The Black Atlantic

adernity und Duble Cnnscioumexs

anl Gilroy

FAV

Com Hummm:

and my makhn'

wpyngm 1991 M
ngm Atwrvcd
Printed m ou uma

mw cy-my

Au

Maus

armm

comnghr
]:muwddon human, o mm ..,4 Unknown Bum:W<H0n ww

sm WMM
uma... Rom Vmgum.

mudem ,

sm

m. mmm,
M'Elitn

mmm
m:l'nnh:

anh:

uzzrpu lrnm

um .m: L'nvuxsm, mumu

am uthndegm
mmm" Mwm" 1953 mm anhr mmm
A

me;qu hmmm

wmm um um
mm anbx,Xicmnku
Mznusmpr
why"
mm
WWW..

,....

ms
mk pum um Mqupcr, .u
hdw m.. um fnrumxgm um um",

hmm,; .uma.

Dum

um. ,,,-cm r.:mwwmuwm.m

Gilmv, um

MM Adam: mmm m duuNr MWM / v...;

m
Gum,.

(...

mmm w.,rm.,nv1 Mm. mu mm

mm
uam ums mm; Mm
lnldkmul
|

Hmhrlnwllmmvkk : MWWW.
w

ur:

szqudun

ua pm

mmm Ruah um,

rFlnyAlavNM,Sym1-1u
mm.. .um. mecd
uma
Mdudx' Lmumdf WL (Hernan br...-n

idhmuu
um. crm";
Pcny szdd. rue mma lnnunnn," na:
&)
Rubik,
sum, mz um permmmn

WMM,

MM.

hum

; Amwmmm

um ms um
N!;
mm Mu
un mm

m,

41

_!kum Bondzgc": Blck Music nd the

menddty

E. B, Du Bois,
(Dis)plzcem=m
of
Conmlndon ofTears": Richard Wright,

Ivy Tuvalu":
und the l'olllics

71

W.

111

,,

|:

.Iclu humm maplumnd csam n grew no,

rwu luau ng un [hc Msm nho ologv to a urge

lmdcms who um npmd nm m may tlm mmm :;

lig" nflhclrdnmgagcmmz from um hf: ohh: mind

Wont. um Icmucs wc my :;er m the morning
Ink: Mmhgl
lecauk, mumu l:.-nm", mmm Sen
lex)", ]mjgcn Habermas, Sum Hm, Camel W'uk, Iane

&

'

th

I
wcm worth undgnmndmg und Arguing bom.
aw
How
wuh
Europe
ccmred
mar
m:
no punclualc
ohh:
dnwn from due dnssouzm :cnmbunons nf black Mixers w
: and comun-Enngmmmem cunccrus.
developed (mm my uncwu attempts to show um:

mumu

mmm

l'mmd so puzmg
m produce ns evidence some uflhc
had
black inmuecmh
saxdfxomeumes as defendeu of me
ils
.;
snmxsx :micxfnbouz zh acme orzmbcddcduess
=| Mum
) xclx um me dimu-mom nhhe pulam "al Argumcms (har ::=
in more mu um Ir ;huws ho mmm n.!(innallsr pm?
mt hen .onnomcd lvy rh: mr
and umsnmml formaram me call the black Allium [:
41
mxm
mr. mm and pllilmophvml clan; or
black ndam. many m rm
history
fresh
the
nf
on
me
:
.::Pkss .u own .uubmlcm bo. em fmm Alim.
me. 2 nas promptcd by um amem? of.! concern wuh "mte m

uma

(yFrummostromcmpnmrym

mk mmm"

ngsaboulmodcmlwharguruhnt

.*

..un. ...a .m............

... mmlclnily,

.1.h|.kc,._..vumw

|. "g.... .|.... .|... Ulenry md pl....

se...... mudam....,. o. .|.. H...; An...... have rllcrorigms i.. .. wclldexchmcd sem: ohh: .:umphmv
Unum. m...... .!an w| u mpmm

Inch-d lia-lu

Chlpmr &
punk. these themes ... cmuununn thh hixmri | c......
menmryon
...em cm.... ...m... |. ..e... .. i...c...... or.... ... ...m...
...e .a... ofuhmc .uuhmn." .|... ...e mu......
u......gh

'
.

:ollitmucd
.
mmm nr .|... mu..., the genda nim-mms ;. :clthmtm, ...| .|.. mugn
...um. .. Famxly .|... +...-. um..... ... uupormnr p.... um...... ......u. g
...d ......p.=....g .., Th: ...m-. mas to dcmamlnm
|.. .|.. p..|..........,..
hmem :sscuunlst .md nntrcixndzlisz mumia uflvhck idem y |....
|
mmc unhclpful |. ...um. .|... enabling .|.: m...... ..r M...-|. An......

n...... ....gh. pla) um! ...|. |.. conxzrucung

.
n...-.....- ...da... gum...

..

("mm.-1ex......mumupmda.....a... w 5 un.. |< ...um.h...... Lhcmy o"dunb1e comum......" ...mas.

o... um.. ccnnll
mgawismg
m...... of.....vm... work ;. qucmmls .|.. W...... ..| |... ...|.
.|.. cmcrgcuz :annu oiMx-mrAnumm ...|...n| mm... ...| ...a...
.|.: m...... em... v...-M......s... ...a .... m......|..." .... .|.. clcmmn
...
.

|... thmkmg a.... were (unlgllred |...

. mm.. Ama......mn'mn
,.
nanamm 11... ch...... . mundu! ... .|... )...... black An...... c..
.|
p.
...m...
.. ...um: ..... ohh: ...|. phases .|.... Iwi he.-.. .|."...
..
....d . .|.. "...| ...
cmp. Simen'nnd ...-...... a......m m m...... .... ..
..grm
...
pos!
......sz
..... ).uinn so.....c. | ...ggcs. .|... U.. "...e.
[murhand mldmxhpm Eurpe translhnnud |... und
smuhngm u....and ... pl. |.. .|.: modern ...m,
('hpter s co......ucs .|... |.nc omgumenz ....h p.....uu .|....
.... (.|
.
mmm
..1
....|
black Aum
... ... |.. |...
...|.
u. pau...-s .. man...... ag...... .|.. bckgrmmdi ... ..no...-... L...-.....
...| .|.. cmp...-...... ... p....r<.>|m....|, me...-...|...- ......... ...... ... Ar........ cm.... . anh. .. Mem.. mi.... .|...- r....|...
. ... Am....
A......m. h...-,..., ...um... |"... ...g... .|.... .|..
w... |.. prmlucul wlnlt
|....g... E.....pc ..........|.|<....1.c........pwd ...|... .....pwuly
num-mlk
...|... 'rlLillg< He .. .].p|....|..| |... |... ...a... ... ...|. .|.. pum um..|.
Ammann ....|. .|..
...|......=.| pcm...
..... c..... um...
win: 13qu
lhcun' ..: ...-ml ...|.....|...........
.|... m.-hmm .. pmhul
Th.|... ...... .|. ...|. . mmm du...-.|.... num...m und |||:
|.........|. .....|.|.. .|....|.....|..|....
um..-||
......
um
.|.... .. lumulul ......| mmmunn um] chu)".
A

.|....

anm

...qu

m.

'

dm

...:,

mm..

||-mw .|.. flr-vm,

'

Hmm

.....| IE Mulw ;. [Brink

md |.. m...... m um. ...O....F.
.. 3.
P dawn m...: .... mm.!qj
.im.
hmmm nd
u um mmm

rs

,
,,

.... m.... .. ..

mnie

IIIIW

(Wma-um. ubuvwmmmrl _;<>ffv*)l_

||| md |W" lm ivn-"" f . " um

cmzcnor

inm v...-Am....
m.]
Mdhwhmuwci,

Krem?
n

"...m...

.
.|.. um. mm... '"
....1 pohncalvauwue-x
errm.
.|... :|. the mv |m|-knm|n Mack Admw .... ",;
_flnm .|..
vm nl Humm. "i?-.? :*
||... .hey. ra hem m lw] bn
uma,
|.| |... ..... ...|... .....pm |.
. bcg|||| .|.. . ..... ..
U(nmcunrcmmmrcnncal(hum
-

.
|
nlvuymc ||... ......m 1... ...mun... uma...
, ......d,
.. |. mm.-...| |... .|.. .
|....| ..."... [...-L;...k
.11... |... |. my |.... .|... .|.. ...um... ... . ...] fo
_

mmp..d....4.1..-

uma"... nlm-xsxouls w...!

"md:
mund um. pa m
Mdus
uwsmyablc hyhnvmry
nham
fn

.=.

: ..,

...,. .uup
,my my .|..
books
.|...
.|..
"...| . d.....
..... e.1 ....
...um...... w..|. m...-|. ...- conduu
..:. p.. m..
n.. |||-mw "|||... M...-mg.... =| , :uuuht

"Wm m..mh.||.y .| ldcuuues wmd. zm

um:.

always

,
.

mrs n; eu alcwuan '., Inwugvzme

fur hm! mmm m
n me
hn u.); n.. wav m: m
Wnim Baum n

ma ohvadd bmw m m: us.

m um mam.
m

W) um mmrm them mm

um

Wup,

Wc
bumcd our max:; Lwluud
us,
Hm mm bd
anhcrand
demmed
m ..; Now, um: smp.
, hm gone
LK
um: ,a, ,: m: mm m u., : ou um nlwnyi man and a mm
mn kisllkamlguldnndmmlaofgraurwmeu liuthusmummc
um
md um mn: .; nblluug mmc mumu Khan
am
Imd
Ich
[me now >mkcs m: mus mw, mga WM,
m.
. lh:
um humcnck Vm the xm wl'u hzd n&md mmc faldamfand (ha:

luy Aum-

(hc

hm mx have

um

mmm

|W

um

[ashm

and

Wooxely

um
cmkulv
m. n mk
imp; um!" wlon nlk uma much m mv asmrzum, furl kncw

mm,

In dhdncdvz md hmanblc
um: . W:
nuld we In nl home 'm um muy;
w: fcc! dufamur
.
ao na
.
mm
home even m m.; fmyk,
we do um bclkv: Hur thq wnll Azar Tlm' nur
:
'
Ihc wmd um
Imune very
mhmmkucmuumx:
Open . ind
, farc: um
.;

mm

"m

mm

da,

WIN/':.khavwnl qualmn. Iinokcvcrycmmodm m

. on.! |: [eum um km em oizhe components nf
dmcpmd um:
:vmrmcxsufour
: Mw um, m
Muuu;
me
:;
m'
strength
and nur
digna)
mma
mm..
mu mxm
.

TO BE mm Emp.-m and black requimx some xp

:unxuumm uy mymg m.; 1 do um menu lo xuggtst
um
HI! Ehh"
nf lxllh of [best GHIIIICd lcnuues necassznl
luhjecdvn

mamas

nf um particulr

mmm

Huwcwr,

umhlpl m mm these Mamma zppeum bc munmlly aclumc

uu up:: bem-::: a. mrtrymg m dcmonsmte me"

Iggynvhwud
,,

mam

| plm'uczw .an even nppmitnm] m ofpolmca:

English uk:
' .mmporlry blzck
kum
go.

nu

uma

blu,

zhn-

AugluAir ansefaarllcrgenr

[n me West,

bom of which

mun bum"

(m least)

hm mumcd thrugh zh:

awymhuunnuym m lumgulslic
,
n Moulin": which lddn m the mnA

language: rm" and

um

man,

mn

pumaly
,

dia mm ]uncuou
Lnnchz ufnaummhry nh me mntcpr
455
cics
and me
md zlmrmns whlch Jmk me black ul'lhr
m (ml
nfthcir adopmc, pmuknl culmm (hc imellccum hcnlmgc ufllh- Wm
hmc bccnmc fa "med wnh IIUW me
since um E
mumu
genemtmnx of black lnzcllzctunk have understood Alm tonneuuul .mll
huwtlm lm'c prulcczcd it in mevrwndngm walking m pnnml
dum, ntiz lslup, und Mm md polmcal emanam;
m
n [hls dppmm m Ind: 111an mm .. muudaboul .w m' um; um
me rcfle'm'c cuhmes und mm.,umcss uf'rhc Europe.! Willem and mm
of the m ame tllev msm-d, dl: "Induns" [hay slanghlcmd, ml um
Amns (hq mdenmmd were um. nc" m slumriolu
mm cxlmm!
mmluy, scalcd ornmmemuv fmm ,h mhcl, [hm sn bc n. Thi
mm:
:
; though ;: mughi [o ba nn um..); md Maw. nbvclmlinn, [mr .
mk chamam Ins bem mmm, obxwrcd by commcnmmm Imm uu
sides ofpohucal >.ka
Ormuz aih'hsnon (0 the riglll.1cll,m
Luck
[.lllm
mumu
[me
um nfmluu] mmm. m, ou m.
um, groups
nvu'mlcgmtcd coucepnon, of culmw which pm:. uuuuuablc, ellmlu
dmfmms as an absolute bm n the hxsumcs md cxpcncnccsnl miar
another,
un.-un upmd W)-mc" people Against m.;
mm um fhcorisanou m frevhsnliun. mmsxgl', mainly:, .um hyhmlw
From the vvcwpoml o! cthmr .msnlurmu, mi would lw muy urpollu.
.
These lmm ..m mhcr
nf numlul
m, .md ,...,
the
rzh-r umd
(vl'mlmul luummm und umlnu ullmm mmm.- .um mml mmm: lw [u nulull,

um;

,'

wuyl nl um:
m
Im: In:-( In my

pmkum, (hi; charm kg

homen racc.

[o

culmm mina.Jim md

me .ulum ar um
med :luwllcw dmwhwh
me swks

Unum

IMI

)!

Smam

md Lhe polida] mega: um Bnum's huck

." .|., mmy. W,,- ..|- SL,, . mhz.

bm

'

[(le (unrcm

Khmr

xllwuupuon has

50

arte

.lnl'ruxlondm nnllzyymnuuzlbcl ging,and

111"
mumvply xuppnncd kw Church of
m
essmuul
'na blnlmed culmmh
mm:" Th:
win =x Ihc ku,
um
popular
which
dw
m
num
,.hmuxc diffemucc, Thu is ,,qu ;(, dm ir
um mulher md ." Ihc um uma acqu'ues m

'

mmm

md

bm. mwarkcd

hem,
qlludnm nfehm': Mmmy that have cnn

|.um: whkll

mm

um,

mneupzunb ;

.um-gl mmm forms my

*V-

.,er

Hummm

Fuel-Hum

pgem meu um

comeu or ulndun Humm; own unudv cn,

Jllturlsmnl mu m, Mrhzr um. make m: |n1

cht

um

maul; pnucmAn m n have

"rum"

,um md;

m.

,.

&&

,,,,

,,

,.

ImughWargclyipmmdlxywcm.
.
rhvw uimulmul n. mullmu &'
m.
'
'
tcgnry
'HicycrymIhm
mm
unnns fm mmm unem .unl cultural humm
(mlsfommnonsul' u,.- w. nl n.: mumu: mh-mh .
mmm",
zh: btgmnmg uma mnctccmh muurm ...
mm mwcl lymludl '
and nwdu nndcnuscmn, Any ,hm mmm, ..
'.
pmmg ,
shuuld um, hun/c ,,
mn me compxmuua puwcl ul'lln , lm
mm
sublcczivlucs and (hr: movements (Im
um... lu htm lc" [
Tum pw"lm,.rmnmng.grown,dellmrubiqmwAnlucnnnum .
mmm Sens: um: world culmuly uummllelml by nu- hngungn
cms and xuunhsm bv which (hay
om appmmd to h.: hem Nvu-<li.
M; mumu hn: 1< lmwnh cxplzmmg Lhmr langum mul cudunng apptnl
&
pmblcms um ,, w rmm
len um. cxplonng mm: mn: spc .u poh

hmm ur culmml kmxhip

(n Eng .. mmm-al Hic dunas snuplc
me Rmm uruumm msxdcrism lhcv

mim:."

mu...; um

,.

Hmm

uh mlly humugeucuus obv

um dmc In me name...uc prwcdnrcs dor
Humm cuhummmem.
mmm :ulnml um lm posluuncd
um Iilcmry
um. nua. nrmm hmm
mumu-c mudlliliu ul'Mnrxin mulpis

lh: union

m.
-

,...

uu'
hm
llu'

mm muync

dmxcm

c.

Mx

nr tmnvem dy"

'

xwwhwhuhm(nnlpmhcndrhldonhlenw

me

.um-mmm

dvsnugmxh

cxpcncucc of bin-k

from the rcccnr .pccmculzr growth of

pmleeulmum um (vhscurt & wnspicuoux
nd

dunga Em um navrowncxs m nn hm. . cnmuu um (III

much mnuunl rw also bm challengcd fmm hhm nm Mm mmmu/mrybyzlm1kcn whome prq-vinil
to rcnuumc (hc casv a. us UI'Al'rmnn
Ammcm cwpnunalmn m (meu] um glnhzw, coahnmul pillmn in whizh
zm mpenalism and ann musm ngm La: szcn m immc: lfmu m lim.
no work ui mmc uf mm: mmm. wll bc exmmncd uv suhscqueln
prcsenl

central orgnnixmg Symbol

For

lmnhcnwlice (mimi mdes nr mm [h:

Imrmlmm llwnys unw m pullcrm Kung! um:
,Mylmmogcncous lmuou uma. Thu nmkcu'ug

nun'nrmuumnuma as.|Juru-u:audcuuixublcn
p. "um . lzcnlulary uma. .np m- pmjm m'

this unter) yr and . my amninl

'
,

'

zh:luawmcmofkeyculzuxalmdpohuczlnena;-zlanumknguumv il

.| Info md muiuxml'Mmm

mmm:
mmm

num-uu Dell-m um

uma;

'
-

WI!

qures

Immune, lmtm'v, and

:oum'us.
ng an .1 ounl of the burr
um
mlnnlivu rn,. wldrr, modern, Euluptall
Inu-, md m =wa mga uxannlug me piar:

n,

orww
me

Munn: nfmlruml mm (sell.

o... In uhuohimmcal pm.;mwe

mnmm

'

mm mm., nm pm addm-u
conccpmal
.md
Al'r'
Enghxh
problum;
a..Amman m
mmc
Enmmnn m
mzur]
of
ch,
w
em.
mnha
[ocm um u
mm, mm a
'aunrhcumj n) me nm.,mmlm, incial
nr
mnnuoml ihrnmlmn un the hluk Annnrlc, 'n

vc munlxdau fm

mumu" mmm
which
|:
The
question
appearx
.
*?
. mmm um lpnrum mm, as . me
of
mn mm (Im mm www ..m gmng m
.
nm II (| hard uol lu u'undcr mm mmh
mmluumm nin cui-um xunues .s gchrlmd
Eu llml ||an Memo! 115 sim;; Em
um"Tim
point
lulu coxuidcmliuu ul'lhc edmar
-

nen ou [hc middle pasmgc, ou me no; prolecu rm vrdcmpm'c mmm

m .m African homeland, ou me ircuhnou ol idea: and Mwm; . wcll

R,:

..1... um.-

lemmgc uflh:51prlning,micra-Cullum,minrvnulmulxyn.
ln
um mann" s apena) mpormnr foi humm .J Md lhcnmhml um
sons um: mpg will beeem: uma bdow Ships immcdlalch' Emu um.
phne xeconlx, and chmn
The
um. Ch.!pmr

Uudzumndinghcu dma
m

Chip!" also pmpnccx some mw Lhmnotopul fhm might ' wuh

.
1555 .
mm um
amd by m mspccmll ofrhc memann amd
W
mg. y of moda n mon mm mm :uhcr hnghah nr Amr-Amma...
cuhuul num haw so na, been. ; hm ;:uicd un m Image
"|;qu m
mmm" acres zh: spaces bcmccn Europc, Amelia, Al'rlu, "l,lhf(v1|rn'
pcm:

cvalmnun ()!-the 135 m ma.

an mnhium,
.
um .muuu mrlucnhan dzv

This

nido".

m'a-lca

(hmm

mn &;

u modernilv pm

America'xhmnncsofculmul and polmml Av.hm .unlurganiwrnu Hb

another. aciond pcrspccuv: Mrh which m oncnl mv mm pus n, 1-1
um me um ufcihmf pmuuw
.um mnulmhsm lm [vm' cd in mtu

mmlptlle

' mu rlllnkm,

Inmnbwluzhm (Im curlrully dumnums

':

Muuu

contempom Pump: lequuu me to wk .mpmuon Hulu mherluu

mld,AncH'en,rn nukcm .mu [Mahurncx acloxnhcAleu.vlb

,,

hypumu nbom me
lpnlemkwhkhr ulmmgh

vaemh formam
cultural

Thu:rhmununsmmlmamhgll'xllc)xprlng.nlnylbrme(|.l'mmtllcln
Spn]

'

'

um

I'ur Ihc

mga m um racmhsd

Humm crln' ,, ., ,...,. .

minh bum tlm: Nuri with cnn
iwp-mm mkuml :xpmmlmu, .umlym,
ln mmm: mls. mim um" luluucd ..

,",

mm

Hmm, um-

Iliu-lwlmunnlmprlnrm

Hummm,

vcuuuy' lhc lerm

rthr-nl'cullmr'

m. magnum

m'?

Mm

uh,,
titnium!

'
v. m.;-*.*
.

u.

um,
mmm wllichcluuuevhezllcilmmnnlmln
.

m.

v: submn
unuupmlmumnppmc'mulm

,,

lh: dlxcoulscufmmmmmln
um um um muuupolm mzhcr 1h.- nlugc nl'hc mm ar um em
_ompx o(bmxugmny [mm mm (Mutum As m nv rh: future of
um um. .; Lunccmcd, .! should bc mau) Impunnnl tlm hum

um,

Emplovcd

(hose European

md szhrm yudscnmnnhanrc mmm

ro nunk khmngh

'

um

,,

um] (msn..
Tmung (hc mm Ngm rmm
me
www nf .nwn min:
mnmucrud md Ihc" condmem nfcxmvmu ,.. mmm" m mmc-m
mmm znd pmlosophy as mu &. Opa.!" mm mn wnmhule m
(a un exhnuhlswnm] reading ok zh: aspxmnous nfwrslcm mmlcmity '
hak- ...d to the crmquc ofEnIAghrcnnmm .mumpnum m pmi. um, 1,
ccmmh a.: case um ,de About "mec," mmm, .md Ammvmhly &
an Impurmnuenm m'mnnnum kmg
glnh nllmml aludiu) md. (
umsmums nfmspuJrinnlhcdmmucsokmudem I:.uruptmwullo
dm arc mnsmnnv (nnfgurcd by the apra. m annual ml "um

"

'

:!

fcmnt unm m me acmucncs m Huge.

Sw.

'

,,

,.

'

'

Ily-wd
rl:

'

umhvc

Cmm Wh
Fw W (1?th
uditnim
l

uulplydmamlyllcmmm .s cnc ubwous

NTI: :mplmuclly ""' chama

Hm

m Lulmml

polida. swat movimenta

md "n" '" 'h

mn. the

|"an

" Fn'

nd If' Pmbkm f

lixe-uu vm uns-= moema mumu!

nun-nun and apmml a; a (mural pum :|I
,

Mu emrmcnr lhxcnulw armam English

uflhcprlmlriveandrhn
mi which had

Ill'lnmmxlmg ur "mluuc" dllfcrcnccs her

md ulllmlc mmm m Ihr: pm. na Much

' "bane: palm luwlndv anlvsluw Chns'
nued umlmum...m umnwvuww
IAwmlburnH-wm-mrglmmth

p-x

among mhm)
rum mznlculmrnl mhr und m
pon the pmducuon u: zcsrhmc ludgcnmm m mmm .ny num.
dum-m m .nn'cfcnum, fnr Lumplc, hcnvccn ..mhmm "mn- md.
Hcgcl pm) ",
"th mmx dcrrsuble mw." Gam .mphmm a com
gcllcalugv . Inch amblguvucs m Mum qlncu':
mmm". um.
prmpt mapumc iu Hum m. um hu Mum], m mm. m WIn-op
'
dcharrsmerzhcnarumur'lmullv ml,ublmmyRumnlmrhcvmrkuf
'
.md
nlrmhmnnn"filmcvcpmwllmmulufhhlelmeu
m
.dvn
mmmml m n..- mumu/:x; um um pluma ar:-num um ul
Scmlmm ." Ihc wmk m ,ulmlurnnwm
mm. um: um uul Walnl
Hu-u,m mumu-.|
(In] hm.
mnh .|
"mumu um
Wim u
m m. Ihc |mr1mn-n nrmu upclllll.
man..-

mmm,

mm:, mm. and mmm vaum ' Thu

'lhnnld h um um wcclsch hw

'

'

mm, .md Nm

,..mu.

..

wk

Gummpmmsommm mmm figmcnhhc Mach.....m

hu diwwlmx

ly

sublxmc, M +.

nr lh:

: mzkcscI-Ihnmrr

11.15

W "um vn-"

Hummm tlh
"fm-ll vh-k
lllbllme feeling ul'urmr m & [mv whose

by.-umlmw

'in":

"&

mu

'

|thth

"truth-lunknwn4Muls-'N"

apelidou.indepcndcmufmy
"ut lh 'd" f Nki
uw'lhoymmmnlvln".A-.marhhchw
-

'

vw

"

50 (kg)]

m nh hmm. inmumu nl'

Huang.nm mlvcumnic
has almzdv bec" mmc h,- s.. .
www:
].
Curu.
xand nxhcrsun Ihc hmnran-H'uh'uf
Gllmnnchw
m: dlscumonmxluch [hum! mudem ulhllr-ll
"Inge m thc Mac
053

amam

dobmuabmn
,.
mun-nun Ind how
pr mm
.

wn-n" (CIMM " wa

" n which
Hmem"-m m "mh WW

'?

