u yxrtBudrfyifvHktpnf;ta0;
1946 ckESpf? rwfv 20-28 &ufaeYtxd
usi;f y&Sr;f ?csi;f ?ucsiu
f ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;wufa&mufco
hJ nf/
csif ; ES i f h
ucsif u d k , f p m;vS , f r sm;twG u f
yxrtBurd jf zpfaomfvnf;?&Sr;f apmfbmG ;rsm;udk1946ckEpS ?f
rwf v 19 &uf w G i f oD ; jcm;usif ; ycJ h N yD ; jzpf o nf /
tpnf;ta0;wGif zqyvtzGUJ csKyf 'k-Ou| OD;Ek? OD;apm
75
(*VefOD;apm AdkvfcsKyfvkyfBuHol) Mr. Steven Son vnf;

wufa&mufcJhygonf/ 1946 ckESpf? rwfv (19)&ufaeYwGif
jref r mjynf r ES i f h
awmif w ef ; a'orsm;
yl;aygi;f a&;aumfrf w
D t
D zGUJ tpnf;ta0;zGUJ pnf;Ou|tjzpf
p0f a 7T o d k u f (yxrqH k ; or w ) a&G ; cs,f c J h o nf /
csif;udk,fpm;vS,f ydkvIvfrIef;u Rs.50 tzGJU0ifaiG (India)
xnfh0ifcJhonf/ ucsifacgif;aqmifvmrfaZmfaxmifvnf;
yg0ifonf/
1/ csif;udk,fpm;vS,ftkyfyD;rsm; (3) a,muf

(u) ydu
k ;D tdrk ef
-
Hakha Tribal Chief
Lumbang Tribal Chief
Hakha - Hakha
(c) ydkvIvfrIef;
-
Lumbang - Falam
(*) ydyk rk ;f Zref
Tedim (Kam Hav)
Tribal Chief - Tonzang - Tedim
2/ ynmt&nftcsif; ESifh tkyfcsKyfonfhe,fajr

(u) ydu
k ;D tdrk efonf ynmt&nftcsif;rSm jrefrmpmt*F v d y f p m 7 wef ; ud k 1912 ck E S p f r S
76
atmifjrifco
hJ nf/ HaKha e,futk
dk ycf sKycf o
J nf/
(c) yd k v I v f r I e f (A.T.M) onf zvrf ; Nrd K U
tv,f w ef ; ausif ; rS 1912 ck E S p f w G i f 7
wef;atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1914 ckESpfrSp Zaniat,
Tapong, Ngawn, Lunghawh ESih f Lumbang rsK;d EG,p
fk
(5)rsK;d tkycf sKycJf o
h nf/1918-1919jyifopfEikd if o
H Udk
oGm;onf/
(*) ydyk rk ;f Zref (K.S I M, A.T.M) onf1915-1918
ckESpftxd ppfudkif;NrdKU ausmif;wuf 7 wef;
atmifjrifco
hJ nf/ Tonzang NrKdUrmS H;k pdu
k f Zo, Thado
ESifh Kan Hau rsKd;EG,f (,ck Tedim ) rsm;
tkycf sKycf o
hJ nf/
csif;udk,fpm;vS,f tkyfyD; (Chief) rsm;udk vnf;
xdkacwftwGuf ynmt&nftcsif;redrfhyg/ xdkacwfwGif 7
wef;atmiftqifol
h rsm;ut*Fvyd pf um;vnf;uRr;f usif
jrefrmpum;ruRrf;aomfvnf; a&;wwfzwf wwfonf/
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh ajyvnfacsmarmpGm pum;ajym&ef
pum;jyefoludk a&G;cs,fjcif;om jzpfonf [k od&onf/
vlwpfcsKUdutkyyf ;D rsm;udtj
k ypfwifolwb
Ykd mrSrod?em;rvnf?
77
olwdkYaMumifh vGwfvyfa&;& aomfvnf; rwdk;wuf[k

a0zef o nf / rwd k ; wuf w mol w d k Y a Mumif h r[k w f b l ; /
igwd k Y a cwf v l i ,f r sm;aMumif h [ k ,l q onf / ol w d k Y
qH k ; oG m ;cJ h N yD r [k w f y gvm;? zG H U Nzd K ;wd k ; wuf j cif ; ud k
tvkyBf uKd ;pm;r,f?vkyrf &rnf
S ?&vkyrf ,fr[kwb
f ;l /
3/ pum;jyefqdk
yxryif v H k t pnf ; ta0; pum;jyef o l t jzpf
vdu
k yf gvmoltrnfpm&if;udatmuf
k
ygtwdik ;f pma&;olrsm;u
wrsK;d pDa&cJo
h nf/
1/ Pu Tual Khaw Mang u Pu Kawl Sum -Tai Kwal u
vdu
k cf o
hJ nf[a&;onf
k
/
(Sukte Chronicle, XV, 2005. P.23)
2/ Gamngai 21st Century pmtkyrf S Pu Van Thang [k

a&;onf/
pum;jyef o l Pu Kawl Sum u Falam
pum;oHk;cJhvQif xdkacwf Tlaison rsKd;EG,ftkyfcsKyfaom
vufatmufrS Falam e,fwpfckvHk;? Falam e,f Zahau
vufatmufrmS Tedim e,ftqifq
h ift
h yk cf sKycf o
hJ nf/xdaYk Mumifh
78
Pu Kawl Sum ESics

hf i;f ud,
k pf m;vS,3f a,mufwzvrf
Ykd ;pum;
ES i f h aomf v nf ; aumif ; ?
t*Fvdyfpum;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; pum;ajymvdkY&rnf[k
,lqygonf/
txufyg tkyfyD;oHk;a,mufvdkuf cJhaom Pu Kawl
Sun "mwfyku
H kd TonZang Golden Jubilee Magazine rSm2000
yg&cdS o
hJ nf/wpfcsKUd u Pu Pum Za Mang udk Thawng Za Khup
[ka&;rSm;cJo
h nf/
(Laizo/
Zahaw)
c - c/
'kw,
d tBurd yf ifvn
kH v
D mcHwufa&mufrnfo
h rl sm;
a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh
jyifqifjcif;
tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufjcif;
1946 ckESpf? {NyDv (2)&ufaeYwGif zvrf;NrdKU
vl x k q E c H , l y G J tpnf ; ta0;usif ; ycJ h y gonf / 'k w d ,
yifvHktpnf;ta0;wufa&mufrnfhol udk,fpm;vS,f (1)
yd k u D ; td k r ef (2) yd k v I v f ; rI e f (3) yd k y k r f ; Zmref w d k Y v nf ;
wufa&muf vlxkwdkY\ qEudk ,lum tcsufrsm;udk
79
pkpnf;onf/
csi;f vlxu
k ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiawG
hf UqNkH y;D jrefrmjynfrES iS hf
ylaygi;f vGwv
f yfa&;,la&;?r,la&;udpu
aqG
kd ;aEG;Muonf/
atmufygtcsu(4)cs
f uu
f oabmwl
kd
nrD &I cJo
h nf/
(1) avmavmq,f w G i f
bk & if c H \
wdu
k f u
kd t
f yk cf sKyrf aI tmufwiG ae&ef
f ?
(2) wkid ;f &if;om;nDtpfurkd sm;jzpfonf&Sh r;f ?ucsiw
f EYkd iS hf
vufwGJ cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf
oGm;&ef?
(3) yifvt
kH pnf;ta0; 1946 ckEpS ?f rwfv 20-28
&ufrSm zGJUpnf;cJhonfh jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;rsm;
,Ofaus;rItoif;wGicsf i;f wdu
Yk vnf;tzGUJ0iftjzpf
yg0if&ef?
(4) csif;vlxkonf ,ckxufydk Edk;Mum;vmum
rdrw
d aYkd &;udk rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f pDraH qmif&u
G Ef ikd o
f nfh
tcsdefa&mufvQif NAdwdoQwdkY\ jrefrmjynfqdkif&m
puLjzLpmwrf;ESifh yifvHktpnf;ta0; (yxr1946)wGizwf
f Mum;onfbk
h &ifc\
H trdew
Yf w
Ykd iG f
80
azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; jynfrESifh yl;aygif;a&;?

ryl;aygi;f a&;pOf;pm;&ef?
txufyg tcsufeHygwf (4) udk vlxkudk,fpm;
wD;wdefudk,fpm;jyKo(15)OD
l ;?zvrf;udk,fpm;jyKo(6)
l OD;ESifh
[m;cg;ud k , f p m;jyK o l (29)OD ; wd k Y u vuf r S w f a &;xd k ;
awmifwef;a'otkycf sKyaf &;Xmeoday;yd
Yk cJYk Mh uygonf/wD;wde;f ?
zvrf ; ? [m;cg;ud k , f p m;rsm;om[k qd k a omf v nf ;
csif;udk,fpm;jyK[k qdk&rnf/ awmif;ydkif;csif;vlrsKd;rsm;udk
OD ; 0rf ; ol a rmif u pnf ; H k ; cJ h N yD ; NyD j zpf o nf / ol o nf
t"duvrf;zGiahf y;olvnf;jzpfonf/
* - */
'k w d , tBud r f y if v H k nD v mcH t pnf ; ta0;

wufa&mufaom csif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
'kw,
d yifvn
kH v
D mcHtpnf;ta0;udk 1947 ckEpS ?f
azazmf 0 g&D v 7-12&uf a eY t xd usif ; ycJ h o nf /
csif ; ud k , f p m;vS , f ?
ucsif u d k , f p m;vS , f ?
&Sr;f ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESijrhf efrmjynfrud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;vnf;
Adv
k fcsKyaf tmifqef;ESihfwufa&mufcyhJ gonf/
81
u&ifudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufjcif;aemufusjcif;taMumif;&if;rSm
&ef u k e f N rd K U u&if t rsKd ; om; nD v mcH w G i f KNU/O
zGUJ pnf;vdu
k af omaMumifh jzpfonf/ u&iftrsK;d om;tzGUJ csKyrf S
OD ; vS a z? apmpH a u? apm0D & D a usmf E S i f h apmcspf w D ; wd k Y
yifvn
kH v
d mcHoYkd aemufusNy;D a&mufvmMuonf/ if;wd\
Yk
wm0ef r S m vnf ; nD v mcH yg0if a qG ; aEG ; &ef r[k w f b J
avh v mol r sm;tjzpf wuf a &muf & ef o m jzpf o nf /
awmifwef;a'otkycf sKyaf &;e,ftwGi;f rygaom (Excluded
Areas) u&if e D e ,f r S apm0P E S i f h apmod e f ; wd k Y v nf ;
avh v mol t jzpf
wuf a &muf c J h M uNyD j zpf o nf /
(wdik ;f &if;o0m;vlrsK;d rsm;ta&;ESi1947
hf zGUJpnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'?
1989pm-265)
1/ c s i f ; u d k k , f p m ; v S , f
(3)
oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;
(1)
(2)
Pu Kio Mang
- Hakha
Pu Hlur Hmung
- Lumbang - Falam
OD;u
(3)
82
Pu Thawng Za Khup - Saizang - Tedim Sukte Chief

Pu Kio Mang, Pu Hlur Hmung ESih f Pu Pum Za Mang
wdt
Yk aMumif;&Si;f cJNh yD Pu Thawng Za Khup Pu Pum Za Mang
use;f rma&;aMumifrwuf
h
a&mufEikd o
f jzifh Pu Thawng ZaKhup
'k w d , tBud r f y if v H k t pnf ; ta0;ES i f h yif v H k p mcsK y f w G i f
csif ; ud k , f p m;vS , f v uf r S w f a &;ol w pf a ,muf t jzpf
yg0ifcyhJ gonf/1927ckEpS armf
f vu
kd Nf rKd txuf
U
wef;ausmif;
7wef;atmifjrifcyhJ gonf/
yif v H k p mcsK y f r S m vuf r S w f a &;aom ol r sm;ud k
vltcsKUd uvlrsK;d EG,pf rk sm;\ud,
k pf m;vS,rf a&G
S ;cs,jfcif;[k
,lqaomvltcsKUd&ydS gonf/igvnf;ygonf[pma&;avonf
k
/
,ckjrefrmEdkifiHom;csif;vlrsKd;EG,f0ifrsm; ESifh em*g;vlrsKd;rsm;
ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f jzpfvufrw
S af &;xd;k cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ygwED iS hf
tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcck ud
k ,
k pf m;aomfvnf;aumif;vH;k 0r[kwyf g/
trsKd;om; (National) ud,
k pf m;tkyyf ;D (UKPi)oH;k a,mufu
oabmwlvufrw
S 1947
f ckEpS ?fazazmf0g&v
D (12)&ufaeYwiG f
ucsif (6)a,muf? &Srf;(13) a,muf? csif; (3)a,muf?
jref r mjynf r ud k , f p m;vS , f Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; u
vG w f v yf a &;twl w uG &,l & ef oabmwl
83
vufrw
S af &;xd;k cJyh gonf/
2/ pum;jyefol
(1) Pu Tual Khaw Mang u Pu Vum Khaw Hau [k
a&;onf/
(2) Pu Cin Khen Zam u Dr. Vum Khaw Hau, Pu
Savuta ESihf Pu Ngun To jzpfonf[a&;onf
k
/
Pu Tual Khaw Mang u taz Pu Thawng Za
Khup ud k yif v H k t pnf ; ta0;wG i f 'k w d , tBud r f w G i f
vdu
k cf o
hJ nf[k qdck o
hJ jzifh olu emvntodq;kH jzpfrf nf[k
,HMk unfvufco
H nf/1947ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&v
D 12&ufwiG f
Pu Tual Khaw Mang touft&G,fwdusrod&aomfvnf;
olt
Y az1927ckEpS rf mS 7wef;atmifonf[od
k &aomMumifh
1925 rS 1947 udk tESpf 22 &Sdonf/ xdkaMumifh
Pu Tual
Khaw Mang 1947 ck yif v H k tpnf ; ta0;
touft&G,t
f enf;qH;k 16ESprf 18
S ESpt
f &G,v
f yl sKjd zpfrnf[k
cefrY eS ;f vd&Yk onf/
C - C/ emrnfausmfpum;jyef OD;0rf;udka[m ESifh
84
yif v H k p mcsK y f
OD;0rf;udak [m(c)Akr;f ac:a[muf (Dr. Vum Khaw
Hau qHk;) AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ umADeufrDeDpwm (Cabinet
Minister) a[mif;? csif;a&;&m0efBuD;-'k twdkifyifcHa[mif;
(Duputy Counselor) ESioH
hf trwfa[mif;wpfa,mufzrf;cdik f
Commissioner H k ; vuf a &;wd k p ma&; (Stenographer)
0efxrf;a[mif;vnf;jzpfonf/olu
Y ,
kd af &;&mZ0iftusO;f rSm
yif v H k p mcsKyf vuf r S w f a&;xd k ; cJ h [ ef & S d o vk d
rSww
f rf;wifco
hJ nfuawG
kd U&dS olpY mtkyu
f p kd ma&;olwpfcsKUdu
TefY jrefrmjynf*sme,fESifh pmtkyfwpfcsKdUwGifygonfudk
awG U &onf /
xk d Y a Mumif h
wpf b uf r S
wcsKUdpma&;olrsm;tjrifuv
kd nf;azmfjyyifvt
kH pnf;ta0;ESihf
pmcsKyt
f aMumif; a'guw
f mAkr;f ac:a[mufEiS hf ywfoufaom
cdik v
f akH omtjcm;pmtkyu
f ;kd um;&Si;f jyvdyk gonf/yk*Kd vaf &;
t& a'gwfAkrf;ac:a[muf*kPfodumusatmif &nf&G,fjcif;
r[kwfyg/ vmrnfh tem*wfumvwGif csif; ordkif;trSef?
jrefrmhordik ;f trSeo
f ad pvdak Mumifo
h mjzpfonf/
1/ yifvHkpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;olcsif;udk,fpm;vS,f
85
(3) a,muf
(u-u)
\
rS w f w rf ;
(csi;f a&;&m0ef;Bu;D csKyaf [mif; oHtrwfBu;D a[mif;
(qH;k )1947ckEpS rf mS csi;f wmifwef;cdik ?f zvrf;NrKd U?
aumrD&iS f ;kH rSmaumfr&D iS ef mr&Sb
d ;l vdta&;yd
Yk
ik f (Assistant Superintendent) OD ; axmif ; usif h x ef u
yl;wGJwm0ef,lcJhonfhtcsdefjzpfonf/
olHk;pma&;ti,fwef;ESifh vufa&;wdkpma&;
OD;0rf;udka[mudk OD;axmif;usifhxef\ cGifhjyKcsuf
(cG i f h a y;rS o m)jzif h
yif v H k
tpnf;ta0;csif;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\
pum;jyeftjzpfvu
kd yf gco
hJ nfjzpfonf[a&;onf
k
/
t*Fvyd pmj
f zifatmuf
h
ygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
Pu
Zahrelian
"Vum Khaw Hau was selected to be the

interpretered in Panlone Conference for the Chiefs
at the meeting Gen Aung Sani. Vum Khaw Hau was
Lower Divison Clerk and Stenographer at the office of the Deputy Commissioner. Naturally Thawng
Cin Thang granted a leave of absence to Vum Khaw
86
Hau to travel to the Panlone meeting. (Rev. Dr.

Stephen Hre Kio, Zahre Lian of Burma, Chiang Mai,
Wanide Press, 2000, 2nd Edition, p.53
uReaf wmf0,faomud,
k yf ikd pf mtkyrf t*F
S vyd pf mjzifh
jynfph &kH iS ;f vif;onf/
(c-c)
Robert Siang Lian u

" In accordiance with the instaructions of the Governor to the Frontier Areas administrative Officer
Pul Hlur Hmung of Falam, Pu Kio Mang of HaKha
and Chief Thwng Za Khup if Sai Zang-Tedim
(Representatived of Kam Hau Tribal Chief Pum Za
Mang) were Selected by the Dupty Commissioner
of Falam to reprensent Chins at Panlone Second
Cifessence. (No.1. Telim B.E.H.S, 1948-1948 p.
576)
yif v H k t pnf ; ta0; vl t zG J U tpnf ; ?

ygww
D pfck u
k ,
kd pf m;olu,
kd w
f idk oG
f m;jcif;r[kwo
f vdk
tcGi&hf rSoGm;vd&Yk onfuawG
kd U&onf/
87
( *- *) OD;xGe;f atmifcsed u
f atmufq;kH pmajc
rSm-
(Footnote)
(1) pmcsKyfrl&if;wGif 'l0gaZmfv ucsifudk,fpm;vS,f

trnfygaomfvnf;ol\vufrw
S rf yg[azmf
k jyyg
onf/
(2) yif v H k t pnf ; ta0; wuf < upG m yg0if a om
OD;0rf;udak [mufonftpd;k 70efxrf;jzpfaeygojzifh
wif;Muyf aom udkvdkeD0efxrf;pnf;urf;t&
xd k p Of u
vuf r S w f r a&;xd k ; 7bJ
aemufwpfvcefYMumrS vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonf[k
OD ; 0rf ; ud k a [m (Vum Ko Hau) \
ud k , f a &;&mZ0if t usOf ; ud k
T e f ;
jyefvnfazmfjycJhonf/
(wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sKd ; rsm;ta&;ES i f h 1947
zG J U p nf ; yH k t ajccH O ya' 1989 pm-201) ud k
azmf j yaom pmud k w&m;0if p mtk y f r [k w f
OD ; 0rf ; ud k a [mud k , f w d k i f a &;aom ud k , f a &;
&mZ0iftusOf;}} pmtkyfudk udk;um; pmydk'f\
88
txufqHk;pmajcwGif a&;om;azmfjyjcif;omjzpf
onf[qd
k &k rnf/yifvpkH mcsKyrf &l if;pmrdwL rSmvnf;
OD ; 0rf ; cd k a [muf e mrnf r ygwmud k pmzwf o l
(vlwikd ;f )odonfjzpfonf/ordik ;f trSeu
f od
kd wt
hJ cg
xifrSm;vGJaomtaMumif;udk vlwpfa,muf\
rsuf E smud k M unh f ? *k P f u d k x d e f ; tm;emvd k Y
ra&;oifyh g/
(* - *)
Salai Lian Cung Lian u-
]] AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf OD;0rf;udka[mudk
NAw
d o
d Qtpd;k &trIxrf;tjzpfrEIS wx
f u
G f csi;f a&;&m
0efBuD;tjzpf ta&G;cHNyD;rS vufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef
tBuaH y;onf/Adv
k cf sKyaf qmifqef;tBuaH y;onfh
twdik ;f csi;f a&;&m0efBu;D tjzpfta&G;cH&Ny;D 1947
ckEpS f rwfv (21)&ufaf eYwiG f Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;
a&SUrSm yifvHkpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonf[k
azmfjyonf/ (ChinWorld Journal, Vol. 1, No.11,
2013, P 10, 11) 'Dpmydk'fudk Munfhaomtcg 1947
ckEpS f azazmf0g&v
D 12 &ufrS 1947 rwfv 21
89
&ufaeYtMum;jzpfysucf ahJ omudpj zpfouJo

h 1947
Ykd
rwfvrSmyifwdik ;f jynf\vTwaf wmfud,
k pf m;vS,u
f kd
a&G;cs,cf yhJ gonf/ OD;0rf;udak [mcsi;f a&;&m0efBu;D
r[kwyf g/awmifwef;a'otkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mXme
0efBu;D -'k-wdik yf ifc0H efBu;D (od)Yk Adv
k cf sKyu
f mADeuf
rDepD wmac:jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D jzpfonf/0efBu;D udk
p0f a &T o d k u f - &S r f ;
(yxrqH k ; or w )
ucsiw
f ikd yf ifcaH umifp0D ifqr;'l0gqif0g;aemifjzpf
csif ; twd k i f y if c H
aumif p D 0 if
OD;Akr;f ac:a[muf0efBu;D ESihf 'k-0efBu;D [kqkd &rnf/
Mum;jzwftpd;k &tzGUJ vnf;[kac:onf/ Cung Lian
a&;om;aom pmaMumif ; wpf c sKl d U u d k jyef v nf
&Sif;jyvdkygonf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;a&SUrSmyif
yifvHkpmcsKyf oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;udk
a&SUaemufqufpum; roHk;oyfvdkY jzpfrnf[k
,lqygonf/ yifvHkpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;udk
Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;wpfa,mufEiS vl
hf wpfa,mufu
oabmwl a&;xdk;EdkifwJh pmcsKyfrskKd; r[kwfyg/
xdo
k o
Ykd mrubJ OD;0rf;ac:a[mufEiS hf yifvpkH mcsKyf
90
oabmwl v uf r S w f a &;xd k ; jcif ; ud k ol E S i f h

rqdkifaomudp rvkyfoifhaom tvkyf jzpfonf/
olu
Y pum;j
kd
yeftqifo
h mcsi;f trsK;d om;ud,
k pf m;jyK
tkyyf ;D (Chiefs) rsm;vnf;r[kwyf g/ordik ;f trSeu
f kd
trS e f w k d i f ; a&&r,f M um;oavmuf awG U o
avmuf a &;cJ h v Qif pma&;ol aoaomf v nf ;
ol a 7;aom pm wpf o uf r aobl ; vd k Y
ordkif;trSeftem *wfumvrSm jynfvnf&bdkY
rvG , f b l ; vd k Y oif a &;aom pmud k pmES i f h b J
jyefvnf&Sif;jyvdkygvdrfonf/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
[dkwef;upmcsKyfESiaxmuf
fh
cHpmudarS
k mifcdkESir&
fh
'DacwfrmS olrsm;udkrajymESiq
hf o
kd vdkr[kwb
f ;l /
csif ; trsKd ; om;tm;vH k ; ud k , f p m;jyK
yifvHkpmcsKyfoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;ol tkyfyD;
(apmfbmG ;)oH;k a,mufomjzpfonf/
2/ OD;0rf;udka[m'ktwdkifyifcH0efBuD;jzpfwJhtaMumif;
(u-u)
Pi Luan Za Cing pmtkyr

f -S ;
1947ckEpS ?fazazmf0g&v
D 12&uf&ufaeYwiG f
91
yifvHkpmcsKyfNyD;cJh rwfvwGif wD;wdefNrdKUe,frS

awmifwef;a'orsm;aumifpD (Hill Supreme Peoples
Council) tpnf ; ta0;od k Y wuf a &muf r nf h
ud k , f p m;vS , f w pf a ,muf u d k wD ; wd e f N rd K U
tm;upm;uG i f ; jynf o l v l x k r J q E j zif h
a&G ; cs,f c J h o nf / Pu Vum Khaw Hau ud k
tkyyf ;D rsm;jzpfMuaom Pu Pum Za Mang (Tonzang),
Pu Thawng Za Khup (Saizang) ESifh Pu Thuam
ZaMang (Mualbem) uaxmufcH S.T. Hau Go
udk qdkif;Zefaus;&Gm Kham Khaw Tual tqdjk zifh
jynfov
l x
l u
k axmufccH yhJ gonf/Adv
k rf LS ;tGe;f iif;
(Awn Ngin) uzvrf;rSmemrnfpm&if;yda
Yk wmhrnf/
vlxu
k Hau Go BuKd uo
f nf/tkyyf ;D apmfbmG ;rsm;u
Vum Khaw Hau BudKufonf[k us,favmifpGm
atmf[pfonf/OD;0rf;udak [mu S.T. Hau Go udk
cif r sm;bk & m;ocif t rI a wmf aqmif c J h y g/
igEd k i f i H a &;vk y f c J h r nf [ k q d k u m zvrf ; txd
OD;odef;armif (D.C) vdkufcJh yifvHktpnf;a0;
rSmvnf;wufa&mufco
hJ nf[q
k ykd gonf/ (S.T.Hau
Go Tang Thu ordik ;f ? Yangon, 2010. P 135)
92
'D p mwrf ; ud k 'k w d , yif v H k t pnf ; ta0;

rwufcifrmS awmifwef;a'orsm;yl;aygi;f a&;aumfpD
tpnf;ta0;&Sdovm;/ pma&;olvnf; rodyg/
odaYk omfta&;Bu;D u Pu Vism Khaw Hau Tedim
e,f a pmf b G m ;tm;vH k ; u a&G ; cs,f j cif ; ud k
rdom;pktrsKd;tEG,fjzifh Sukte rsKd;EG,fjzpfaom
S.T.Huw Go ra&G;cs,c
fw
hJ mjzpfygonf/Edik if aH &;?
vl r sKd ; a&; acgif ; aqmif t wG u f rsKd ; awmf ?
aqGrsK;d ra&TUboif
J ah wmfou
l a&G
kd ;jcif;onftkyyf ;D (3)
a,mufuav;pm;cs
kd
;D usL;ygonf/
(c-c)
Pu Zahre Lian u;-
1947 ckESpf yifvHkpmcsKyftNyD; rwfvwGif

zvrf;NrdKU vlxkqErJjzifh OD;odef;armifOD;pD;aom
vl x k q E r J j zif h awmif w ef ; a&;&m0ef B uD ; 'k twd k i f y if c H csif ; ud k , f p m;jyKwpf a ,muf u d k
a&G ; cs,f c J h o nf / pD ; Zef e ,f r S vl x k r sm;pG m
wufa&mufcyhJ gonf/ Pu Vun Khaw Hau urJ87 ? Pu Tial Dum u rJ - 7 ESifh Pu Van Thu
Mawng rJ - 1 &
Pu Vum Khaw Hau udk
93
csi;f twdik yf ifcH (Deputy Countsalor, Not Cousitlor)

jzpfvmcJhonf/ Pu Vum Khaw Hau u a'ocH
rwly;D cdik cf \JG (Seat) rJqEe,futod
kd ray;yJoH;k
NyKd icf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/t*Fvyd pf mESi;hf
" Vum Khaw Hau Offered his Candidacy to represent Matupi Sub-Divisoon without Consulting any
member from that region. This misstep in
reprensenting Matupi Without their consent cost.
Vum Khaw Hau an important role when the Constituent Assembly members later formed Chin Affair
Council" (Zahre Lian of Burma, 2000p.80) ' Pi Luan
Za Cing a&;aomtaMumif;ESiquf
hf pyfygonf/
(* - *)
Dr. Vum Son um;"Dr. Vum Khaw Hau is clevered that instead of offered to Tedim, he offered Hight School to
Thuklai,for this reason the next term he lost his
condidatecy for M.P (Pyithuh Luat Taw). (ZoHistory,
wD ; wd e f N rd K UrS m
txuf w ef ; ausmif ; xm;rnf h t pm; xk w f v d k i f
AiZawl,
1982)
94
(NrKd Uc)JG rSm xm;ay;aomaMumifh 'kw,

d a&TaumufyJG
I;kH cJo
h nf[rSk wcf suaf y;onf/vTwaf wmfuvnf;
vlxktrsm;qHk;qErJrMunfhbJ oifhawmfaom
a'oMunfNh y;D cdik Nf rKd U? NrKd Ue,fcJG ausmif;? aq;H;k
awmif;qdak y;oifo
h nf/
csif;trsdK;om;aeYESifhcsif;jynfe,faeY xl;jcm;csuf
csi;f trsKd ;om;aeYukd 1948 ckEpS f azazmf&v
D 28
&ufaeYrpS csi;f trsKd ;om;aeYzvrf;NrKd U?csi;f trsKd ;om;nDvmcH
usi;f yonft
h csed rf pS owfrw
S jf cif;jzpfonf/yifvpkH mcsKyrf S
jzpf a y:vmaomtrsd K ;om;aeY vnf ; jzpf o nf /
csi;f jynfe,faeYu1947
kd zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'?yk'rf 196udk
tajccH1947ckEpS zGf UJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yk'rf 30(c)t&
yk'fr 31 (u) jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme\
10.4.1974 &ufpGJ pmtrSwf 2^199^ tx (2) jzifh
csi;f jynfe,ftjzpf owfrw
S cf ahJ om aeYjzpfonf/ xdak Mumifh
csif;trsdK;om;aeY ESifh csif;jynfe,faeYwkdYonf &ufpGJrwl?
t"d y g ,f v nf ; rwl a y/
csif ; trsd K ;om;aeY u d k
jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H w k d i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm;xJ r S
csi;f trsKd ;om;rsm;\aeYjzpfonf/
95
ed * H k ;
csif;trskKd;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (3)a,mufjzpfaom
tkyyf ;D rsm; Pu KioMang, Pu HlurHmnung ESihf Pu Thawng Za
Khup u yifvHkpmcsKyfoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;onf
ordkif;trSefyifjzpfonf/ Dr. Vum Khaw Hau a&;aom
vuf r S w f u d k ol Y u d k tpnf ; ta0;rS w f w rf ; wif
csi;f trsK;d om;ud,
k pf m;jyKaomyifvpkH mcsKyv
f ufrw
S r[k
f w[
f k
,lqygrnf/OD;0rf;udak [muolu
Y kd Siyin Council ESifh Chin
leader's
Legue
ud k , f p m;
yifvHktpnf;ta0;wufa&mufonf[k
ol u d k , f w d k i f a &;om;onf 1947-1948 tMum;
csif ; trsKd ; om;tm;vH k ; tzG J U t pnf ; aumif p D a omf if ; ?
tzGJUtpnf;tjzpf vlrsKd;EG,fpkudk,fpm;jyK wpfzGJUawmifrS
zGUJ pnf;&efcufcaJ omtcdsejf zpfonf/,cktcgjynfov
l x
l \
k
rJ q E e ,f r S
a&G ; cs,f & aom
vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f r sm;trwf w csKd U u rJ & NyD ;
jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf ? 0ef B uD ; H k ; rS m xd k i f w J h t cg ol Y u d k
a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufaomjynfov
l x
l rk sm;rdomG ;avonf/
96
usr;f Te;f -us,jf yefUpmG avhvmvdak omolrsm;twGuf

OD;xGe;f atmifcsed ?fwkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ta&;ESi1947
hf zGUJ pnf;yHtaj
k ccHOya'yxrwG J ? &ef u k e f N rd K U jref r m tvif ; yH k E S d y f w k d u f 1989-pm 201)?
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D apmarmiftrdet
Yf & orkid ;f trSejf yefvnfxw
k af 0aompmtkyf jzpf
OD ; ausmf 0 if ; ? OD ; jrod e f ; ES i f h OD ; od e f ; vI d i f w k d Y u jyKpk o nf / jref r mh o rk d i f ;
okawoeXme)/
Salai Van Cung Lian, Chin World Journal vol. 1, No. 11,
Yangon, 2013, p. 10, 11, Myanmar version
Rev. Dr. Steven Hre Kio, Zahre Lian of Burma, Chiangmai;

Manide Press, 2nd Edition. 2000,p.53.
Robert Sing Lian, Chin National Day and National Duty; No.1
Tedim B.E.H.S, Golden Jubilee Magazine, 1948, 1998, p. 567,
442.
Dr. Vumson, Zo History-----
97
Aizawl, 1982.p.
---------- Chin National Day Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine, 1948- 1998 Yangon. p. 9, 10).
Zolai
-------- Tonzang Golden Jubilee Magazine, 1970-2000.
p. 96.
---------- Gam Ngai 21st Centenary Thanksgiving Magazine, Gam Ngai 2008. p. 639.
Pu Tual Khaw Mang, Sukte Chronicle, Vol. XV. Yangon. 2011.

p. 21.
Pu Cin Khen Zam, Sukte Chronicle, VII, Vol. VII, Yangon,

2005. p. 11.
Pi Luan Za Cing, ST Hau Go' Tangthu, Yangon, 2010. p. 135.
98
2/ vlenf;pkESifh vlrsm;pktcGifhta&;
ur m U vl o m;rsm;\ tk y f c sKyf a &;pepf ?
vlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;wGif vlenf;pkESifh vlrsm;pkjyemudk
ajz&Si;f bdtcuf
Yk
q
f ;kH wpfcv
k nf;jzpfonf/'Dru
kd a&pDpepfwiG f
vltrsm;pk(vlO;D a&rsm;)\qH;k jzwfcsu^f rJay;axmufcjH cif;
(75%)udtaj
k ccHxm;onf/odaYk omfvlenf;pk(vlO;D a&)rsm;
umuG , f a &;Oya' rjy|mef ; cJ h y gu ppf r S e f a om
'Drdkua&pDpepfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'[k jy|mef;cJhaomfvnf;
rd r d a &;qG J a om zG J U pnf ; yH k t ajccH Oya'ud k
qefu
Y sijf cif;vnf;jzpfonf/
1947 ck E S p f zG J U pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'
(rlMurf;)a&;qGJwJhtcgrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u qdkAD,uf
trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif Stalin a0g[m&udT
k e;f jrefrmjynfrmS
vlrsK;d Bu;D [kac:qx
kd u
kd u
f &Skd r;f vlrsK;d omjzpfonf[kqdo
k nf/
vlrsK;d Bu;D [laomfpum;&yfukd tdE,
d vlrsK;d rsm; Zmwfav;rsK;d
(Caste)
r[k w f y g/ bmom pum;wpf c k ?
99
jynfaxmifpkwpfckwnfaxmifol?
tkycf sKyaf &;pepfwpfcak tmufrmS aexdik o
f [
l q
k o
kd nf/
'Drdkua&pDpepfqdkayrJh vlenf;pk? vlrsm;pk (trsm;?
tenf ; ud e f ; )tajccH qH k ; jzwf t wnf j yKjcif ; ud k rzG H U
NzdK;ao;aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf ae&mwdkif;rSm
roHk;oifhbl;? zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'u jy|mef;aomfvnf;
vlenf;pktcsif;csif; bmompum;? udk;uG,fonfhbmom?
d;k &m"avhx;kH pHrwlouJo
h vl
Ykd rsm;pkrsm;vnf;rwlyg/
atmuf y gazmf j yaom Z,m;rsm;ud k avh v mNyD ;
vl e nf ; pk E S i f h vl r sm;pk w d k Y \ tm;omcsuf \ &v'f u d k
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;tm;vH;k twGutus
f K;d oufa&mufjcif;?
tusKH ; 0if j cif ; rwl b l ; vd k Y awG Y & rnf / 2008
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yk'fr (13) wdkif;a'oBuD; (7)ckwGif
wdik ;f a'oBu;D vGwaf wmfwpf&yfpED iS jyhf nfe,f(7)jynfe,fwiG f
jynfe,fvw
G af wmfwpfcpk &D o
dS nf[jyk Xmef;xm;ygonf/
100
vlOD;a&
wEdkifiHvHk;rSm &Srf;ESifh ArmvlOD;a&tenf;qHk;jzpfvdkY
vlrsK;d Bu;D jzpfaomaMumifh&Sr;f jynfe,f?wdik ;f a'oBu;D (7)ESihf
aejynf a wmf j ynf a xmif p k e ,f a jrud k o m tk y f c sKyf a &;?
tcGif;ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;ay;cJhvQif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'ovnf ; r[k w f o nf h t wG u f zG J U p nf ; yH k t ajccH v nf ;
qefu
Y si&f ma&mufonf/vlenf;pktrsK;d om;jynfye,f?a'orsm;
rzG H U Nzd K ;cJ h a omf v nf ; ol w d k Y v nf ; jref r mEd k i f i H o m;?
jref r mh e ,f a jrjzpf v d k Y jref r mjynf q if ; &J a eao;onf [ k
qdk&rSmjzpfonf/ vlenf;pkaygif;rS twdkuftcHygwDtjzpf
pnf ; H k ; cJ h a omf v nf ; jynf a xmif p k p epf E S i f h zG U J
pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qefu
Y sijf cif;jzpfonf/
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pHk (136)rS trsKd;om; (8)
pOf
vl r sKd ;
wpf E d k i f i H v H k ; vl O D ; a&\
wpf E d k i f i H v H k ;
&mcd k i f E I e f ;
1/ &Sr;f
8.5 % &Sd
2/ u&if
7% 2rsKk ;d
3/ &cdik f
4.5% 1rsK;d
4/ rGef
2.41% 1rsK;d
5/ ucsif
1.51% *siaf zmf
6/ csi;f
1.5% jrefrm (R-TV-Laizo)
7/ u,m;
1.7%
8/ jrefrm-tif'D,ef;
1.3% jrefrm
9/ wkwf
rsKd;
101
rsKd ; EG , f p k u G J
bH k p um;
vl O D ; a&
33
60oef;
11
7
1
11
51
9
1.5%
10/ tjcm;vlrsKd;EG,fpk
6.9%
11/ Arm^jrefrm
44% jrefrm
102
bmoma&;
bmoma&;rSmvnf;Ak'b
momjrefrmjynfvOl aD &;oef;
60 xJrS oef; 45 ausmfjzpfonf/ wjcm;bmom0if rsm;udk
od e f ; 40 ausmf a vmuf j zpf o nf / boma&;t&
vlenf;pktcGit
hf a&; rNy;D bJ? BuKd uw
f hJ ae&mrSm apwDyx
k ;kd
csi;f awmifrmS wnfaqmuf?rBuKd u&f ifvuf0g;um;wdik zf supf ;D ?
rG w f p vif A vD z suf q D ; ? bmoma&;apmf u m;cJ h v Qif
wurmonft0dkif;jzpfaomfvnf; uGefysLwmacwfjzpf
ud k , f v uf x J r S m ur m &S d o uJ h o d k Y jynf w G i f ; rS m
vlenf;pk'kuay;jcif;udk uGif;qufjzpfvm c&pf,mef?
rG w f p vif ? [d E L ed k i f i H o k d Y jyef Y y G m ;rnf / Ed k i f i H j cm;a&muf
jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;u'kua &mufrnf/
vlenf;pk udk;uG,fonfhbmom 2012 cefYrSef;