HH

um

m: pmmwnur'mmmmmry

Pum-dni?
Tlus is nt the pm: m

mm; m

Inqulnulnmmc

I: 1- Nam-ubi: mm
unm- f
f na.na qulfly hrMm! "r f'hx

_,
x

,.

.m

, m be
WW

Lap-mmm, mduxmahxnliun, .um pulitkal dumncmcy and

[mmm

w,

"
'1
,
&

A
.

naum | um uunwmm

ul'n lmy wlm Iml

mul

mehrdhhllghhul

ihlncknhiccmmmhlm

upou ncndenmlly (aging

hw

"'

'

gradual num,
Ivy

,de
deoxway
mumu <nqmry
mmm
m

,
mm
uHluglih
.
much
:ulrunl
-
k, .

ch :rgued
mew

nembekumdcdk ginup;nunhuxmamiun nflmw

w:

inm wlu:
contemporary manufesmrjons ofthls mduum
b
d Englishunsoi
L:cbmu'un

Thu '
ofEnghud
ullcd mmm
li

1 m
m n-.o qmm . anwcd
mm
mmm colonu . "
hmory m blark mm
pos!
:

mmm Kingdum. 'n:

the cinzenshvp nghb bmu
black, inmnauonn] mnsc'pwcnlurumnhudngm
#

'

(onumon emm u|| smdics .ud Nm

cumstanccs . J
pulmcs batam: msm. lexc ; pmmund nsfumuuun. ur

: 195 s d .d,
men and m
mu xuully

: -M nv
kowcdg=d,uanoflamcmsfnr: mxm
Longer pmclicablc fzer
193945 war.
dm wma
Th: cama!-Amd Insmrv nfblafk num. nem! um b:
here. n main! Bugmmt rum , mmm . sum-
'
dick book W smm' Vam, Hi -.e u

vary mm
em meamng ofEnghxh
,- dus- .nugons115hm'c htuymc |.

(mumu

'

anl

mm

'

md

rupenul

pmmmcnl.
India :xammed

much "mn: formam: mon-.eu

hlplhould

mn

.mm

:xpcncncc hcac cnsnx m

my

nrsumw

pm|

this

angmscd hznmnpcwzrful mo:

numndelmunnnmehism : uma! andculnvn]

' mun-dn" Wh" h nmvinuxly bm suwyd
,
me
um
bywuuumwnd

Ichnuu

by

nfEng
Thump

mlcmzl
um
-mpmsluucd
th nmslporcnzconcepnom
-11| rmdmmmn
by
oumdenllkc(zrlylc.SWf
wmimmd

,mnmuguusly

um

.n

mun

'

uh

na:

and

mude. her:
pam

a|

mmm
having bm gentmredinacnmpln

n-wm |||: num niml nd lmwri'

uu

?nllzlumllw.

mma:mmam
_'
,

'

um

mralisr - v; mdw. would cxplam lw -! r

edm' mima xKuRtem-u
Englmh meets mamfcmmn
mguposted e pai ann- a mophc Thi new
umw.o|
unc whlnh
gmmm pm
.drbelonging
"" oselwm
mdw de
plc :ulmml rcrcncc rather ,u emu-x= Humm: hlenrchy

llkcly bc

Inudablc, mdlczl varicucs

unusmnupenca.w.|ymlueu4'

cimummucu VII-Il huck-lm

sunng: conmm emerge!
)
:uddcnly
he
nmuy
uw ppem.

'
u
zmngoulnm lmwun um
, . -wu
Whnwvnr vin

nfmmupollm, mm

nam-l(nnduully.

mas

1357

calm

I'

nmd:<.Munn Ruy ;(lcublymgnifxcanzbmause

hmm
:

Muy wall m ou n |:

ltcuuskmcunvv ul'Engluh

nuheumu In

uu

mggk m whxch Enliglummmr nwmpkmm about mmm.

Ju aeszheucs go on bcmg m by me; wlm

um amam
:

mm
gundam
.
ou
: mma

u.
mm

wu mumu-num

clvaplrlfmmBurkz 'lhuuusarm ]olmlhu

Ind Ih: m nl Wuhanux ofwxm'hv mm
.
lmply nmmpm purga cultura m onu
" rm.
nm'ou md mom :fu
hu In :
mun
,
b|| wmempnnry Lnghudhf.bymnzupmung
um
mmm unam
mmm:
ral'un
Niuscripuml
and
quim m
menor.
","
the
m'd
r,dim-nian f denise m : Vi
anahi-um,

Gowmm Eym han 5 of

response
uu

nucund

nutlh:

Buuren whnpplicd Raymond wunv

;de

mumu

subitem
pcna

mmm

ncumelmlwnlnnuempumm
lmlnhlum!nFHrLlihullmrundludmul

'

vm

um mlunal
pn
Illppmachwuuldulvw

m dllllmnl [mun n

um the
m the

menu

|m-Inlandurlmmm.
lm

mm
in

'pmidmurin (hc

humm

lh 1819

pmuumw mundu. qu

( lhill Ind :mubunu with me lcgmd

mid um. nr m npc" m mnng m
u
dum ur |qu radical .dcologms

hmm

wu
Mon poor

canad-Q rm whmhmmn. Tlm: um "na mwluahlc um. nf . ..

how uukmgvurh and (hlough um
mmm und nu mg.-ryurme
Appears m m: uuc mrhcvthan .
muguonmgnm mumu xira [) .
xon's speech Em. zh: emma
being mmm in me Lm pulmc d
imuon iu Engl.:nd xs, for cxdnlplc, one muxmg zvpmp mm

gl _hmcn um 151qu
ol disndcnt
md.
md
Dfllm mfamum m.), &chva .s perna,, me [wu kum. num
me elTans
Lmdnugh nd mu McC.|l|u.|n,'l1x= him nr: .| "
dealer, ]Amcs Wedzlerbum, and & :!m'e woman, Roku"
. hmughr up .
ru. M..-.meu. Ik- mh
Kingston coniurc 111131"th uma a
.lgA'm
m
gmcd to London a! Ihc Ag: ofwvcntecn m 1778, Thru-, nmng pulamhad,

number ofdxsmpumbk ulrrmd u mm nx pm um. xnhwnhc mm.

cal labmm, hc
nm,: Imrmn
mmm Jnmsclfas hung clubndinmu
xlsvcry m dcbmng dupcl m Hopkins Sneur
ke: Wha
rh:
;
mr im...."
hc pmchm n xmsxon of
mmm: mmm mm na me um inp- .
Thomas Spent: and mmm wl, dthbmam hmphcnw Jn (me ul'zlle
bues hem in |, rumam luvlofr mm 200 persons um... luwm dmnpunn," chdcrbum dcfcndrd mc mhcrcm nghls ohh! mmm" mm na
any hu master, pmmimg m
m: hmuc M *chI Hmm m murdL ximu
mnn: ax meu a umy|1ku<,"Afz=r dus o 3510"ch wu mm mm :cqulb
md m. chaga nlblasphenw :ftcl pcrsulding lh:
um um hc Iud um
:
bm urtcung scdmon but mrmly pwmng (hc "mm naum tnhu
ufpruphcnc skull
[: u pzmcularly sngmhcmz for me dvrecnun ofuw over.! nrgmnml vluc
m: .mumm
bum chdubum
uumrc Dmdwn Iud mn miam,
mavmg m na no bem.-u mau., mmlng horda: m mmlclll mncm
um Wen: rhcmscMS mmo sysmmx of Mwm: um] pallriml hyb
The mhmmxhlp m me um may lmn um In |
lmpumun
both Ihc muy pulum .um pueda ul m: blu!
rh: mnnw "Mond
, mumu-.um:
ugwm Wuhlcrlvm'n nnvnl m um mw

mm

ohh:

."th nnnvnmc um]:

ny m
apedruu nf slave) W pmmn
'utllberty
m msm um; nr sum. par
uu mmm hehmrk 1 Em hunt: mmm Ar
, .

Lh:

y rubbl: ul'nucy

uma"

msnnmon

num. Huwwn, " xm bem mmm

century u quarter "(Ihc Hnmh

0er

mm

hcl'um me

will have m

&an

Ilu-

&

or nrgalmcd mm.. x.. pnlldn : mw Ming widely

:"an
the mmc SK kcohin ullmdic and Merlmdlsr htm": Rnlm
.
Almmcy ,;mml, h
Mm n, wnnmn um... um ar

mm

ancr

na muxmzs,

Harun rnnr
u,. lnlplmuuul &mrcs
lplmun Irminl Hur m- Iml said zhzy wnum
Wu dive ru;- um way vlw plan muy punurd m Sun
Dansk,
[In lh: mim".; example of
rmm
nm h: kum: uniu-dum m Ihc
lilllp'tumkcnn Balnmm: Hc mu 153 m
um th: vmeh h: mmm for zh: Dunn?
dmc-. the hmm dum in the wurld and Ihr.
mmm"; the unmn hlmkadc. Douglzsv, who
Mum. ann-mw mix y, rsgapcd mm bundr
:! pur (hl; mtuu .um. to his ..mluy m mu
only n Few m the .,.mmcmhnmun

'

boy., ncgw

um

&:de

th

tu

m
humm.
mumu "qu, (imm:
Inn-4

wnh tlm: .um hmm,;

Chudc

nddmunul mp7
cd mmm

upccm ,um In the work of

mumu mwu nt, m m: mw uv nun.
'dWhlmmmt In m: English mm m
, Milu-dw m m. Unpmnnu um Clum

u hw

wum- [huh nl'Tumerl an um Emlur

m mm:
|... eu, ncnuvlsl . up.-chl p

::urcd on

mlehrlted pm ;
cumel ou
": de! md d ...; a; :| storm
Wurm ml-ul-very comum:" held Yu
wim
um
minmc
tu
I(unHu Ihr sam: zwcmy-elglu
mo. Th: pmm, emm] by
mumu.
uma mom than au mmvcr m lh: .um. Caribbean
smmdnur
mcovd
mmm!
mmmlsslmmd us
m:
m
"mw .,
huses, whizh, :; Pamck anm zm quucmly dmvmnsn'nled, . , ,.,
mpunam ugmklcl nfrh: (omcmpnnn', mm . . .
Inn aml mnml ronan!
nou cd : pw-cmd pmm agem mumu(pvgmph
lish vaum Tlus was made cxphur m .m
umcr um
.1 pnnum umzcrlnn. '
wmuwd
whvch
um
um poetry mdlmyvc whcrc ,:de
h
.s m nmkcr vmw" 'nuge ycan after
hope, falham;
[
]
nA
Gm'clnnr n:."
zmsww uuoh'cmen: in tha (Amp, gn [o dr"
|: ., ,.uu um h.
ship
enm
.
painting
me
up a"
pu! m:

"mm

Ikhmen

em

.,

hhwrlc: lw: ,
,an
Wal
mm mumu. mulleum mg; mmm
fur bccn

'

m.,

by

ufrhuvr pnmwlznly m
Nu m; um. ru zh: me of
um: black Adami: be used m ano
cru.:
w,
bc uma ..,. Ihc sn'unure enm
WMI-m A
wuh the Allan":
. hlmhphm.

.ch
m ellmaicnuam by dum/mg "Agllurv,
151.1qu
..eymlv Buu h
sthnes: mw mam! mmm Mmmcvs'r
;
'Um pu
lnihiminmnnd
m iz xr, seclumgh, rmm Bn'mnnin um
:mpUlch
Ncw
Lm gmup
mm problema '
mr. prtl'ewncn mmm
m nm .
md most mrcmr m um mUmI hmmm
num

ll lhe lulmauu:

|I

mmm

mm na :huh:: n" fwns Dn: ;pccm] me

ml Exchungc and transfer

:ly umxcqum theoretical

Maximus '
mumu-pm : W'Ulunu'sna mm mm
mma,-h: mllucuml nuihCnmluu
mumnnonm mmc
group
mlpablc
nu.-, Thcu' pmhlcrnnm Ihr th: .
Pau ': humnnm'

riu
Eughshnmu
.wd
mm "hmm. m um
ag: m um Hid-mm
mmm
w.!millg wlml h na
thzz lmmcd . r walk mc [mh m bt
cho
nanululnm Tlm uncomfmnhk pnng <... [ mend mmm
url-,um M'I'Iuwpwunnd .m' lnluluwm.
Wim-I Amam
umd w "mnh m Ihc mm... numamnm nflln
aplNuk
n, mun... eu
who mu- .. mm a-mw Mummy

phed

(1

lew

mm!

mm

m wlnrh lw

...uma.

mm

mnh

hm
:

Amaia,

mmmmins hm: (used

Eleuwm ofPWkl scnsnblhw

bil- mr

mumu,
nom blackAmniuuvuu

&

um

ugnilcmu

not
mw In wayl rim m..,.
Mm,
pc
.um-um bm fur Eur.pc,
himk
Ind ora-Mme. Ihr

'

,.st

IS

pmyverty.

us vuuomhsm

puxlucc An &).ng tmnslmmml and

lm
'rmm me mufmlmrmn wix anhshms

Wunmlllichallcngcwdxcw vunwhlch

nfmlnunl mm"
pomm twards (h: ship: em Amnnc a sim!
though,
dm
umma mat-uw
m
m
ancmmn
n .s mom impunam,
me
revealed
nhmn
me mm.
Lhe
disc-m
pxcnur am)( m (ums wu .:
rllc
mm Wal A
ofpamung mim Hc mmm me Ifomunun um
ship > :| [comer: m me ms; volume of Mmtrm lnutrvr.
lnsyucoHapsulikc ththc N lethcxrnullmacsdmz unlimll
nprodu
mdmn iu uma. 'n m md Ruikmsrmd mmpmmdcd um
v..
:

&

mundu" Klm culmml hixmrmm mula

plauuhnl'nmlymn lllclrdumssmns

amm

fund ,(

m'
um
,;

um,

mmm " um

found a: mn -'
(oo pmnful :o |, mlh N buvcr wzx
"lu: mumu;
mrhmc
Inu.
Ihc pm.-.= m m Ammm
All
51:
rennmcd m the L'nued Entes (ver
( ln rule w Ihmun h ycl

begun m

nhnlm und m gm,

Kung

pcm]

nunc. 'l'hty um scn-mh Mush nu

nomi mmm-uam fhm cha
'nu- I- um comum m m

num

muuu um:m... dlupnn

'Um eh-

um nn of

um:

n und

Cullum;
.=qu

"

"um,
ucwly hybridlxel
i

ide-iii

oi'l civl'binckmilnin mumu.

mg

,u
ih: lim um:

Atianrc mmi-i,-

Th:

marked l'k'nluh: ui'imulnnrl

recon] mui in cMmunliii-iry pupulilriw

naum,

ruim, vi.
:ukur: uni Thi: mnicmporm bim mls mm.-mm iii ii m
and
as weii
"mi., Which pimiiiai the imng... m

,:
mm:
ideiuiiy
wl rcl:as=_haic Eimmd ncw lopogmph uriowiry ml
and presuppociuomnfzhc im m um im lvan lft
m:
Gummindy l .; impnmm m wu!!!
because the)
eu to be

'

i_

s,
lheblackAtlanKinmfc tim,mim-muyam.-mw bvihc umvt

vmuum
imgiupfwiiiiii. m
m

mi

...

Wc

'-

lllc ship

"inciou: sense ari &

the that of the now]

|S

hist

"mn mtwlnniing

.
'.i

thinking about the

pulllkl
i'm
me
Mali-(ion
iu
.imiopmw of African
'

ii

um
Hirvwcwluiihileelulllullllllwilhvllllmnl
plnu um mey anP'mnniu-uy nin

dmnwmmmofm

vacyxnnpmv
amam
'rimi glbal pncnnmmi i.,

Wnlicmnphc
iiwill reqiir: Pri.-sli

mmm
lwmrcii ilw iii.-ii

,
.

Cintiq iriwmiumi
memory TheyaUAinergc&omliwthspztin!
p_imiiigm;ni'ciiiiimim
num]. mnmmhsxil, and cmiiimiimiziiiiunmasc hiikkii cxpmiioiu
m bc f...-ii m England md Amaia wii gilbai
mom!
ir mu
be
mimi md mingau, riu: attempt to
ul Wii-mi
mire. Thne u'zdiuiis [um ,uppqmi cmimcinlinircs
Ndii-iblu
iu ii "hey u.
miichcd the imrkerx' mummcm bui m
hiiiid
i"
imponm loundztiuns un ivhic ': miiid slaxc ship
mmm, .i imrui
Tiimm mmmiiiim- pmnnng ul mc
x(HrConSLiuils mural powcr .iiid the al king way ilun
not nly (ur KS
iii
dimri, for me ulbllmc m IIS mm- inn rami mm. mmm?
iii
'ncnlinu. Il lhnnld | nnpimi
angu... chinrpohiiul
rim Adinuu,
shi)
lh Iwin cum by wimii me mim-

'

rl: pmlximi by lamci ciiiiomi n liis influi-mal

, I Wlm no seu de. iiic impm um (NH um?
=M
xpm mmm might inv: ou me poimui
hi
me":
mm nmhim M'bhckxin *.me

m
imwimiiwir ,
thesemambhckAzlnnticpiicilomcmm'ivnulh:
enxodjngunthexunsimrinnn! force onnrlh ma....au ||
lvl
Cnlumbus's Wim, Palm Ninu,wasnlso.in Mm ,. 'lhr
towards cmmwipnuon, a....mii, unit :
ideiuiw,
icxammc Ihc prnblcmn of naxmmiin. lnmuon,

:.

uma

my lmmph w mhmk mmlclmzy wadi:

rh: African ("upon mto (hc wesicm hm?

mmm

peoplenotem): mmmmndi eshurciiglgcd

und i,:mpcr a x|

msculcn m [hc new mm 11 Id.!mniml

um
which
mnku
Orsi
m
,Vlnung also cxpirucii Ihc restlcxmcn
th'

bL-ick

ima"

ih: .iismm uuulll

(iu ofu'liauun md affecni'hiih amtuhlcd
uiiuncliun
'

wm- me widcr

..:y
. nub=glu iiuiiuoiumimvc hmmm.

&

ini-mm

iuir
m Ihc
mhrluuship m both
Aii
do. i: wm, gming n.. bond pmmlxcs
modcnuuy
lnhodnx mlnllnmlup
1: provida .. mime, vens: ui whm

Caribbean scnlcn
.
Unita! Smtcs lw Teddy llilcy, lll MH
i,
simplex cfmiisic um, rmm Amer ." um! ]nmnlcnu maid:
cul-
i
mw nl'iliwrlo
md Mim uma imikimi 'lnis furmi
ymimi
h euapluliugd
ruim.-i

mi
|an mis mim- unn
rim has m...
dizxpunc

vu,,

ii

anca

Fromm:

Eum

umnrymconsiderFmdcricknuugmk
Imirim mdlmllsmx und m medium ou the
Bnmm rw: yeminE mpemfugmieximg,

um lludyuig . (Limbndgc, and po.,

ui"
li the Ian-ion :nugme me inumami
ltwll nquimmxiiprciicnsiun or,..ciuiifa
:| w. 3. a. nu Bnii'li klliklhond mem in
pod-lulu Ilh .iim ...ii uuiiimciic im um ni

'

Aim-gim wlu]: Killing m Heinrich Von

na hl: um: hmm um: ofEumpcm

(mm Ih! pol i-iiyiii, wmm im,
plmlpduns aniumm and mm
had [m'
M'npldemm ihcm. This*nix
afudll isiumiim, radi

uf Engliwh m

|nu mmm me nrly W "

ur >.
[mm mn NW' www
bym umpurtcm m m: < ulnniil Scumcn'lA

um (0th mm
basc

um

Inchl m

am the mm

'

sem

cun nace" vzr

mim."!Iunmulhcvehnlhmnhumm
[wd meu AfmyAmcrim mmm
_.

'

mm.: mn '
mdchmcmomukmuuu-mdmarwmnmc mwenmurru
mnpomv cxpcrknm ul culo, rclnuriuu, md lepumueur mm
Ho. [or cxampk, as the mmc m me mm x nuulhlr m
dunga! by Wha: happened n) Qulmy luncs m um. and no:
pluyal
n pms nm W :,me mmtwng . mr mm mm
rhn- :.uly
mun.
mias m [hc xcmukmg enm . povllm um m
,
ms
appeal
mpcs
dcxcnbus
. mmc
cm,: 0!
AmelupLd
a
h:
3uuug
nu gmhmy. ..,. m Damm
new amam,

"

um

um

uu

. .

ms authcnncu)
uppmcdl)

as

..

:...me
lc

wma.

deal! wnh m
Luer-x

mrnlupxm.

.mmm .um... : lmpm 4

'I'Imy

uw Huck Adm". puluws "rn, un fums

(>!
&
np'
eu. Hw m': alm m
rzu. [Illich mise-1 wuhm [hc hmmm: ufblsck

mmm

&

volumury rchm1hlm. Markcd bv us Eurnr

IM:-| Hum: [m Always mn mam .."ch
y 1 xm ml "mmm-gg (lm. m scclng

mal
'

um] mmlnunmlm Iimnmnpwopnardv

nw

wllldlwwwmwullu puma!

Dchnyfmurnahsl,
milan prcclor, Omron
un

lnvclunl,

dum uppmuumy m dxammc the Gump

MI

m ul mmm .
Amrrlcnn
mlhu
Amu
Imuulmum
wlmmmnunn,
ullmlnnmnl .." md put-Mv mpuml by uu
um mWninl'l

hm |"

nn:

Much

mm
drum) gummnhumu |.:quufblukullulm. Many um:

.m

(ma, rm

;qu

lndivklual- nvnhcddrd in nm'mml Mum Em,

naumcm,
hum):
Amadeu.

11

unh,. ill h:
mw cn
".um hu um
nl'lmw me pnlnm nl'lm'zuun .um me

mn bc

lm h 11 mm! ul? .w .! Ml
Ivy
phihuwhtm um
pru ui'wdunmn
rxplnrnd
,

modern pulmml md

Mdlug pulmul W.....s,..g m

Eumully ulnnpldc nw umcgu, Amim furmi

leh,

.umlwclliuilynfrhc
blu-k Allan

many nnd muiuvul mmm ' nm dz,

c.,uml cm,,

11th anhfs Mc
.um

'um, (hnr

um. nndrhcilcthcpn mhousumcmv

'

1 Musume-mf
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o.1.1
(hn a; fomgn m m: 5" Mum .m .. fu Ing for me rm
me Eumpnn Hung, bcuusc (: mums um um, w: med m'
.. w. .. |M um (N
m (Lunda Fur mm puzplr, um w, (.
|
mm Amum, the Num., m' " mha Umrml wan
wu mm
um Smith,
[hm
(0 me bm. m m.
mm w, bum, Atl
Luz
f(mud
lhmnghr,
(ml mim mr, mu m
lh. Was
um (m

ru
mm, um wu.
taum mpmcmed ku me mmm;
mc L'mmd Sutesv
1

Ilnll. und sumcllmcs

nal-mun: of pulmml cnmu

.um m.:
Ms W Emp.- ms 50 Imperial m um
nom<mmdaaxukld m Amgo.[uwnmlmmulnmaxwm
1

me : denn m emp: me xcsnuuw

rh: hf: of Edmomz Itwa, the wuhmm Mm umd: her hnmr

What effrts did hung m Prl 'um up"" Nm (hmmm Mil
**
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md Luis mm. [nued
Would l!pcm lha! zhur arc .rgc qu ,Lium

url-il: |: wrm ... (hum.

mu
Mtuulumlwdvhuwrurrgapcnkc

mm

the homc

.|,an
wunnnumuun
,

'

pm'ullug un .| lguw um Dchnv dc

between lha: [wu mmmnns .,r

humm

hw u_u. nhxm

qunml
um Emu lnmrly Ellllmnlhl

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m.. lm
na

mumu.

hummm
u mm;

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hc
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[nue ud mumu nf

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m..

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th

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&me , flumnlh' um f

me
m My mm Hg
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mm
whu
m.!
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"mu."
,whlghwuunl uuly m- hurmynl um D ,,
Jud nmnud m Arm mn bcmg manumlucd
Ind! own Ikdnm ||| I'll: nuh 1510;
n: Chlmlxnlmm, reumynm. Acuvc m abr

s &

ya

hmm- VW..