1/ Ak'b
momud;k uG,o
f l
103
45oef;
2/ c&pf,mef?rGwfpvif?[dEL?ewfudk;uG,fol
40ode;f
3/ wjcm;bmom0if
10ode;f
pD;yGm;a&;
Oyrm ucsifjynfudk <u,f0aom jynfaxmifpktzGJU
jynfe,fjzpfonf/ odkYaomf csif;jynfe,fudk tqif;&JqHk;
jynfe,fjzpfonf/ pDrHudef;wpfckrSm EdkifiHjcm;ukrPDu
vkyfief;tjrwf jynfe,ftpdk;&u tjrwf (20 %) &rnf[k
od&o
dS nf/csr;f omaomjynfe,fEiS qif
hf ;&Jaomjynfe,fcpH m;?
&ydik cf iG rJhf cq
JG ;kH jzwfyguOya't&jzpfonf[q
k kd wlnrD nf[k
rJay;tEdik &f rSmjzpfonf/
ppfwyfOD;a&
,aeY
jref r mh w yf r awmf o m;OD ; a&;?
wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkESifh jrefrmpum;ajymol yg0ifjcif;
uG m [vG e f ; onf / &mxl ; cef Y j yemvm;? boma&;?
vlrsKd;a&;cGJjcm;jcif;aMumif;vm pOf;pm;oifhonf/ EdkifiHjcm;rS
ppfwyfvufeufudkifrsm; (Oyrm) vmcJh&if b,folonf?
104
b,f v l r sKd ; onf u tcJ t cuf y xrBuH K &rS m vJ ?

wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d EG,pf ?kvlenf;pkrsm;u1947rS2013txd
wdik ;f rSL;tqif?hAdv
k cf sKyBf u;D tqifb,f
h EpS af ,muf&Srd nfenf;[k
pOf;pm;wGuMf unfb
h v
Ykd ykd gonf/ Adv
k cf sKyaf tmifqef;ajymovdk
[dw
k ek ;f uvlu,aeY
kd vlr[kwb
f ;l ?vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d tMum;rSm
pdwrf cs&aMumif;vnf;jzpfwwfonf/jrefrmhwyfrawmfvm;?
umuG,fa&;wyfrawmfvm;?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmhwyfrawmfvm;?
jrefrmtrsK;d om;wyfrawmfvm;?wyfrawmfzGUJ pnf;yHu
k v
kd nf;
vdw
k mwpfc&k o
dS vm;vdpOf
Yk ;pm;ygonf/
1935 ppfom;pm&if;
pOf
vl r sKd ;
ppf o m;OD ; a&
1/
Arm
427
2/
u&if
1448
3/
csi;f
868
Ed k i f i H a evl O D ; a&;
75.11%
9.34%
2.38%
4/
881
5/
161
105
ucsif
1.05%
tjcm;vlrsK;d ESihf Edik if jH cm;om;
9.74%
Ed k i f i H t rnf
jynfaxmifpjrk efrmEdik if EH iS jrhf efrmEdik if t
H "dyg ,rf wlb;l ?
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHA[dkbPfESifh jrefrmEdkifiH A[dkbPf?
jrefrmvlrsK;d ESijrhf efrmwdik ;f &if;om;?Edik if o
H m;t"dyg ,w
f yl govm;?
jrefrmaiGusyaf y:Adv
k cf sKyf yk yf ?kH wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;u
Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; om jrwf E d k ; vG w f v yf a &;zcif ?
yifvHkpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&; xdk;oljzpf[k tav;xm;onf/
jcaoFh yk yf u
kH wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;udvH
k ;k 0tusK;d ray;?
Edik if aH &;acgiaf qmifvnf;r[kw?fvlwpfa,muf\kyyf v
kH nf;
r[k w f [ k cH , l y gonf / bmoma&;twG u f v m;?
Adv
k cf sKyx
f uftusK;d ay;vdydYk rk Ekd pS o
f ufwmvm;?rodao;yg/
vlenf;pkaygi;f rSvlrsm;pk?vlrsK;d Bu;D ?Edik if ?H jynfaxmifpjk zpfay:
vmonf[roif
k yh g/
wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pHkyg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom
106
jynfe,f 7 ckxJrSm bHk;pum;r&Sdao;olrsm;u jrefrmpm?

pum;oHk; udk,fa'otvdkuf bmompum;oHk;cJhonf/
olwpYkd mESipum;ays
hf
mufu,
G rf ;DS rSed af omvlrsm;vnf;&So
d nf/
Ak'b
momudk vltrsm;pku;kd uG,af om bomjzpf
wjcm;bmomrsm;u cG i f h j yKonf / od k Y a omf evwud k
Ak'b
mom0ifrsm;rStywjcm;bmom0ifrsm;utcGit
hf a&;r&yg/
Ak ' b momawmif w ef ; a'oomoemjyKrsm;\ vuf w G i f
xm;cJ h o nf u d k awG U &onf / vl e nf ; pk r sm;twG u f
tcG i f h t a&;r&S d y g/ Ak ' b mom0if r sm;u vT w f a wmf r S m
rJ c G J q H k ; jzwf & if a wmh
vl e nf ; pk j zpf a om
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u (Ak'bmom0ifr[kwfol)
tNrw
J rf;I;H &rSmjzpfonf/
ppf o m;ud k Munf h a omtcg 1948 rpcif
t*Fvyd af cwfEiS 1952
hf tMum;rSmwdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;udk
Ad k v f c sKyf ( Ad k v f r S L ;BuD ; ? Ad k v f B uD ; &S d a omf v nf ; ,ck t cg
jref r mwd k i f ; &if ; om; (Arm)om Ad k v f c sk K yf E S i f h txuf
wdik ;f rSL;rsm;jzpfonf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfEiS hf Edik if jH cm;rS ppfvmcJ&h if
vlenf;pkrsm;xufvlrsm;pkrsm;uppf'PfcH&rnfjzpfonf/\
jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H w k d i f ; ES i f h j ynf e ,f
107
Ed k i f i H t rnf
wnf a xmif o l
1/ &cdkifwdkif;
18261948wdkYwGifyHk
2/ yJcl;wdkif;
1852tajccHOya'yk'rf
3/ weoFm&Dwikd ;f -1
18261rS7
4/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f -2(rGe)f
19721974 zGJUpnf;yHk
5/ {&m0wDwdkif;
1881tajccHOya'yk'rf
6/ rauG;wdkif;
1886y30rS31
7/ rEav;wdkif;
18862008 zGJYpnf;yHk
8/ ppfudkif;wdkif;
1886tajccHOya'yk'rf
NAdwdoQtpdk;&
ck E S p frSr Sw f c suf
EdkifiH
jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiH
Adkvfcskyfatmifqef; 1947^1948
wd k i f ;
wd k i f ; trnf
/
/
AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;
/
/
/
/
108
9/ &efukefwdkif;
19749-44?50?56
10/ csif;0daoowdkif;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
1947
jynf e ,f t rnf
jynf e ,f
1/ &Sr;f jynfe,f (jynfaxmifp1k 922)
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
1948
2/ ucsifjynfe,f
/
1948
3/ u&ifjynfe,f
/
1948
4/ u&ifjynfe,frS
/
1948
u,m;jynfe, f
OD;Ek
1952
5/ rGefjynfe,f
1974
6/ &cdkifjynfe,f
/
1974
7/ csif;jynfe,f
/
1974
ud k , f y k d i f wk d i f ; â'otrnf Ad k v f c sKyf r S L ;BuD ; oef ; a&T
2008
tk y f c sKyf c G i f h
a'o^wd k i f ;
1/
/
2/
/
3/
/
4/
/
5/
/
6/
/
109
em* - ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f rS

"Ek - &Sr;f jynfe,frS
ytdik ;f - &Sr;f jynfe,frS
yavmif; - &Sr;f jynfe,frS
ud;k uef - &Sr;f jynfe,frS
]0}udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;
- 1947ckEpS rf zGS UJpnf;aomjynfaxmifpt

k zGUJ0ifjynfe,frsm;udk
trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;jzpfyifvpkH mcsKyt&
f ay;tyfaom
jynfe,fjzpfonf/
- 1974 ck E S p f r S zG J U pnf ; aom jynf e ,f r sm;ud k
trsK;d om;jynfe,ftjzpfvufaqmifay;ovdjk zpfonf/
- 2008ckEpS rf zGS UJ pnf;aomud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oESihf
wd k i f ; ud k etztpd k ; &ES i f h vuf e uf u d k i f w yf z H k ; rsm;
110
ypfq&J yfa&;twGuuwd
f ay;twdifk ;f trsK;d om;a'oESihf
wdik ;f jzpfonf/vTw
T af wmfq;kH jzwfrvdtrd
k eaYf Munmjzifh
&uHaumif;onf[qd
k &k ygonf/
3/ cGx
J u
G cf iG jhf yKrS cGx
J u
G cf iG rhf jyK Nidr;f csr;f a&;azmfaqmifoYkd
Ed k i f i H w d k i f ; rS m cG J x G u f c G i f h O ya'jyXmef ; bl ; ?
cGJxGufcGifhrjyKaomfvnf; cGJxGufcGifhawmif;? cGJxGufcGifhjyK
cG J x G u f c G i f h a wmif ; r&? cG J x G u f c G i f h j yKaomf v nf ;
cGJxGufcGifhrawmif;aomvlenf;pk EdkifiHtoD;oD;rSm&Sdaeonf/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifvnf;
uJ h o d k Y c G J x G u f c G i f h O ya'jyXmef ; cG J x G u f c G i f h r ay;
jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;? cGJxGufcGifhrjyK? qEjyqlylaomif;usef;rI?
ykefuefrI&Sdonf/xdkjyemudkajz&Sif;&ef
Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifcJh wpfEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh
Nird ;f csr;f a&;&,l&efBuKd ;pm;aeygonf/
Ed k i f i H a wmf w nf N id r f a &;? Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;&zd k Y
wu,fvt
kd yfaomjyemwdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuw
kd yfzUJG
(17)rsm;ES i f h OD ; od e f ; pd e f t pd k ; &u 2015 ck E S p f
ruk e f c if r S m ajz&S i f ; Ed k i f r vm;[k pOf ; pm;p&mjzpf o nf /
vG w f v yf a &;&NyD ; rS
yif v H k p mcsKyf j yef a rT ; wm?
111
Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmifvkyfaqmifwm
ppfrSefaomNidrf;csrf;a&;&rSmr[kwfbl;?
wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJU (17) wdkYu vlenf;pkrsm;?
jyem? ygwD a cgif ; aqmif r sm;? Ed k i f i H a wmf o moemjyK
(acgi;f aqmif)rsm;?jynfov
l x
l o
k ef;60ausm\
f Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk
OD;odef;pdeftpdk;&ESifhvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&SdrSmvm;? 2015 ckESpf
aemuf y d k i f ; rS tajzrS e f u d k awG U &rS m jzpf o nf /
vufeufuikd w
f ikd ;f &if;om;tzGUJ rsm;onfwdik ;f &if;om;(a'ocH)
vl r sKd ; rsm;\ ud k , f p m;jyKjzpf o nf [ k q d k a omf v nf ;
jynfolvlxk\axmufcHrItjynfht0r&ygu Nidrf;csrf;a&;
azmf a qmif r I \ tcsuf r sm;ud k
vuf e uf u d k i f
wyfzUJG rsm;twGuo
f mjzpfonf/
cG J x G u f c G i f h j yK w J h u mv
1947ckEpS zGf UJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yk'rf -(201
rS 204) cGJxGufcGifhjyXmef; cGJxGufcGifh jyXmef;aomfvnf;
(10)ESpt
f wGi;f rawmif;qd&k [lt"dyg ,&f onf/
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
&Srf;jynfujynfaxmifpktzGJU0if jynfe,ftjzpf &Srf;jynfe,f
112
zG J U pnf ; rnf / &S r f ; u (10) ES p f t wG i f ; rS m

cGJxGufcGifhawmif;cJhvQifqdk&if wdkufypfrnf[kNcdrf;ajcmuf
acsmh v nf ; acsmh o nf /
1947
cGx
J u
G cf iG [
hf al ompum;&yf\t"dyg ,u
f Adkd v
k cf sKy&f nf&,
G cf suu
f
]]jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH}} udk wnfaxmif (zGJUpnf;) jcif;udk
ta&;BuD ; qH k ; jzpf a omaMumif h
wd k i f ; &if ; om;
(awmif w ef ; a'ovl r sKd ; )
vl e nf ; pk r sm;
pnf;Hk;a&;\ed,mromjzpfonf/ csif;? ucsif? &Srf;? u&ifeD
wd k Y u
,H k M unf o nf /
od k Y a omf
vuf a wG U taumif t xnf r azmf r l t &omjzpf o nf /
jynf e ,f u d k o m& wd k i f ; tqif h x uf tk y f c sKyf a &;?
zGNYH zKd ;a&;enf;vGe;f onf/
jrefrmjynfvGwfvufa&;&yHkpHESifh
tdEd,jynf\vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;ygupwefu
cGJxGufcGifhawmif;qdkrIESifhrwlbl;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
jrefrmjynfr (Mother Land/ Province State) (odkY)
jrefrmbk&ifrsm;\e,fajrudk NAw
d o
d Qtpd;k &u 1947 ckEpS rf mS
vGwv
f yfa&;ay;rnf/ odaYk omfcsi;f ? ucsi?f &Sr;f ? u&iferD sm;
oD;jcm;tkyfcsKyfNyD; rzGHUNzdK;wJhtxd (Hong Kong uJhodkY )
113
tk y f c sKyf o G m ;rnf j zpf o nf / Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; u

e,f a jrus,f j yef Y z d k Y jynf a xmif p k w nf a qmuf z d k Y u d k
ol Y & nf & G , f c suf j zpf o nf / xd k Y a Mumif h 1947 ck E S p f
zG J U p nf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'rS m cG J x G u f c G i f h j yXmef ; aomf v nf ;
jynf a xmif p k r S j ref r mEd k i f i H t jzpf o d k Y jyef v nf a c:qd k j cif ;
Adv
k cf sKyt
f ouf&iS af eao;aomfvnf;1947-1952?19882005 jyemud k cG J x k w f o D ; jcm;jynf a y;jcif ; ES i f h
ajz&Si;f rSmr[kwb
f ;l /aygi;f Ny;D rSjyefEw
k Adf v
k cf sKyv
f rf;Terf [kw/f
raygif;cifrSmcGJxGufjcif;awmif;qdkrIudk
twl w uG v G w f v yf a &;&zd k Y ta&;tBuD ; qH k ; jzpf o nf [ k
uJo
h aYkd jymonf/&Sr;f uwpfz?kH ucsiu
f wpfz?kH csi;f uwpfzkH
awmif ; qd k cJ h v Qif igwd k Y \ vG w f v yf a &;yef ; wd k i f
a&mufrmS r[kwb
f ;l [kqdck b
hJ ;l w,f/(1947zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccH
Oya'yk'rf Murf;)
tdE,
d jynfvw
G v
f yfa&;&jcif;udygk upwefu
oD;jcm;rlqvifEdkifiHwnfaxmifjcif;udk
vdv
k m;ftEd ,
d jynfvw
G v
f yfa&;&wJt
h cgvGwv
f yfa&;&&jcif;
cGx
J u
G rf nf[&nf
k &,
G cf o
hJ uJo
h ta&S
Ykd Uygupwef(b*Fvm;a'h&)fS ?
taemufygupwef (,ckygupwef) cGx
J u
G cf o
hJ nfjzpfonf/
114
ygupwefudk twlwuG tdEd,jynfESifh vGwfvyfa&;,l

cGJxGufcGifhjyKaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH\ cGJxGufcGifhjyKonf
[ l a o m t " d y g , f u d k
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwnfaqmuf&efomjzpfonf[k
odzdkYvnf;vdkvdrfhrnf/ 2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yk'fr(56)
yk'rf cG(J u)rS(p)ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oESiwk
hf id ;f azmfjycJo
h nf/
Ed k i f i H a wmf u
vuf a qmif a y;ouJ h o d k Y
Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;twG u f a y;jcif ; omjzpf o nf / od k Y a omf
vd k t yf w m&S d a o;ovm; Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;azmf a qmif a &;
aqG;aEG;aeqJjzpfonf/
pOf p m;&ef a r;cG e f ;
cGJxGufcGifhjyKjcif;onf jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
rwnf N id r f a &;ud k zef w D ; ay;aomOya' jzpf o nf [ k
qdo
k nfph um;&yfonfreS o
f vm;/ rSeo
f nf[q
k ckd v
hJ Qif 1948
rS 1962 ck E S p f t Mum; atmuf y gjyemrsm;
bmjzpfvjYkd zpfay:vmoenf;/
(1) 1947ckEpS Zlf vikd 19
f &ufaeYrmS bmjzpfvODYkd ;apmtzGUJu
Adv
k cf sKyt
f pd;k &tzGUJ uvk
kd yBf uo
H wf
115
jzwfcJhwmvnf;/ cGJxGuf&csifvdkYvm;? tmPm&csifvdkYvm;/

OD;apmESio
hf cifApdeu
f vef'efrmS
vufrw
S rf a&;xd;k cJo
h enf;/
(2) 1948ckEpS vG
f wv
f yfa&;&Ny;D aemuf KNDO (KNU)
ucGx
J u
G zf aYkd wmif;wmvm;/Auy?
Armh w yf r awmf ( trS w f - 3) ygwD r S cG J x G u f j cif ;
bmjzpfvdkYjzpfay:vmwmvJ?olwdkYucGJxkwf&ef
r[k w f tmPm&wpf E d k i f i H v H k ; tk y f c sKyf & ef
&nf&,
G jf cif;jzpfonf/umuG,af &;0efBu;D Adv
k rf LS ;Bu;D
vufusfm EkwfxGuf? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf(AdkvfcsKyfprpf'Gef;)
EIwfxGufjcif; bmaMumifhjzpfwmvJ/
(3) 1962
ck E S p f r S
Ad k v f c sKyf a e0if ; \
tmPmodrf;jcif;taMumif;&if;udkbmvJ/cGJxGufa&;Oya'
aMumif h r [k w f b l ; /
OD ; Ek u
EdkifiHa&;ESifhbmoma&;a&maESm bmoma&;udkckwHk;vkyfum
pnf;
Hk;a&;vIyf&Sm;rIudk Ak'bmomudktBuD;qHk;jzpfatmif
vkyaf qmifaomaMumifjh zpfonf/oHCmawmf
rsm;udkvnf; auseyfatmifvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;r&Sd?
116
vlenf;pkrsm;vnf;rauseyf?tpdk;&tzGJU?
ygwD a cgif ; aqmif r sm;vnf ; EI w f x G u f c J h o nf /
ppfwyfutmPmodr;f onf[al ompum;&yfukd
pma&;olu ]]tmPmodr;f }} rqdo
k if[
h ,
k q
l onf/
OD;EkuEdik if aH wmfuud
kd ik w
f ,
G af jz&Si;f vdYk
r&wJ h t cg rD ; avmif a eaomEd k i f i H a wmf u d k
AdkvfcsKyfae0if;urD;Nidrf;owfouJhodkYjzpfonf/
ppf w yf u ul n D u muG , f j cif ; yif j zpf o nf / od k Y a omf
Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D ae0if;u1947ckEpS zGf UJ pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'udk olt
Y wGuEf ikd if aH &;vrf;Tet
f jzpftusK;H r0if
rudik w
f ,
G w
f wfzsupf ;D cJo
h nf/
aomif;usef;olydkrdkrsm;jym;vmonf/
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHESifhxdef;odrf;jcif;udk Nird ;f csr;f a&;&vm;/
ppftmPmESifhxdef;odrf;jcif;udk ta&;BuD;vm;qdkwm
ar;p&mrvd1988
k
ckEpS ta&;tcif
f
;rSm
tajzay:vmonf/
Ad k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; u
1947
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm cGJxGufcGifhta&;jyXmef;cJhjcif;udk
wu,f h v uf a wG Y r S m ay;rnf r [k w f ? pnf ; &H k ; a&;om/
117
qdkAD,ufjynfxmifpkacgif;aqmif (Stalin) EdkifiHa&;0g' udk

oH;k jcif;jzpfonf/qdAk ,
D ufjynfaxmifpu
k Oya'jyXmef;ouJo
h Ykd
cGx
J u
G cf iG ahf y;,ck&&k mS ;jynfwpfcw
k nf;usecf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/
1947ckEpS rf 1962
S ckEpS t
f xd14Mum1947
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& cGJxGufcGifh jyXmef;onfhtwdkif;
wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;ucGx
J u
G cf iG ahf wmif;qdck ahJ omfvnf;
cGx
J u
G cf iG rhf ay;? awmif;qdck suu
f v
kd nf;ray;? ay;rnft
h pm;
1947 zG J U p nf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'zsuf o d r f ; ? 1988ck E S p f r S
ppftmPmpepf (Junta) oH;k Ny;D 2010txdtkycf sKycf o
hJ nf/
umuG,af &;qdak omzGUJpnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'udik f 2008zGUJpnf;yHk
t a j c c H O y a ' E S i f h
wyf r awmf u muG , f a &;vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f (25
&mcdkifEIef;) u AdkvfcsKyfae0if;\ vlenf;pktcGifhta&;udk
ajratmufrjS rKy?fzH;k uG,af omOya'udu
k mxm;jcif;ESiw
hf o
l nf/
xd k Y a Mumif h ,ck v uf e uf u d k i f wyf z G J U (17)ck E S i f h
tpd;k &Nird ;f csr;f a&;azmfaqmifjcif;vdv
k m;aeonfjzpfonf/
&JaoG;xufu-;
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118
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jzpf o nf / td r f a qmuf a omtcgwG i f v nf ; tpf u d k B uD ;
csif;wdkYjyefvmaomtcg tdyf&ef tdyfcef;wpfcef; ukwifESifh
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d nf/
3/
161
csif;u ucsifrsm;udk tdrfcJGay;jcif;
1997ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 15-19 &ufaeYtxd 116

Burd af jrmufjynfah omjrefrmEkid if HESpjf cif;toif;awmfaumifpD
(MBC)tpnf;ta0;udcsk i;f jynfe,f\NrKd Uawmf[m;cg;NrKd UwiG f
usif ; ycJ h y gonf / ucsif E S p f j cif ; aumif p D rS ( KBC )
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; Rev. Sah Buai Chum uOD;aqmifchJ
ygonf / rsm;pG m aom ucsif r sm;wuf a &muf r nf [ k
pD&ifcahJ omfvnf;Adv
k csf KyBf u;D cifneT Uf ucGirhf jyK[qd
k yk gonf/
KBC (Kachin Baptist Convention) ESifh ZBC (Zomi Baptist
Convention) acgif ; aqmif r sm;tpnf ; ta0;oD ; oef Y j yK
vk y f c J h y gonf / xd k t pnf ; ta0;wG i f
KBC,
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; Rev. Sah Buai Chum ua&SUOD;pGm
pum;ajymqdck &hJ m]]csif;rsm;udk igwkdY ucsifvlrsdK;rsm;\ ppfrSefaom
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162
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tdrcf jJG cif;ay;rnf?vufaqmifvnf;ay;rnf[oabmwl
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Hakha Nrd K U Zion Baptist Church rS m KBC ES i f h ZBC
acgi;f aqmifrsm;yg0ifaomcsi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;unDi,fucsiw
f t
Ydk m;
tdrfcGJay;jcif; tpnf;ta0;usif;ycJhonf/ KBC bufrS
vufbuf&nfEiS rhf ek Yf auR;cJo
h nf/ KBC u armif; ( Gong)
vufarmif;wpfq,fxmG wpfv;kH udk ZBC-Vice President, Pu
Van Kyi vufovuf
Ykd aqmiftarGay;tyfco
hJ nf/ Pu Van Kyi
u tacguf wpf&m BuD; xkcJhonf/
ZBC rsm;uvnf;
td r f a xmif c G J t arG t jzpf nD i ,f u csif wd k Y u d k
EGm;aemufrESiu
hf av;uday;tyf
k
co
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Yd vnf;"g;tdrf
wpf j crf ; ud k ,aeY r S p "g;td r f w pf j crf ; roH k ; bJ ?
csef x m;aomtd r f c ef ; oD ; oef Y ud k v nf ; rxm;&S d y g&ef
rSmMum;cJo
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ukwifwpfcak y:wiG twl
f wt
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h nf/
ZBC
163
4/ ucsifwkdYu tpfudkBuD;csif;wdkYudk rarhao;bl;/

1954ckEpS w
f iG &Sf r;f jynfe,fwiG jrf efrmppfom;rsm;eSihf
ArmjynfuGejf rLepfwyfzUJG rsm;jyif;xefpmG wku
d cf u
dk cf MhJ uonf/
xdw
k u
dk yf w
JG iG jrf efrmppfom;rsm;&H;I xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smifco
hJ nf/
jrefrmppfom;xJwiG csf i;f vlrsKd ;oH;k a,muf Capt. Hniar Ceu
ESifh tjcm;ESpfa,mufudk Auywyf q,fhESpf a,mufu
zrf;qD;cJo
h nf/xdck si;f vlrsKd ;oH;k a,mufwu
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d cf o
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xJ r S
ucsipf pfom;(KIA)oHk;a,mufu aoewf ( G3) jzifh Auy
wku
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Yd aoewfukd xrf;cdik ;f
eD;pyf&m&Gmwpf&mG wGixrif
f ;auR;cJo
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xrif ; pm;pm;yG J B uD ; wpf vH k ; rS m 0d k i f ; xk d i f
ucsipf pfwyft&m&Sw
d pfa,mufucsi;f Capt. Hniar Ceu tm;
164
ar;cG e f ; wpf c k u d k ar;cJ h o nf / igwd k Y o H k ; a,muf u k d

bmvl r sd K ;xif o vJ [k ar;cJ h o nf / csif ; u
]]oifwkdYoHk;a,mufudk igwkdYcsif;vlrsdK;rsm;\nDi,f ucsif
vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfaMumif; rSefuefpGm odonf}}[k jyefajzonf/
ucsif p pf w yf uvnf ; igwk d Y o H k ; a,muf u vnf ;
oifwo
Ydk ;kH a,mufutpf
kd uBkd u;D csi;f ( Khang)vlrsKd ;rsm;jzpfonf
[k od a omaMumif h wjcm;vl r sm;\ vuf x J r S m
raoqH;k apcsiaf omaMumifvmu,f
h
jcif;jzpfonf[jyk efajym
onf/csi;f ppfom;oH;k a,mufuvnf;0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGm
rsuf&nfus avonf [k qdkonf/ (nTef;- Dr. Kham Do
Nang ESizvrf
hf ;NrKd Ue,forOD;pD;rSL;OuX Capt. Hniar Ceu
wdkYESifhawGUqHk;pum;ajymjcif;1978)/
165
tcef; 9
"KUKI-CHIN-ZOMI-MIZO-NAGA" NATIONALISM
Chin Comprises (53) different ethnic groups (by the
Government of Myanmar)- Department of international
Affairs & Research, Ministry of Defense, Myanmar) rS
aumufEw
I cf su/f
1. Chin
2. Meithei (Kathe)
3. Saline
4. Ka-lin Kaw (Lushay)
5. Khumi
6. Awa Khami
7. Khuano
8. Kaungso
9. Khuangsai Chin
10. Khualsim
11. Khuangli-sim
12. Gunte (Lente)
13. Guite
14. Ngawnte
15. Zizam
16. Senthang
17. Saizang
18. Zahau
19. Zotung
20. Zophei
21. Zo
22. Zahngiat
23. Tapawng
24. Tedim
25. Teeizang
26. Taisun
27. Thahdo
28. Thor
29. Dim
166
30. Daai (Yindu)

31. Naga
32. Tangthul
33. Malin
34. Panun
35. Magun
36. Matu
37. Miram- Mara
38. Mi-er
39. Mgam
40. Lusei
41. Laymyo
42. Lente
43. Lautu
44. Lai
45. Laizo
46. Zakim (Miro)
47. Hualngo
48. Anu
49. Anun
50. U Po
167
168
51. Linbu
52. Asho
53. Rawngtu
qvkid ;f usJtb
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csif;vlrsdK;EG,pf k 53 oH;k ck owfrw
S af omfvnf; wcsdKUursdK;EG,ef mrnf
(Nam)rsm;ESihf a'o&Gm emrnfrsm;udk vnf;yg0ifonf/ jynfaxmifpk
or w jref r mEk d i f i H a wmf u csif ; vl r sd K ;EG , f p k r sm;ud k jyef v nf
ppfaq;oifhonf[k ,lqygonf/ Oyrm- uoJ vlrsdK;rsm;onf
Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;jzpfonf/ em*vlrsKd ;uvnf; csi;f vlrsKd ;tjzpfjiif;qdck o
hJ nf/
csif;vlrsdK;xJrmS vlrsdK;EG,pf w
k pfcsdKUudk jrefrmtpd;k & Oya't& vlO;D a&
ig;aomif; igaxmif xufrenf;aomvlrsKd ;EG,pf rk sm;udk vlrsKd ;wpfrsKd ;tjzpf
owfrw
S Ef idk o
f nf/ xdak Mumifh csif;vlrsdK;EG,pf rk sm; wGif NrdKUe,ftqif?h
c&kdiftqifh?
jynfe,ftqifh?
jynfaxmifpktqifh?
bmompum;ESiv
hf Ol ;D a&udk MunfNh yD; vlrsdK; tjzpf owfrw
S o
f ifo
h nf/
pma&;ol t aejzif h ? vl O D ; a&oH k ; axmif x uf e nf ; aomtxuf y g
csi;f vlrsKd ;EG,u
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vlOD;a&wpfaomif;xufrsm;aom vlrsdK;EG,frsm;udk c&kdiftqifh
v l r s d K ; t j z p f a o m f v n f ; a u m i f ; ?
ig;aomif;xufrsm;aombmompum;wlvrl sKd ;rsm;udk jynfe,ftqifh (od)Yk
jynf axmifpkvlrsdK;EG,fpkrsm;wGif tqifhqifh owfrSwfoifhonf[k
169
,lqygonf/ Oyrm- rD;Zdk&rfjynfe,fESifh rPdyl& jynfe,fwkdYwGif

jynf e ,f v l r sd K ;rsm;ES i f h wk d i f ; &if ; om;vl r sd K ;rsm;[k ES p f r sd K ;&S d o nf /
rD;Zdk&rfjynfe,frSm rD;ZdkvlrsdK;? vkdif? vdk&IJ? rm&m? rm&f? ykdifoJ
jynfe,fvlrsdK;tjzpfowfrSwfonf/
uJo
h cYkd sif;vlrsdK;EG,pf o
k wfrw
S jf cif;onf wkid ;f &if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;xJrmS
vlrsdK;trnfESifhjyem&SdrSmr[kwfbl;/ vlrsdK;BuD;vnf; jzpfvmrSm
r[kwb
f ;l / bHpk um;wpfc&k zdt
Yk wGuv
f nf; rvG,q
f ;kH enf;vrf;jzpfonf/
1. KNA-KUKI NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Thado - xm;'d;k (omwd;k )[laomtrnfuk d tESpf 376
bD p D c ef Y u p emrnf&SdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ waumif;acwf ?
[efvif;acwfwiG v
f nf; omwd;k [ka&; rif;quf(8)ck? rSee
f ef;&mZ0ifwiG f
awGU&Sd onf/ (Oyrm) Dawt Pau, Dawt Jang, Jam Mang, Ja
Khan, Khan Lon, Let Khai; ESifh wjcm;) odkYaomf Thado
pum;ajymolu Thado xuf AD 1780 cefYrSm Cachar-India rS b*F g vD pum;u "KORKI" awmif a y:om;?
awmxJvlrsKd;[k t"dyg,f&aompum;? t*Fvdyfu "KUKI"
[k ac:qdjk cif;udk a&G;cs,faomaMumifh jrefrmhordik ;f rSm Thado
aysmufq;kH "KUKI" tjzpfusef cJo
h nf/ 1940 ckEpS f ManipurLamka rS m vl r I a &;toif ; zG J U pnf ; Khuul Union
zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ Ou| Tiba-KiLong-Kom jzpfonf/ odYkaomf
170
Pu Zavum (Excutive Council of the Government of
u Khuul tpm; "KUKI" a&G;cs,f

bH k p um;twG u f
"Thado"
pum;
omoH;k rnf[t
k qd&k adS omaMumifh (Dr. Vumson, Zo History) xdkESpfrSp csif;vlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;rS "KUKI" ,aeYtxd
oD;jcm;cGJxGufcJhonf/ KNA udk KNO ESifh ac:qdk
KNA=KUKI National Army vnf;&Sdonf/ Kuki-Chin,
Thado Kuki, Manmashi-Israel [lvnf;&So
d nf/ tzGUJ wGif
1965 ckEpS rf mS wyf&if;wpfck (Bn-En Za Khup) trnfo;kH
MNF/A rSm yg0ifcJhonf/ Hmar, Paite, Naga, Meitei ESifh
rwnfh &efjzpfcJhzl;onf/ uluD;udk Chin vlrsKd;tm;vHk;
(Naga, Zomi, Mizo) ac: qdjk cif;jzpfonf[k ,lqaomfvnf;
em* NSCN rsm;aMumif h ,ck t cg Thado
pmum;ajymolrsm;om usef&pfcJhavonf/ Tedim NrdKUe,f
Cimmuai rS Manipur a&muf a omvl r sKd ; EG , f p k r sm;
trsKd;om;rsm; jzpfonf/ Manipur jynfe,frSmrJqEe,fajr
5 yHk 2 yHk & vlO;D a& 4 ode;f ausmfNyDjzpfrnf[k ,lqygonf/
Thado (owd;k ) vlrsK;d rsm;udk TEDIM vlrsK;d EG,p
f rk sm;jzpfonf/
Burma, 1947)
2. CHIN - trsKd;om;vIyf&Sm;rI
1965 ckESpf? arv 5 &ufaeYwGif AdkvfcsKyfae0if;u
171
tmPmodrf;? tpdk;&tzGJU (52) zrf;? 1963 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv 13

&ufaeYwiG f ygvDrmefzsuo
f rd ;f ygwDaumifpu
D kd ppft&m&Sd (17)
OD;yg0if tpd;k & zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ 1964 ckEpS ?f {NyDv 9 &ufaeYwiG f
jynfolydkifypnf;odrf;? usyfaiG 100 wef &Guf? (50)wef&Guf
zsufodrf;onf/
ACFO - Anti - Communist Freedom Organization
uGefjrLepfqefYusifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJU
csif;acgif;aqmifwcsKdUu zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ 1962 ckESpfwGif
ygvDrmeftrwf? vTwaf wmftrwfwcsKUd ESihf Lt.Col Son Khaw
Pau wdkY tdEd,jynfe,fpyf a&mufcJhNyD;? 1964 ckESpfrS Thual
Zen, Hrang Nawl, Son Cin Lian, Dam Khaw Hau,
tzGJUa&mufcJhonf/ Tun Khaw PumPangnuam-Lamka u 1962 ckESpf? rwfv 6 &ufaeYwGif

ta&S U ygup w ef E S i f h
axmuf y H h u l n D a &;
oabmwlnDrI&&SdcJhNyDjzpfonf/ 1964 ckESpf? arv 5 &ufrS
Tun Khaw Pum u OD ; pD ; ta&S U ygup w ef o d k Y
ppfoifwef;wuf&ef 30 a,muf oGm;cJo
h nf/ vufeufwpfcsKUd
Riffle 10 vuf ? Stengun 1 vuf ? Granade 30
ygvmcJhonf/ Pu Tial Khal wdkY (CNF Founder) tzGJUESifh
CLA=Chin Liberation Army zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ vrf;rSm UGC
Mang Khan Pau
172
= United Government of Chin zGJUpnf; Pu Tun Khaw

Pum 0efBuD;csKyf? umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf Gen-Son Khaw Pau,
EdkifiHjcm;qufqHa&;Xme0efBuD; Pu Hrang Nawl jzpfonf/

1964? Zlvdkifv 17 &ufaeYwGif Tedim NrdKU? Suang Kua rS
ercwdik ;f rSL; Lt. Col. Van Kulh cdik rf if;BuD;? Pu Thawng
Cin Thang csif;OD;pD;tzGUJ Lt. Col. Putpa OD;pD; Thual Zen
tzGJUESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDrI aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
tvif ; 0if v mol r sm;ud k v nf ;
axmif r cs&[k
tpdk;&uuwday;cJhonf/ odkYaomf wjznf;jznf;tzrf;cH
td E d , tpd k ; &ES i f h
jref r mtpd k ; &uvnf ;
e,f p yf v uf e uf u d k i f w yf z G J U rsm;
zrf ; qD ;
jrefrmjynfodkYydkYcJhonf/ MNF uvnf; Tun Khaw Pum
pnf;Hk;r&aomaMumifh ygupwefrStjyef? Kawnpui
tpnf ; ta0;usif ; yNyD ; aemuf tus,f c sKyf j zif h 1967
aoqHk;onftxd csKyfaESmif cJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh Pu Son Cin
Lian wdkYtzGJUESifh vIyf&Sm;rItqHk;owfonf/ NAGA (NCC)
Mr. Phizo u ulnDcJhonf/
yxr - CNF = Chin National Front
1967 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 27 &ufaeYwGif MUA =
173
Mizo Union Assembly Aizawl NrdKUrSm usi;f y MUA Ou|?