(mu, dissolvm any wuplc :Mclnmh u) & him mn-mwuly nllhur

,:rvanw Ol' mm. lthy. ncunyh nr [. vllulbh became achu
m. mu m 1h. ,
uunuh spc ungiu-a,"- Im una m
(num.
.
.md
Ar.
wu hlmmmmnumm huhu-mumu
ml .nul s.| America :|: I um hummm: mm omniw '
m |. hm nleulHlt
hummm
riu
"mmm m um
.

md fur hi mundu nr nual mmgxky and

Wall: um m. Smh
Remond, and
n
ng mcdlnne m penod wncn
housing: WCI'C, s Iwnvc ms bcmg mnon

um

ulllncudmpcmnmum ur Aly mm.- Aer

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,
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lv'Ml"
mw" * '
,yumnml mwm m m: mumu-ts fmcm exhuuuhl bc uma m mmm mmc murcsung
mmm am! racial domina
hl: "pintam , .. "mmm
.
m.. m scmnzc

mm

ngm afmwd. uy mmplcxuy winsc )mHucnI |

rhmugh .xbohunmum md mimmm nu. rmm lupublwm m

$$$/mn
.my

>

Prunes mu cnmc form out ar Em"; hhlupin mu um um

31 With l'anh m min bl
rom. Im hands num Gad"
prolmsc, dunk (md; m this um grand Mwm hun Nm. we
"No kculc dmnu nur Hagtulch, m Wu, mmhunu, nur
m
nas" bm
m zhidmg mm m um um h wuVy kmg. we
boldl) manco, smgmg nue! sunga rrmmuprimu, m me Num
non (rn-.: mic md rumrmuu m . num-mui rm". the |..
and darkness afxlrsnpcnrmun .um gumaw , u. thc glunuull
um mon: pnsnnc brigam fthc light rn..- hr ulullv tl
Delam

:. Hm:

Mm

..

oprmvrnrely mnnlv nclucx'nucnl scr

u Ind phllmwhcs whmc leg, y, :; w.

uma

&

wand
him

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um";

mim:]

Plugin/rlz; UmmtSmmPulimnll mumummusz, 'nmughm

um: Chnsmmw mm ; wmcwhm diuumanl mxm, Ihc work :|de ..
inglymdx Mccognlubl) pmyAlncmv lloumh mr Imulu Runs-nf
..r
progwcsi m mnccrl um me
mm Enhghrenmcnt,
hc
pcnod ann slm'cn
mgenmnon m

WW

um

mas

. o fHHIIlcana'm/

lnfhlmldfll
%
W
"hummm ,

'

H.., Ihc mmm church.

the
( hzzham. Unmnn. Mwm lu: made hl- ham!
Amu nom &arwnni and Mwm "al puwllvmcn. Ihc prvxlmky
m Delam's . mvly er ha; um ellen m'nukng lu- pulmm chei
surkmd me m (um .uxgous,rucxamplmhmx lvy
Doug! um um been xlrul
somcumc _ um
mau. mvghr m cad by um mmm", .um um hu fmalum mu
m'a mmc 'Uv' mu<h d:." rom [hc cumug mm "Hm-n
aff)
book, Th! (muin'm, Ein-min, Err/www:": milf
ermg lccnucs
colored

lu-Phllnlnlphh.

um. um

uma vnblnhcd fh
mm
Hough,

mndr" '
anlmmnm
ln

"( WNW &"

lbdllummm" aun mw
lu

lh: .munvny um wmv

hindu.-Mu msn.

mmm!
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n'

,
|.an
mmm
Mahum pmummm. hr nppllrd

.,

m: Annan." cm
.km; uumdc me um
me" ...m
A uhlz um lin-km. Hmh & Hmm,-www kun
per-nuded m wmmmw
sum: mm ., Ihc Ihu' mm mm. wu
m
mcmhm
um um Dullny. sum-Ann, nua D
mcmng5 uh
began m .;an brum m Nm'cmbcr um. ycnr lm wm umd,
wormmd by
.A

chmIcIlHuhnelJ 7'
dm rm". Lhzcchgc lw me Dem "ou
mmmmmmcl Mwm, (Mwm Amm- mr y..l'unme endnl'
um [hulr ,
(um um protcsm [mm .mgry Mmc m. .. Mul

Would

um; u.-mma! ;(."leme

lu;

hummm

and

.
.

'

mmm humm, jm Full/Imo" mumu-H

ou
piopUSak mm ; polqmlc
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icrrlcmull
|,"er mnuhh: l'nr
cvcry .md ns plan fr
.um
uulcuslup
"um .
subam: mcnrws nfmnnmlm
ofLumpmn Immn and pump;mostuh"Ibruhnmspnkclwd .. "
a
um mm mm, zm mmm .hplmum urAmencm

mm's

um

lng

begun by ("...,-. 3 msem mm

ducmmnrlnscd
mmurm n.)uns found
m:
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mm

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in a agiu, m

hmm mw "um", cxhved

alrhmlglv rimmg

|url

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um]

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nun-uno .knnww

puulul' posmon mm mm. Inrnung m um. lw ac.mumu

pnhncaluqumn'wxrh um.n."" pm, amm'nmu mma-:d ,
arm bom ynlnus (.)le mmm, .nm lruc Sud) um: um
Volts m Imam, me m,,gmm m Amu", Ihr Smwh. In.-|.

Khz

lm

|,

.
,

hh wa; um .m mmm mummm

dm , mma mm," adm .uul ,,,,
M", ", hmm l,," ,.) (mmm m
MNIMIHM PM,.,bmmmub,

Am" Mim,,dmumk,
bmw
lan
Amam," msn. Hum-hmmm
'-,.
Ioim'un
md, W mm umworld
M
.mxaxclumhcm
um,
me um. WI, (m um
m.,
me" md nthcr Mk-m
um. me uma"!
mm Wrr- Valley
mm
um .um.
S..," ,,,-a
um,...
md &'VH'in
EMI,, PM,,

humm,

".|an?; people lw
clam-mpopulmon,wtxwmkmmMucnf
nau mzhm

mm .Amcnu m

km,;hkc

,,,

um

um
wmumcqmwcv..gmmmuwmu
uma. bundmgmmpm
[<): ..4
11

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me

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w.,
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,

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hh mllnlwmmr. Ruben (TnmpbtU.

,mwdlm, m. Mw mmm.

.:

T.. _.L.

mstrm! dw.
Am,

mk] "um
mim" um"

'

'mmcughunwununnrprnpt

nuh ..

hu mk's mhcnmmz cn; mbommd hmhcr . .. ml: mm. .

humxhnuon ( (hc lunch ul m. m Hc xcumwd m mumlelpmr; urul n
mmm dano" a Dhu-hummm(ul/cm . mim
m.
bm mugmnnn m cm.! m' valh Am, ....m h: nn

(uma Em, ,.m, m.,- .

.
.

mm"
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hmm .,. .|. I, um,,m, mm,"

[.um"Humm,,"mumu",de.Dr.":Humm,.-cdm,
.

,,

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nn : jm
lh!r'rgqllrntrdbwnllhullunfn
Im :.:-mm:
mmm/mm
m
mm], mb/, nuumnmungmar nm./mmnunnm, MINI

Wchh m

Lhe L

uu/y

m m l/(a/Jhnprsn/Lvmvwlhfwwwvm" '; r um
h
Mudar-mun!
Wim.
llwn .. um mudlMummyrun,
murm
"mw-,,...
muuu
ul
m

(uw/ml [mumu
mm

vem....

uma

Imunm

. mim)-.

mmm

Hvr-e rien-mu
mumu
;. wmv-mtim
! ku um thr uu'-nv W" w Wu
Mwm
,

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mccueded by ::
mag: urclumupnw wine ,
m
mmm.
klnunvnl'frnlmgsinwl) lulumhldllpolllinn tnslrzuh.g=13en1vd
yawnwuthu'gue Thcsccuml nyurmny umbuuuccdcdb] amu!
'
febnle
. . bulwlwlhcl m no: such sympmlmclmlt, mm
mas
eu: mas! remukablc .A fccllng (gra rhmrvnu mi yuur nmvu
.md
muuuv for . mngc on:. an almnxt um: dum: m .lois
.]
despondcncy
md
hop:
mu,
m.
nuuurv,
um;
fm :ng
low a! home gum These feclmgs, ofuxunc, mus! [k lenswd .md
regarded &; a mcrc molbid mmm, [m:] ufth mind . , When nn
As
cuurc memcry um pm, me kn: of a (mmm' mas! ardem
md abxdmg "

'

a..

(aludiu) Wma

inmd: Ihc

[ng um mesm rcspcu

.
,

'

whxch wm.

dur followed nem um pcsxcssion

a. um me conunsnng azcmmn dm Delany and

Mm
dm ahh: Nim Valley upcncuccs am a: unam: over Lhe

'.hdrAfricnn humzmnd Campbell uw Am ;; his mame!

.um, M.. when .: rcfemi (0 Mm with the female pro
1
x.
,u. um (hc mminem dw mmm. mm m suggexl
uprum summuug profound ma charuzcrisuc About
rclmiomhip hmm. nunot-mu; cinzennmmyprubahly
umly H:
(hc um hlmck thinkcr to make m:
wu

mais prlmlrllyrhc mmgmy um; mais

ufrhc auulxes m'a Whlch
Magnum-ny um
algum u.: plvww ol m lualchrad
:anle pmpnml
mmm; .phm wm mg nublc mms nf Ihc mm
nmw'lry ofrhc

".ng

m Gmina. Afnm

supclsmmn and us hcazhen um...: cm m |K w,): muy, Thcw pl.!m

mmm that me ['mpmcd mmm m elavam m bmk Amcnun mui
wlFWas qummblc Fun 3 mami lmmon m dem.- | cnhglucn me
muulzumd Muuu, by ni-mm mm. m.- mmnu ur nviled lifel ceu
(mals, run-uw, nulcry, uummunm, .um "Sum: mu nl n uunuvm m

(mr

m mmm
mu oram pmmmm _,; rh: w
..Mun.;
by |lc
mm mommy em. mm,. hua ..,,

":.an

zu

"Em

ma .md adventumus dead; m* day-inf

mm

cha; um

_lu

hlkl wnrk. Tlm hmm] of black nauonahsm had BIM) prmed

pum' win. Humm. unir Avery uma; whnsr mmm-mm
um helped m mmm, He amvcd ' um , Mm
,.. ousou [nxclrzhokbackmgtonhccan) mgmmum

um

md. mu

um Em propmcd m

&

um.

.uma-uy ulmwcrcd

ufDelnny in lm dark blue umiorm for (wenn/'Eu (crus,

.,

um;

ambWalcuct nvtr (vil: md lmmmmmg couvevcd by lhcsc mmm

Lhe
has humry dw plnlubly as hmg
pmscnrc ofAknran slave m
the West. Ar (Pm pum, u i; [.:.mm no .lppmciam nm any dlwomfnn .
:opography o(amlmmn rlml
m; ploipccr nflimucs md fault Lines m
powerful
dkwurxe us no! med by refcx
mad: pn'sznnism Mn
aU Hacks
tn
to sum: Afnun (scnit dm: could magichy connzct
mui
gvzhcr, anzduy,,zhi3pczcm um ist'mqucutlvwhcelcdin whenvns ncc
pcupk m
um (pomniiahy) connm
cssaly m Appmim [hc
in
mnmlsly
dmsxunx
lhmk
m; nugincd
um mulher mha um
um]
um mun: mmmpmhcnd nrowrcomc Klm-n,
wmmunny ufllu: m::
indeed um |. poulblm Delnny'x AFI
mur :unnrmul (hc mimr-nm
and
AMM-Almeria"
dmloguu
m: Ar.mm uh hum um
human
|: L- um uu-prum [Inu (hungh ..: the end of Ius Accnunr ur
mrh ms rum,
hludveluurmn Ar!-Im Dzlanywmuwcd (o mmm (0
h: ncvnr did .".
Mnrc klmu anything produccd by Edwmi warm mmm, Alcundu
Crummcll, .md his uma pmto-mnnnalut pcm, Ddzny's Wldugs rcgw
lem] conumjcmry mspoms now-mi Afrlcz, 1h:
mmm! mmm
xlmply would nordo as .: wnL
nwzm tlm .: needed m m
rhvs
wholesalt
b:
a::nmplixhzd
through gr
ln
35 m
pm,
mmc
modcmnauon Schemes hk: (hc mmrAfncan commenm mim. Wink hc

'

with mm: of
sign of
bound
nusnmll
mumsutm
.; . um.
moduniry,
A...:
an
In the mm. uruum
mm
mula
palldul
u...-e
ponho":
mole m hm
sm
mun.
_,x _wghuuuhm
nncw wirh :x decidcdlyAmcnm-ccnn'vc hand
Ihc amb/st for um preces k
"MI War
(&ng
,

mm

rh:

'

Mn um public Kuhn. Delnuy's "ppm today

um

He

I'nr me black
munlw : muy aipim"
Ihl'
which

WW wMummquuuly

bullmu

fnuudnhml

.,va
the rule, ofhmluml and
:uiuvd: cnnvcyul m me my mm
Dumay 'l'uunulm L
Ggmca of Atrium desea Alexaudm
Suuluuquc, (11:1ch Lenox nz
huslm
Placido.
s:,
(www,
Kama
rmmem mm nl'glrk
moud, Erhmpm Halle, In a scalon un me
me
um
ou Ihc prnpu' hmmm lw :
Delnm nude hu

thr

'dnmlenlnry ml: Impuu. m uplidl, Inturlexnm

mdzl'mf"? "' ' [If : ' m"!

um

W
doam an

um mmds |: ml m
our Young mm" um m mmm, laand
pmmal pru
mm useful mfumnuon
mmm, well uma
WWW . and um..,"
.
.

""

ucqmrclucnn,
accumpmnnmm, mu :qu

hghg wpuinml
mm um me
Wc mim
.lccumphxluncms.
.um num
,

mm

mm rm mmhclhood Thc pubuc When

Wmmn wat m bc uam-md hu:
um: (Heluy Wha sccm m
[x me snlc
pmvmtc ern nlighmcd
was w
Ruussczu'x cnception nf nvlc ur: in Spmu
have [ki: um (ns from
um prcgcnuur of black Atlantic pum
Daiany can now he rccognlscd :|:
11

drsccndama
us legitimar:

um

(amnha
lc bomm-.=; of North Amam, and mm
lang
omgmxm,
mu,
mm.; . Aim. m
um um also mugmwn me huundnncs
m:] hcr vaum!"
bc rcgcncmzcd must lwc a mmm uma,
numly upon .mdcpmd
(nuh mu
um
the
.snng
muom
among
:umpmed uh [hem m all hcr Nuno,s,
Khz um)
b..;h standard
gm
mmnmml ,
mumu, r lglouzlv,swm"y, pnhu um md
duldn'u me mhmmucc un mun
! Iv
e dezenmnud w law rn my
rlvc
mmm m'. n ul
pxmcsiml nmmnml dunmu.

Afnm if our

WC

mm

rm

wwrmnwm mu llcy
mu
m u. by
(Hummm

mhunuuu, .um um Mammaxc

mga-nl .m urmhw .uul

um um

m |K

(1..an w." '

mil::: mmm

.
.

HL-

mumu uy nu- mmhn 1 Amcncan mas

Ad. um uma ;; ducaly "hummm mm mim'; ul:
[Demons he
ro. umha, mumu mm.ns names In the amem"
m Klux ir

st

Bugllilv appllnlkm

|'Dumnrlnnnc

.
*

em"

um ,;gn um

mlsulum.
,, .
prmuy symbolk um pa mx pia.-.
explicitly Arlmtw

Ind klnuuns Sn u,
mz fundammm qucmon of gender wlrs
E/nlzt; m, Th: Him qumn ml ,
mind, l Want but/ly zu enumn: h nmcl
mmuculum nflhc bmk .; my

(md

H:dxscovcrs her m
em
um,
Ike-im.
mm mm Mm agem, this nm: 15 me.
lucund um 11. ,uma ,mas da: Admnc iram um [a
m' n gmn plan
"mumu pm Kha:
; p-mgc ."
mm?
xlzw:
m
ha
umuury
mm m (
um. .: ai Th: momznt
topegmplu
'

mm

both me hbenzun
Valley reprt
um drscnbcd mus .n me ngcr

&

Im [meu "";.ng pmmg [rem hun by a,. (ul

mh,-

leionxvurnon mem...
mmm:
zmnsuuu nd regenera
pum m, m.- ml mh Mm irs hora uma mabsumtclv
homolnguus mm
,m-ggle ., pmenmi 35
whnch hum
m famv Me. Tlus ufslnvcs
md me Kgmcmnnn num

bmmm "f

num w "mm.

um

"Md *" "'

""
n,
""'

""

(anaLl,
.

m.: fhm [cun n m m: uma Sum

mpg m

M M me "um
lu: thHL-d, w w mw
&
o." mta, "um
[hn m
mmmnwrcw
(.|-"mmm. A, mulhcn nr:
em vmpltssmm,
mm
dmn; Vrum [lu-m mim,, mmm. m gu
shuuld
be
must
the
mmm
which being alwnys me um!!

Bum
MH" M

'

." "mm"
wnm-n u. (.annda ::qu mmm-ms
.

in

me work

o":

*The
mmm. chapru 51 n mam
ug mm uia ,um mmmng mu
ml Include; ; hmm
[
zrmdsx (hc mga
ml dying yuu >
lm' um dapu'n u
uma
! (uluplcx um
md has been
. Dclnny'u uy: ormu
ur tm Alm-pw mumdmry mmimsmp ,
hmm cvndcncc
and
111: ulum [mmm upmmuur
Gillmmm bcpnpuhr
Innlux
muy. mn
lm lm
hm Hmm um |.: cultural
uu
.hmbn
um.
syumusm

:...x

'fWPNN-

um,"W",me[mm]__rblmlmmmM
in
md ma

m:

"[ "d...": lum,

m Mumia...
lu nlnmcum-mmury hlnuk writing.
mm
muum: um: within . htmhphudc man ormm
...

1:

'

azulmxnolmmy um,-dum- u upllckly mumwwm' :u-mi

Wan

_
Mhl! ,,
m...,"
uulmnl mmm. 'um um: mmm
num

mmm

u Manny imeind. unly p-niy num mmmum .

mmm lug-mw gcum tlm cxluhlu nn hum!: M nnn with vhn Imune of
' :| uh" vl ngm hm pnnunly umuum
dum-u r. uhcs. SI.-w '
u
intaum-mal
muuy min
:xplmuuvc
ccnlmmu uruem um
s an
"um.
11: umd hw
hum
men-.be; ohh: Arm" Mma; Eplxcop (hurrh, um
nual mL Chnsmnv?avin P nun'n
mke m Conway cnnuixm ufreljgmn m mam.|.
k
sup,hu
lar. 1: is nus lzplvstmzmn ufmigmus
o the
Ao smnd mn
uma: mmmmc, manu-msma. mm rerum
mm
by th: nunk ohhc whit: (hunh
nhmon" whcmrr um nflcrzd (o
nu.m uu- pmmannu, ,.. me Catholic dumb m in me supcrwmms o!
Lhc
Dlsmal
Swamp,
lw

n.;
mumu uilh dunng um m
mmm
mcptkum amd nricrly mnmmcum nnmnmm toward; whgum, [um hc
:m'
vululble (ml for me mumu
h: sought m
uw

hell:

,meu
uma.
. " A*"""A"1," "?
? m" " "
'Em!hlkculmml,
ol
uuzhzuucuv
m.

lib-(||; :|:-llama

Im
Dom DeLuny and

unrmwiy :Lhulc delmuon

um
mm
hen: ||| the name n rluzummphlc' louzd (haspam

long
lemem um mmm ; Plcshytcnm
Swedenborglmv dan-mu. We ha: nl]
m xhc
bellcwr
ln
rlnuw nn sem, no denummauon nd bu! une mhgmu fm
Tatum mdvluplou num Baume and dzgmdauon .
vu
.

um

mm.

me

mznzuhhc strongmdcompleklysymlwncsupm-clhmc "mmm am

Deliuy SAW u indispensablt (a (h: nngomg smuggd: (o efa: mm] op
pxrssxon
m the new mm md m m longcmcvm prum nl
Afncm generation Thu um mysnca! mu: nuumlism quim um
blazksukallhadcsxclusscs,mdahmc groupsgiveupmnmcmyumueum
duram-Q mm mm only t uw [hu deeper umty .mng . bc um
srmcrcd nm umch fmm [har Afnmn umuge u fmm rh: cummun
=|.
(Kundun to me future pwduccd by me" mimar suugycs ag nu
cry, Em. .md uhyons duram-m, mhuhxc muaracml dwmuns m mback mchuw u dcpcndx upnn forgiugnew me.an m build Hummm
like hngumge, religion.
um and beyond pcuy
ka (nlnur, .md m

"ng

nnm

'.

his Chik-(run will : nm-hc Mm accept nurhmg

u., ;
.
pnlxur
wluch
prumo-cs m
mmm and h:!pplnfcsx somuy
mhgmn, (eu down a
mugimnsly. They would dxxcard
;
Wm
v!mf

in; hm [mu fmmf muonal pnnupks, &ng

01
ranonahsed
(mm Ihc
m wrms dmwd from a um.
luma was
mbukcd
Ferconmxmg
val
un.-ks Wen:
: and, from mu muom ul:
spi ua! means wuh moml cnds mm Amcncans
um uniquclv up
nmslcontrbuw
Iluv
m m: (sumiu.?
b:
pmxd.md1hc) wenm fm,

lmlun

'

"' "' M? ' " "" " bh lf :

Pl" "' '" " w " ""d '" '. (

'

'

""
"

("

' (

m da the name?"

..

,,

' "
. "'
' "m" " '

ml m hu clupmr's :ugumenl again: eximic .mmlunsms bc

Inuxnmimml 15 mm: mn
mmmrlnn nf um nm'mlzum]
poltica]
cultule bcwnd (h: bmnry
mm: dluusxmn nf blau
cmd
my
mmm national dupom pcxxpuumx,1'hcmgg:suvc
the
network.
um me black Allannc unrld m

hmm

: :de

eglubal.cluullcngtsrhc mtu-mucmmummw nanomliatpcr(lx: pmlmu mvncman nfn-rhmc pamcuhnw m

, .d palms m
md m mu.: me um kyw umlmm utput mw ummym.
x

um;

mcmculruml
wh' n me new Mark "uzcmmp dcmnndiwls pmudcd by the ab]
ditmn of the smes und "Dnycauy fzuhtaud lw me "Mummy-m mummnuh: u_u: md: mdf. Au <a. . Snudnubxu um and farmer wl: mcr
(hm. bmnghl num Ahlcaun nukummnd lmuwdmnic um Plncldoa
ummu, um (lunullcr.
um" kvnlmmnmy [mu who um N'pnuull
mmk
whu
WW hum
Im nucndm ;
muit ||| amou. me

: um enem genda rh: bunny tu (mm u.: neu

uma

muhy annmm um mlunmu- uma)"; like hlmwlnlMW mm

mbliktolh:quark!"ufwllclhcruaxmm !lprspcnwxm
m andem-nd the fomuofmismx and mmm;
'
bllck pulllml mmm. Th: miam hmm-y ur

um
www nmwrily um.:
mau-mun

mm
me: An uxulukly

mom-m. Wencm

mmurwuml
In
Mum. dum-mh mu m'

um llltmlllnwll

que-non [.

nv

um processus help m hmmm How ul m: u.;uhux.hhu.u Inhumas h.-

h mmnhh hmhlrmmhynumhmimllm um
bc
lo
WW? Huw hm hey lwcn lhenricd lw rhum wlm Ibn!
,
:xpnuued me conscqucmcs hmm! dmumnlmn
In the 5th pm oflhls dupla 1
spl mnh m [hc
hh ID look
ih mmm, m
rh:
m
mil
ide
hmmm
pn
at the hmm em,
Lulmre, puculmlv mnh: | mh dsu Hw
black opposinun md
.! hncmschssmn of Hack nunk um mcnpncs
m.
hmm
ask
3
lmphcl
alvmn
[hc
memes
qu<snuns
cfthcsc
chhpm
io
h.
mem
tende; ius towards Chmmcnmmx md cllmlc abmhumm ubluzk cuhuml

,,

dhupumr:

mm

'

me

um

up:

&

&

mk

ha.

pnhnculdwcnumi.lnpumcular.[h];lcgnqvnmduiumdmcmunumgawlv
mnhhh .um
mhh "rmyml'
unnn m izquur h suppostdly hummm,
ix

(hc
pvcmw
hr
mumu; "mdil"
um Hm inml'ialu ldcnmy m um
JIM
by
mcahsml
Huilnl
wull
lunh
mh" klndml
Mmncmlrll
mnh .,
hmh tllnmmlrn'd many, llltnmh nm why. whhm uw mmmxmlan

&

M'zmmcs

xo

um Work

um Engl

mp

fhlck nd

wh

Hannes; of
durgcdhnguagc
ldmic
(hummm)
fcrhmcbwlur
um unaldmgmb msdlovcrlookuh:dnclnpmenz
Hdwla amt tswm m ms, mwmhr
lh: um Adam 'saHruunvc pohmhhhhm The palm
& by
tlnkm rm- Delany m the dxhunnuruevfmm sim
in
Pu dmwvfh Wrecked by the munuw moishi:

Thev
lwu mnner I'm cumuy symbmuc vmw
m " wnn- & md lh Phlrhsl sznndpmrs
ln ser
va
arumaram: nn: among;
em
mid Th mam flhlulup bmm them mu