Pu Ch.Saprawga, PNC=Paite National Council Ou| Pu
Vung Khom-Manipur CNF Ou| Pu Heng Mang-MaraMizoram wdkYudk
wufa&mufcJhonf/(Khup Za Go, Rev,

Leivuipan, 2004 p.25) CNF vIyf&Sm;rIESifh atmifjrrIudk
tao;pdwf&Sif;jyvdkYr&aomfvnf; Mizoram jynfe,frSm
Lakher Lai Regional udk ,cktcg Lai Autonomous District Concil ESifh Mara Autonomous District Concil &&Sd
Mara ESifh Lai vlrsKd;rsm; tultnDay;onf/ Mizoram
jynfe,frSm Mizo vlrsKd;tEG,fpkwGif todtrSwfjyKonf/
Paite ESihf Hmar uvnf; ADC udv
k v
kd m; awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/
CNF wnfaxmifonfhESpf MumNyDvdkYod&Sd&onf/
'kwd, - CNF
1988 ck E S p f ausmif ; om;ta&;tcif ; rS p
zG J U pnf ; cJ h o nf / tpu csif ; trsKd ; om;rsm;u
axmufcHaomfvnf; csif;jynfe,ftqif;&JqHk;jzpfouJhodkY
quf a umuf ( aiG a Mu;tcG e f )
awmif ; ?
tjypfrjhJ ynfov
l x
l u
k o
kd wfjzwf csif;jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f u
2000 ESpfaemufydkif; vHk;0qefYusif aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
ZRA-Zomi Re-Unification Army uvnf ; ZRO
174
e,fajrjzpfonf [k owday;onf/ tpd;k &\ todtrSwjf yKaom

vufeufudkifwyfzGJU CNF om&SdaomaMumifh tpdk;&opf
OD;odef;pdefvufxuf 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (6) &ufaeYwGif
Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;oabmwl n D c suf p mcsKyf tcsuf (9)yg
jynfe,ftpdk;&ESifh vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonf/ 2012 ckESpf?
Edk0ifbmv 27 &ufaeYwGif MPC ESifh &efukefNrdKUwGif
awGUqHkcJhygonf/ olwdkY atmifjrifrIudk tem*gwfumvrSm
wjznf ; jznf ; awG U &rS m jzpf o nf / CNF/A rsm;ud k
csi;f trsK;d om;ud,
k pf m;jyK tpd;k &todtrSwjf yKaom wpfcw
k nf;
vuf e uf u d k i f w yf z G J U rsm;jzpf ,ck p ma&;wJ h t csd e f r S m
ppf w yf p k a qmif ; a&;? avh u sif h a &;oif w ef ; vnf ;
&SdaaeqJonfjzpf trSm;? trSef olwdkY\vkyforQ odorQudk
azmfjy&eftcsed rf wefao;bl;/ a&;rnf qdv
k Qif tjzpftrSeu
f kd
a&;vd k Y &onf /
pma&;ol u
vufeufudkifwyfzGJUr[kwfaomfvnf; eD;pyfolrsm; udk
ar;onf/ pmzwfonf/ owif;pkaqmif;onf/ wGefZefNrdKUrSm
5 wef;wufwkef;u oli,fcsif; wpfa,mufvnf; CNF rSm
t&m&Sdwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ Nagaland Mokok Chung
ta&;tcif; 1986 rSmvnf; Naga-NSCN-IMESifh K tzGJU?
ppf y G J x J r S m CNF 3 a,muf q H k ; oG m ;onf /
qH;k oGm;aompma&;ol\oli,fcsi;f wpfa,muf (Steven ac:
175
Falam) u vufaqmiftwGuf tuswpfxnfay;cJh zl;onf/
2001-2003 &efuek f YTS ausmif;wufwt

hJ csderf mS q&mBuD;
Pu No Than Kap vnf ; CNF(No Tinkap) Ou |
a[mif;wpfa,mufjzpfonf/ (,ckcsi;f a&;&m0efBuD;-ppfuikd ;f )
rme,fyavmpcef;rSjyefvmNyD; rS Ou|ae&m,lonf[q
k o
kd nf/
jyemwjznf ; jznf ; pwuf
wyf w G i f ; &mxl ;
tajymif;tvJ&o
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trsdK;om;vIyfSm;rI
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ft
k m;vH;k udk ZOMI a,bk,strnf
(Generic name ) jzifh aG;cs,fco
hJ nf/ odUk aomf jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 1974 zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJonfhtcg
ZOMI u axmufcHrJ&aomfvnf;? ajrjyefUcsif;u ]]csif;}}
(CHIN) udkomvdkvm;uefYuGuf ,aeUtxd ]] CHIN }}
trnf u d k o H k ; onf /
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csif;trsdK;om;rsm;ESpfcsif;c&pf,meftzGJUcsKyftrnf ZOMI
Baptist Convention (ZBC) uae 2013ck E S p f ? {NyD v
1&ufaeUwGif 21ESpfajrmuf oHk;ESpfwpfBudrf tpnf;ta0;
uav;Nrd K U
Chin
Baptist
Convention
[kemrnfajymif;vJcJhonf/ Association-28 yg0if USA rS
3.
ZOMI -
Rev.Dr.Chung Lian Hup
176
ES i f h R ev Chum Awi
udkvnf;aumif;?MBC ESifh Kachin Baptist Convention

rSvnf;wufa&mufcJhygonf/
ZOMI trsdK;om;rsm;u ZOMI BudKufaomfvnf;
olwdkUtzGJUtpnf;rSm pnf;kH;a&;nHhonf/ csif;BudKufaom
Falam,
Hakha
acgif ; aqmif r sm;uJ h o d k U
jynfolvlxkuacgif;aqmifrsm;pum;
av;pm;vdu
k ef mjcif;rd?S wjcm;vlrsm;\ajrmufay;jcif;?&mxl;wd;k jriS jhcf if;udk
ES p f S n f v k y f u d k i f E d k i f r nf h t&nf t csif ; d S o uJ h o d k U
t,l t qd S w wf o nf / xd k U aMumif h 1995 ZBC
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfaG;cs,fjcif;rcH&aomaMumifh
ZBCM jzpfay:vm ZBC uae Association ZBA (wpfn)
Thado Tamu Valley Baptist Association (wpf&uf) TBA
(wpfep
S )f ESihf TTBA, TVBA, KZBA, CTBA ,aeUtxd ZBC
uae ZBCM rSm&yfwnfcJhonf/ ZOMI BudKufaomfvnf;
TBA tzGJUu ZBC ESifh ZBCM udkbufrvdkuf&yfwnf
2001rSm Association oHk;ckzGJUpnf; Tedim Baptist Convention wnf a xmif c J h o nf /
ZBCM onf
MBCtzGUJ 0iftjzpfy0
f if&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; xdt
k csed f MBC
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; Rev.Dr.Simon Pau Khan En
uuefUuGuo
f nf/ 1995ckEpS ?f TBA,TTBAbufrZS BCGS
177
r&aomaMumifh jyem ajzSif;&eftwGuf KVBA rS

Rev,Tuang Khan Kap cefUxm;cJo
h nf/ olu ZBC,TBA,
ZBCM tMum;jyem rajzSif;Edkifyg/ ol U owf w rf ;
vnf ; uk e f
ZOMI
tzG J U vnf ;
vlOD;a&wjznf;jznf;tm;enf;cJhonf/ TBA bufu ZBC
twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf emrnfwifoiG ;f aom Rev. Thawng Khan
Cin udF
k BA u t&nf;tcsif;rdS aomaMumifh rJay;axmufcH
jcif; rdS[kqdkcJhonf/ ZBC rSm 1995 aemufydkif; SRBA
(Sihzang), ZBA (Zo), TAB (Tedim) ES i f h KVBA /
KVBC(Kalay), TTVBA (Thado Tamu) usefao;onf/
ZOMI [kac:qdkjcif; vkdvm;aom vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh
ZBC rSmusefao;onf/ ZBC ESifh MBC, ZBCM ESifh TBA
(,ck TBC) jyemajzSi;f &ef MBC G/S Rev. Dr. Simon
Pau
Khan
En
cef U xm;onf /
tvSnu
hf svlrsdK;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? t&nftcsif;jynfph
kH
aomf v nf ; aummif ; aG ; cs,f j cif ; r[k w f y g/
ol U vl r sd K ;rsm;tMum; jyemajzS i f ; &ef o m&nf G , f
cef U xm;jcif ; jzpf o nf
[k o d & S d & onf /
olajzSi;f cJo
h nft
h csuu
f (1)ZBCM udM
k BC rSmConvention
tzGUJ 0ifwpfct
k jzpf todtrSwjf yK&ef uefUuGujf cif; (2) MIT
ausmif;0ifciG hf ZBCM ausmif;om;rsm;cGirhf ay;jcif; (3) TBA
178
ud k MBC Convention tzG J U 0if t jzpf a omf 4 if ;

&&eftwGuBf udK;pm;NyD;&cJo
h nf/Rev. Smith Ngul Za Thawng
uvnf ; MBCtzG J U 0if r [k w f a ompma&;ol ZBCM
toif;awmfu2kd 004rSmMCCG/S axmufcpH mray;yg/ 2010
Tedim Cope Jubelee rSp MBC todtrSwfjyK Convention xuf ]] ZOMI }} [laomtrnfuo
kd m ta&;BuD;onf[k
em;vnfaomtcg GZA Global Zomi Alliance Ou|tjzpf
Rev. Dr. Simon Pau Khan En wm0ef , l
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; Rev. Dr Chin Do Kham jzpf USA
rS m 2013 ck E S p f ? atmuf w d k b mv 23
&ufaeYwGifqHk;oGm;onf/
ZBCM vnf;rBudKuf? ZOMI BudKufaomfvnf;
SRBA (Sihzang) ZBA, (Zo) TTVBA (Thado) wdYu
k kd CHIN
BAPTIST CONVENTION rSmuseaf o;onf/ 1995 ckEp
S ?f
cGgqwf&mG tpnf;ta0;rSm a&G;cs,rf nft
h zGUJ csKyf ZBC, ZBCM
ES p f c k o m a&G ; cs,f y d k i f c G i f h & S d w J h t csd e f r S m ZBC
tzGJUcsKyfrSmaomfvnf;aumif; ZBCM rSmaomfvnf;aumif;
TBA rS m aomf v nf ; aumif ; ryg0if a om ZBC rS m
usefaeao;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tzGJUcsKyftrnf 2013
ck E S p f r S m ZOMI tpm;? CBC utpm;xd k ; 0if
EG m ;aemuf N cH p nf ; d k ; um0if ovd k 0if a omaMumif h
179
bmrSrwwfEdkifyg/ xdkYaMumifh ZBCM odkYvnf;r0if CBC

udkvnf;rBudKuf? TBC vnf; ZOMI xufus,fjyefYaom
vlrsKd;trnftzGJUcsKyfr[kwfaomaMumifh tMumBuD;pOf;pm;rS
wpfcsKdU CBC rS m wpf c sKd U TBC rS m yg0if c J h y gonf /
trsK;d om;vIy&f mS ;rIrmS bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;yg0ifjcif;udk
b,fbmomrS t,l0g'ESifh rudkufnD/
,ck v uf & S d t ajctaerS m ZOMI, ZOMI
[k q d k a omf v nf ; Tedim e,f b uf u d p t wG u f o m
emrnfusefouJo
h Ukd jzpfvmonf/ SRBA ESihf ZBA udk CBC
rSm usefao;onf/ "ZOMI" emrnf oHk;aom vlrsKd;trnfcH
ZBCM ESifh ZCD om tm;ul;xdkuftqifhom&Sdao;onf/
ZOMI udk b,fEp
S af ,mufu w&m;0ifvufco
H enf;qdw
k m
tajzud k 2014 ck E S p f ? rwf v oef ; acgif p m&if ;
aumuf N yD ; rS o d r S m ygjzpf o nf /
apmif h a rQmf & rS m
rdrdudk,fudktjypfwifrSjzpfr,f/ olrsm;udk tjypfrwif&/
ol r sm;\&nf & G , f c suf vk y f a qmif c suf a tmif j rif j cif ;
r[efYwm;&? rdrd&nf&G,fcsuf atmifjrifbdkY ta&;ygcJhvQif
b,folrqdkpnf;Hk;ulnD&ef vpfvsLrIr&SdygESifh/
trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh rsKd;EG,fpkuGJtzGJUpnf;
aemufyikd ;f rSm a'otvdu
k f vlrsK;d trnf? vlrsK;d EG,u
f ?JG
ZOMI
180
pum;rsKd;EG,fpk tzGJUtpnf;rsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ 1940

ckESpfrSp Khuul Union rS KuKi zGJUcGJxGufaomtcg
vlrsKd;trnfxuf pum;EG,fpkjzifhcGJ vlrsKd;trnf[kcH,lum
tzGUJ tpnf;trsK;d rsK;d jzpfay:vmonf/ pnf;H;k a&;uRr;f usio
f l
acgif ; aqmif A d k v f c sKyf a tmif q ef ; uJ h o d k Y vl y k * d K vf ?
*EDuJhodkYacgif;aqmifBuD; r&Sdbl;vdkYjzpfonf/
1942 rS 1953 txd csi;f udo
k m csi;f jynfe,fwiG o
f ;kH ?
Mizoram wGif Lakher (Mara), Pawi (Lai), Hmar, Paite
(Zomi) jzpfay:vm? Lusei tpm; MIZO District vnf;
1954 ckEpS w
f iG f ajymif;vJac:a0:cJo
h nf/ 1958 ckEpS w
f iG f TYL
= Tedim Youth Legue pwif? Manipur wGif 1960 ckESpf?
'DZifbmv 17 &ufaeYwGif TCU Tedim-Chin Unoin
zGJUpnf;? 1970 ckESpf? ZGefv 29 &ufaeYwGif Sukte tpm;
Tedim-Chin ajymif;vJay;&ef tpd;k &xHawmif;qdc
ko
hJ nf/ 1952
ckESpfwGif Paite Federation zGUJ pnf;? 1902 ckEpS w
f iG f PNC2004 ckESpfwGif PTC=Paite Tribe Council [kac:onf/
1945-1956 tMum;rSm rPdyl&wGif Paite, Hmar, Tedim,
Lusei, Vaiphei, Zo, Simte, Gangte, Thado, Kom, Baite,
Zou [l bmompum;t&cGjJ cm; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;udk "National" [ka&;cJhonf/ Khup Za Go (qHk;)u
tBuH a y;cJ h o nf /
olYpmtkyfrSm
vl r sKd ; EG , f r sm;ud k
181
trsKd;om;emrnfwpfckoHk; oifhaomvlrsKd;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf;
bmompum;t& cGJjcm; vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;omjzpfonf/ olwkdY
tm;vH;k u "National" oH;k onf/ "Tribe" udo
k ;kH "National"
wpfcw
k nf;&So
d ifo
h nf[k rdeYfMum; cJb
h ;l onf/ ,cktcg 2004
aemufyikd ;f rSm KUKI yg0ifaom "National" wpfco
k ;kH Paite,
Tedim, Vaiphei, Gangte, Simte, Zou, Baite, Kom, Thado
wdkYu "National" tpm; "Tribe" oHk; xdk "Tribe"

tzG J U tpnf ; toD ; oD ; ud k ZOMI National Council
vufatmuf (ZOMI Council) rSm tzGJU0ifjzpfcJhygonf/
vl e nf ; pk t cG i f h t a&;
rpOf ; pm;ygu
wjznf;jznf;aysmufu,
G rf nf[k ,lq ygonf/ OD;Ekuvnf;
v l e n f ; p k t c G i f h t a & ;
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f^ygwDtzGJUvlenf;pk xdkifcHk? &mxl;
ray;bl;vdkYcGJxGufjcif;? ykefuefjcif; &Sdonfjzpfonf/
csi;f vlrsK;d rsm;u rtkycf sKyw
f wfaomfvnf; trsK;d om;pdw"f mwf?
olBuD;pdwf"mwf&Sd xdkifcHkrufvGef;aomvlrsKd;jzpfonf/
trsKd;om;rsm;
vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif ynmt&nftcsif;r&Sdolrsm;udk
pnf ; H k ; bd k Y r cuf y g/ od k Y a omf v l r sKd ; EG , f p k rsm;xJ r S
ynmt&nftcsif;jrifhrm;vmaomtcg tawGUtBuHK?
ZOMI
182
tjrifus,faomtcg
trsKd;om;rsm;
pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;ysufjym;apatmif
tzG J U tpnf ; zG J U (wnf a xmif ) onf / b,f v l r sKd ; rqd k
jynf o l v l x k upr[k w f acgif ; aqmif u p
vlrsK;d uGjJ ym;jcif;jzpfay:avh&o
dS nf/
H iG v
f nf; csif;vlrsKd;rsm;udk
bmompum;EG,fpkuGJrsm;? tajccH vlrsKd;EG,fpktjzpf
todtrSwfjyKcH&aomaMumifh
vl r sKd ; a&;jyemrjzpf o if h w J h [ mud k jzpf w wf o nf
udkawGU&onf/ csif;jynfe,f(9)NrdKUe,ftrnfudkoHk;
vlrsKd;(9)rsKd;[k todtrSwfjyKoifhonf/ xdkodkY r[kwfvQif
bmompum;t&r[kwf? vlOD;a& 50000 xufrydkaom
bmompum;wl r sm;ud k
Ed k i f i H a wmf u
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;pm&if;wGifrxnfhoifh
bmompum;pm&if ; wG i f o mxnf h o if h o nf / Ad k v f c sKyf
atmif q ef ; uvnf ; vl O D ; a& 3000 xuf e nf ; aom
vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k vl e nf ; pk [ k (Schedule Tribe List)
owf r S w f c J h v Qif
vl e nf ; pk t zG J U uG J
rsm;rnf j zpf o nf [ k q d k c J h z l ; onf / ,ck t cg UNO u
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; trsKd;om; (National) vlOD;a& 50000
xufrenf; owfrSwf jrefrmtpdk;&u vlOD;a& 55000
183
xufrenf;udk vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&onf[k

od&Sd&onf/ EdkifiHwum usrf;pm toif; (UBS) u
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd; vlOD;a& 3000 jynfhaom vlrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk
olwdkYbmompum;jzifh usrf;pmbmomjyefay;onf/
ZOMI trsKd ; om;rsm;ud k vl r sKd ; wpf r sKd ; tjzpf
tod t rS w f j yK&ef
t&nf t csif ; jynf h o vm;/
bmompum;uGJjcif;omjzpfovm;/
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[ktodtrSwfjyK&ef vlOD;a&jynfhpHkovm;[k
atuf y gtwd k i f ; Munf h & rnf / xd k v l r sKd ; EG , f p k r sm;u
ol w d k Y bmompum;ES i f h usrf ; pmpmay&S d a omtcg
igwdYk vnf;vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d vlrsK;d BuD;[k ,lqajymqdak omaMumifh
vlrsKd;a&;jyemjzpfay:vmonf/
1/
TEDIM
bmompum;EG , f p k v l r sd K ;rsm;
(NrdKUe,fvlrsdK;EG,fpk)
1. Zo 2. Thado
5. Vangteh
6. Losau
8. Khuano
9. Phaileng
3. Teizang
4. Sihzang
7. Lamzang
10. Dim
11.Ngawn
12 Vaiphei
13. Paite
14. Gangte
15. Simte jzpfonf/
jrefrmqdkS,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDu -;
1. Dim
2. Khuano
3. Hualngo
Saizang
184
5. Tedim 6. Sihzang
7. Teizang
8. Thado
9. Vangteh
10.
Zo [ka&;onf/ (Sing Khaw Khai, The Culture and Customs of Indegenous Races of the Union of Burma - Chin,
Rangoon, BSSP Press, 1963P.66)
txuf y g
Tedim
vl r sd K ;
Tedim
pum;ajymvlrsdK;EG,pf [
k k a&;om;aomfvnf; wcsdKUu Tedim
vlrsdK;rdS GmemrnfomdSonf/ Tedim NrdKUe,ftrnfcH
vlrsdK;[kac:qdkjcif; jiif;qdkcJhonf/ tajzudkrcufyg/
tajzSmenf;trSefrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
1/
Tedim vlrsdK;? Tedim - Chin tdEd,tpdk;&
vlrsdK;pm&if; (rsdL;EG,fpkpm&if;) trnf
Manipur jynfe,ftpd;k &rS H;k rSmar; csi;f jynfe,ftpd;k &H;k rSm
oGm;ar;rSygu
tajztrSefodrnf/ TEDIM
vlrsKd;tpm; TEDIM NrdKUra&;bl;/
2/
txuf y g Zo utp Simte ud k a 'o?
GmtajccH bmompum;uGJjym;jcif;aMumif;
vlrsdK;trnf jzpfvmonf/ ,cktcg vlrsdK;pm&if;trnf
(Tribes List) tjzpfvlOD;a&
rsm;vm
todtrSwfjyKcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
3/
Hualngo u Tedim vlrsdK;r[kwfyg/
185
odkYaomf ZO (ZOMI/MIZO) jzpfonf/

4/
bmompum;uGJjym;vlrsdK;[k
cGJjcm;jcif;r[kwfyg/ TEDIM vlrsdK;[kac:qdkjcif;udk
CiimNuai
rS x G u f d S v maom
vlrsdK;trnftpm;toHk;jyKjcif; bmompum;rsm;pGm
aygif;zGJUpnf;aomvlrsdK;trnfjzpfonf/
5/
oif o nf
Tedim
vlrsKd ;r[kw[
f jk iif;qdo
k nfreS o
f nf/odUk aomfoifbmvlrsKd ;[k
ac:qd k w mvJ ?
oif \ vl r sd K ;xJ r S
bmompum; b,fESpfrsdK;dSoenf;/
NrdKUe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;
a'ot&aomf v nf ; aumif ;
bmompum;
t&aomfvnf;aumif;
vl r sd K ;trnf ]]
TEDIM }} [kac:qdjk cif;jzpfonf/
( Some tribes reject to be called TEDIM Tribe
but they are only single of dilect groups family, but
TEDIM tribes means many Compromise dilect groups
of Tribe name.)
2/
PAITE
rsdK;EG,f^ pum;ajyol
1. BukpiPau 2. DapzaalPau 3. KhuathakPau
186
4. LamzangPau 5. LosauPau
NgennungPau 7. TeizangPau
8. TedimPau 9.
TuichiapPau 10. VaipheiPau

(Refference :- PAITE TRIBES COUNCIL, 1949
Lamka, Amend 2004)
1960 ck E S p f a vmuf r S m Guite ygaomf v nf ;

rsKd;EG,f^rdom;pk (Clan) trnfomjzpf Guite tpm;
Khuathak, Lamzang, Vangteh xnfhoGif;onf/ Losau
pum;udk Tedim e,frSm Tuithang, Suangsang, Cauleng
wdkYuoHk;aomfvnf; a&SUacwfpum;trSefr[kwf? All India
Radio Imphal Paite tpDtpOfrSm oHk;aombmompum;udk
Losau pum;trSefjzpfonf/ Lamzang pum;udk Tedim
Lamzang &GmrS jzpfay:vm ,ckajymaom Lamzang pum;udk
Tedim pum;ESiw
hf o
l nf/ Lamzang pum;tppfukd Manipura
jynfe,frmS &Sd Lamzang &GmrSo;kH Tedim e,f Selbung &GmwdYk
pum;jzpf onf/
CIIMNUAIMI
- usdrfEGJvlrsKd;
1. Thado
2. Vaiphei
5. Paite
6. Zoute
7. Sihzang
8. Ngawnte
3. Simte
4. Gangte
9. Tedim
10. Kom ESihf
187
wjcm;vl r sKd ; ud k Ciimnuai *l (Cave) rS

qif;oufvmolrsm;jzpfonf[k ordik ;f t& od&&dS onf/ Laimi
ac:qdkouJhodkY Ciimnuai Mi [k zGJYpnf;ac:qdkaomfvnf;
rjzpf E d k i f w J h t aMumif ; &S d o nf / Ngawn ud k v nf ;
zvrf;NrdKUe,fwGifxnfh oGif; Falam vlrsKd; (Laimi)
bufygoGm; txufyg Ngawn vlrsKd;rsm;rSty Manipur
jynfe,f rSm vlenf;pkpm&if;rsm;rSm todtrSwjf yKjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh Ciimnuai tpm; TEDIM ESifh ZOMI xuf
vufco
H ifah om vlrsK;d trnf jrefrmEdik if rH mS r&Syd g/ pma&;olu
Ciimnuai vufrcHyg/ ZOMI : - ZOMI wkdUudk ordkif;t&
Ciimnuai rS qif;oufvmolrsm;jzpf TEDIM ESifh PAITE
vlrsKd;u (100%) EIef; ZOMI udk ESpfoufa&G;cs,fonf/
MIZO : -
1. Bawm
4. Hallam
5. Khaw thlang
6. Kawn
2. Baite
7. Lusei
3. Hmar
8
Lakher(Mara) 9. Mirawng 10. Paite (Zomi)

11. Pawite (Laimi) 12. Pang
13.
Ralte 14. Gangte (Rangte)

15. Thado
jzpfonf/
16. Vaiphei
17. Simte
188
(C.Chawng Kunga, Geneology Tree of Mizo,

Aizawl, T.B.Bro Offset Printing, 1986, P.1 Ex - Minister of Culture-Mizoram State)
4. MIZO - MIZO NATIONAL FRONT
MIZO [laompum;&yfukd ZOMI [laompum;vH;k rS
ajymif ; jyef uAsmqef a om toH k ; tEI e f ; jzpf o nf [ k

a&S;ordkif;q&mrsm;u &Sif;jycJhonf/ (Pu. K. Zawla, 1946)
rSeo
f nf rSm;onf[k ajz&Si;f bd&Y k nf&,
G jf cif;r&Syd g/ MIZO, LAI,
HMAR wdYku "R" oH;k "G" r&Sy
d g/ yk*aH cwfu csi;f [kemrnf&
t*Fvyd af cwfu "KUKI-CHIN-LUSHAI" [k ac:qdck o
hJ nf/
t*Fvdyfu Mizoram jynfe,fudk Lushai (Lusei) Hills vdkY
ac:qdck o
hJ nf/ Lal tkyyf ;D trsm;pkrmS SAILO rsK;d EG,rf sm;jzpf
Hualngo rsKd;EG,fpkcH,lol zvrf;NrdKU Seipui &GmrS Mizoram
od k Y a&T U ajymif ; aexd k i f cJ h o l r sm;jzpf o nf / AD-1600
avmufjzpfrnf[k cefYrSef;cJhonf/ Guite rsKd;dk;pOfqufrS
arG ; zG m ;vm aom vl r sKd ; rsm;jzpf a Mumif ; MIZO
pum;ajymaomolrsm;u PAITE rsKd;EG,f[kac:qdk PAITE
ES i f h TEDIM pum;ajymol ZOMI u ZOMI
rsKd;EG,frsm;yg0ifolrsm;jzpfonf[k ordkif;t&vufcH cJhonf/
,ck t cg
MIZO
pum;ajymol t rsm;pk u
189
ord k i f ; avh v maomtcg igwd k Y MIZO pum;ajym

aomaMumif h j zpf v d k Y ZOMI rsKd ; EG , f t ppf j zpf o nf [ k
vufccH yhJ gonf/ ordik ;f t&rSeaf omfvnf; olwYkdu Mizoram
State (Federal State) &cJ h N yD j zpf vl r sKd ; trnf u d k
olwYkd\jyemr[kwaf wmhb;l vdYkvnf; od&&dS efvv
kd rd rhf nf/
1954 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 1 &ufaeYrSp Lushai Hills
District udk MIZO District? 1972 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 21
&ufaeYwGif Mizoram District tjzpfodkY 1987 ckESpf?
azazmf0g&Dv 20 &uf aeYwGif MIZORAM STATE [k
ajymif ; vJ a c:qd k c J h o nf / Mizoram rS m aexd k i f c J h a om
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;EG,fpkuGJrsm; LAI, MARA, HMAR,
PAITE, LUSEI wdkYudk MIZO/ZOFA vlrsKd;[k owfrSwf
tod t rS w f j yKcJ h o nf / LAI ES i f h MARA uvnf ;
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG chf dik f (ADC) &onf/ Mizoram tpd;k &u
Chakma (Sat) vlrsKd;rsm;udk ausmif;oHk;pmtkyf MIZO
trsKd ; om;tEG , f 0 if wd k i f ; &if ; om;vl r sKd ; pm&if ; rS m
a&;om;yHEk ydS cf ahJ omaMumifh MIZO ZIRLAI PAWL (Student)
rsm;udk rauseyf ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfawGYorQ rD;IdUcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh Mizoram jynfe,frSm MIZO vlrsKd;EG,fESifh
Mizoram
jynf e ,f
vl r sKd ; cG J j cm;xm;onf /
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH? &cdkifjynfe,frSm wdkif;&if;om;
190
vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhEdkifiHjcm;om;jzpfaom dk[if*smvlrsKd;rsm;u
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;EG,ftjzpf awmif;qdkrIjyemudkvnf;
uJhodkY ajz&Sif;oifhonf/ wdkif;&if;om; {nfhEdkifiHom;?
EdkifiHom;jyKcGifh& jrefrmEdkifiHom;&SdouJhodkY jynfe,f?
wdkif;tqifhrSmvnf; jynfe,fvlrsKd;ESifh a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;
vlrsKd;EG,fpk0if (odkY) wdkif;&if; om; vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;[k
todtrSwfjyKoifhonf/
MNF/A = Mizo National Front / Army
1946 ckESpf? {NyDv 9 &ufaeYwGif MIZO Union

zGJUpnf; Ou| Pu Pachunga ESifh twGif;a&;rSL; Pu R.
Vanlawma jzpfonf/ 1958 ckEp
S w
f iG f MIZO Culture Society zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ odkYaomf Mizoram tpmacgif;yg;jcif;
(Femine/Mautam)? BuHKawGUaomaMumifh MIZO National
Femine Front [k ajymif ; vJ a c:qd k c J h o nf / t"d u
&nf&,
G cf suu
f tdE,
d jynfrmS qif;&J'u
k a &muf aom MIZO
vlrsKd;rsm; tpdk;&utjynfht0axmufyHhulnDjcif;ray;ygu
cGx
J u
G jf cif;? vGwv
f yfa&; aMujimNyD; "KUKI-CHIN-LUSEI"
tpm;
MIZO
a,bk , strnf t jzpf o H k ;
oD ; jcm;vG w f v yf a om wd k i f ; jynf w nf a xmif r nf [ k
qHk;jzwfcJhNyD;NyDjzpfonf/ tpdk;&uaxmufyHhay;cJhaomfvnf;
udk,fydkif jy|mef;cGifh vlenf;pktcGifhta&;rcHpm;bJ Assam
191
jynfe,fvufatmufrSm tkyfcsKyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh

1962 ckESpfwGif MNFF udk MNF = MIZO NATIONAL
FRONT / ARMY [k ajymif;vJac:qd
k Ou| Pu Laldenga
twGif;a&;rSL; Pu R. Vanlawma u wm0ef,lcJhonf/
Edik if aH &;vIy&f mS ;rIupkd wifco
hJ nf/
MNF wdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufESifhaqmifyk'f
1963 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv 22 &ufaeYwGif
atmufygqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;twnfjyK cJhonf/
1/
MNF Party u tEk e nf ; jzif h o m vI y f & S m ;
tMurf;zufroHk;bJ vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qdk&rnf/
2/
td E d , jynf r S m
aexd k i f a om
MIZO
rsKd;EG,frsm;aexdkifcJhaom e,fajra'otm;vHk; tpdk;&xH
awmif ; Mizoram jynf e ,f o d k Y oG w f o G i f ;
tkycf sKyfonfw
h pfcak tmufrmS xm;&rnf/
3/
tdEd,jynftjyifbuf(jrefrmESifhb*Fvm;a'h&Sf)rSm
aexd k i f a om MIZO rsKd ; EG , f r sm; aexd k i f c J h a om
e,fajra'otm;vHk; tpdk;&xH
awmif; Mizoram
jynfe,fodkYoGwfoGif; tkyfcsKyf&onf/
4/
MIZO trsK;d om;jynfoYlapwem0efxrf; (Volunteer)
zGUJ pnf;&rnf/
192
Sologan aqmify'
k f - "PATHIAN LEH KANRAM TAN"
(FOR MY GOD AND MY LAND)
jzpf
bk&m;ESifhighwdkif;jynftwGuf[k t"dyg,f&onf/
1963
ck E S p f w G i f
MNF
Party
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyw
JG iG f yg0if,OS Nf ydKicf &hJ m tEdik &f aomfvnf;
tpd k ; &u tzG J U tpnf ; tod t rS w f r jyK&ao;ojzif h
&v'f u d k j iif ; y,f j cif ; cH & onf / 1963 ck E S p f
atmufwkdbmvwGiftpdk;&jzpfaom
jynfe,ftpdk;&jynfaxmifpktpdk;&xH awmif;qdkcsufrsm;
(Memorundum) ydkYcJhaomfvnf; jyefvnf ajzMum;jcif;r&Sd
tMurf;zufukd rvTrJ a&Smifo;kH &rnfjzpfawmhonf/ xdYk aMumifh
1965 ckESpf? arv 1 &ufaeYwGif rD;Zdktpdk;&cGJxGufNyD (Province of Government of Mizioram) [k aMunmcJh 1966
ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv? 26 &ufaeYwGif MNA (Mizo National
Army) u tdE,
d ppfwyfpcef; Aizawl, Tuipuibari, Lunglei,
Champhai, Thlabung udk n (12;00) em&DwdwdwGif
wdkufcdkufcJhonf/ 1966 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv 29 &ufaeYwGif
ppfwyfuppftrdefY (Curfew) tjyifxGufcsdefuefYowf
aMujimaomaMumifh MNA rsm;udk awmcdk xGufajy;cJhonf/
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf (ta&SUygupwef)? &cdkifESifhcsif;jynfe,f?
ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f wdYk wiG f aexdik f cdv
k aHI omaMumifh jrefrmppfwyfu
193
jynfolvlxk'kuay;cJhonf/
MPC- Mizo Peoples Convention
1965 ck E S p f Zef e 0g&D v 15 &uf r S 18 &uf a eY t xd
rPdyl&jynfe,f Konpui-Lamka tpnf;ta0; usif;ycJhonf/
Zefe0g&Dv 17 &ufaeYonf we*FaEGaeYjzpf 16 &ufEiS hf 18 &ufaeYwiG f
tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ xdt
k pnf;ta0; Zdt
k rsdK;om; tzGUJ tpnf;
14 ck yg0ifco
hJ nf/
1. Mizo Union 2. Mizo National Front 3. Hmar National
Council 4. Kuki National Assembly
5. Paite National
Council 6. Gangte National Council
7. Vaiphei National
Organization
8. Unite Manipur Zomi Organization
9. Chin National Union 10. Kom National Union
1 1 .
Mizo National Council 12. Mizo Union of Manipur
1 3 .
Sinte National Organization
14. Baite Convention Council
wkdYjzpfonf/ 1965 ckESpf {NyDvwGif uGef;ayG; tpnf;ta0;