Manim

mupscimyhuc

&

wussiohsorhlhkmmdmlmmx

mluwed mcmmliu: mw hh; mich bccn (haraucnscd bv

.,nhuv'*' "N w Sw pm:: tlvwhm me

|:qu : Lfelm: And a (=sz

pmvxded somc powerful cmdunnc . )how lh. m;nlrdlctuml hunugc ufEm'oAmencau modem: dztcrmmcd .md puhsihw
Sn dual-um:; me manner m Inch hummm hummm whmh him
Dcianv

|.th

HonucptthechllPNUWnd wrm
' rhnkm has mandy bm"
mm
nd un mw KIIL' (Chung-med mnccptlans nfpur: md
hcuhum which
muggh; m crr
mm dm huck pohncal
na(louaW 01 nhm:
dxfTer
numluzdcally
txprmx'w
llw
unha
y

mm

moh-s, bccn

Gl

mlbly Mu-K' lu ucknnwlcdgr [hh rxfhmge WDIIH Numb

&
Illl UFGnrihbeun .lulhcnu tv that is desnblr fume

unha nlnwn rrum the au crua-um

ludimm

um ar hmhhy.
well
ani-mudu
- Ion. Hm mmm! A mu"

num-mr cxcisc; ulhxh

theory:

qu'WIllmun

,-

'um um cmol: :,nuuterdiscuunc

vllWI-luhlluy nl'xxaliunalimv. D wuainnuk'lhcxc pmbkms

mmm

The problem oqugh g me um; ofnnunnal um. hghhsh mlwr

mnmsnhghncx-cshfuhhmnz, md xdexuxhhcmn hu nupu place w
me manca-m hmm) ofblacks m dw wust Du Bunkummpl ol'dnnblL
mhscvuhhm has bem ngerred m almady mu MU bc exploml m gmhm
dcml ln Chapkcr 4 lr ls unly Lhe bes! known rcwlunun oh A'annlin pmb
[em Which
mumds me. (me dyhhhh of nu.l npprzsslon as wall .y.
pcm
me mhdhmcmh anunauw ofdiaspom hhcks HU ha; um ahhh-heh.
WMI Richaxd Wright mlk (hr dnadmh nhyccm'ly Which (allows [mm
bcmg hmh
mama (h: mm.. ofpohnml
ma: md hmm the West.
hmwmcnnagzmmmhoppmssxahund mnh mm: .mumhgn Are me
peoples, m Ar
Hmsclpilhlc plumlmcs lmolvcd in the movcmcnu
emm
zhcxe
hh
.h-h
Havsuugglu bc
h.-hmmm;
mum
m em, uur ..,
pelmdxcd m ltim! m mudemix) the rm) mrexmediluon ufcupual
a na mm,don orhnhml dmency? Does pm
ahahahahah)",
[( (IMC
hummm h. .hh ay sigmfy .hythg mn: nm mh nuh-hh"
mmlccnml hmmm nl nhuxpnn mm.; In an apploach whmh nuslnkcnlv
ohnkmxc nmggks, m. nppmach whwh

mmm
Frmm
mh has deep md pmbkmmc mnts whmh zh: ambigunus ml.-nam
(1
mdmnm ":"th Eumpem Ehhghmuhem Whth luva, n! "mm mn

v,

0"

'
'

as
.

blk

n Phml
mm ("Hw turiwvulfdmlx
WW v-w
hu! m.
""
t '
Mm(h: mm inldlccluul
hm min . mm
mtuu
15

anl-un! mmm. |: 11 n:" uma . a mim ;p,

mmm-nda Iulnliutivc pah-zm phih.
[mdw pm:I ul'lnl-lh: Npmnlilmll. lu ahah
w whwh
lula :ulxum um la- Idlullllcd hy Ihc

A:

um

&

link:: and plunml em:

(hz prnlhlm. mmmxmud world nrluu'k mulul culture
'.

pmmlmm

um]

look: m-

mmm(humm-ruim pmplenf

mumul nu...? mm iu own hcrmcduuy :ucloscd um

Hu um mymifmu'mn, .md, though sem. many named,
,.mlenr. mnummucm. gm hmm as a lnealltoxdcncc
pq
n] dcmzewhcn:hcmmhmmsand vnconslsmr
1, .

on

mem dlmvursr m pm Dn display

mumu nuke un spcf
Mpun m Hum.,whizh cm'k'ndy
,

na

gmnndcd :xsmmlmu is

me nghdy rcpudmrd m onmk

hy hbcmuian, srramgxc &mmnuvc me

:
Fim(hound
ufinnoccm nnuonsohh:

ksa-||
mlmrammnmiw th .mumx
xml blank mmm, Hm. m: poxyphom quahtzs nfbuck ullnnl
arm

km (h: num Acarhmc consideration and (htm um an unem

bm axhammg Fusion nf modcmlsr and populm ::chmqucs cmd mm
u)" populi!
Nuk ulhunl [amu
Frm Klux pctspccn , rh
mrmcnh
They
=
ofinspimziun.
m- pnzcd fm mew
hn music m mmm xource
pnfnllx
ic
ufani consul The mmm mm
mmm wxmlng :minsx me
mlmmmmnum uma" um gnumcsscnrnhsmbzlund t., iemm
'm Indra :; um] mul mmm cnmmlc on, ;, has bem mminenllv
.unl
.uv: to me Iingc '.g pmvrr ur spczmllv mclallscd forms nf pnncr

fr the obvious m::knsscs in the mh"

and :xphm (tchau huma-u
camp, bm Sn rar dmc m; been um upm
ially
;"
ormulnm
dum over black nenhum
um. um mumu, m
15
55
a
em m; um m some m'
md mmm producuun. num
(hc dumms faccd
'csxcm, Mm.

by

cultural nd manu-mw BLrmwmuol mg mmlcm.

Tn: pmiLam n mscs b uma .xcurc, mmnu-

ao um chunln' md rhcy mmm be owrlookcd. Th: idea of

d [hn Mmmpduns (mim:n absolumm mmc mmm m
:rchncologynfhhck
Iulmum be rmphamzd mn,1mc
(.xdcmy,
:: umcmlv mmm rh: mnsuuo
edna emm Ihc
tu.
uwhich
[o
scam
mmm lg en un cxclush'cly nation/zl
Alma 'em, Angklphullc Cnrlbbean, and SD rm. This is nm
Eng sh m
mn yofan Cqmllydlsuncme
Inventory, mf scams
m mk ho m: fem-Amon
Lhcu-npulsc
mighlunthcn m: mumdqueson
md :ndify clcmcms ur (mr Lukuml hrn'mgt in this pammlnr
m. may be 1 [mm (me m purme n mis Wuy meds
(lu 'lm [ha um cnwl mck wlwh (hc
(zu play upon
' lm? Th: ..mw prnbluu nflllc sum; Humm] by national
.

mmm;

rcslsnnm um

mudemun'

rs

mm
Ann mm, Ihc la?;casnm "wma"cru-n.". maid
vlcw

mh imp-mw ch mumu the (mlnlngn cwunnur

M..-u
mir/lm
gnmhvg
u.:
..
m .m
nmlung mnrc thn Mum... nfrhc
eummm: .
nc

crlsm

muuummm Hum.

nu.m

qurwprnplc

[hr

him

mam

sua

um:

hu

me

lm'lyfnnhosc whosakmcomprihmdsulumldevelopmentsandpahuul
lcgnrd fm cnhcr modem burden ur .mhM had

Jack;

35011

mmm.
Each Dulluuk cnmpcunics

na

black panlculanzy dm 5 mm:/numa b tlm. &:xu .w,

nuns
gender, gc, ahmcmgmngmimud polluml conumumess. Them .= um
nfbmk communiw um. and the aumomanan (endemic; "r
...mwho would
police bmk mmm cxpmwon m zh: mmc nfzhc
uma

mcwbiu which

dll the Wda! need:

Iypdvllvgcd m....w |.". blnukcnmmun mb.
,M
! dimu-k |. lh: pnnlnlzm mylliicmon anim groupx
Num-d: mlnxlumhip; wan. um black pum, who. me! an,
Mm n duhlnlli nmuiumuur m speak nn bchzlfodlcphm'
nfhlazk pwpk m guncmL
idea UCLmk; .. m'
'

puucuhr hmm of pm

num(km'all um
(II I comllzkm
"::er
zh: Allnsmm mm Inch they mv: bem induced hy
rh:
inapprrlpnulc
ur
mmm
nu
undnnklng
uma
umsumpnnn
md
md
(ludwig,
muuummm
wrong rw um products, pop muslc
...!, ,; rd: to be on the Wltmg road, md " . the uutcllnmal's job m gw:
me. ; nrw du'rzdon, amy b) remwung md [hen by dulnuug Ihc nual
am the nusu mm w luck.
mms
Thus pclspccm: . m: ny mnfmnm plumljsuc pos ., which afl'mm
blukncxs ax m nptn slgnllin md sccke m labuta (amplo) Nprccnm

emm Elm! vnmh

.!

mmcmcm ufcnnsxdcmblc

m hmm form nur

nlulum ar um Smlth Bronx whcm Jamaican mmc

muitil mmpmeuu m'

VT

du ng um 1970 and put dam uau

mmm ltclmolnglul mnnvmvm, mis routes]

wu mnlplunltd
with
n

',

... plmcxnlmwnuulrszmm
nflupll'md . huge panlun "rm: papul 'num:

m. np be

ba m uk whn 1- 1:
Anulhrr wny al" lpprnnchlng zhh wa
Amam . ng um ww. "mm nm mey um! m em". lhlvdmponz
mmm kum m slwh nn mmuwy n-nmmlmwlyw
An addmulml, md WMM mnrc pmlhund. rca "r,"mm dxmnmy
crcucr
mmmummwhm Lhex'cgu hhnguagcufhsohlmLulwmld
prum-[cv an cmhar
:ssmmhsr
mmlpmnr
(hc
nmulogim
associm uh
compmhmd mm puliliu
nsxmg hnk belwccn me pmmc: nrnucks Im
opymwnmflhccrhm.lbthrough;(.md[hcacuvmesanhcmermxm
solunm unha launznglufwhu aypwoagh xm mmpm uma.-uz. n .

'

um:

Analmng

and

|":li

:xplom hou me nhsohlm

nuvem: over my hop's (1ng wc Msn have to
and mlusmsr ppmm w the wlmmhip bmm! r'." diminua m!
aulnue ,um; mm n dah m b: abin (o mm (hc mxmomlup lu
01,

sz
.
um
mcunhcmppuadl mmmmmsunhlcdmmusudumfr:
_
nu
Okrhnr
Lullum]
:
Ihc
own gynup
lesa-um
em m' group, m mmmml
mnglulvd pcxmon by mmc nim
as :: whole. [menu .a; a..., cm... um

Plm
A.

,.,

.u-nu'

hum

um.

Mwm,

,,"mu,,mmmlc
hmm

(.

MW rm'xdc &
hmmm, , whuh mw
f;
m (<"
l,,gv

mim

.,,

=,
,mmm,C,, d-w,';,;w<;n

um

pow

BM,mnwhmhcmrdu
Wnk),
],:
lH.- m gn nn mmxmrmg m rumo,, kh
Am _,, Ihc) , , W mms dw mmm mm

(Mgli;

mmmalma: (fhlarkudvmr ncnluuccihc mbnhcand

lfum mg mmm
mmm hmm,, sught, Mn

mlk: um: zlumm .md dxllluvh [mmm mon:

bth

"'

rmi
c
um nmslus
hmmm,,
na
leve]; ufum' Smxgglc and their henusphem .md

bl= by

&

mm:"
,"d m[ nv
nm;];ww
h
:.'HEL'
"
, "ng
Mnu.
md ww]

mdmkmu,,mhmmkh

&

.'
'
V
,
Kl
u wm um |
hf'
(<
m
a cdlmmthcn mumu. dcnuimu
mussi
...m-w ...n.
[u v... I'ucmhlc ,um Iwwn-I ."

[)cupm'suc'md

.
Nolcnm.-lmuwmmm Mm.uneuny,mdmbh 'mullcxnuhul

I,

md e,,whmgrhc ('mom,

um: mpmxcuu (hz mcltnmmnum,"

' nfs gf" :;
,,
md (hum
rrh:
,,," ,,,-m,,umwIndum:
.ukmmimon
]: Mllmlunuu
()frhc mm: um ' eu '
',E m
b
(, ]
1,
,
.
[)

m,, u,, ((num

,, ru M "

'

&

mn "WLM
[Mwm-nmmwmmmmm'mw
mumu m, m (mmm

m
uallulul cnllccuvll'

me '
'
' fna
MMum
lmncnmnhm mmm

mm""" '"

'" Wim

mh WW, Hcgdln bdmmmhmmhmm

ann"

um

1,

md Wlly

m lmnshuc I'mluunz culzmc ruqnmhcl,mudialmgdeosne oppmv

ximu
the way, n mmm: huk h.-m" m: lhe black mmmumriu
hwnlvcd
mmm ax mmm and ipsum-man; Munn; m ai [num

mw

m,. ...:. Mw xm
mg., ,. |,me Mmm ,an hmmm,(Cla",,

ubi!

'cnmbcd [o (hc lme uflhm: mmm: (ancepnom

raul," Samir." .mddlhazont "(brim zhfmrselvcx, .uxherlthalv dw
Ky
fi ""[""
pujpc rm, W _> www, '" u_arsf
mumng..mmmuumun.m [anal uphlt '": point um ,com [hc m.
m
dur (ht mm 01 , nnnlm. md me pmcls: chght m dmm mm .a.theconspxcuuusxhli'cmncesofhngumze:ulnuc, andxdcnvaluchd
,
me black; unfnc dmpanf no," (me ,.mmhcr, |<; Alonc mm Ann.<,
m
hung
th: Alha'umlc
umsoma Wllhm m: puhucal ;uhme |th promises m
pcoplcs
mm Azlmuc mm noguhcv (me da Funhmmnw, lh:

MRI"M'M'I"

'

&

pcmmmly

'

and duecily mu m (ha xmms ofnalmnlity

um rapidly
posrrmodcm world Where nadou emm .ch bcmg

mnnml mmxm m ;
amt
cd.,md by a mw economyufpmwrrlmz mold; dann chrucnxhlp
boundaries .! nzw ugmlcanc: ln seeking lu account for the :(ur

'mll

'

mal,.

I.:
mumu ,andnhmcin'lhlnughasmuhrsrlofpscudwpmusc,Lulnu
amp hcpbcequanuns.Th|sunhkelvcnmcrgmcc upm ui [hc history &
audienncm'
black mmm xs xo Oftcn um pn'n 'an symbm um

mvc

.,"Fg?n

mmm

,.

,.

m...-hmm mmm

mmm

cm.mr mu

and

arm:

,
rn,, mu,mmm dem,,mfmc , ',
mltfnum &
Mm
,;
.
:
hmmm-.: wlwh "vm m NUM
"'
,. d .
[

hummmimmune:nrmmum;Jr:.ummn,
|
n WNW" fr IWl'l NIMH |wc "W "cy
'i
'

hummm:

......wuh nubnundvclulnnchl

mumu-lm

fm, uma. um. crmral ludgnmelm m :unimlcmd limply unumblt. A.

(hrs: mmm mmm luvc grown, me pm nflha: :mbarmlmcnl Im

bm. zn am.-g mcm

10
um um mm,

; wum m Jrguc

um hmk mus

&

upmmu Im

plzycdzmk m lcpmduc gwlml Zygmunt Rnumm lm called ; disnncnm

1 mn
cuunzexcultun:
ui: : hncftunsndcmnnn ('black mw
.um dcxvelopmcnl to move beyond m undznzmdmg ofculmn] Frm-m.
them
mh, as 1 have alwzdy ,..ggemd. vs curmntly mm bcrwcm
essennal,
the
unchangmg,
sova gn mal um
um s Minimun ufn
Frm"
mblcmun
:unsnuncd
um
emerge; :mmngcmly
emm
A
m
me cnc: play of. slgmfmnon. This .; :.me umeeimd
i.,
provida The vimny
mms ok [h: inapproprite model hun
&
muncdl
complexity
unha
und
mmm
nflhk
menu (0 gu beyond

&.de

me

mw

5de

mmm

bcmem cmnuahsu md pseudo-plurllsn ou (luz um:

hand md between mulsing concepuum nfuadmon, modcnuzv, and pu
modennw ou the em n also prende; model ofpcrformance whuh
,
and pr:-any dmplac:
mm (cxlualv
.. supplement Dbiinnu md
Emknmsnc's
mnmmu mmnuzment (o me um a! a bc.
cnforcgd mpunuon amm from lm
( mmm is ] puzzle m um me
thelrcompcnsunny femme": ('ansmzl m Supplns legs mm mn
ay
by Commun!. develping black
nu msm-r, The pnwcr "rm-.,
eu 'n mfunmnou, Dryzun"; run musncsx, md Sung uuznr deplo un
m: fumu ur suhwmviry which me nqu A by poliucal Agu-KV. mmm
individual ou (unam, durmi": nr Iransfmmancml, dcmnndx um"...
.
mmm md iu dnnnclivr:
m [mnh Ihc lbmml mnh-m um cxpvms
bcmmmg
mam! um,. The rnfmv qnzhues of [hu munc
m
kuuwn, and : want to mncenualc mmm on um mm pm. and m
und u.
value ofrhc ...
Pamcuhr on me dsumcnun between Ihc
Sums as an emma sign
ln the simples: pnmle mm;. by pcsmg the world .|; R . zgmnsl m:
Uy
Wurm :> ihr
subo!
ated would luke n to be, this nunka] mmm
m.
WWI. 4 grau dcal ahhu cam-Jg: rcqulmd m gu un Lmug m um p..mu,
by)
h is both pmduccd nd express: ofthn zmnivaluanon um vuluu'
world h mmanpr: mmm by me hmun' of mm (um: m th ue
[
(hw-lin) hmmm bnnnd ubecmusc rh: pmfmm dimcnunmnhhm m
hmm (nmidc ! mmmc
mrmr made macau hmmm [
'
wmnwlhurw m.:
soci
.
mW. Hcmlmuuuax
' .:l u.!gcimum hm
nauulllmdmunwcm uv

um oppoxmonx

,an

mg;

um

ami

&

.mmumem

.qu

'N

um. vawhmh mm deeply mmm

lm mm" bc aum the

pohncs

will be able

up,<

or hummm, the

poh cal
m mau;: a.: 50ch
w
bei-ny hn hr: num nmpmheu, Rcllccnng the (em
dlxumve ..de arco,,
uhhc em:. m
by uu mean; hmm, 1: (un: lw: gmspcd thmugh Wha:
d by
. m:d.ouuug 111: wu cs nffulmmmt
mmu m
mdemands, a; Helany md, mt hrmbgcols
nfhs own rhcrur
:| mzdlum in which
kual
aimed
ami
usutc
lannml orgmuanon of
mh nun-rn
|:an Ix: apl-Esse I: ix vmnmncnl wnhin mudr
vnluubl: elcmcm urmodcmuyx mmm discoum: for
man-1.

huw

1957
umpm um mumml "1an complcx no! [em
u
the
m'
mumu-uy m mm [mm
gmp m: merely
wdlnurllvc,
'um
nr
,
mmm"! umpla refemvres Wim,
xm, propose .a call m pal ; or
hlbhuwnlve
Liu
Emergente nfquahtam'clv new do
..,, mlphnhu
um moda nFnsn unn mmm m: mcm] :ommur
1

whlch u ulngiany mm
m um mum iwdf
hl mlmlnux arm mlnual "um um reprduction
VW:-y
um: or the cvcmm. (||: umpun deiims wma.
pnlltlc: nf lmnsligumntm must be mwkcd b
apnque umanx.'l'|m|x11| mm on a lower fm,
dur-ml. und aum. as wu :; Sung .md Sung
,
n wunhumchm by mellsum
nupplcmcnted
which nill mau the comp uau; power ohhc
uu
no mmm-mim ils wuayablc
which ben-uy (||: remhncly mnpm
mail.-muy. m.
Mluy

mm

um

um".

1an

um

mmm

'mnmudtm um um! : pmmmlcm yum

hun
mm

mmdluuum

. ununmwlmu

dummy

hidden puUBl'lp
mvcnlx the hkldul imernnl Unum
lxmml "r,-nm ( mmm pnehcly lmnulc mls Imtion nFexpmv
rudily sqnmhlc dama., lu
mun Rfm'ls m : . nm. lh: pnlmm u
modes un.-mini,, Imwlbm: dame .; m uuuurc ..p .um uma m: ncw
lhe nv (mu g. ul'lhc .me
noss, and whdzmy um m mnchuum ou
opprvmanonwhxrh mndcmitynd ",...mnuvo:m.un..1,mr=mmv
m (hc Amd -u ur,
mas as tem: lmbmuy um. Thus me mumia .um
the ml: e! m me muugly m lmnmny
sm; g: n m uma ou Ihc
cxpu'wllll
'th Maman reflecnonxun am..cs "(European mm

Umpm,
m:
mmmme.
m';
|:waka
15
ou bcmg .x rccollcuiun um" msm mm :
m um k
gm
mm:-num ohh
('A' tal (gc gum (hc ml, ;( Is A kind m mmgma
mv
caraxrmphcuvhuh .: wmm hmm, .: 1x frecdom whirh dm um pm
de) thespcofnzcessm'nndwhlch ,:qu Hummm: m pn mmunm

'

&

pnlwlus o

Mahum, me
bm
cu-cxmnsiw, Them
(rnnsligumunn,

Menno

modumvorlde

m [mxm-s

uma; um mmwtlgdmnmuc, md

dl::J-wcvlmmmn m;-mu awxofmom] ami pc:.nqx rcspmm

mihwnfblmk muw discuscd

pzrfoymnuve

sigmmm um :|..- mmml expkmom mu um

Lo :Adude pmhluns oflncqnahly
musics ,no u; m mp out a.) um mk
mm.-c .m e 'luslvcly am.n mamor to nuke me (mun-mm: "(msm
exten, Among mha Khmgs. .x commons comum:
Thsu' groundzd
ofduminazirm um supyh' m.
mry on me syslcmanc md penmv: relation;
scpnmtml n
mndmuns ufcvsrmce nm; gmundud msm.-s .s ncxer
pohncal
:ch
(anim b: Mr d
imo an zuzonumnm mm where um nr
uma
mol "mm.
um um, 45 Silwan mmm menmmbh pms .:. me
by
hemic
Spczszmllcgrs
s
continue
as
mjm
lo
mmm mn
mmm
me mm.-em advcnunu mmm mpmmm
md and mmm lluxcxprum'c mulllcrr
hm proponh. me",
rmpcs ml num hm . :
mhmr m)! snnph . .. successmn nfluumw
MUIIIM
m. ....ku-m,
lemmlmv nr
M..-h &
,mmmmmuu
uu

n sem esp

uhlum dlmnpu. 'll-c lmm

lv:

um

sz:

um.

mmm,

rh: "num nghxslhcousls wlmsnughz ru dwngmsh bcuwcu

!Inl'moraluynml [aplimthcMmhmwhuwmmi mmnm mm
anim
lu "mms sn um : could become sphcm ofuntcglc
,."
um! Cuvnnmun ufrhc bmugcoix who rm fummmcd the sc *

m rarmmily ar a, mw gum n "(temiam hmmmmnc oncnmnnu

pollucs ohmnk
um (an .ummihvc m: acmmuc, mm mm mm Th:
&
repet the um.
nur-in mim in pum' f IM hhh- smash";
hermcneulw
dxn'cmm
mmm, m pwwul mc unprcsmuhl. [5 numr;

WNW M,,

gm,

m
arc &igmh'uml
lllmcnr

pnhucs of
m um(Ioschv nssoclntzd in me mmaulhr
they
but
benxczu
:]me
lennon;
m They nka be used m_ milan the
un
mmm crm: black Amnm dlaspnm

em" .u
Mea nfdoublcuzn mm wh , [lm map. began nd Much
m
blank
no
Wpcncnc
gncd :o hc [hc musunlmc km'c ghmg me
:
FL,
dm
volulcwf Him-nw mmm

,er mammmmu
mh

me: min.; dmmmm m

mmm! um um um um," |W mm

[lnmulkyPnMy limnuh .|", Myth-

alvlunuun lncl (Ixmugll me ubvnus

cava-hmmm! un an mm zouk m L 3 mm. (: ml _, : um

m
mllvclualnbies, (msn'zh W.]
WW"
R$
Emmy.,
CM.":
the
ul'unzcns lcd [hem [o
m
luml falam :
sum
beluxm le fnnusol'mcu! mdw ml custam: lmgmbe Th:
mw pmsmm n ; hung num] mm;: ",
1|
pnlh
'e
im
um, helpm M,, .
, mm , m,
khi. mm,. v, hc), hm m
through
Mr
"mr,,
m rhc unity (Al'ntlncs ...m pum; Amd m,, mh mm bx
' insmcn
rh. me (me, the good, md me bcmlnfu!
|. mx,

mmm

..th
mm

'

the viircm ..rm hmmm: mw ul "um! and pnhzml

um cunudcl! Ihc mm mmm, lmm u,.- pum! ()Fucw of.

>.

um NM"?

h lluu mmiml wnn uw hummm

M.,", uma.
um mun (IHU!!! within me mmm-ny.m
Inu-lieu um um u
mm nl'mnvrm-ncr hm- nuh
. W

mamy of me mmm. Tha: '

Fm .m- m Ihc critical lhuglu urbm

&

,.,

dia ww. mm larumd

through labour i; nor the (emmplccz orcmmmpuury hmm. Form:
scundmts ofxlaws, mk 'gn' cx unly mmm. mamy. and mmm
)(
'
'
mu'un rmm ma E md
a b
, Am : P mm.], EXP : a ) "a ma
Hn

v
and

197

'
m? 1 b,'
ff

begm
commuml Libzmnon. Pmms and

poem

to

com:

IMI "Wall

um.

an

[|

:=qu up and mzlixcd WM] zm

b,,,,,W(Mlmmm,Cu,,mmdnwm mm,
llwm um, na Dn) mm. mnncnnu WM me Nzr

lormwzurnbigmphkl
Tri nd "iqulv Hive WyS n
manipulam-Ag ,poken lauguag; and, above ..u, me mim:. AH
um lufar,
From me comunas
:th rh: modem nadnn sn:: prenda
writ &

of lim

libuldlmlhlllun[nmvcnwhuluakdmmninn,,,n
m urutr-mmml nllulugulxlm Ihc (Munn um Negrxw).
ullwry. .w: nmymncludc um; n- hm been the

" human Rellng zmnng llm wwe;

(on
Ihcmv

wm. man
mem, hrazmplz m
r me uma
..