jyef v nf u sif ; yrnf [ k qH k ; jzwf cJ h o nf / tpnf ; ta0;wG i f
tcsufEpS cf suf qH;k jzwfco
hJ nf/
1/ b,f t pd k ; &vuf a tmuf r S m uREk f y f w k d U twl w uG yl ; aygif ;
aexkid Mf uoenf;/ (Pattern and Status of the Administrative Unit)
2/ yl;aygif;aexkid Nf yD;rS trsdK;om;trnfukd bmudk oH;k oenf;/(Nomen
194
Clature)
Lamka NrdKUrS aMumfjimpmuyfjcif;
We support the movement of the MIZO people for Unification,
Let the Government of INDIA.
DONOT forget the MIZOS, WHEN THEY REMEMBER THE
NAGAS
MIZOS: UNITES OR PERISH,
Supporters in Manipur
(Published by Hao Kho Lal, Thang Jom & Pao Len, Haokip; Imphal, On be
half of Supporters in Manipur, Printed at the Swaraj Press, Uripok, Imphal,
16-2-1965)
India u Naga udk vGwv

f yfa&;ay;rnf[k uwday;aomaMumifh
tdE,
d tpd;k &u em*udk owd&aomtcg
rDZu
kd v
kd nf; owd&yg[k
t"dyg ,f&onf/
MNV = Mizo National Volunteer
1965 ck E S p f w G i f Kawnpui XmecsKyf MNV

wyf & if ; zG J U pnf ; cJ h o nf / Sadar Hills ud k v nf ;
jynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&;e,fajrtjzpf owfrSwfcJhonf/ KUKI
(Thado) rsm;vnf; MNA-Mizo National Army wGif
wyf&if;wpfcw
k nfaxmifc
hJ Pu En Za Khup emrnftpGjJ yK
195
E. Batallion [kac:qdkum J.Bn odkY ajymif;vJac:qdkcJhonf/
rS
vl i ,f w pf c sKd U yg0if c J h uav;NrKd U wm[ef ; rS m vnf ;
wm[ef;wyf&if;wpfck zGJUpnf;vdkY&onf/ 1966 ckESpfwGif
Tedim ESihf Falam e,fuvnf; vli,fwpfcsKUd yg0ifc
hJ 1966
ck E S p f csif ; awmif w ef ; ppf q if a &;ES i f h wk w f E d k i f i H
ppfwef;wufwt
hJ cg wyfom;OD;a& 1000 ausmfcNhJ yDjzpfonf/
OD;odef;azjrifhu - ;
]]csi;f olyek af cgif;aqmifrS tdraf pmift
h pd;k &vufxufu
csif;a&;&m0efBuD;a[mif;OD;&mvfrIef;? ygvDrmeftrwfa[mif;
OD ; &maemvf Hrang Nawl) csif ; awmif t k y f a [mif ;
OD ; wG Z vsif ; wd k Y j zpf o nf / trwf a [mif ; wpf O D ; omvQif
tdEd,jynfbufrSm usef&pfaeNyD; EdkifiHa&;oHk;ESpfpDrHudef;ESifh
jyefcsrnf [k BuHK;0g;aeaMumif;od&ay\/ 1965 ckESpf?
'DZifbmvxJu usi;f yaom MIZO NATIONAL ARMY
tpnf;ta0;wGif udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufcJhonf[k
,HkMunf&ayonf/}}
(OD;odef;azjrifh - pm-181)
1968 ck E S p f zvrf ; bPf E S i f h wD ; wd e f b Pf
vk,ufwu
kd cf u
kd af omtcg NNA wpfcsKUd u vrf;ab;rSm aiG
1 usyf w ef 1 &G u f e H y gwf i ,f (ta<u)rsm;ud k
Assam,
Tripura,
Meghalaya,
Nagaland
196
uav;rsm;vTiyhf pfa0iSco
hJ nf/ wpfcsKUd u rD;dUI 'DaiGusyw
f ef
pm&G u f b ,f a vmuf E S i f h
a&aEG ; ql o enf ; [k
upm;avh&Sdonf[k od&Sd&onf/ trwfa[mif;udk Pu Hrang
Nawl jzpf 1965 ckEp
St
f zrf;cH tdE,
d rS jyefvnfyYkday;onf/
u olwdkYulnDol Pu Tun Khaw Pum
owfvdkufjcif;
1962 ckESpf? rwfv 6 &ufaeYwGif ta&SUygupwef
(Bengaladesh) odkY a&mufcJh vufeuf udkifwyfrsm;udk
tod t rS w f j yKcH & axmuf y H h a &;tul t nD v nf ;
&cJNh yD;NyDjzpfonf/ 1964 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv 10 &ufaeYwiG f Pu
Tun Khaw Pum-Baite Lamka (Pangnuam) Manipur ESifh
Lt.Col.Son Khaw Pau em* NCC President Mr.Phizo
Angami xH KOHIMA NrdKUodkY tultnDawmif;qdkcJh&mrS
jyefvmcJhpOf Champhai NrdKUawGUqHkcJhojzifh yl;aygif;cJh
ta&SUygupwefodkY xdkESpf arv 5 &ufrSm oGm;a&mufcJh
ppfynmoifwef; vlta,muf 30 wufa&mufcJhonf/
Mizoram rS Pakistan odkY oGm;vmpOf vrf;Mum;rSm United
Government of Chin jynfaxmifpc
k si;f orwtpd;k &zGUJ pnf;
0efBuD;csKyf Pu Tun Khaw Pum umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D
Gen-Son Khaw Pau Edi
k if jH cm; qufqaH &;Xme0efBu;D Pu Hrang
MNA
197
Nawl jzpfonf[k
od&&dS onf/ wpfcsKUd acgif;aqmif;rsm;&Sad omf

vnf; pma&;ol\ ul;um;pmtkyrf mS ra&;cJhyg/
Khup Za Go (Rev) - : u
1964 ckESpf arv 4 &ufaeY (aeYpOfrSwfwrf;) wGif

tifzmNrdKUwGif ausmif;twlwufczhJ ;l aom oli,fcsi;f oGe;f ac:
ykrf; - Tun Khaw Pum (Aizawl Dultlang) aq;HkrSm
tdyaf epOfvm a&mufMunfh
I ta&SUygupwefukd rD;Zd&k mrfuae
b,fvdkoGm;vdkY&oenf;[kar;cJhonf/ igrodbl; vdkY
igh a b;em;rS m
vl e mtd y f a om
trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufuajymjyonf/
olYudkb,fa&mufoGm;onfudk 'DaeYtxdrod&ao;yg/
olYpmudk ygupwefuae wpfcg&ygw,f[ka&;onf/
(Leivuipan; Gwahati, CLC, 2004 P-15) Rev.Khup Za Go
ua&;aom 2004 ckESpf olYpmtkyfrSm ,aeYtxd Tun Khaw

Pum b,f a &muf o G m ;vJ [ k
rod & ao;yg[k
owd&pGmESifha&;cJhavonf/ 0rf;enf;p&m olwdkYESpfa,muf
toufxGufoGm;NyD Paradise rSm qHkrSmvm;/
1963 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv? 27 &ufavmufrSm MNF
Pu Laldenga ESifh Vice President PuLal hnunmawia
ta&SUygupwefoGm; bmrStqifrajyvdkY Mizoram
198
tjyefvrf;rSm &Juzrf;cJh onf/ 'DZifbmv 17 &ufrSm Pu

Laldenga, Aizawl rSm tzrf;cH? 'DZifbmv 24 &ufrmS Pu
Lalhnunmawi Chipphir rSm tzrf;cH&onf/ 1964 ckESpf?
azazmf0g&Dv 5 &ufaeYrmS Silchar axmifrS jyefvGwfcJhonf/
(pma&;ol 1998 ck E S p f Aizawl jynf o l Y aq;H k r S m
aewJhtcsdefrSm Pu Lalhunmawia trsK;d orD;q&mr Midwife
vkycf o
hJ nf/ Pu Lalhunmawia udk ppfqifa&; OD;pD;csKyfjzpf
Pu
Denga
&cd k i f j ynf r S m
ppf o m;rsm;xH
aexdkifcGifhtultnDawmif;wJhtcsdefrSm Pu Lalhnunmawia
u Falam ESihf Tedim NrdKUbPf vk,ufwu
kd cf u
kd af omaMumifh
Pu Denga udk &cdi
k f jynfe,frmS aevdYkr&jzpf jrefrmppfwyfu
MNA trsm;BuD;owfypfvdkufonf[k wjcm;pmtkyfrsm; rSm
a&;om;cJ h o nf / )
Pu
Denga
pum;ud k
wcGef;t&rf;aumif;onf/ ]]igpyg;&dwfodrf;wJhtcsdefrSm
cifAsm;wdkYu aumufdk;rD;IdUonf[kajymonf/}} Pu Mawia
tvif;0if MNA u aq;HkxJrSm owfcJhonf/
1964 ckEpS ?f rwfv 20 &ufaeY? Pu Laldenga tzGUJ udk
Pu Tun Khaw Pum ESifh awGUqHk tultnDawmif;cJhonf/
1964 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv 25 &ufaeYwiG f MNF/A 22 a,mufukd
ta&S U ygup w ef o d k Y ppf y nmoif w ef ; cG i f h &
ppfvufeufwpfcsKdUvnf; ygvmcJh jyefvmcJhygonf/ 1965
199
ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv 4 &ufaeYrmS Pu Sap Zova acgif;aqmif

vl 300 udk ppfoifwef;wufcJh Stengun-40, Riffle-303,
Granade-80
,l v mcJ h
MNV
rsm;ud k
ppfynmoifwef;ay;cJhonf/ 1965 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv MNF
tpnf;ta0;usi;f ycJ
h Pu Laldenga tzGUJ u Pu Tun Khaw
Pum (UGC-Zomi Government) pnf ; H k ; cJ h MNF
u"MIZO" trnfo;kH rnf[k awmif;qdjk cif;udk Pu Tun Khaw
Pum u vufrcH oabmxm;uGJvGJcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
Pu Tun Khaw Pum ESihf olYtzGUJ United Zomi Government
vl 14 a,muf udk MNA u 1945-1967 ckESpfwGif
owfypfcJhavonf/ Pu Tun Khaw udkvnf; 1965 ckESpfrS
'DZifbmvukeyf ikd ;f rS 1967 ckEpS ?f arv 28 &uftxd MNV
XmecsKyf Kawn Pui Camp wGif tus,fcsKyfxm;cJh&mrS
aoqH k ; cJ h y gonf / trsKd ; om;acgif ; aqmif 14
a,muf o wd & &ef t wG u f
Zomi
trsKd;om;tmZmenfrsm;aeYtjzpf 2007 ckESpf arv 9 &uf
aeYup {NyDv 28 &ufaeYudkowfrSwf ESpfpOfusif;y&ef
trsKd;om;apmif teufa&mifudk tdrfwdkif;rSmvTifhxl&rnf[k
PTC Lamka u aMujimcJhonf/ (The LamKaPost, Vol.V,
No.204 May 9, Wed, 2009)
200
1977 - PuLaldenga MNF Ou | tzrf ; cH j cif ; ?

Nidrf;csrf;a&;aeYESifhjynfe,faeY
1977 ckEpS f tdE,
d jynf Congress-I Party 0efBuD;csKyf
Miss Indra Gandhi u rJ;IH Janata Dal Party Mr. Morarji
Desai udk 0efBuD;csKyfjzpfvmcJo
h nf/ xdYk aMumifh Pu Laldenga
Janata Dal Party tpd;k &u zrf;cJ
h Tihar axmifrmS ydYk co
hJ nf/
Mum;jzwftpdk;&a&G;aumufyGJusif;y Miss Indra Gandhi
0efBuD;csKyfjyefjzpfvmcJhonf/ 1984 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv
29 &ufaeYwGif Congress Party -I ulnDrIjzifh Pu Denga
Delhi odkY a&TUajymif;cJhonf/ xdkodkYaom tultnDay;cJh
ol r sm;ud k Mizoram ygvD r mef t rwf 2 a,muf E S i f h Pu
Lalsawta, Pu Dr.Rothuama ESifh Pu Lalthanhawla(State
of Chief Minister) jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfjzpfonf/ Pu Hawla
ulnDrIjzifh tdEd,EdkifiHul;vufrSwf&cJh Pu Denga London
odkY aecdkif;cJhonf/
1984 ckEpS ?f atmufwb
kd mv 31 &ufaeY eHeuf 9;15
rdepfrSm Pu Laldenga London rS Delhi odkY jyefvmcJhonf/
xd k r euf 0ef B uD ; csKyf Ms. Indra Gandhi ud k
kyf&Sifxkwfvkyfa&; Peter Ustinov ESifh tifwmAsL;vkyfNyD;
tdrftjyefvrf;rSm olYtdrfwHcg;apmifh*wf SI Brant Sigh ESifh
Const. Satwant Singh u AH;k ESihf Stengun jzifh vkyBf uHco
hJ nf/
201
0efBuD;csKyfudk,fcEmxJrSm usnfqef 16 vHk;0ifoGm;

0efBuD;csKyfqHk;oGm;NyD;aemuf olYom;tBuD;qHk; Mr. Rajiv
Gandhi a&G ; aumuf y G J r &S d b J 0ef B uD ; csKyf t jzpf
orwu&mxl;cefYtyfvu
kd o
f nf/
1986 ckESpf? ZGef 30 &ufaeYwGif MNF acgif;aqmif
Pu Laldenga vef'efrmS a'vDoYkd a&mufc
hJ xdn
k rSmyif Home
Secretary ESifh India tpdk;&udk,fpm; Mr. R.D Pradant Home Secretary u Nidrf;csrf;a&;pmcsKyf n(10;00)em&DwGif
oabmwlnD vufrw
S af &;xd;k cJo
h nf/ 1986 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv
f
4 &ufaeYwiG f tdE,
d zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'udv
k nf; jyifqif
yk'fr 371-G a&;om;cJhonf/ 1986 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 3
&ufaeYwiG f wyfom;OD;a& 510 ESihf &cdik jf ynfrS vHv
k J (Lunglei)
vrf;twdik ;f Aizawl NrdKUodYk jyefvmonf/ jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf
Pu Hawla u ol Y &mxl ; rS q if ; Pu Laldenga
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfjzpfvmonf/
1987 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&Dv 20 &ufaeY (aomMumaeY)udk
India 0ef B uD ; csKyf Rajiv Gandhi u Aizawl A-R
tm;upm;uGi;f eHeuf 9;30 rdepfwiG f vlxak &SUrSm Mizoram
State (Full State/ Federal) onf tdEd,jynfe,f\ trSwf
23 jzpfonf[k aMujimcJhygonf/
MNF ESifh tdEd,tpdk;& oabmwlnDrIpmcsKyfxJrSm-
202
jynf e ,f t pd k ; &Oya'jyXmef ; cG i f h tjynf h t 0&

usifhoHk;cGifh? pD;yGm;a&;ESifhe,fjcm;a'orS 0ifvmoltm;
wm;qD;ydkifcGifh? olwdkYbmompum;ESifhoifMum;Edkifaom
wuov
kd t
f qifx
h &d &Sjd cif; (Ph.D)? xdo
k Ykd aom0efxrf;rsm;udk
tpdk;&rSvpmay;jcif;? Hindhu ausmif;oD;oefY? English
ausmif;
oD ; oef Y ? Mizo ausmif ; oD ; oef Y zG i f h c G i f h j yKjcif ; ?
ud k , f y d k i f v H k N cH K a&;wyf z G J U zG J U pnf ; cG i f h ? vrf ; yef ;
qufoG,fa&;wdk;wufa&;wdkYjzpfonf/ TV Chanel oD;oefY
Radio Station vnf ; &S d o nf / jref r mwd k i f ; &if ; om;
vuf e uf u d k i f w yf z G J U rsm;ES i f h
tpd k ; &uJ h o d k Y
Nidrf;csrf;a&;pmcsKyfESifhrwlbl;/
jrefrm-MIZO
203
a&S;yk*aH cwf Lusei [kac:aom MIZO rsm;udk csi;f vl&JS

(Lusei-Chin) [k tod t rS w f j yKcJ h ojzih f 1896
csi;f awmifwef; tufOya'? 1947 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' 1974
zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccH Oya' 2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rSm Lusei
[k ra&;aomf v nf ; Oya'rsm;ud k T e f ; Chin
wdkif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fxJrSm Lusei rsKd;EG,f[ka&;om;onf/
xdkYaMumifh Lusei rsm;udk EdkifiHom;ESifh {nfhEdkifiHom;?
Ed k i f i H j cm;om; r[k w f y g/ 1965 ck E S p f MNF
ykefuefx<urIaMumifh wjznf;jznf; Mizoram rS jrefrmjynf
uav;? umabmfodkY cdkvIH ,aeYtxd aexdkifcJhaom
olrsm;&Sdao;onf/
204
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trsm;tjym;cdv
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kH;rSmwdkif? jyemSm zrf;cdkif;cJhonf/ xdkaMumifh &efukef
tajcpdkuf LUSEI WALFARE SOCIETY zGJUpnf;
wpfa,mufEiS w
hf pfa,muf tultnDay;Mu vlraI &;toif;
jzpf v monf / Ed k i f i H j cm;om;[k w d k i f M um; v0u
Oya't&zrf ; qD ; jcif ; cH & ol r sm;twG u f
Lusei
vl r sd L ;acgif ; aqmif w csd K Uu Ad k v f c sLyf B uD ; ae0if ; xH
tultnDawmif;qdkcJhonf/ AdkvfcsLyfBuD;ae0if;u Lusei
v l r s d K ; r s m ; u d k
Ed k i f i H w ume,f e d r d w f u cG J j cm;aomf v nf ; t*F v d y f a cwf
uolwdkUudk ppfwyfwGiftrsm;tjym;wm0efxrf;aqmif
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;EG,fpm&if;rSmvnf; vlSJ (Lusei-Chin)
[ka&;om;jcif;jzpfonf[kqdkonf/ xdkaMumifh 1963 ckESpf?
rwfv 23&ufaeUrSp
Lusei trsdK;om;rsm;udk CHIN trsdK;om;tEG,0
f ifuJG
wpfckwGifjyefvnf a&;om;tod trSwfjyKcJhonf/ 1973
ckESpfrSp LUSEI WALFARE SOCIETY udk MIZO
WALFARE SOCIETY [kajymif;vJac:qdc
ko
hJ nf/ wpfcsKd Uu
{nfEh ikd if o
H m;? wpfcsKd UuEdik if o
H m;pdppfa&; uwfjym;rSm LuseiChin [k r S w f o m;cJ h o nf / b,f v d k r sd K ;bJ j zpf j zpf
205
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cH,ljcif;udkta&;BuD;onf[k odapvdkygonf/
LUSEI trsdK;om;u 1987 ckESpfrS MIZORAM
STATE &vmaomtcg wur m vH k ; u MIZO
trsdK;om;dSonf[k oddSjrefrmjynf LUSEI rsm;uvnf;
trsdK;om;a&;0g'jyif;xef vmaomaMumifh LUSEI tpm;
MIZO oHk;vmMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh LUSEI - CHIN ESifh
Hualngo- Chin, Falam - Chin, Tedim Chint M u m ; j y e m u d k b m o m p u m ; t &
vlrsdK;cGJjcm;jcif;(Racialism) t,l0g' jzpfay:vmonf/