.||

Nega

mm, mn ummau;

"Mut

hw Mmc md (nail your

kn: vmmcdmlrlv. um
mm
hz rm m
hare

your prmpcnq' Ifmu

um

m; gmcnuun,

.: your

ry gnt. em."

Iwuld Scudmd, Wha:

:very lun,

uma; nher uu

mdcnl lek Douglas" mm: mn m,

mand
take
has
dame

nm, maunuin
-

"rmb

m.. ...m

mm sum-w . )krcam hu: m; m,. paured imo

dm ;; um mm a mh
hace 4 bloody mmc: hmm

m:

nem [me hosted bum znd polinull) rlurged del-mk;

'upz ind sr.!rus enm concept ofnuxklmry and me miam! kim
Im md modernmtiun. Them dcbalcs have not aiwa: bum
md the]!
hm bm. wanted m a van ly

. explcirly,

m mmm

ordlng to the pmcum dsuplnary mmm In Which

despuc mmc lack of mnmtencv in thc" apphcuuou

Rnrstrics ofcxnhangex

m um.

shape

um um

::

iurpnr

nm mhauges hm

nated by :onslelladon ol fomuuy

muumny reur
mma ycr(hmmm:
nom
of
of the
m:
posmum
mmm)
um;
muy

LynunL

mn.

&

md chu dlldnum llumulvcl m the mk ur mmm. um: um

which
they
[ ..:. Somcnmu
nvcm ul mummpnmry life Iu u.: wu: to
a:. vc
fur
mm
mmm
mm
wnzrrs [m'c been murcmud m umy
in their
shnns m Ihc (HHHM (Munic nf Ihc menlevfkmenl culmina and
luv: umsmmed
mlmons
tu (hc msi arm mm. Many |urllcipam>
whal y!
Llemllmrlng
Anzellccnul detoun zhmugh modunm . a ww m

mui-i....
hiszoucahv ongum m
( mmpmm mmu-vdtrn
41
alfa
piu-4
had
mupw
or
aum; um analysed me pnunIann :: M
..I
Ihc
hmmy
mm
dcned
d::ply
me modem m, hkc mmm, hM noi
mm; . me
the pnsrmodcnl, ns nutrgcncc fmm modernity, m ns n:
nm'tl

Dr

pmmg

mndummn

[D en.
urhgwdu] mmmmury whlll
Mlin!!!
anI
W.,,Wgwmu..., m
n... um

ena-u f.,mwmm

lmcw unmy crirldun [n mmm.

um nmmpr m mcnnnmcr me wlwlc

Aun.

bcnwcnlhu mudem and me poxlmodcm m ,.

lcasl hmm: u comun-m & mun pm nf
.. nmubcr urnmlm
mm nor' uingxnhllityofxwhalHabcmushmmlh'd
Wldzrcnqu munlnrh 'n]
rhc Enlightenment pune't l'hcsc dxusslcn: web: m bc mun: um
much schnlnsw conmbuom (o me Mummy msm-,:ummm, um
'l'hc [:wuml relauunxhip

uma hmm ;!ch

oi
m

mmmy,

pmmliy-whm

Muy

me um progrcxs md me vim m mwlmuxln

pcrkcuon by seculan mmm pn. um um s...,
guided mm,
Habumms mg umm hm. Fur mmm, Focus! allIHU)"
[um um um.
...A rc. (..,, whvlh Ius been .. um"
m the mmmmp bcmccu mdw
|
'
mcnlal fun."? ofmmm w
msm.., uucc rhc um urmc elglu
.u
durm pvnml m
1
W.me mmm llplmvnlb
um unuuy Tlm Ius guned
npywar
pulmm
mL-h rcchlwlogunl lm mmm-m
"mann-11h:
in
:qunl
.md
mmmpumy
wnpnhxt hnlh u.-dm
n:.uun
m.

rm

"| pnhlul

number "humm hm

mmm,

nr

nw

.llremdy pruwdcxl * valuable

tx
&

,um nullnull.

um.

mm.-(um.:

zlsn hung sucrclv

m
_,;
Whyum bcposslblcmay

.nmumum

dnn'u iuhzhxnnn . puhlm

, modumtv'

,-4

by

.
.|

WUI'HW

'-

mim

o,. mg mk
.um N.,, Mus,"
ofdmimg.

em m:

um. wumn mudemuv .; m. uupurlnnl w.,

ty "m |M. MW., [ht m, mm,;
wm], & m
m.," vuhd yu, mmm

em WW,, , MW,: M,
.
".,
mm um,4 N uma ,. cm,

inn in xls
ph'

.;

mm;Hw "um "

.

mm,..Wmnduniw ,. m wmbic cchv ,, "MP

me Inc.,", Nuk ",um, "fka'uh' mcmlim Mm m ,,.
|K, W;,
lapxl
, Mwm ,th the
...m W,, "KKR.
'
. mmmly d.
Shui by
1c1dcmu

pnmmce "[ um debug

:] WMI Ill,,,.
,,, mm

mm

ruimmmm.

mm]

::
Hmvnrr the), approach dmr mk, xm, muhonimn preoccupmmu
zhe cogmuvc nd wrhnnlugml
W h m: impact nf posmz changes nn
nm ImuDvcnlevdopcdworldhem
nfsocul md (Munn! htc m dm
bm
in
me Zcxtgmst' Ihc comp. ur
been um m dum a mu nfmnoW
radul
crwn "
Pmwdmlm 5 f" Mrdn m "P the
su-uphwuumnhgbmxMmcnmnmnpmmrundmonxandrht'p
the posslbulm. um
mh nfmodemum, Tbm dmc ulmlc mmm gum (o
much uA'wlm is idannicd . pomnodcm nm nm- beu! bblcshadmud. m
nr
pmigurcd, m m hmmm ,.-mau...- mf mmm and q M
hmmm,!
md pruim
mmm nilv aL-my, bc uqunlly ""com nm tlm
slam, o! the. ,...,,
eram-.. um Ammv d1:upm.l, me prum: rum!
Humm conqucsl um requlrc Au simple Hummm...,
um m mpg...
ul'thc mndun mui me posmmdem m bc rasnulh' "mmm .

han: serum
hme pronnunced

mm mmm

um

m
,,"Hr'mnl.

|"th ur mgmllhlly. pum the" wupnm uh . (lim m Align

W

'

mmm' Mmm m mmm

Wurm um,"
Khl "um d"d'hmmhr'"
mh
,

um NEW ,

WWW

Blu
MWWMQW
&

'I'hnugh u muy nm connln (hn Mul ml::

um

manu: expmmn nl .
|;qu Amzricnn pmgITN Mul ll": nuke
ms :| semi. pmuandll'lml fur
by kf: md ngm
is
often
um

mnsocial and

thc

,,,,"lbf.

iuv-Wan: mr
pol qu Freedom. m.,
cnhlnctmznl m
1:
wvm muunxwluh have nonxo far. been napa From within it n:.m be

dam

a,: mmm Maw m

um um ",.ththe
unlorglung llmuncal

[Em

&

cnmlln-

mm Emmy" m there m mh bm;

whnh .mpurimmnnzmwnhiu me ver

ml anlhelm um.
Itusc

mm) ,"), Eummnk mmm mmm.

uplEerlcxnmiucsnmc olmssxons and nbwnw uuhnsc debm as

mmc nFme

..wknmlcdm and [(e um Y uh""" Wm

*

qum,

"Is" m um

amam mnccm
xzmring

me

d
&
m mm mh"
Hamm
du; ouc '
African
of:.hz
nmap;
IPM

pcm-Am

blmrk

Admmzfthar
, | The (hmmm- hlsxoncaj experience, nhhvs dm
<

mmmumm 0erer
amam m m complex md
dzas. A
phvlnsophical and (uu-mx

.,
xysteuu
Lunar!
ma European
nm ,; ward) us sak nughl, for example, (o um something m
conmbule to an zxulym ofhowmc pmncullrwnelitOl'mdicaiism unimlarcd mmugh the main ofznslavui people mm wlczzix: use othc m
Dlngmiofthz mmm Ag: ofkmolunon and then "ocdmm soc hum:
Lasdy mmenus of an ammolmml and dcudcdly mmapiunsc zype
dumblc
mmUu';
mmoming armam: mim (ou: ofmadm. mm
fun
culnml
um pmmmn) and >:; post-m mmmuuziun mw nnvcr,
um sms complex di uma mrhcr [pan mp1: blolcgu'nl hmmm; uu
mn gnn
mmplc 0: Mm sccpcum
prmmk' .1 ldlmg,

Tm msk lcqmms

:nrekul

hm (mw

.;an wh |.

"nu!w

bdy

f uma,

an emil ng presence m

W.

nn

a'

m: ( ' |

mm

'I'n nou: (hc patcnunl

debut around xodcmirym mmm m:
au um elmcm! uH
1;
msain
Eucncssll
uu afracc md mmm n: to sav m

arm

Slum

Whal

km m

Eau Call

mm ' mm W; w

1:

,,ry

WW"

na: only m qucsnnu zh:

'

'

mmm

o!

um;

um

DWHM me

EAS

m and

mum
MMC,. me um

&

WEEK WM and i?
toda ,
:hamcmnsuczul

lclhinkmg o! me
..d

'

TNS mm"
mz
modcm

,
.| dm gm ,), ' :.W k mmpkmcm

dn" Mum ., E ,, the wm, (,,

,,,,
,,
Mamma! Ill miltv '"ICII I-'): [ mr Rust

5, ww,

[mk (Hmm ; mdem bu:

, Em , m:
klaunnshnp hcrwctn margm ind ceum is it lm appeand mmm
me um, ,. I,, em, mm,' , m mk,
.
Intellectual
bm: m mmc monstrucuve
mn. through

&.va

mmm

mm

which hm. m f,,

m,, dom
me, (,,, ,, modem
uxend

the high modem EH, mmNSI m (hc xml

backwuds num
w:
amt vol-uol mbordmnn of Nki nd mm n'EHYP pmvl
does not gcncmllv [emm m fcnumporary mmm mmm me phlkmyplll
ca], idculagxml,or cumml comem and mmm-mmc, ul'modcruily. In
um [hc ppmnuy happy mx
nm.em modcrmry
em.
nas
Kha:
gmccd postllUghtch ][ e m PU. L' :|. and llllldl
relauonx
Thom hulupean mmm nm wadib, ,.ch ol any ":ch rm:
que: mmm
wuhmuhmmy Mun:degradcdlwmmxghl
*1,
m.- um nl'huulgeulwIlunu zu", Mnmcsqulcu'lmuulquuliuu
Whn
um um- hc
mm "mmm. um Munn, unmlwured.
null
mw
unundlw
mtu! hu lnbcllnl .. ally vaum-m u.... mm. mm

."

4321553

,um

'" P '
' m"

um". , um M M, ,,,msic";
m", ,n dmmm
lins mmczhng
mm mg
Musi",

(Unum:

vm

m
emm"

mi,; gr?

&

deum

"mmm fwmzilk mm md; up to.

lu
mdem,, m mm

|.qu m: hmm
when :: .; mimi m
my
md
Eurp"-=
(
Cnm 'whlfv m'f'P
bm"
slawd. 'n periodlxzdun oram mmkm and a.: poclmodzm is mus m m.
black: ... rh: Wu: m! Ihr
mou pmfound importance for the lnstoly of
chrondmg uu shvfu'ng relations of dommzuon ami wbumumnu |W.
xs
rwcm Europeans and me mt ohh: wand [: csscuml fr our uuderduck...
gcnua
mama ok [hc :rcgorv of "rice" mclfnnd quhE
Above
sn, ul
1Mcvm,
forms
of mm Magm
n
mem m' succcsm'z
and
evolution
ufblack
palma.
clibonng an murpmlnuouohhc migms
of

, Mm, P"

Mmmm ckumu

..

, Im(d um my Mulbmkpinzmpglm
ml
d
work
nFa
number
mha.
my
of
'n

&

MudLudem,,uumwm mmm,"
,,I- the
ti?,"b'
m "num by ." "am,,
Wu,.lwfmmmwmmfl,um
V

'

M a 'E
"Mis
m ',
,fi,"

|W"

,?
.?

f";
WW," um," Rm., ww ,,me
Mui," "",,m'flfslf

,, mtuu-hn. Hill-MIM!!!"

:ymm Hur (:prme th: domlnuhn aruanda

und mlmmluy,

'

Slavcry

...a the Enlightenmmk Project

mummry

be
h popular wrltcxs like lurgen Hlbclmas md Manim Henn. mv to
hchned, me unfulfilkd promilc ofumd:rn1L_ s Enlightenment proyecl re
whmh
ma..., abclcagucwd b... ncuclhclcsx vibrnnzrcsmut
"mm.. nnw
nem
pen...-.|
...me...
be able . guide me P...... ofemumnpumr)
...a
... "Was... (n n... vm, ; pmpm: dm me msm- ..an mm.. .|....
xlmcn'
phn ...| ;. masscxsnwnlofmc mlnonslup bctwcm mude. mm
whuh
mmplkc
mvismn
...-....
....
mm. ...
m.. mqmre mom
acadcmt pumpams muy
dzbnzcs um. m.. mmm-m (hall .... ...
, ,,ch
the pcnun 1
Despite [hc many pm.:m quihnks of Bonum
heads
mrmnl:
......
speak
mmc.
hunly
or...:
g(nemljry
am......
...
is
cnmonmenz"
Tlm
com .
unity uhhe modem sdf mat the mndrm

&

' '

wm

arm

W..

...:...

m......nublyplunlunlum nhuod:
dcccuncdnud

experienccnudwkhrha
...bjmnv md ...-nu...
ma.-mm, n..."... makeunm: Very hum chlml ram.: Hummm
um
me...-. Inc.....wm .....l |...."sz Isane... um.- mmm-| md hlm pmvm
rm
rich um lm mmlum puluwnl lhnuwlu md mun

mmm
"mw

m dn:!iancc

num... ..

hrly

'

uvcmwhmg modernism he ses-ks m

m....

my, which r... nu m appcsl dm: nat enter dvmczly mm Berman'x

unha dznymg .Um mi the Jmer": ww nf modem
amiram m durma- "under"
.
...uma... um.:
h:...
_. ke um
Bug" pmmulmu, [. cnnsnmc the ..nage :an
..r
of:
wneh'
'1 nuam.
p'alk
lmwcmcm ... aquel: ..,
m ruizuml
mmmm
pnllcil culturewhich .. au exzmmclv amhxguoux
(ompnncm
mlernm
:|! lm hnlc |.. du Mn. [hc mnocem Europeu
vith
m
p..-.)...pmug
-Ily mn
nppcm Ihc Wldndcbarn m m..... hc
nn w: mall seu lu okml how speqic Bmu,s .rbmk .meu-m.
,
"nulmplywriteu luv: mmm... wughrm
.
mmcmwnm
" lnhmudy mlhlvaluu ldanmuhip
. m.- Wes! .md
m dubmm
.. m. Hu- n |: W "cama.y ... W.... .|... .... m......pomi
nnul um pmmllvx mu...: r...... o.*b|..k...|;c.1.s......m...

,
.

.mpunu

me,

. warm"...

mmmma

a... Hmm..."...
"|! I n MIC: cmcrges m cun Sharpe) Exus whenBvl'om
ln aIlDIIIC
Humm clcunbc & mm! n) rh: me.] of thc South
Mm!
hh Whom. Th: lmkdwm um gram... tlm: 1.
Inss rhc shadws of ma. d.....m urban hndxcap: (Mm
m not in
-- bc clnhucu rw me
J

&

..Jmmm.
um,
nd-Mwm
m avrmm
mmd'
qnlmd lud

... ...-4 n."cumcmpnmrv pmxum ... Ewen imo:

pum mic, m: mh vnhmblc prmhms nfrhis xpcunl modems;
luva. muugn um . mun: In .|.: lurc ofzhc
cxozan, for a mim
black
intellemmh,
have
-|n
...-... cwhum
..... um mau....
lev .q'nf
"1
|W Nildtd |<) nd h em
u reinam in gonna
me
which

."..ch

# ...m

A]

manner lw um am great wm f em. md mmm.

about modelm . fGoeLhc, Hugel, Marx, Stendhal qnd Baudelzuc,
lyle und Dickmi, Herzen und Dexmcvxkv"Thcn COHSPKUUHS Eumpcw
m.....::. ande, remaxks hkc .]... would xcelu n: ...... to cndcm' m:
duny mu
..., : m nbxolutc bvuk ...m . pas: l.... also
cw ofmndn
n
(h.
(hz
'ncuwucss
mmm sdfmighl rank m
poss hiliry
. ng nec s...-y am...a nr compnund win,, From chmn's pcrspu'
n.-,me wwerfxd xmpmuuhsxucslbk: nec" and gcndcronthefurmsl' u
...a repmdumon nfmoda . selvas c... ...o m..) bc .=. ...... Tlm pnmhllspecifw
uu
uy that the modem why-Cl may b: loand m hlsmnmlh'
nmidnbly ...ka cuniigumnons ofmdm mumu" ...A mmmmm
black nudwhnmmlc nd lbmalc,lardnnd bondxman unmcuwmnml.
Bun-nan compnunds dmc .umcumn bv argmng mm "mm.. murum
.um em
mmm and pu...... cul acloss au bmmdancs of g(ugnpl.
mclmofclassaud mnmmllty. oflrllgmnnndndcolugy i.. thxxxmsc lundnh
....y can be sm ... unit: all ...ankmdm (emphasis u...... 'n... mma bt
md a: & suggcsnuu m... mn all :nmmpmng luo-(:rmw ufkc cwryuul
.... c....
.. . u...-...." ...a (&n...... ...um... Tlm W......
dxscnntmunic
..
a...
.....
..... Io my
...m:
....
contem

...

'

win. Perry Andam" ..

; Em
to lugar um . mv"
Izudnble em
remain
..
Ihle m rhehulnu.
g rhyihmsufevtrydny nr. ami |... dm.
V....
amu. Ich (nunca... vhuuld cullwn: ...e

ka,

on

MI.

'

mn
Dm: ofmy llml Sl m defend (hl! (lu-Alca TIIISI
(Ilumllul:
um] uniu Mm wma. ]. |... cndnwcd dll/apor.) palma und
'

I.. [Manning

....de

...

&.

nFlynumu-lgnj

'

lurmuhiccmw MW,,

&

Wmumutumufmodemny....lmmien...

[hum...pmmg Bh n."..." ,,,..k.

mmm.
nmm w.,
mim
uma. um... llmply

manh.
n

mm

dw |
,. um, ::...:

.|..

W"

.; working um. .umumnummw

rh: fcnlrlpcul mm: ufmudnmll'y.

xsuoum cmphmg um um... . um belng .ngud mvhumk hen.

and (hz: [have a gnn! um nfsympnlhywuh , persuax'vcuud'dmulldn
uma.-c;, Pumung m um ,
account ufluodcrnkv .unl m mudam pu mal
munfluor
arme Lupus a.. hu narmm'c "ru-e modern shnuld um md un:
.

least und
[hc fm um h:, unhkc manv ofhis Khrorcuczl FCMS. d- a at
He m
Ihc bluk md Huspmuc pmmg m the mim ohh: modcm ciw
m mand
mm n:
1on b: Lanterna! Mu. m: Impact 0?"ch :arcgunes
work omnl 've mudams hkc Hegel, but he dcs rosin the mublack mmy ma mk m pum-p
(cmpnury cultural products of modem
thcwww wluc- Bmunmn PP'E (in'mu'h or'hhwr]
in mmmodtv form ru: mer" However, none arme
Prduced
um iultuml hmm u! rhFrum insights "="qu hu hm: t lm,
[n ; xmall
blazk Atlmn: (of an image oram Wrking
m,,
xs
m m.
mmm; (o g' due wughz to (hz pinnhly am belle: mmm of
me
his
about
prescnnnoll
profound
problem!
Fluthcr
modem msn
no
whnlcncsswuh
and
muhsiug
mm.
me
conumutynfmodcm udenuty
-

chuu'l

..., cunccplion ofmodcm upou

Pmnunfg cul zspcus of me particularizy of modem mm Human-'A
shuld f bc undcmood as an Decision for stgmg the mnfmum ,.
Senor ur :Dmmumq' and me iupv
bezwem m: mgmmw me; of::
a
ndunaliw [ um um suggcsnng um
stcd universalism f acidental
m
cunmmponry uam f black Intellectual 'nory compm: or mn um
mkwmld um .s inmummunbxe wnh um of the frma Mnehuldmn

mvcytx

focusmg ou um Slaverv ml m
Tm: Mum be the c:.y my a.... for mhumanml
mhuonshp m um. do:cmurh Wc me xcqnued w mnndern
pendcncy mu Muragnnism a): mumu!) zmcmrm zndmw m Mwm.

nlmnmrium
quesofmmlemity mralw bejnsom:
1h:
The key m compuhmdmg thus lies na! m um omhasu, scpmuon nr
bw ln
wlmnl form vmmr to bth grups mw sm: emm wwhvgy
xnzcrpcncmluu
wmpxcx
1
",
um comprchnmve grasp ofrhcu
: dm
pnpullv
black
Arlanuc
Th: Intellectual md Cullum achavamms of xm
zh: grand uarmivc um".
um]! cus! pmi)! umd: and um um against

smuri.,

hghxcnmenlandasapenmmnlprumplca.Thcvrsmmsmvc gmwlwmnj
lmsupported by : mmc: ofwcsmm pnlmcx um mas, tough Ar:-uu
mim
phvluAuphknl
mu
.um
themes
(rope; and political ami
gum
be.., [r.milnned und ndnp
(Imsc who Wisin-xmrln-nx.nlmy11mum"
by their Nm wma hmmm m a new pah" whey: me dimu-trou: lu

"r,"nr

hm: nn

Tum |qu

und mpl: onguu

manu-|,
mmm
rumuumu um: nmuluuumuly built mmlunal uuuldu nn

mk .muuul

NW

,.

Bum-u. who): wnrk bem h nfhleucc, Inrgcn Habclmu'anr

cnnvvyndcep mmm the denuxrzuc pntcnud ofmodlnuty Modcr'
|. uudmmod ax Hmm (nuligumuun um uw spatial ud rcm'
r. Iclmancrimcs defmcd above aU lhrough
m: calm. usncsx of nnvclty
xy.
ud!
ofcwil
me
rh:
modern smc, and indur
umergcn
lun'u
cnpifalum. Ncithcrwntcr would .
Accept (har the nnrmanvc peituda]
..., "zw m n;; bem edmuned, bm (hein is um : pnvm'ls: or naiv:
uniam, Mndtmitvlszpprhcudcd throughucounrzrrdnmursnand
clzmenu, >=: mm mil)/'
Mama solely lhmugh iu wuntelflcmal
by the
main hmmm
nf mamy whnch a,
hmm
bc
;uch pmlmncm feature ohh! wldtuing
(o
W humm] modem
,
dem=
mu modem cxpccntion There Is 1 mm uma, fox exalllplc,
the universnmy md muamlky oicuhghtmrd hun-Ape ami Amma
med m suiluin and mmm rather [han :mdlm: an order cfmcml
nec nhcmcd lrouldmprcmodcmcra Th: Egumul'columbmdocs
&

mmm

|.; [,em
.va
Warning ;".
mmammmd-mg m um, m .|. .ng

,*

lx

lmphcidy uxcd m mark me ms um; pameulu undumudmg ct

column mumu and me =(?! ahh: tanques! uma
um.
simply
Rousseau
"andm. 1.- um mms,
m
as an Dexuncs andlflt
all, me history
.s pcmcwa ) be relevant
surpnsmg um
very ;; mmclmw .Assgncd to bllcks. [: wames ou! special properly

um;

'

um

hem m We
m mmm,
mumue n,
mmm
ch
&Iatnry : pmmodcm
which views plaumriun
mmm: um disap-

dm: , Pm r me em

'um .; only ]uu

,
.

once

&

um.

m.

lndamcnnlly uuumpzubl:
la to beIndusrml
prndm'uun,

ununnlily nml mmm

lcmclously
md m m; com: ufmuluug
Mm, |M p m m
Im rhmry o(modumiry
md phllmphlml pmmim.
Im
work army, mui me]. ue
culllempurary mm bm
um
QnIy [mm
mm.. modgmlly www me
m.,
atx
Mh un... |. perlupu m irnuy f..
Hmm...":
y

wim emm-

(mista. Haberm
.u; and abo]
bmlrgcnis ...m

"wi

.n- M
W..
lunllleml lu,,
mann."nw,
lulu msm-mw
Mm mumu
vlw

nk

.,

mod'E'-

mn dvhnul
, ,
.md m: process nl'cnlluml n'z

mauWMMimmuommnu-mha.um umedlmuuwnunln

(Emningunl rules md pmcainru uk'wlldunun,11mdilTnmmmlun nhllelu

<phcrci ofvaluc ;, characrcrsed lw ,." ampliu un dcccmmxinn Ind r..
n
&
mc mncepu nf!ury nm, uk- mndcrmsuziun m n,: mm

(hcn uq, n:;dxcucx,

:thk lluplv Mcmmm wh um modem
,dmeed m the nft hmm. ; m." md ucrcd .phemsor'iwnn opened
: hnle . the cum: m'lhcl
up by mz drazh nf nd md n.,

mid, This dn gcncr proc

XP?;

f
",an
luv name:-(
(um

be appmhcndcd in the
the nums :ulwnimnon"

dm can
mmm.
fmm lhe tumnd and

5.) .1
fuucnmulhc
the
:m
wma,
m
mugntr
mv: em
puderam,,
:undiuom. cvcwdm; unsnoumcs hmm, , nu,...
(hm
um,
W
menud cn - 'nu
ncd fm! me uppumlmn, m cngagk' m rcllcxn]
or mg emm m mu sr cwfnmz: ,., mms nr
wc, ;,
msma. cmum:, paul.-w, md mm:-m ,tmdmdx,
Habermas dn:; nm follow Hcgzl in .ugumg m. um, ,, um: a muu.:l!
unkmg r &: in that ,. um bom runner .um mm." Em m
cunscimlcnms
um, m mumu), ,, ,. bnxh (0 Mac,," m,- um
happy ml nan me (he "uu, (|W good, .md me hmmm du mu luv-:
x|: shu mg,... This mm,, 5 '.ulse though Habenm mm

pm

&

mm

he

ou

;: rm .
na K.!mmu rm
vlws m which Hegel's ailcgn' urmn
(h point Luer ml. Il ll
ill

mu,

planng the .lialucuc umetznnd[

mem

Minumzn und freedom nmrcd

return m
hum 'ng rh. when Hm nus due; Em (mich ou the [nuker/<li"

of Eurupznn mndcmiry rcmnm num

umidz tlmusclvc; n .; particularly dmppnmmg um hc
lhmr
the
nn dcmmd um Eumpem mmm mk:

sp,-mg

um

mm

11.1.

11

:th

mnh mnh;- nfnmm d

um
nppmunling um Hcgcl's Jtuwunl arm. nusrcx,r'xhvc rclmumhlp [s

nual .;er muy

"gs m conmmpnmryrhcnrian ufmm'leml

nrmc mg.-m ,.gnmum ul'lkgcl'umrkin [nl- ,

,
dlxmlm
vnglh: neh..-m
,
mma
..qu
me
mmlom
me
Em
plulnmplm
(o
Hegrl ., no!
m hein;
Is lmr ho ,
Mn
mm,
mn mumIn
n
nunk-nu!
plvhllm.
humm
.|, ",,. ..,, ..,",
Hc g,

Ins

.,

na

ofmoduuiu

,,,,

lm

,..,

..

,,
,,

,.

,
.

.huu lhlnldn mumu mi

[tem msn ban., 'n,
zricd .. pm- [lulu pdvlluund um
uma hnnrgumcm m crhlmul arm pnnkloul url'm. ahh: mun-ug,

binary [hlnkv'ngm which une .nuer In :| comum couple u uw-y. dnmv

umed bv m qmud and mmm-4 mlm hallnuh/Rmak. runull/

unusual nature/culmw, ghz/mk

Thnugh Lonmr mm mm! uf Hm (um-5 diagnnsx nl' mas xm:- (

:
wcslcm |.
.um", | dlsagm: um her xrxpunses [o |, Hur .unwu w
bcxng
is . num:
xbox):
from
thinking)
muon ahh Jung (and rhukmg
.
.um
tlm :.u :
to each em" um (hq, form mmm-
n:.lwniug
unnmnll glam-cm Sh: mm fcmmisl version of
u
dn m product mu.
analngy fur understanding vlw black wmen
an
m npmcuccs nfnmrgilulisninn rm."
ml Ihcnn (Mc

mnpmuve mmm, This begun in an rxrgumcm for me

mmm 'ng
social (ummlctlon nfmc<" md gruda. Thom nn mmm mumu ,

ofcnunm ,muuma gcnem hmm ocus the :mmcipmnq pmjct

epistemology
(|
mun mmm m mnsmm in um.
: tem,
mmm
standpuinz :ddlcxsm m um lack num deu: m . um disabuwd mm.:
experxrncc can a as the gualanrnr unem]
5chme essentialb, fex-nim":

(nnnrblnck) rem- mmm-,

: knnwkdg: dalmj. m
mu.
..; |.:
d musk
mumu Sapal":
mumu na fcmxnvsr m dislmg hcd
argument lmm um
cnnquc m apelam phnstbly Tlm: : opa.
r -k

value
undersmndmg
fur
me

nf
(.m
mmm:
.
fvmnlc mmm ity Human, another version .f mu! n:;xcnnalmu
-
bmmhu
lmugglcd through the back porch mn um Collins
4
[
I'mm
da
(hz
huck
hcr l'mm dum, her rmmposizion,
mm
y [
Envei; rh: positron annowmg and bang, ks cpvmnuloglcu
bk
dmznsnom 1x: mmc! cons! ucnt mu suuph pn-:
unwlogical
md
phxlosophvcal
( f mmm
snmc "lw
um:
mmm m (hw damuuuou
um
cmd nvuhul
ingblack cnmmpmes bom cxpcnencing hu:

md group nham)" ol mdcpcndenl longmanu; Arn
xcxomncxs Hur mconsmenrdcpluvmvzm Dfrhc tenh Aflocemn mm:.
k)! black d mmuuues =,-c. rlu
mm Jppcanug Wnonvm

nuls-lm: uvmuamwmunh-rmpl. both

.an

sense

lu hc mxrd mumu
rm... m .
vm though

oww]
-

ol the mm hmmm m

um lmlc um Lhe runfumm lm

|
mgm uncwll-lucubl,
u
connnuz tu se um (um Afmcemnc cmmzk
k [hey um .nnchmnuy dhum a.; phvmc Black l'cnuuisr thought. |

Em: Wllxlul

mumu":

ln ul w.. I:,
hum-nur.
Gumm
um mm:-1 me um mmanghly
nu mu mlmlm con-une: ol'nll' nun lm ban Ilm-

matm

mm

m
ardl u: dmlop mw mod-Jl to add hum!-
1:
Blnck wumeu'l lmldpuImIhm
by Andam/mudem vmmm um pmvidn :: unlquu

hh!

hmmm

um
. :ummuuly.

Mery. 'n

mun

lllumndpulm lhe . Nuri".

.: rh: mm: whm lw-mm

uull um

nr mdw und AMMlin: will

bi
pm;: |. .ympmmm: nf other mbhru
m [xm nm what- we lu mnlu: um. machulmm
mm
Iluuy! Wlul
lllpply um uuhluvvny
ml)

uudmundlngm'niliu Inn

mn

suhyecr nrhmck pa] eu

, [bem um
mumu- wm lhu': -mu

mw"

Im In

cluhcddldmu

Ilarlnn. lxpcdcuce-cuuml knowlugc clnlml. mediar-:d [Fu lll

fmm hg imuuecml Vanguard. limply end up uh-num me

wnmcn Rv . nmmuncr um 1" ||: um m'wmu

u- nuy hm mm: win:

1. Inu
.: .hm um comum. uu

.,

"fhm

..

num cul um um me um in me hm nl'lhn: whnle

H:. mm mbleeu. I'm all m cump' .um muiumu :n Hum

nllegury in Ialloml.
cm : um] .. pnm : Ihc
Iummomdnu h: pmhlcm "mim Vnruurhm iuxu bom p..-;.
wuuhi um um uma me rmm
uul pdirlul prima.

Hmh

pmtmrnkmlun md

mumu

In

w.

mun. the megane: nr =nqmry mn. -

:| mm. um he nm nt um n,: n.,-

Millan almmmIN/nud .lmy'

-"
Hm ('(Ibm mw My umphamwx vlm

ww n- um Hm r um-

vlinlun

uni

Wthmm-kwlwwd
mmmmmmu
Wma lw
r-wlndln md

u m
mm mwmnlry

mmm-: umuuu

Scumd ; mmm m Hq;

>

da; pm.]..m " me nlnrlmuhlp

[
um!
tutor wmah'lnnlm mo I'requuntly
rh:mun ul hmm pmmcmc
nur :" appommlw m mumu-i rhu
um" mgulur, mm
mdunallxm which banllhci
prndu ve debut: bem:, A
dm Wipenente n,

uf mdenuly
manunmuzm Inch lume; du
(h: ghurlcummg arm: Enlighuumcm pm;:n
the : 'Um-hc phunsnph
Cumd um rm mma mu m. Hcgd
[(n-Ag, Ir. Th: pum! Menu-x um) m: dhumm
nf m, Mm" mm:.
modcrmn' wma Hd MTur-(s ; dnuhl lgum.-mr bmw, . w: .
( numha ohmrllcuusk r.,mmq bv m.- hhck Adm. '- |.
sm sm
.md deeply
m mmn um ms mh h
n,. Thur mam:
.;an
mhmlcm rchuunshp hw uk .md me uuullrcnml um U" in mm

um; hdps m Luau mir unmmfmnablr

puliucsand Icucruml m denufy hc dhuncuve
1:

non

Lum-

pmpmm

mm:.

nu me umd

(hn dm mve exp! xm. Amin Hmm um pa . "Htgel'

m.
ulmima. md hnw um Ihr Jpprpr :km m' qurhnu
captura mw
n,
themes n
n., mmm .um ucguw.
World

.]m rm m;. And m'rnc uma, n. :

m
cume N., Hugh: redcnuiug hand

cvcrhcmul'crnl
rude Img, um, um (uma
alude
na
Ming guuluFHesh

kh Ihc Imperfect lwnunml n

(har wuuM I;.. mc hnm m.,

nmephnL

hmfm

hm,

mm ."qu

In X? mm anhugmux Sam: makes (hc pam! rh.

(ou nor dal &' xm um] V::hnnm
nm .= nr mmm me

hmm

'rzmlununAu-Hhcmnuquuu(clarinmslup.
' diczliuu wlncn cumwwd me mw
um
Fm
cumvaun'uu .md ..ml imm:, ml which ludum 4 | ,
vnhcu uupmm Inu-mmm um vlmmrlun mw wu "uu'

(hc lnunvAme' .. age

m um anmsung
;

gglcv

".ch

um a.-

Willi!
.l'modunlww bu mumrmmd

, ,

um!Ary

;m:

r.

Maped m the m:. uF

Thcyprumcarlwlylu

(hc Iuhleu
dcrnvn'

z..

um?

Em v'usuhmnlhl

-.yoh|1udhnul
mau comum nn

um

pn :ruflhcm 1h;davmimmgmuplngnndtlu num-uhull: aldqux

nfnmdemily nnmbmu nclnxilycomplnrcdfromwhhluhsfm'uphum
mpmulndvc ruma
mmm 1pulmcnl uurms,(Munlmmmncndy"11:
lw:
a"
m'mc pmmim md
umd-v
explore
wwere
wma urk mm
mm
1d
.;
omnunk-m
(har
pnzennll hh:
alhei,
w,
| ,mspeczlvu
mnhHowever
unusdy
m vmb, gmuudcd m iu .,
" m
"mm.
mmlcmiry mi.. m mmm, mey
mk Luhmccd im ((Jim:
delibrmlely und mmmmusx , un
mmo; .um mumu um
gin _m ex'trs ,uma m pynparnun [o me hmm rms ofmndcm um
The&
nf; x:mncul.vmcwnfmxlmpw
1. em buud m rh: furmntin
d-mzwx.rclhinkthcmnmngxnfmrimulim
snsnch demand
mus
nu!mom), um numsubycdum md pmberm um nghruhu ue ded
'

dw

mxm

DKhE sia:s

mm em me tnnd
&.an
' Itaumsnutmemh'tnmpznblc
1

and on

(h: wggsuon

dunn

m
um mmm hmchm.
(Ny :ompliuz mm , ln
fcmucmpam polias and w...] (henry,
mm;
111
Hrs
in prnmh: zu || wer [mh .m enm (
th: value of an, prnjacr
alongam: muAcmicy'u um:; uk mw md a.: new
freedom m
:pm md
rmm
bc
:nxummcd
ufwzh'hood
mam-hmm nm m wmlmg m
um
[hc psychulogiu md
lhe sux-== Hummmfmmf
me ud fwm
eplsml (curnylmlesnfnul iuburdimnnn. T unsnhl: mmm is m
rpmrmnkvg'ul
bc undmmd m dinha-xt w
nm [hc chuan call:
" Inch
' m and [he Absolute
urummdimu
exp-nm
nm'
memgnn
&
b
mmlucd
me
,- m
term.
mmcrmcs ippar m Shounin" um
e...
c
Fouaulr's
wunuy mm
non ohh: idcn of.] mmm
mmm
_d field. na
me [..,
mais Sgu' mm m ml.-mmm upon mu
Enhghtmmem "Th: mz . (um arm.
::enaiuly, . ; um, , dum-in:, nur even . ; pcmuucnl body u
m,
knowledge um .s ncumuhdng; .: m, to be (n:tlvcd m m mumia, .,.
am:. A philosophiml hf! m wluch rh: ( Liun (1
mdrhcmmcmezhe h' Aiulannl. 'auhhnhmxrsthntnn:lmpmcdnu

(:

.w

_)

us

md

pmmg": m. m: p.

be prcpaxzd tu um mm [h:
gr
m
m m: um chipm.
mm vluelgc rmm slave culnu: As we ,um
m
.um-ml Arn-!irium

[un'

nim":

"|, uthekimi)nfnumcmddln

in

me I'nmml pum

'

mumu-|m- ul:-

um...; lhcy eu deum! minnha pluma

W.

,.,w

x, '

prcmrmn,

nm,, mmm

,,,, mmm

,
up:-nm .unmuhlnllm .,,

,,
bc,,hmumifw
-

II
m humlage and thai dmmlnnu. Thll Irrlulv pulam
f these
them-fur: mm,,My ,,,,m ,,, ,,, ami ouulduhe dulvmulprmgmun mncd ,,, ml,,lm, m mudam I'Urmu ,Imua.
dcrmzy am,, ,,
a,, b: .,,
,,,,
,,,, carne ,,, own d,,r ,, um, nf mmm", , mm,,"

I
Gummo

th

,,,;

forget! ou, afthc pm,-,,,, expencmcs Mum,,,, hcng , mi,, ,,,, In

]cgumam ,,,a ,,o,,,,,1,,,,,o,,,, Mm, ,,, uulrcc um", 'n. p,, ,, ,,,-,um
,,,, po, c,, suma,", ,,, comi ,,, uh,], ,,, mm,, .,
,,,,

'

,,

|, ,,th,

autnomy ,,
",,,, ,,,, ,,,, nm,, 'n,.mcmlul
,,,, ,,,, ,,,,ou, [vom um
cokemalism,
um,, ,,A-

umha, .,, slzmn,

,,,,a,,,,,, (cnor m,,
chamcxcnm
amam,
ted ,,,, v,,,| ,,,, ,,, ,,,, ,,,,

np<d

nuns ,,, wma, rlmroppmssmn JppcmdZS , ,,,pm,, ,, ,,,, um: :

pm,,cnon uhummodmc r,, ,,,, ou , world m,,kc, Thi, ,,,," p ,
duced ungcnmdmodcmvry ,,, ,"er ,,,", ,,,, 'Ioscd ,,,,m, nfml
mpclnm Bump: ,,,,z ,,,-= m..., ,,,, meu,-,,,, nfllumms ,,, ,,
A pnnwupnuon ,,,, ,,,,
m,, ml,, mu,, ,
mms dnublcncummplem
,,, ,,? ., .|
:xpandntWasl ,,,, ,,,,
umqu: pom";
,,
mmm,Hulme chan m,,uc on,,c ,,,umm, hum,, um, ,,
mod
mc
munbcr
,,
be
through
mk;
,,,",
[nerd
,,,n vce ,,,, (,,
.,
,,,,ck ,,,,nkm ms,,xk &,ng ,, ,,,, 5,5, ,,," these mpmxcnturlve ,.
(,,,, ,, r,, ,, mas huck (nua,-nt,;
um. ,,,, ,,,, life ,, ,, cxcmplan
spanncd n,, Am,,- ,,,,J mvnlwud ,,,-o,, ufmmimn, ncnusm ,,,,luu
,
Ihc
mcv ou bchalfuhhu ,,,,c uh,-,, ,; nospna htm ,,, msm,,
,,qu
Ius uavck ,,, Engl.!nd ,,,d Scotlam evan m,,ugl, ,,,, hd,, ,., "up,
sm,, d'nmmnnmw blxk Atlanmwnrm rn,,k, ,,,,r,,,,,,,c.,,,,u.
(o, the mk ufpmgcnlml um, na(mnahsmemlm nd,, . m

,,

,,

,,,,k Athnnc

x,, Lluu lu:

,, ,,,..n ,,,,-

,,,= pmlvh. ., ,,,

,,,,,

,,,y

,,

,, ,,,-,
ru,

,,,,ch

,,'

"'

n,,

"Hmm-(

.uhuum mmm n,: Fannl'bc ,g nm,. mfmhgummw

snllell um cuuld ber," ,,,c Fur ,,, Ihc xlavclmldrxs ,,,,1,

Mr um, mumu, mm-m,, ,,,, ,,,,s, ,,,,

Advoc-mi vlw Iulmnuityul Am,-,,,,,,sim, md ,,,,cked ,,,, cx,
rum, hmm-y l,, cal,-hmm, clhnnlnglml leem": Much ,,,
'

mu vmuu

Em,-,,

um a,, um publlxhcol ,, "Tha um,

,,,,lumlm

mu,m,.

,,,w

mm, ,,

,,

uma ,,,], f, , ,, ,,,,

,,,, ,,,,nunnn', ,,,-,,,, "um,, ,,,, ,,,, mm:,
-|m.m,,,.,,|x
my ,, ,,, reform. &ngsz ,,,,
, ulam: plallunnusmllw pmnu-(nm, pmclpxtdixtmhuum
95,1,
lulu ,,,-,,,n,sc,|,,,,,,,,, ,,,,l,,,,",,|,.,,,,,,,,,=pmd=,, [,,,]
mm,,hm m,, ,,,e Iaamuml hmmm were during ,,,,- m,,mc
rim,:nldand ,,,,ppn,,.|,,l,,= by.,n ,,,-,,,, ,nhnuwcsomcmw
.wimnm, (Imre ,, ,,,nds, F,,u Ihmc hmmm!
behind eh,- ,g,
m,,
,,,m,, . . Clwhznuon ,, ,,,, ou,":
mines m hllmmny
m
',
wmv
Chnnlunily
uw
mv: lnrmcd me uma, uMs pn ,,,,z,
' bu, hc
vm clllphan: rm, me best nustzr hc em md w,, ,,,,
,e mu, ,,, bc mh , ,,, ,|,c mundo,, a., sim-,, nen [o
,

**

murilm num-mr rum, u,: ,.

11"
W,," s,,",,,, um um, uk,. publlhhulz'lnl nanm
,,, Mum
,,,,y .qu mhnplnl
wunug ,,,,
,,,,

unly vem

,,,,1 developed

Lord and Bondsman in a Elzck ldiom

Dnughu. ,,,, acquimd

Illl

Il : ulniun-Mp ,,, umdcnry wu

knrhcl' Ibrmsu ,,.- lcmiuxm.

mma,], ,,n, gruta Hnllglucumc , (pablu,,of
uuon nrmamn m ,,,: e, ,! dmkncu
whn wm eu ihlhnv ,,,, bumps, Duuglsas mmwcd

'

wumo, mmm .md Akmmln CmmmchDuuglMs ,,,,1 m,, .

himscif H, ,, generallv mucmbered ,o,- d,, q,, ,.,,,,1p,,u,,,,,,,r1,|.
nu,-.,] mmm), H,: wnnngs mmimm (0 DC ml,
,
mmm ,,, ,n :,,I

,,,, pnhzimi ,,,,1, 5,3 ohh:

'

mim-go
me ul,,

I'mm

E,,mpm

hm mmm-nm,,

hi! uml

mmm,
nnlwwn: ,,rm, nrigwl ,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,
mmm. Yu Dnughu w,,um um, ,,,, humm from Humm,, ,,,,
Iawm
,, ,, ,,,, inmmplem mmm ()Hhr Fullglutumcm prima or
Wlmuvcdunl m,,

',

mg
mmm: modemanIndeplulcntvunluvzhalmmrs
,
philcsophvml
,,,",
hm,
xmmpntcd pms: ufnon
,,,,

zum,-mn

Blu.

mu,
ml mm,,
on:. pardcululy

,,,,an

,,

humana,um, pm,,
;m mama,
-

'

lllnunl Munn." ,, .,m mnvcycd ,|,,

naum, ,,! Ar,-Im
xnumly um,mntlumnwmh

me

mmmm,
WWW,-wu," n,

hum. ,,,,l

am.. A.

rlu'

um

.,

vaximfkhe NHvVlll"

M.
hr m: mnnv African-Ammann.
secoml
wifz,
Helm
mx].
m. hu lBBDl.
dmc
demnh. h journaywaspnnnfnlang-[crmquam-nh: &:uwinlrw

,M:

mmm;

hc mm supporl hu clhvmluglml mamou ," k h obvlanl dm :h um;!

eu Egypt ax evidcncc ofrhc gmnmu ufprmslavc M'n' " mmum,1u=m
rm un.-k um! 'ly ml cMHmdnn.
cudunng symbol um r ,va xuppl
xvgmfiunzc
vamu]
bhck
a
um spam
mmm: mp" m m mudamlm
iz
um
At the mylmr, hclpnl u: gwund
um. "um whliupmu palma
bv
oumd: (hc parhwny mrukcd aut me Wcsx' own pmgm rmm barbi"
rlsm to civ saum! und ta show um [hc path began in An'u mlhrr mm
(inca. Em" nho prouded um symbohc mem m mem Ihc.ul dlupum
mpmnlm
aunque of Funghmmm universais mmld: (hc phvlnmpl
nnpliulml'll
ahh: Wat Though Douglaxs cmucugud me trhnnlngual
r Hcgrl's cw m'ABicn md Akhcnns (mm rh: plazlhrms nr numcmul
&
crltlr
pq .aml m::nngx, lm mobmgmpm plovllk duma lu
x
(nim
':rmluly
mv'
diffutnz
Douglas
m
[uma
a!
mn: ochgel
atquninzrd wnh the German idealvsz
w: m mdebml m (mw
details onus ;:
hmgmphcr
wmhm
Mchcly
Ormlpunanr
mx
nonslup with Ozulk Amng. me mnxlamr f the Genma" cdu
Mv Fru/(nm puhhxhcd iu Hamhuxg in
A&ing :
Intellectual
h
She
clljuycd
n cultured
dmc mmm
muy kguuml.
mms mm na uncic's wifc Fahd Lm", zn Ampurum I'lgum in (he unam
um, WL- knmw lhntAsSmg md bom Goethe md Fcuexbnch .o mmm..
n weum have been mpnsing fozchs mmc hm not bm. nued iu r
dlusuous company. Assmg mk ." mm nr: in me Enix m- KfW-Humm
1884 me; Douglas mamag: m Helen rim
(o pmpusc um wu n .,
wm, rms suggcsm'c ("mmm m mma,
Hrgzl: : ulpplumn
secuou oDnuglusk
alternam:
(o
mmm a: m
hurwecn 1
smlggk
ex::

lfnol
nanywmug afim ; cum um,:
wvzh Ed
xn
mal
and bommm,
mh muumonm
,
[hc sim hmm m Whom he has bem sim, hunglass can be
Cm
:; um .s syremndully mwnrkmg the encounm nomm manu nu .
m ,. slnkmg nmnucr h::h unem Hegcl's ox :chgnncll Mem:. Ir |. ,
mm,;xma mumu
um tatha um me matr who cluclgrs fromwhnc
.
hu mmc:
nf (unsuouxncxs m. cxms Im man.
Ihc leprcsrnuum nr cmvvciumunll um
mam-.| wimln
afpuwur (na: I
zmnsl'nmutinn
nfl'lzqu'l
Duuglwx
.
ul] uw
.,<
|: I- ulu: me mou ,
,um
cnmmwnml ..
npmuul
rm .m ,chqu m npcnlly vhl

y? ,Wumhvmb- mu bn

&,le

mm

um.

mm

emma]

um

||

"'-W
mumu

Mnim-nuam.

m.

,,

Dwnlun %md Mm.

um?
,.. amami-nu:um

lenmlnmhqmnm
pum lelwemanuulymmpw

'

,,'

'

,", new mumr wu u unreuonlbl: u II:

um
Mudam ndevcy'l [ami-l mmm: nr me nnnm
u.
mumu-1 m bmk Imuglm. Llu: mmm
w
dm ro fla. H: dmrltmxlu Rnrnlx m, n
r
.
nuno . few monlhxnl'hh
.,

,.

H?',

vLX

'

di

na

Luc-kl" m.;

(lulu wu

na hmm, m body,

'

mma: my [mellm lnnguulmh uu ***"

lho :lmnw [park um
uma abuul mm.
m upou mt: md Mhuld nun:
ry
,
.
:
'

me

[wu

,,

,,

*UWMIIJAWWW

um

&

msm bcnxlng. muglm mnlnlud

Avid

uma uem

In II]! Mindy.

fod:

ref Cony;:
hchnviournnd
in

und
nta-num

"um
Mudou

,.