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ryg0ifyg/ xdkUaMumifh olUwdkUnDtpfudkcsif;vlrsKd;tzGJUxJrS
txD;usefjzpfjcif; ( Isolation) uJhodkUjzpfonf/ ZOMI ESifh
csif;wdkUvnf; xdkuJhodkUyifjzpfvmrSmvm; [kpOf;pm;p&m/
b,f v d k b J j zpf j zpf Ed k i f i H a wmf u jynf o l v l x k u d k
EdkifiHom;tjzpfay;cJhNyD;rS rdrdwdkYESpfoufaom vlrsKd;trnfESifh
ajymif;vJowfrSwf todtrSwfjyK&rSmjzpfonf/ 2014
ckESpfrSm oef;acgifpm&if;aumufwJhtcsdefrSm MIZO uaomf
vnf;aumif; ZOMI uaomfvnf;aumif;? Laimi ESihf Khumi
uaomfvnf;aumif; rSwfyHkwifrSm vlrsKd;emrnftjzpf
xnfhoGif;&efawmif;qdkonf[k od&Sd&onf/ 2014 ckESpf
206
rwfvaemufyikd ;f rSm tajzrSeu

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tajccH vl r sd K ;emrnf a &;rnf h uG u f v yf r S m
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trsKd;om;rsm;
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wpfcsKUd u rH&k mG NrdKUtvHNk rdKUudv
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Along u qif;ouf vmonf[k qdo
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tbG m ;BuD ; wpf a ,muf u d k jref r mwpf a ,muf u
em;&GuftBuD;tus,f um;awGUaomaMumifh em;um;uae
em*[kvnf;tqdk&Sdonf/ vlYordkif;tp Adam ESifh Eve
ud k v nf ; ud k , f c E m zH k ; uG , f j cif ; r&S d b l ; r[k w f v m;/
vlwdkif;udkt0wfAvmESifharG;zGm;vmwmjzpfonf/
1940 ckESpfavmufrS em*trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif
Mr.Phizo Angami u NNC = Naga National Council
5. NAGA
207
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ol Y ud k y gup w ef r S w qif h t*F v ef o d k Y Nagaland
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wm;qD ; cJ h o nf / Mr.Phizo u bmjzpf v d k Y
igt*Fvef0efzdkYwm;qD;wmvJ? cifAsm;t*FvdyfwdkY Nagaland
vmwH k ; uvnf ;
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jywf j ywf o m;om;ajymqd k ol Y ud k c d k v I H c G i f h a y;
Edik if o
H m;tjzpfay;cJo
h nf/ 1988 ckEpS w
f iG f t*FvefrmS aoqH;k
olY&yk u
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tdkuft&m qufcHonf/ 1950 ckESpfwGif NNC rS NSCN =
Naga Socialist Council of Nagaland tzGJUcGJxGufonf/
1973 ckESpfwGif NSCN-Isaac ESifh Muivah acgif;aqmif
NSCN-Khaplang (jrefrmem*) tzGUJ cGx
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olwdkYynmjyefoHk;cJh 0rf;enf;p&m wpfckjzpfonf/ 1963
ck E S p f w G i f
td E d , tpd k ; &u
208
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Thang Mawia uajymonf/
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Nationalist Party (ZNP)/ BJP
218
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World Zo Ri-unification Convention udk
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f Budr?f ,ck 2013 ckEpS w
f iG f wBudrf
pk p k a ygif ; wwd , tBud r f usif ; ycJ h M uonf /
(Khonumthung, News Journey, Vol. 1. No.7,
November 2013, p. 7-8).
ZRO-(Zomi) 1993 ckESpf? {NyDv 9 &ufaeYwGif Pu
Khai Za Song-Guite (EX-MLA-Karbilong) u vdkifZmucsijf ynfe,fwiG f ZRO-Zomi Re-Unification Organization zGUJ pnf; Ou|tjzpf yxrqH;k Lt.Col.Hang Khaw Lian
HatLang (qH;k )u wm0ef,o
l nf/ 1997 ckEpS w
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(,aeYxd 2013) ,cktcg Zomi Council atmufrS KNA
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f iG f ZRA (Zomi ReUnification Army) ESifh 2012 wGif pufwifbmv 12
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219
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For Democratic, MPP (Mara) KCNUP (KUKI-Chin)
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258
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t&if;trSeaf zmfjyjcif;(2)jynfaxmifpzk UJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
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dk if;vlrsKd;rsm;[kac:qdkonf/
od k Y a omf
ord k i f ; avh v mwJ h t cg
H iG f CHIN tpm; ZOMI a&G;cs,f
259
LAIMI, KHUMI, MIZO vufco

H &Sl o
d nf/xdo
k w
l trs
Ykd K;d rSm
tpm; Zomi, Mizo, Khumi &mcdkifEIef;jynfh vufcH

ESpo
f ufaomvlrsK;d oH;k rsK;d &So
d nf/ Hakha uvnf;2014ckEpS rf mS
Chin tpm; Laimi rSwfyHkwifrSm a&;om;xnfhoGif;jcif;
awmif;qdkonf[k od&onf/ Zomi uvnf; awmif;qdck NhJ y;D
[kod&Sd&onf/
pma&;olu Zomi vnf; csif;? csif;vnf; Zomi
jzpf o nf / od k Y a omf Zomi emrnf j zif h tpd k ; &
todtrSwjf yKvv
kd m;onf/ud,
k ehf mrnfreS ?f ud,
k v
f rl sK;d emrnf
rSeu
f Bkd uKd uo
f nf/,cifuem*g;vlrsK;d rsm;ud,ck
k tcgcsi;f
rBudKuf Lusei uvnf; Chin rBudKuf Mizo omBudKufonf/
csif ; tpm; Zomi t,l 0 g'ud k Ed k i f i H a &;orm;ES i f h
ygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;vdt
k yfcsuwpf
f cjk zpfonf/pma&;olu
ordik ;f avhvmolwpfa,mufjzpfrdwq
f ufay;jcif;omjzpf
Chin BuKd u&
f ifa&TUyikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ Zomi BuKd u&f ifa&TUyikd cf iG &hf dS
vlt
Y cGit
hf a&;vnf;jzpfonf/
1947 ? 1974? 2008?-zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rS
aumufEw
I cf surf sm;udavh
k vmaomtcgtem*wfumvrSm
vl e nf ; pk r sm; tcG i f h t a&;ES i f h ud k u f nD a om Oya'jy
Chin
260
|mef;csufjyifqifjcif;&Sd&if aumif;r,f[k &ifzGifhajymwm

jzpfonf/
2008 zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'rS vlenf;pkrsm;twGuf
ta&;ygaomtcsu(4)cs
f uu
f avh
kd vmaomtcgbmoma&;?
pmayjr i f h w if a &;? H k ; oH k ; pm [k rnf h o nf h a'orqd k
aexdik cf iG jhf yKa&;jzpfonf/vlenf;pktcGita&;
hf ray;bl;qd&k if
vlenf;pktrsm;pkaygi;f rSvlrsK;d Bu;D pk?Edik if aH wmfjzpfay:vmjcif;
jzpf y gonf / jyemud k vl e nf ; pk u p vl r sm;pk u
ajz&Si;f ay;aomt&mjzpfonf/
csif;jynfe,fonf tqif;&JqHk; jynfe,fjzpfonf/
&SufvdkY ajymrnf qdk&if csif;vlrsKd;jzpf&wm &Sufw,f vdkY
ajym&r,f/ odaYk omf csi;f vlrsK;d rsm; udv
k nf; bk&m;ocifu
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jrefrmjynfom;?jynfaxmifpw
k ikd ;f &if;om;rsm;jzpfaomaMumifh
qif ; &J a omf v nf ; uH a umif ; onf [ k qd k & rnf /
bmjzpfvv
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H cv
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f J
vG w f v yf a om jynf a xmif p k e,f a jr? jynf e ,f r S m
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Yk
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f ifch sutrs
f m;Bu;D &So
d nf/
261
csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm;
u
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ud,
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aewmxuf ppf u d k i f ; wd k i f ; xJ r S m ae&if wd k ; wuf r ,f ?
tdE,
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H ufrmS ae&ifwd;k w,fr,f[kajymavh&So
d nf/
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f mudajk ymrdcv
hJ Qiigf t
h m;enfcsujf zpfonf[,l
k qyg/
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
262
usrf ; ud k u m;csuf r sm;

ormusr;f pm (Holy Bible) The Eagle Edition, 2006,
Translated By Rev. Dr. Judson D.D.
rSefeef;&mZ0if yxrtBudrf oHk;wGJaygif;csKyf (&efukef

2008)
a'guw
f moef;xGe;f acwfa[mif;jrefrm&mZ0if(&efuek ?f
rHka&T;pmay?pwkwyHkESdyf?2008)
a'guw
f moef;xGe;f ?jrefrmhordik ;f yH(&ef
k uek ?frHak &T;pmay?
2004)
OD ; atmif o d e f ; [ef ? jref r mh E d k i f i H o rd k i f ; opf ?
&efuek 0f if;jrifyh EkH ydS w
f u
kd ?f 2008
ur m h o rd k i f ; \ rS w f w k d i f ; rsm;-yxrwG J ? (&ef u k e f jrefrmhq&kd ,
S v
f pfygwDyHEk ydS ?f yryHEk ydS ?f 1975)Adv
k cf sKyf
BuD;ae0if;acwf
OD;odef;azjrifh csif;0daoowdkif;orkdif;tp (&efukef -
263
1967)
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if \
H zGUJ pnf;yHtaj
k ccHOya'?1947/
jynfaxmifpq
k &k d ,
S v
f pforwjrefrmEdik if aH wmfzUpJ G nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
1974/
jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEdik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
2008/
OD ; ausmf
(atmif j rwf a usmf )
jrefrmEdik if t
H yk cf syk af &;e,fajrrsm;zGUJ pnf;rIordik ;f ?&efuek ?f
ausmpf may?2012/
OD ; pD x ef Z oG i f ; ? csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm;\ork d i f ; jzpf p Of E S i f h
&d;k &m,Ofaus;rI"avhxH;k pHrsm;tusO;f ?&efuek ?f csi;f o
rkid ;f jyKpak &;aumfrwD?2001/
Zolai / English
Sing Khaw Khai, The Culture Meaning Of The Racial
Name "Zomi". Edited by Dr. Tual Cin Neihsial, Zogam
News. Research Publications, Appollo Veng,Lamka,
1984.
264
J.Gin Za Tuang, Zomi Innkuan, Tedim, 1986.
Rev. Dr. Thawng Go Thang, Khamtung Mite Ciim Le

Khul, TANGKO. Lom-36, Hawm 4, TTBA, Tonzang,
2013, P. 12-13.
Dr. George Abraham Grieson, Superintendent Linguistic

Survey of India Culcutta, 1904. He was writen Chin as
"Kyang"
Prof. Dr. C. Thang Za Tuan , Zolus Journal; Vol. 16,

2012, .
Prof. Dr. C. Thang Za Tuan, TTBA. Silver Jubilee Laibu,

Tonzang, 1975-2000, p. 4, Source:- Major Ba Shan leh
Taw Sein, 1932,
Khoi Lam Thang, 2013. Zokam leh Zolai, Zolai Simbu

kum 100 Cin ciaptehna, (1913-2013).Kalaymyo, ZCLS.
2013.
Col. Kam Pum, Chin National Day, Golden Jubilee Commemorative Magazine-(1941-1998) Laimai, 152-157).
Than Shwe:- Unmasking Burma's Tyran, Silkworm

Books, Thailand, Bankok, 2013.
265
jynfaxmifpk qdk&S,fvpforw jrefrmEdkifiHawmf

Ed k i f i H a wmf a umif p D
aMujimcsuf
trSwf 13^88
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(1988 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv 11 &uf)
ygwDpHkpepfjzifh axGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ
usif;ya&;ESifh pyfvsOf;
jynfolYvTwfawmfu qHk;jzwfjcif;
1350 jynfhESpf? awmfovif;vqef; (1) &uf
(11-9-88) aeY w G i f usif ; yonf h pwk w tBud r f
jynf o l Y v T w f a wmf ta&;ay:tpnf ; ta0;
EdkifiHawmfat;csrf; wnfNidrfvmapa&;? jynfolrsm;
pd w f a t;csrf ; om &S d v ma&;ES i f h xl l ; jcm;aom
tajctaewpf & yf u d k ajz&S i f ; Ed k i f a &;wk d Y twG u f
266
tajccH O ya'>cif ; csuf j yKNyD ; ygwD p H k p epf j zif h

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jynf o l Y v T w f a wmf
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267
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rsm;
rif;BuD;
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8/
268
(5) q&mcs,f
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269
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Kuki - Chin - Zomi - Mizo. Myanmar Version

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Droits d'auteur :

Kuki - Chin - Zomi - Mizo. Myanmar Version

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Droits d'auteur :

csif;vlrsdK;rsm;taMumif;

csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;onfrGe*f ;kd &D;,m;rsKd ;EG,rf sm;r[kwyf g/

orkdif; (&mZ0if) trsdK;rsdK;&SdouJhodkY 'DpmtkyfxJrSm

vlrsdK;trnfESifh vlwpfa,muftrnf zkef;uG,fr&yg/

6/ csif ; jynf e ,f jyef w rf ; 0if t &m&S d ppf X merS

pum;vH;k oH;k EIe;f yHu

'Dpmtkyrf mS ]]csi;f }}[kqakd ompum;&yfrmS

tqd&k adS omfvnf;ajrjyefcsi;f rsm;wcsKUd uuefu

twl w l a exk d i f c J h a omf v nf ; bmompum; EG , f p k t &

csif ; wd k Y u d k rG e f * d k v D ; EG , f 0 if ; rsm;? wd A uf jrefrmpum;ajymtEG,0f ifrsm;jzpf(Arm)uReaf wmfEiS hf

oifcef;pmausmif;oHk;pmtkyfjyKpkaomtcg 1923 ckESpf Rev.

avh v mpH k p rf ; enf ; (7)rsKd ; ES i f h oif \ t&nf t csif ;

(5) rEkaA'qdkif&mynm&Sif (Anthropology) rsm;\

(10) a0g[m&aA'ynm&Sif (Philologist) rsm;\pmtkyzf wfyg/

uGrf;,m;pm;ovdk? tkef;oD;tcGHcGm pm;ovdk? BuHudkvSD;

ar;cGe;f - tdrpf mtwGuf trSef (

ajzyg/ (Rhetorical question)

tcef; (1) csif;vlrsKd;rsm;\ ordkif;tp

tcef; (2) ZdkrD;ESifh csif;tac:ta0:

t c e f ; ( 3 ) - waumif ; jynf w nf a xmif o l r sm;

odaYk omf 2010 ckEpS f rSp ygwpD 'kH rD u

ESihf Mai, "a" ESifh "i" udv

tcef;(5)- wdik ;f &if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;\t"duvdv

csif;ESifh ucsifnDtpfudkrsm; jzpfjcif;udk

&Si;f jycJyh gonf/

tcef; (7) - em*g;vlrsK;d rsm;ucsi;f vlrsK;d EG,[

vlrsKd;BuD;tjzpf aexdkifcJhMuygnf/ (u? 35;23-26)/ 1948

xm0&bk&m;ocifonf ,mukyf (Jocob) udk Israel ]]tpa&;}}[ktrnfajymif;vJac:qckd o

if ; tm; ord k i f ; t& ,ck c sif ; vl r sKd ; rsm; ES i f h v nf ;

ac:a0:Mujcif;jzpfonf/ tjcm;tbd"mef t*Fvyd v

JoArare spelling variant of Joe diminutive of the male given name

[k ac:qd k M uum if ; qd k v d k & if ; t"d y g ,f r S m

vl r sKd ; rsm;ud k wd A uf j ref r mbmompum;ajymqd k aeol

a&S ; acwf u p ork d i f ; ynm&S i f r sm;u

jref r mEk d i f o m;w csd K U u d k rG e f u d k ; &D ; ,m;trsd K ;tEG , f r S

odkYaomf pma&;olu csifvlrsdK;ESifhrsdK;EG,fwlrsm;udk rGef*dkvD;

t&if E S p f o nf r S m csif ; ork d i f ; pma&;q&mrsm;u

Zo-Tedim, Zotung, Zophei, Zo- Hakha &So

rSefonf^ rSm;onf[k jiif;aeMuonf/ ESpfrsdK;pvHk; ]]Zdk}}u

2/]] csi;f }}(Chiang) [laom trnfpwifjzpfay:vmyHk

oH;k EIe;f xm;yHu

wDAufpum;rSm Zdk (Jo, Zo, Cho) udk Chiang [k

t"dyg,frSm awmxJ wGif odk;xdef; aexdkifaom

csif;dkifNrKd U?wkwEf ikd if H Tsinhua University

wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;\vlrsKd ;emrnfudrSk eu

ES i f h t jcm;a'otvd k u f a c:qk d a omvl r sd K ;rsm;ud k

jrefrmaiGukd Chyat tpm; Kyat [ka&;jrif;Ncu

4/]]csif;}}[k ac:qdkaom ordkif;rSwfwrf;rsm;

ausmf usL;ausmfaexkdufjcif; r&Sday/ ordkif;udk

(ted r f h t jrif h ) yif u d 10wk d u f w k d Y j zpf & um;?

a&;um Jo uae Chiang tjzpfajymif;vJ Chiang udk

wGif Chiang udk Chien [k a&;om;xm;aomaMumifh

Armpmjzif h Kyeng [k a&;NyD ; Chin [k

azmfjyxm;ygonf/ csif; (Chin) udk NAdwdoQtpdk;&u

csi;f rBudKuaf om Zdrk ;D rsm;

[l a om pum;vH k ; ud k csif ; vl r sd K ;rsm;u

a,musfm;? rdef;r cGJjcm;xm;aom xHk;pH&Sdonf/ xdkuJhodkY

oufvrl sKd ;rsm;ESihf csi;f vlrsKd ;rsm;

tbD & mZmac: omuD r sK d ; EG , f r sm;u td E d , Ed k i f i H r S v m

]]jref}}vlrsKd ;rS jrefrm

&Sif;jyonf/ (Armvm;? jrefrmvm; 2011)/ pDxefZoGif;

oD&dvuFm (Bangaladesh) EdkifiHuae jrefrmEdkifiHodkY

tm&SrsdK;EG,frsm;\ trsm;qkdifemrnf rSm tar&duef

trIaqmifrsm;ESihf &Sr;f ? csi;f ? ucsi?f &cdik f ud,

&ufaeYtxdusi;f ypum;jyifoydl 0k rf;udak [m (Vum Khaw

(*VefOD;apm AdkvfcsKyfvkyfBuHol) Mr. Steven Son vnf;