_,

'

mumuhinno

'

'

um mim
|.: "pedonal
bc
=>-mn.
pmym m
lu nuh:
who wu un M. way m Mud Ih: Subhuh
Luar m mumu-en
. nvlghbourlnn pmmuuu,
bomyud rh: um. when my
num Wuthmu: Duuglnulnuhupuuhlm
m m.
mmm und

helicml

mm:mmman
'

'
Hhkkn the wmvh, xl-ml hl with
....
Dnuglm pnym. like MuUson Wulllngmu.
Fnr delivcmncc [mm
very In gen-animam

mam/Isha.

amu...

'

::lemv

him uu lhe gmundl um u

um na
mm.:
Jud Mamma .. mmm:
anmp-zrl'y. ..

_
,

ly

"!

"'

,uma| um
um
,
buch pm:-.a m
'MWIWWWM.
m.
'
,

vB-nuam mw

vmwf'lhl

uam
nuncmmm

Wal

| Rubi/Hmm

pw-m mm w 1 pm

Dnuglii .msed qunm-uuly

m' .... hghr w. vmpussilwll. my

"ITU Bangla-I :h'crniud mumu rou! which I.qunl

zm nmgu' lcd him m
mf
ma body, wuuld mnh: hlm [nvulncnlhlc m Emmy.
hl ide
un the
him x <.de Jnsxxucd Dnuglw'c mmm mpdcism by mim.; him um
m um kcpr (' mv un mm, H: WM me mmm m
m A:
m.[emplcdmsnv
Jlmmuvm, !!lm
rn
um]
.: culd mmm .au na harm m... &) (mk n..- mm rmm Sandy

um
mila

slighlgium
remnwdth m: Cm , .m=<hn|.| Heldluhcmgcrrmdcl
urshadmw uma, mp um. um mxm upnn mt" Inu'mr nhlm em
um Dnuglzmuukrssuch grcnuar onnc mbullsmfhgh nddukucu.
zh: :nnsrrmdml glam nr ,hmaw vs
in nzcrrslmg mmm w. da ,
glam .., ; shui w Th: nu) um, arc ; u_u mmmuws mm sm , ugly
m m.;hm ns rn, nur

um"

hh: cpm. 1h: uxzfnlh' deplnyzd

.mbvguvtymaulwhcauypn .uknmvkdgzmrntufrhcJ
um In..
Inch bind zumWhltclndebwclchk mr po dinrhculc.
md
cn um [(> chuull
Un hi; return. Duglas mr! Cn
drewzd m the" Sunda bm Cum m Mum (lw mumeumu .? .".
Angrl md uuhd w hmm nm Dnuglm beam "n: dunk nm Smdy
'
hub md more x'irm: .: um L m my pude, um mn dlmg m m.
AUeurwcllumdMondaymnmmg mn Covey, med I'mm Iu< . ximu
nbscnnnce,rcnuncduvms.-unanmymm 'um mmm-rms the
mnmcnzwhen nnuglm rcsuhcdmirh.imsmmg :nnscqucnccs, m md
ensucd, um um um Dung
np m m; uw dcfcm 'n Hcgclmn .wmggle
ideal
:perrh hudnn nnhcvcrymumenl In Which he
ussd nw-1 a
held h.; tunmnmr by the tbm.: "1 um [um sm fuml, &, [hc dum: rhm
|, bluod "(med mmugu mynnxk, An- m gning m n uw um
"hc nm lucn
dm!" md lu. nvhmh, 1 mmmcd n pllze wma
m
able
Hcgclmn
m :nnnin lhe
xmpJ
hmm togethrr m m:
Em
1-5
atrengthculthc othernhomwnqunhmgl 1 Emigrd D0<lghk unLud
um.;
cxpccnd
Imuhurmnmnn, . ev dlenwughk mm- m:
me
sx.
und
(,.pr
m.
both
fm
adm p
em (0 me,

mm..mn muume mma;,lheanLrhc

.md K'mulmc, Ihc female stm
m

Hugheaxmshatcn

nommc

.:

hn

(*

wv

mm

w mk.
is udch...-crm

nfhmlghn.
wu, mh
vluulr
Jmscd m,- Dungh .md (Invcy ... mm 11- (mal rn,m hum lu
to the uuun ..
um: .; uvnv :d [W (|.: ummur in wl! h mu amam Icr
nnuglm nu.
.- mh. Mm
up the comun md
um luuln, (:.ng

um

xcv huusshold. bm

held

xulmlux

de.

m me

In mc

nen nn

um

Ile

um hu

um

Unum: hmmm-ln

.me

wu : h.-nm um! llll'r um nulumlurh wu

mw

.
1id:.ml'mmul[nllylll
mly
nllurlhnnlwwm
um a.. which lh: ir munangaryuniofimm
um upm bemqlnl'l polidaI
mmm, Hamm, b hltumnlng um the
would-lw uvmu d pm.
mscusscd elmwhcr: Amng
lm
chn
| m
sum
lowphes oflhc huck Atlantic as : .ympmm (if(mpornm dmbmncu mphilugoplucal and snaregc ou mzioni nl" bhrk men and wmucu. ln hh
nuny
amu; essay 0" (h: l:.[mmm oH'Vnmcn" Du nun Kumnu .

(old to mm by

chdzu

Phllhpa

Ich

pinpomn me pmwem with pm

um..:

l-mdcdck

dm h.: m; uncc in Fancuvl Hau, When

Douglnxswzsunzufkhe:hxd'spcclkcn Dougtamm bue-uw inu
.um]
m.- xvmngx arm: Negro racc md av hc procccded hc gruw mar:
ul'
hnpc
finally ended by uymg (hn mey had no
mm exnted ma
jumcc from Mines, no posnblc no. cxczpr m dmr nwn rm mm.
[: must mmc , blood* They mus! lig! nr ummlm. Soynumu
pm
nu and drk. On me my fmnl mx hung mexpuku
mm m simng,
sho
form, nd in m: bush of fading when Douglas m dawn
han Ercdrmk.
all
(wu me
out in hu dup, ptculiur voice, heard

Wendell Phillips sm

y'

Gad mmm

licry nnuory
The qucmon whuh Soloumcr Tmn detecud m Deuglass's
phlusnphlcnl
um pcxxmnslic pnhuul cnmlusiun hs an important pla: m
debnxcx over m: value f nmdemiry md mc nmmlumon ormmcml.
modcm values. ln Germany m roughly me szmc umz, mmhcv lecrick
ImpJIanuns ul"
(mundu) w pomlcllng the philoscpmul md him
the mmc question [( anins uuplxnr in Ih: story Douglas mg!I: my uso bc :. queszinn um nnnol bc prmi
m and ngm!
frm me dusunu mode of mwunuy may whlch " has beu! anmllmul.
1
To counter any :mbiguuy arund zhis point in mmm-x m:, w.m( m
&. appeared elxtwhqu ." me

punuc similar Flynosophial mndmmns

ln :mcras an impunanr
hlxuny ohhc abollum :
m lnrImbunmd,
Deuglnss's
shomy
a(uslblhln
em |le
gem mm:
slavcry m
The
oMargml Gamer'x armmplcd csmpc rmm

hom: nory

mr

can usefully b: mad m mmunuinn wuh onuglm's mmmns mu unnlmng, bulh m na" uniu
01
A
guy "a] Smry, Vamu um mk
like Dongle-n
AfncznAmcriux| hlemry Lmdlnnn "Hummm by
Lu:
Il:
black fmluur
milul
ny; Hmm saw .! d a pan nf Wim mighx
pull! n:.1l pmym 1 hum ' w lculmuuy um muply m 1an Mnrrllnlfl
umaphulvlli mu a mim m mnwcmlnu mu muy lu Iwr num Brian!

km.-n

mm

,.

..

Mamma-Unn

na bra dwtmltumulyhlnvd
um! nw

' l1=d

mmm, m|:an

mtu-hw; huhu-d.

dmry ou . hum-mn #11le

.

.smuon alma,; llw known Rohun, hl: pin

u
four rhlldreu. und nine mim
mu
um. ou mau;:
upnmekl I'rum thc other um. um (heywm AJ:tom
ghz ximu . lhe huma
,
ar. um. Minh mm.
by mg cncircliug :Im:
mmm. Muy-m kllled Im an.-yum]
'
wm. :| humm kuii: and
m uu me
m
Ivy muube
me.
nkcu
into
m..
bm
|
.
my
mm. Amhllul
hunbnnd und arme plmnrtm
the
ldiaceur
uwnlhomc, This case "mma ..
(fo
rh:
b-ulu
mm
mr naipe
Fugulwislaw Aer. Maru.le cxrmdi n,lm|eu-.nl|ulwiecllv1|y,
';"
y
puwcrx ofmurk gracas . um
.: ..an
mm. Dupla
ldxdplulL'd
(m um Por thc mujer nfrhc um: gm whnm lh:
xu?
1: mm MM g in:! x ma 5
y me
m ewnnmlv um hex m um

mmm

mmm

mmm

,.

"=,eran

m Nm
pm:
:onzzmpnxary um
mp0"!

0!"

|
um:

um (piodc

m mmradmn
"ee.

way

"mmm

Www
amam;

!
*

*nmplper por: suggencd um thc Gum-m' nngiml dmsmu m

bondugc md. rm- Example, bm. cacem-ngm by visit
m mc Gain"
:

hnld by lwu ughxh Ladies.

accounznfrlw even
dmc/n [n rh: lemismlm' afIAv
Cin, Canin was a local (nuker
md regnum] prendeu: ohhu Underground Railroad

n.: hmm.

.
Im mu
punphmily mmm m the lmgcdy: A numha nfmlerening puinn
hm rh." uuhnrimlvc wur as well as from ncwxmpcr

um;

Amy swim
:nnml re on
dmmguuhmiburgnrll
.

um hiouuphy nflm'y Smnc,

umanm wllu
mimi M..-gm

em

Ih:-

prisn

m Ila/zm: by
ml,! fmlur vaulun written rm m: Ammm
.um-uu me nuruuauummnmml Sumi""I513.121)...
!
mmm

the

mmm hm mn Hngm xlmt from [1h

Ind Ion
mm hum .,
m-meu Ind
Alm
(hu
'the
nmchcuug Iquct (Junin wrim
mn Wc
Abuglu bmw" m: um Am
|;ch 50:le make! um mmm-c
: um.
havcd
phcuumrnn
mmm and Mur-sul:
( ml uma mm gendc
fnught buxch, mi A:;perulc13' m protect um; pal'cnrs, um] um, children.
in me ngm m ILLany, uu:
mun mwrpmxcv'rdf' m (hh icmuur
W:
asauh
me
chxldun um plm hum- . um .umrks nn the
Margarcr's
m)
house by Gama md hw htuchmcn, ln Cam msm uk lh: mr n m
;* A: crd
um .U' 'Muguethns .pp 'mnl me hpclrssnuc: ui'lhc su
tmp
pmlnon and ,seu hrr hmbnnd . mpm. red dm sm begin, hcl
mm;m
:
her
uuk
nn
v
Smc ncwspaper re, m um um after xlmnsz L!:winning, me Imle
: ngm mm um m Imr
gul's bed , m Lhnanula"; her [hln
mother n'hm Jr . [Mut in slzyms [IIC other dldmv, "Mnrhcr, help
* BJ'
tz, ho :].umtd w luva mtuu :d lmlh
me [6 NI the (hildrtn.
45 lug dm m nenhm Lua,-".uma
(hc mmm, qualed Mm u
,, uudnSamu.-nucummmm
nm dlnnuragcdherdughur
uv
<hmlld pruxbgblvhne dont [hz ):"!L." Wlur mod: ufuliunnl, mnm!
sul[her]
Ipu..]
from
blazkxmnmn
m
hm may hm mmnucd ms
nn:
un mun um mim lhf sight
omu pxpzn n'pumld m. the um.-r
ur hu gnndchiidml & lg mmHg-1 .um m. m mile mngc Muda .! bed.
Wlm m wc m nuke um (outrasnng ?um<ufv101enrc.nnc (ndnl ..
nppr:sx()1',nld uu- o(hcu, mm
:.
mk md uurwml. dmcmd mwuda the (mm:-1:
::
ramal:. umchuw mmm, hmmm
mmm um pruulll
1 im
fm- her
me Uluru) nf kut, pxivje. .md dcm
mm. Magma[
Huusn
Ponce
h.
the
Hsmmmld
mid
street
Sunnn
3,
in
m
(mma :;
nk'hm
lhe
mui;
'amca
md
smpclkd
Mamma
um
:| mmm amt
mm
daughtcr .v. ,a Lluhccuuld Lvur
n Kcumckvnn Lmd":<mx nued
w a!ma:rv."

::va

lh
Ilda'
um
mplmlyrwh-fu

.m

TI-ns

tule .u

mezdmelv Ytpelfd

,me "mm,, me m,, pzrspcn' ':, nm.h wa, m hc mndr: uhhc

am the slim .mm ma bm. fenule, kmcd by her nunhcl Icmhc vicd
Fu

me

Luqcmmcmph. (dxhupomnnhcr mmm ,

hmmm, rhcsmuz mnmwuu gnml I'umm uu
wnmluul qs hv. nu mm dwn. mu...-1 mpeued her. nur
_..1... hlmmmumv Hur, mmum um um ('lmulnm hm. um mluld m

mm,
sn.-

mom
bm

&

.
.

Mh

sei um night m mind,

adecp .uul me um .- rled She
me crying. 'l'hey wer: mam In m: roam wltll
H.,.
PWM.
um slow m mov-:, lumpnd rmm
M, H..-b Mn,; L. , lim lg meby
me Preplmc mmmnhmn
&,ch M,,cdmk Mun..thus cndnl hm ma.-
md bu. mm.. :ml
me

Wim

mr

Ms ,,

qummns about m. med King ml: m gun.

".um m gmina. .um.- Ihc p cbrlogin!
de.
cmgam m
n;,de,,..5m_,,n :; um by the idm ofnumm xm mpnnl
mm,,
bk. m &
mmm num. Flw Mavgurcx Gamer um
., dmg (mmm
,uk m hcr r ml m mumu
_
."
Wmh um dm, m Dugl
lcgmmny m ,]..va W dwrzby [mmm the dukcnc nflnreruhccnvc .|;pcndcnzy md , ugmnpn um Hegel-< nllcgnq
m . mommy
&, hc
x mm;nun uniu- slave
vu
nl:
cn:-num
vndiuu
hm,
Lm
pl:
memnm _.gmmmunppc. ||| bomsmnnm b: upusmcprc 'rcuu
fr,, dam
(hm "ch schmidt (Jn b: mm] as 4 (unlrihulinnw
JHreednm
. Luugplye- .|
mmm um dmws: ou me(hzmmr: .: of huw me
rh: n::dm ufl'rcmmm ll
quwzmn
;mg Line t ,d ,: rlng
v.nn have
fre:
mlmnuuu um..:d.
uylucpnm um by mm:
"rm bm, Iz rhrcmind
i
m
us |th
fundsmzuml
dmh md . ly Em mama.:
ww ' [.
help; m drch nm primnl hist-uv ul mu.
,mlunumq, hmm?
rc-kmpmc,1us
me moment . bilcc rhur
dam, !me
(hc purxuiz ()Fumpm by ruthml mmm m- .um
m m (,.um, ,,
whm, kgmm um: mumems uh um
mum mk winmuw
m. pr.fu ) lwyuml [he Hmm nl Hm
_,
mu-nr
um, 111:Wim rhmzc ufdcam nrhrr mm bumhgc mhulmg
PMM
,me,
.md rumlml saw
,um-W fcm, um i; appmc- m me forum loglc
And
(hinkmg
CMMI1h
upmucd ill lhl
unem
(marfim Dandim
'o,
WMM
mm mm na; A; pm ur nl:
mm.
Hgen
1,9. mmm m Kennw , BMguL't'. .w'ycr, M mmm.
um,
3.1.1 the other pinguim "mmm .ul
d (hc
d,.
s singmg m m(um
L
Thu
Lu
gAHw" flhr (hm
(mururd ahw .
mmm
1. song ic 150
ngm
fur
_.w. n iam: a ma
mm
pmi ,
mm
(A cnlmml .- .u.
nn
md Pn :. Hmm m
, cmd m'inumnn, 'n
m w
mim' m cum
hw hummmcul|
. mm bc m,. ", mm.: mm
|vri<lwwd
'vulincly
lhrm
nfm'mculnv
i:
Lwn'v
..; ;
me "um,,

T..N

,, npk
mir, me
m__. puuu

,,.an
.,
mh

sua
,E,

mml

mmm

hum-m ,,,.,, mdnh.-m:

"um: ..,, nurkulu (....

ympulmw

nm.:

Gar-ur nnrmlw

m um

prum. whmhy um dMnlnn ut'huvlluumll

mundu
uma.furmd um .. Muulyum
,wurrh pnulln;
&'
: mmm uz
1: the end ufrhu mm cumes n!um
uma ou: by Wlllhm mumu ln Muuu '
x.. emp...-.:. Dnnglluh num nn .*
,.1: the nau nfluvnll unilt- hu wu WWW
'

MM

uu Aula-. tanbem. mx uu' Mwm

mlk-nm uf-

Phln
,
,

W'

um:-mam: "d'"um"

um... M,-'

...m), kineccpublemppiop
| um.
H., ". I believe xm (hum
um amv
ccmmg the sum urmuh and mun" u niml :n cpu Ind me need
to clipart fxmu mmm unam xhhe nppmprhn: mim:: ofridzl lu,

(mullrse

rhcnriclly .um per

uma

nu mmm AIE m

bc

uulnuimd.'l1m dislinclh'c pu.

m.

,,

A,.

'uw .. ,,v,

canon Wnim: in this zannd mauvsmihr fumam period

um, mmc .,.y me hpmng pmmumnmxr hmurr enms mm hw:
'mphv thc
mangumu , efa new ml mm Maury gc m. huugjm'a
cnndusmn d
me lembr mmm m a .|; (: and (nmpclliug wd
um. pm mm.-ummum 'thypuim :o the [nuh, nfmctiph
dlmmm'c puhhml pcrspcuxt In Which numv
nun um! lcvmduc

Wok mehrcs mh pocucs

m form .1

mm, ; mk, and plnlusnphiml

mood um hm: been rrrcum md mmm m kh: palma! (Mum: unha
um *mupmmus f um cnprcsiw:
m; Aum: mer emm The
ruiz=
thus uni m (he more pu dv philcsuphxulwnkmgs
fhm
m
.

Hmm,...

x,

.w

mudermanvmersIlch'nghtand Du Em: Th , mm;; zhflin: "rm.

Lw
me mcmphyslml quantum W'hu um p md
quiry secmg m

mm

"When um I must mvscll"

Sann- ):,m um, Du Bnk unam Duugl
He developed Ult argument mplvcd m (lu:
neu level :)Fnhstmnwn:

um 4 dimuumg prt sum.

um" tcu, clrwuug m

esd

mibr mfm
Thu

.um

Zique. muumd

Th

[hc Amu-ian mm m.: km) n lighl here is a ghz tu me

mm Either he dm ur mm,1fh= mus &: wul be by nu uhzcrfngz m'
ion ufnnmlganmnun. Hz wi (mer modem c
mun hen: u.
black
4
Amcnc s
: .md unl med e.,mluy
man .m tem]; ar;with um, while mun, ur he m um
:
mm m. Em, mnmmuuu
.um bunch, or :bsolutt equzh 'l'hcn:
um
uu ha na coluwuluuc.
Thu is [le Lht grmt battle uf zh: Wcsr '

': Doug. =. Du Em) Amal m mmthsh um the himy (hn: pl

um ncwwoxld, pm.-um;; the
um : ...m md
.] lcgmmnte
um)", were
pm um- mm hvwry uhhg WM . & wl)

um.

&me

Thrwwcr: nm umquc cx'entsfdiumu cpvxin. in (ht hhlury ur. ml

glnspcd through
'mmct nu Mam rh
mim;: muld hc[hc-v
mima.
spxm
(mm
lhe
nl'mudcm cullum
.th aum!
lm. nur cr:
Wen: um , m hc worm:
y mmm: [ampal low-rd: nds-In
normal mmm. 'I'hc
bom rhm
mun
mumu nf Mbm

um

xy..-..q.L_

.?

I.J

Iewels Brought fron Bondage:

Black Music and the

Politics of Authenu'city
Mx'naua

hmmm

:: vam-p

ullny'xmmmhlshegmu:pulxuuldcukvu
Smam:mvdrnmncnnhmunir)
h,- sm,xing naumulmauilcnm ,.xpynnhgnx cpummauvenl'lhc "mau.-l
mxgdweyunumlprmtplz

mm
ck

the

mm! ,):me

nmlmmcs

June

bardxaluug l..,
m unklmun
mu,; , md, dx sun,! im
dwl you
mnn),
beauty

um.:
bond

ma

mm.um.:dmmvnma

<

,mg m know
Ive?

mm

rm, minis: ms

long.
.=. Bum ..... the mu mh,
me
mm ofpmphch me
ng
pt mu bmx! inm .an
lm-

mm

H Ruhxlmsllw'cpnurzdnulxuih em,
A; $xml muy m Jesus! (ln ns slnuu
Hu um musl hzve nighy m -.

mu :hmu h., hmds

nw.
wmhnmmwm
low
m

mmo: s-mg

11. hmm-Kd m.

m,

u hk am..

u; Wlmuaunmrdtw
AM wl." x

mmm; mm.:

511.

mm: mm:
hmm
[mm; um" nm,,
': dz

THE

EMPDEAKY

'

mudemly llld ill MINI

ignum] um. Thu |: .

,
.
lm Chapi
ahh! me, me umd, nnd um mm .
gnn; um the mndcm Hummm,
u,
rm w;
dim-. m m: mmlbrmarion usp-mm uv: ofcullule
nfmuilml
!
kum.
hm
uam-ml ,um m: hwnaml pum- hummm: "nu
lv] me:wmleulumi
ul'mmlumlry
wmmmm-.| u... n.: Unique.

cmp :

4 m [hc

:"va

:.ulwul amp-l vm: prt-ll

m e
'x
h: .uu Audtrmly nf'kllexc Form. Xlt: lhalr menurlcy. lppeln
In rh: ;:
(dmgm um pxemrxln'mly um bath mlwly "(mmm
f'mm
iu
elmlumu
m:
pulm
mn'rmmmdv
pm, 1: m .
md
mhmUrdus::uhnml[mumunewlyIII
mplvrnzmngc(hen-km
m
rcfusc a . cgmia nu win:
rnvmm - mxumpmv m mem hm m
dnmlm
.; [used m memby "
' , param
m: m..
zh
"mm.-m m: rehlmruhp um-m dk. pmmg md uw "furl.
m: project "(mm Inlandpmuon.
mmm Tu-M, .um] ,.xb
(pmduzd m mmme nwrem nfrnr '
Thrmpmofum
.mdgnnd ycpmzedlvm .nr-mmunmw Jluzu'nm um.
Lm
mm- ha
wd m :1 um. m.
um hupmnnl "whm. 1: m
mu
yrivllczcd :unicpunm (bath uruguy .md ti lg pucmincnr pru.
MPLwand ggmumc m mmiuviwhln'j
Mons "human: mmm.

:.an

ia.,

'

wu
%%%N

"M

me Admuc hm gmn ". uw

um

154,1ch

hlmrcd
m
um.
c;w
[luz me

prnpurnll m

n .; impnnml

m'cdnnwrmgnc um.-mim lurmvnf . "mmm,"Ink nn the platinum: .md m um hmmm, MW hq.

um- .uma
Imgulmc md Munn um" mm.-V
mmc um ;. mc point . mm.
pmyphnnym .lmdx:Lhcpmtmnenilunkm ccnmszm,m "um,

mmueum

Lv,

Tlm dnidzdly run.km cun .a ms Ih: pmmm m

nfmrclczemulirv:n-(iiquwdcgrd
amv: 'In-(< huguzgcklsl .um ug
um.
rdlMinmhip m cnucprs )" lu) ".uma-=, Frzden Duugln uma
rclnnumhlp
,um" hen mWWing um:, me mmm whu Mwm m: Ammann"
and
mu
iu m rur
bem:. the uuamlmu DIhc um:
.um

Lx

ly mamar-my

.x

,um
u.Mr Gurc
wung .um. inlingcd m
: Em um,
;
m
"own,, mn fumwnm, Momsmmd wanmkxu'zinpl
'zkcep pamhiazoakunuhann acampam unngh
dulge m .. wurywcni, um
mmm, Ovcnarxmll snmzumc
nu.= annkcbunnmmnmnd,m-(mmv
.um. uwugh

vulllMx
wulxmmh,aud hummmandedburm mha d,hc4=u(spm,,
wuuhl
mm mm lm wmp, uma uamg m: rum cry (hn: mm
v....mncmm hy-hm
www,-u , Hiuavugclurlmrn
-u
m
"mmm Ih: gnmcsl um mun
mmm rnulnc mm u
nuuudcr lm clurge'
gc Liu-m upmv

(lvcghvnznn

my.

.
,
infu

xcmrmbm
,].ch

dmkd ou p..;numum md um m culmul [);.m-

sne pow ufldngmgc

m Hier.-

g.;

nhm
Mlnmrmlm

lul'Illi wmv
mmmz
pv 4 "um. m um bvhlmk Allumi url-l
Ihc nun-kun- whu |an mula .
Ihc mr nmlcr-umhllu unlmmm

#mnh:

P ..

p:--

unindo".

mmanmq,
mnmld
numcmmummwmkk
,

mmlwmimnrm
Glu Mwm-uw!

memmi
-.

hw

"?lf''l

'
'

'l

,um

'

,,

,um lu

WW

,.

 ,
,,
ringmrlnopllmlnuv ,
,
,
.
,,.,,
und ml mwunuw of um, .... ,,,, uur mm
prob
,,,-11.2,wa h mnnr used to many sem! mun mmm"; tu me
km of - | uma, m :! lhe mmqnenr lelHdenlhy of the amu"
,

Ml

*,

mmwpnmumiunul. nun-cancelam
group? Thukmg .um-u musi
(( Subita]
(ha um um mluchblu m uw
FurmArlwn aspects &..de
pln
Msi) useful iu
trymg m
:ogmuvc and me uma! Thcxc qucmum um
pointthc emm,- cneszhedc compqnmbmblankwmummulmu.
(mdlnnnx ofmuxyul :(prcuinn W m
my mmm hm,
"Ihc
m
and
black;
muda ly huaxu aqui." impomm m the study uf limpou
prnnly
uflcu
Ihr:
nus: me,- um supported formm) efa mana, ><-u
um me
ol'orgnu intellccmzla whose wmam mm: us to
people
emmy.
'Uma:
Ipeda]
values
wuh
and
modem
cnsls nf modcrmry
operating
wilhmlrdw
luv: Dfun been inrzllccluals nrh: Gmmsclan um:,
buncfks um: Row amu rm, a Irluonimp rn me modu n ,me on I'nuu
me culmul mdusm'n, Th Mv: n
sum: innimtinml locations widun
the pmmc: uk" Im legal.,
cucgorisauon
(:n pursucd mk; nm escape
,;
mswad nx zemponw mmm"; nr
(on or inmrprcmx .md have
xcuslbyzy
(hsm-Ac! and cmbntlcd
Much has also operated n a
mun]
:
Th: nmpmsslblc |hy1hmsothenm'v
polmcal and phllnxophical
mmm
aumble
oncnsnll
m . 'rwolk (u dmmctcmrc wu
brbxddmdrum m:
bc lit: and to be mmc
the
comunas an alumalc
na
mvoalcd In this counzcmmmrc's umquc comumnon ofhndy um
m.
mic. Muxc, m: gmdgiug .: um suppnscdly colnpcnsmud uam nur
muy for mei. um from me ambnguous ingacies ufpm al reason bul fur
hu: been nlincd
m.- cnmplek exclusion rm... modem palmml soa:
mode
nFcommumuluu
ir
provides an tnluumd
.an dcvchvpcd .w um

_;

,,
.

mmm

&.an

wntmmmpumry blllk cultural

,,,
..
"

.,.'

:;me

um u,, Wum [Mnga:

,,"an
Bh
Mwm, "" [h, ndulmmg
,

lmuma arma mlhnle. lu nll'il

dlmmv
.

.
,a, Pm
dm.," |. ",", vlluntm. ,.
[apoiam uhhc mundurmnnuzyu

,,

'
,

uma, Umd ,,,,

.

Num..
plid"

| mw

,,

'

, Pulin!

mim (, .., .,

.,

,,

,,

,,

mudu", ",, mm... rm, ,um

mmm, dw lmwzhlnmuqu. hmen-nuh.

.
du,, ,,r.1|.,,,<m,,..|,., NNW
., ",,
,,
'
hum",
mmm,
" mmm!
, ,

um

W
WM,

,,

"

of-nmm-hummlwmmmm
,,
. .

,,

".
W.,
(www,-nn.
Mahum)
mr): .. ",...,... mm., :
g,,
,,
'

Mmmmum mu,,
'

'

.,

'

"'

"*-m

nmmmuhmwmmwmumm
MW
WWW..,
,,,,

,,

.,

W,, mm,, (MWWWV "'

.. mmm W.,,
"WWW "um

:,.
,

'

,,

um,gmmlmnryumh

, .|.,

,'

m., ,,,-,,,. ,. mm,m,.|1,..,..,|,,,.,,.,m

by

ln lochl dl-clumldnn md produzam,

,,

pcm powcx DFwonrspnkcn urwuncn,

vandonczlly, m m: um of um: mlgms in me mmt modem of mm
manaus ,. m end ohh: nghtecnth ( zury, "mamy; crhumeukd:
aesthetic um...,m'om hn (unsngucd mm xmmml unuunx m uunuu
ofihc prmmve that mtrium' m n,: consolidam" usmcnu mmm.
The crumrs ulhis um.any mm;;d sumiu. and mnumvmwwr m
pmups mute accurarcly dem-med = mxwivcs. an sppmprmm dmgualluu
follomng Julia Kustai pmwcamr puinlcrs xml/Md. llu: acumulador
ohh: uma! bues (mm Which mmm, pon! mm ,. pomhlc. 'Huy
smnd Ihc" ground the sem, p mora-Ms Hamm md mim-1 eu

m. | mm lu mdw me :uggcsuun dm lhcsc mmm mun: mnha!

&

,,

mmmponm
"
,,, mm'mpmuwwdunumdaw
anymmfmugmwmmuwhmi,,

beyond Ihc

mimar.-m|vmwur4dlmmu 'ldul'uucllccmnlunllcnrbeclunlhlr
u Munny.mdlhch'rrm nl'umumlpoluihmmmlllllbldellwdlllvc

mmm
wmmw'mu
Ind mudam-umha

,mmd

mu

Mundo Ptl
M
MW
, *

,,

&

bmh ur rhzsc pmlmmun... [:

!=
by
...m... Th .Icmnd amplmm rh: um na mm m um
p:)fommn ...m-|. videmin .::lluglyuperleucndlnlhlmnulnn.
und sumctmcs mmm r.:prmlm'cd by mms nfuuglemd mod
swc

......

,..nd :mmme Anllp

... g.m'ym [xmms:
mlmcan, e,-...e, k..
ml
.....1
..... (.
mprm. .. .... pnuupnl fomul l'un": "rum m... [11
um..... 1. |.... .... ...
.=... .. .. bridge n...... ..... '...... ...|... mod
&:(plcsynn, xupplung. along ...-m. ....pm m...", umuugt, m..
mumu
.(rmx.turp'. d.: )- mencum kw ta me um mau... ...m. mini.: ...
u ., Tm Ma...... doqucndv s...... |... ..... nl... 'uponnm ml

th
.:

......um,

E]...

ukin?

....
Ama......num... Mahuman..... nunnredbvthc
me
Th. wu.

umsxc
hmm nr mg.. apr......e ...m .... abm:
...
Fumarnal
M. parallel am...mm....becm... .um... me.
Km:. MI
gnu ohh: m ... uma AH arme vnnuw, .u um.. dm
(hcxmrk ma; ..... guinl unpmumnnn rim .. ...,.... h...-...m
..
1.
.. cr muchzd h, Mum ....
..... ......gw . 'mon: o. . uma
cmbmrcx,
1.
.. .....
m) gm y.... .... whah n.....be. mp. ...d ..
r...
'n..
breu
...A .. cmhnu,
xmmm m...... ... d.. (hc ...... m......
n....
Th:
about
..r.|..;
.....
...-.., adm....
w...
musu, bu:
...m.
the n:cv
..
Ihc
me
... m.... "facu... &, m. muw
m...... n... g...,
1..
h...
mnyur
mm ... a.. .... ..e (hcc' ..
my du...).
mm
must llave lhe mu.... m .... Found uma...,
.ppemucc ofusmg
r...... xluinga, ...d .. m.... |.... funks. .. ...... luuk cnn .... c._
|H: nuke; um s...-.... , .. h...n*: d..... .... wc Yuu n...-ld... ...
.m. ...m the sun): .....1 s...... n...-.- ..m... n.... rrydcvclup .

mm.. mm m.... n...-.- rhc m......

ur. ...... .
.|... ihr > (...|. m...-k hu: mr: .. wuuld
1
..... be black bem..: was. .. wuuid ..... ex: be bLuk bmuw ..e-...
1.
,...... n...... (...m ... suxuczhing inuimlc, ... 'gwmm, M......
......g ... u.. my .. .... p... W...Pm. semana, a.: srruuun.
.....1
.czlisc. | me m:
n... ......n. .... md .. ..
um . .c
...um. ...e mm;. [mm ......L........x ...... ." om Ihc mm mn] k'.
...m m....
dnn'r xmlmr: ..,
..... mlmlued t... .: Sumclimcnl
he.. hlucs. :nxcnm: W..."..l. ur .. ...4 m ...umm h. I'vu
med (o .. ..mm. .... . .... ..n. ... .... "...ncem... kiudlal'
(queimouus ...um... ,lmplwuy . . Wlw .... uma.. Iluppunud
...m n.. uumr . u.- s....._ n.. me.... mu du nue uny und when
n... humm!- lr. Ml mw.

.! gnh)

um f
%%th
wlu
J- mm"|wa
mihi.

'

'.

...E

.m
.... nfwnungL....m.:: thought

..
.

..,.
mi......

,...,.
..

manual: um. mk
m

sumblack
"um
and
bem

"

culmm whlcll the]! mullml habla

'

um em summcd up nha rnnwmgqucs

u1ncdly Abou" .xmw: pmmm md mmm mk; which, though
L.

may be

zh: pmge

duphccmcnl, lu:
ufummuuin:lt|on andculzuml e mangue This quad

ann: ur m um

mmug. mmm

ru

xc
pm:
mmm
zh:
unity md mama.-ame (rum: black

bmk pamculir

&

rcpmductlon Tha: pmbknv .m Cspczmllv .wum

[me bm. umblcw appeal (a me
"
mmm m ground me cm ukuml npimumxs

u;

uma:

new

&]

nt|L

hmm
&

black um.

nfpsnhumal

omg" mmm. WI

xc
:p m,
lmve
dnggrdlv monoculnusl, n..iunll, .unl cd"
bm,
resumm'
mon Tm;
xmpox'm hes modern black :ulmnl himxxy na
m enmc
zmnsmnonal mumu-, um. bmughz the bla Atlantic wurld inn) hcl
um [hmmm Auwlayed md now nmcuhte in mind rum mm .: |

gm body urwrk which

!da'-u,
lluuuurlc :MIhlIlli.
lu

and

na
www:-1 .mnmmm

.
hmnry .

||| thc mun

duccd
numnhmml w: him mm;nm..
pr
m 'dumimle us ppuly mmm.

nnJand pmnfcmxmmrLl
"ksa-Ad gemt a ncwmnlyni urlhmin
cukur
, begun u, glow.
it
ixm
md
mem-um
me nam: "mudm
"gal" suggests m. um.
h! k pammlmw many znd hxstunnllycnnsu'unzd, um plumlln' ||
u
become huxupnblr, (hc puniu: fam' un 'mg 'nAmu' ur mhlc ,
m Enuktmpunry huck mmm ., ntlcrly
"mm's, ur pulilml agen
[ui
a thc rulmml
The zucmpr m
mmm.
bl.
dcd
[hal ungiu mnnen me dpnwd
knhhc ucwuurld

huhchctol'meronsp

mm

xboth
andam
Th: Alen-mm: pt
:x

**

nnn gkmmd aut m Vlw Ih: rmumm :)upm :)

unhuduxy mm Ngm |1mmiuurt m
11ka m

um] a um pnnbltm ..r [lu-ari ng hhck tdcfmw ; nigga!

mmm'xe

unghmg mesmmmmnd dinnnm rcspunsr rclic) aucmly uu ch: cont-:p! ur um.

um Amr-nm u ulll humm-m:
CAHIHIEIJ
'
&!
'I'hl
dunga:
humm gum
wild.
ml m

lu hrcuuluu un nh:

pau

'

...muax
;

uupomofmmlnmmmpbg
Bfldvmdul m: pulluml pmlnul' A.
.

&
4

st

mmm mm;

und-manuel Indl t be &!"le

Huwsv "Hm Fux-Mam"

[em ofglnhal ;ummlu '.mons Commun-d lw

h:cnunn nf huck (Imre
espcually AmpBrum

mmm,

cmnnu m mm cnmuummu, rhun u- mmm ginga |||: mm pruma.

m which wu udimenxed m vamu by me ludlm
pulmml ran-ul, . placement. um! ex
nfccunmm:
cxplmunuu,
premir
nc. rms mmm hnwmgc gmdnmlly m....- .m [mpmunr flr in um
mg me Hummm nfdixmx: ;mkrs w 4 u,! ..: "um um mgm-,
mlmmcnml in qududng n mumumuu orzumm mumu um
k
rhn nnhbcmu, um
"pw; andam (bril: Lunmuons upussibllm m

Umm um, md cv Mura um, also xndchbly nun-k by me "um

mumnnm m wind, u grs .md mnum'd,
(o apprrdul: mm this type nrpmm lu; no: um, (mr
n

em
ms::dcuuMFermbbcmAnte! lummcnnngrhrlru Mm

><

Qincd

vcdrhemund. m..
n.mm:anvuvnK-Asmnseulcnhmk.er
num= nim: (umha.. ma me Euu! .md hip hop Ryl nr hm, Aninha,
Iasrcchnlquexhkc mlng cnxc "na sumpHugaxmn nm.:w
lm'ennnn n' a um mde mf cultural pra-int , Mrh m .um , ..
mich. n.: pnpulznn nAygche Indian und muy
m um mm.b. mmc and lmguzgc 'uh reggae mm .md'laggzmuf'n
'.ryle umd deum bau: rh: :urhenuuu' 0!
nrsr hvhrid uxlnxml innm m
mismntx m Ennn
.m ....pmmemcd pum, 'llxc upcncnic of
pmvndt funhcn lmplcvnfzump
un.-nl
auge .uxd mm:.xy,
wmcn sdf-mmcunl 'symhcn
:an ctm suppn som: :qmlly nmd
poh .yx idcnril <. Th: Emmy.-l and palma] histunes "fem-.um. hmmm.
Barbads. Gmuda, Tnnuhd, and $: Lum, um the ewnumk foxccv ."
gcncmtingxhcir Spank: nngmnuusm Eur- mm mm dn
wur
Em. m. me pw :, m ..an amam.. their mam mtu ..
sun
amglc bhckT-nus Luluucculd nncrha b. 1 gunnmzenlbythu emu.
em uma. Thm zh: ml: nf (cn-ml "um, uma blackm',
Amm . mmcu: mm bhck Amma, me-nc impunmx m me Mwm
"nntiuml" gmnpk
um m mmm-uv. mm: +.th dmwzhcgc .m
lugar)-m um .! new pntlcm mu . nur crhnkalh' mark 1 m the Way
um the" Caribben mmm mncmnm md bm, nu... :: suppmmlly
pwudcs mm cx.!mpl: hm o...-c iu u "
,um: um mmm
.
(n;-ly mun-am. ;. Lcnsml.
.um
mmm ungms m xlmhm
hlun ch

www mem

(mm"

uma (o ngm m clumclx emm hmnhul humm .m[emm um eu um. !cgumn , hum rm... n: glnlml smm .qu rm...
'mmed
culmm
ir expre mu nr 11.4! might be
. mn : .mhbmn
em!
Tlu me, mm. ml "mm .uuhumy ohh:
:|qu- mmemem und

.x

"

mm

rum- ml

."-um Huywwmlmuned[humm-Ar

van

nic-mix dhenum whhh

'

&bonne-1 fnmu md
m-unum- or

mpmlugworkh bmm: ldendnld

l'alk hlslnricllm autumn-x;

nuno: onu recovery by Ll!.

ufdvllludnn
umuny ml vendar Mhtlugs

mal

lh: mumu-ue munmp'h

nvlwl (um. armmununm.

ric

uf cul

'ri'v
,

li
um mau na y
mli . mtuu Hummm. ufrhll l
rriul

ow.
nr: uv:
mng [mm .|.; "hmm
uy mlnded black American nfl-IMI
Lv,"
Cambe.
Lumar
zh
; cnmmcr
hmme the rum ufmuugyny
cpi',
mm:
'Ilus
um
.,
:
mm.

uma m mmnnn

.;th

pum

.um me

dimin annrncvs wu: Im

Ihc u sum m. .m mpouunp

und cukurd
Wu amlcmi:
puhu: Inten'muvn
me
si.....ty
mmm!
beyond
wcnz
cu -, chry [nuls &.sz
fu
um
Ingllmg
uma
m
0vawa particular hip Imp pmducr,
mmc mm
mlbucknllmnl
dmncnvclv
.
mmm-mun
m: Crsxx mmm
mm's.
"&ng
une
by
nuns whuh npmmi punculu mimi miss kr:me mu gifh' ma
[um-(ic pm. Rm.,
yuymrmcmnu bcau, hmum's
me .mmcum- '00'

hm
um) diilemtpnpcu ou
nrmc cghdc,

In xmpnnmc: m

-: rh.
n me
bv mm Am
A

wu 1

ir

best
m

em

.um
.

,.

u,

[md
1 L:

mu uurpur.

Tlm [me

.nJ Auf: .; prublgm

Rima

Lu: Cm

palma-| compl. crm

Some pcvph:
r

'El

mmm ofmnutufe'
er .um um |. uuNI.
with

'

np |< um 5.5; hamsmnd

um prohlzm Mau,
1
up
1
un . um say nuam mix
Whm make my um,
Camhun
mm:
[|.-.um
1
h.-n
mm
a; nu , sem om: menW.
.m dus about hhck mmm, "nm:
hc
nem 1 quemJn md uma mmHe . mym' um
und: even bndv un nu- uy zip lnuk kim da?
duslsnwuxkurc."1|m , um uma ;: m.
msm dunk
x

u";

lh: rllldunlhlp arma na clan um.

hlsnrrkingxlmlnpnlngislsfnnhc

and other mihrpcrfnrmur have been

m rim-unam

muring. anna nn 1. r w
aruucuncemrd um Ihc wma:

::vath

me nml mm
wmers n decisixeh V:. ms me poslium em ;msl.
....e ,; qu'cly
,.,
m=nmlnr,:nd (hu mmnmnar, m- A um. Mm mom gm
Mm puyvuhr
ur )nunmhsnc mmmcnmry rm
me ( um .A mim'
mummAmrrvmmdcvelnynetlw wpuliuc mmm: Jpahlcnulm
mexheu:qunnynuthmki lnnwmihly

.;de

gnnhmgl Ln'c me mmmnk

mnrrcnmptumgmdcerm erecnngmtmcp rs.
lumnnzmggtsungduIlm: mus msmam,muugogyurmmg.
slumghrmux'l'cmllcn, L;
mh, pohnixl . ' [ un R1L51,rhcl'<mr
muurrqmul
hc ummmwmuy
A.
mm da:
hm, m x m.. umum "um...
. m- 'ulw. n hn. lhe (ilwun
nlrl'nllv uhulunl nm...m

um um me runucm

iunlcy hnvdmimlukgitmuscmdwamnha;ihownrcv
Lu]
mxm nuunthespmflcczlumhubligazinn:mlpnl
mm a.
uma
Lm aug du que
which nmsnullc me umquc burdgn um blm mm
:()Hudt m thc Irulc rh. Nuk
tion "r mimgym um; (ar , moment, u,
m: UI M..-um
mm pum, um
'.euucuhr .,
.w

pmmg

,u;

lgg,

Bb

um: me mm nmlunnl mmmunmmd'mmlmum

<ul-(iu m ms
ln
fhm um sum. m, sign nt'leug. um me depcnuncu nl'hllclu
m; nanny begun tu
Hmm nn black mmm; ma...-cd m um ncwmdd
; and
sum
ol
" SAMI, Mn z..Mm.
uma, 'um cuu'cnz popumd In/nc
[hu
mllcrs
Cneu Wheeler. Mum um me wm nm,|Lm. m
IS: h
k
mmm
United Sums connms (lm during the cighm
.md
rnpmdncc
um
ov
hmm,
hcl
m a,
sed zu sunply mumc
uem"

mh

W.,
,

had been Lminglybnrroxx'cd,x<specrlill1y um, nr hmzmly mh-

mmm

,. m

em

um
has fragmcnmd and then

sellimncwdon lm scpnmwd mm us mn
acuon
umfvmg nono" em" open blu-kun u...
o. (onsmumz elcmcvm. Thc
nr
bccu mgch mmm :lml mplaccd by mm: parnculnnmc mmcpunns
Ih constructed undo" ofm
...um. dlffmcnfc. Tlux (em... (mm a poli
&
nal mmm- hu lmnaml compcmaimy mmm- amam.ay nhmc m
uppl 5.15 mx
mm aml'ldcndu.1ndccd.thc um ohuhum'r mmm;
Ibn o cnmfuu in ; cmauun where the Wry hummm m mm.-pe.
' cunsmndvumicnmncd,
Lultuml mn.
These palma! md Dumont-Il shnrs m rcgislclcd m (hc
Amwd
mm
The
f religious hmdnmcnmlmn among mmc
populanunsismlclwmnsslgnofrhcxrsxgm
mmmmy.
mm.n:
Mm" emm
,. nuh: pcm
m processus mz work in me
ncqulmd pn
lm
fm whom an equivalent num! mm pum mm...
.]
nmmczd generation-nl karma. Thc' dame mdmr mcnmm m m'
paruculantv is not domlumd by the lnngmg m mmm m thc Vianna"
Cullum] Mc. Huwnvcr. m cnnyuumuu
certamn and unu ni emmem
mm ml pmulrcwnu um" : mmm Impunn mm.:hu yumlng
Il'lzy wmv
Vm . w mm um" smlm m (um n. me lundl In which
vhc
hm Ammm um Liu-muy. _
um: .um w mmm lu. nhlevnl
.. ww mumu hum "|
up um. |... num-l WMI!

mm

um

mw";

th m'

|qu
Melim-num um:
mpl uma
--

hlp

Tr"

'

<ul

the ccmm, mmm ngn ofthcir Commun

mm::
More mccuzlv, though, na; &. gde mm .
oxdmmumc mwur

*...

Hummm-nr mlnded
& wdn-nd x;.
um: um lmnlvu mnm uihlphofm "'
menu rh: mhur. 'm- pollual (hmm um hwithin hlp xm
nucllym .
um":
mm;
hmm
[IIC
k nlluniymlnn und nwcr
mllrlw: Impnnlm
rh:
,un
me uma, |M nfllnbmllnl me uymbum
mu
adm. 'l'hm nucunry mu.
. nn
mmm . ..4
lhouzh mmm bc mentiram,-Ambu,
m
Alm
mmm. dl . ,
| I'ur urna-m puxpmel 1. um m

imo
dr.-hum!
m
Arm... Canhbanmrmim dcszmt,tlxc1r mmmumhw xm um"
u,

bom Mandy naum! by

by

1: lrmgmphynhhc am.
|ackcd meblackselswhcrc,C
mm
.o [tur the dvnamm uhllspusal
w bc
por: uccds
rir
Mollgude (hc nnfmcsccn dgmun
local autonomy
un bz shmvu
mlcnw
mrrivnlt
m
:md
m,
um.
um
(um m.-h11um uu- um mumcyt
culmral possiblhnn
ami
poliu
neu
gnumural
na; sh
Ax
uusm h.
(emm pmms dw'mg me :ch pm,
nubuknz ecommic. id::ylogcak and polmul [arcu dm have mmm .
people (hcy cppmxszd bv concentrarmg mm cultural dm;
m upon &thesingle
powcrl'ul mnagummn Whether mm cupu- were ul

mnpm/
mma

mmm
Mwmlnmuam.mm

pmlblnuum'amumpn

Mind AM:-ally mmm-m

mumu-xy erp-Whom mul-

'lhlu nl'xmlulnn

draw. Ih! Meu nl'n (Impor.

ham nmihr ml ama-em wild: uy du.
m
Mim" mnthrrlnnd um
[nm-dam

mum. nu

mmm

em

uu

:ondilionlln ,, '?
mammmmel
. nr.. plca urmmk mmm-a, 'nm: complulnu; '

lllml'uudemmdulhrlmlrupnn'nmbl .

,,

[hmm-lu lil-=|: mmm,

m. apcwlnllymumwlnldnn.
bum nu (mun-[hum llmcruru Muln'lllulll uw

me

uma

lan; mu.

''

Jubllu Blum und thc 'Mnlnnlmtlc Ral!

um ngm-um mnlur ny umny

Illumm
humm-|| lnmum In which mn

4,-

multi;

autom
.
.

..

dub-ulnwhmmmn

'

.mumwwmammnm
lu

'

W.
a,,
"delmmnfu'
nn
um lmbldhlw
any mwwwm tmn/hm. mmm-man

'

mun

"'

..,fl

',

mi
i
' ,.,
.
ii. :lunlw
, "ii"
fmctmuuuml
.anul!" '.i
?. Wii
: ii"
imc ui
Chapter 1. In mlicr le'emm wyl. mun mph! musa:
pu
wniiin me hlwk Allanilc wand, main;
|:
ipi ;i poslmm ..i Bmmn
which m 'nmnwdklu um plxcmirmangular
oi
the
sxmnuk
pu

shlppcd [0

n?/*

..

mi fm mas: um ocean.

luluilce
Th: iim nim in the um lw (hn hsk uiiiwniiy

Engiand.1nina,wii=s,zmiSwziindiii m em immimdgnligphi ,
mmpic prranzg: oi'mc Em animal." nie viii sim" lim: pm
l'hC rim
gmup lu puma
mim hlxlnnml mponnc beem thy imc
e
ofhiuck
ruim
um
public
ml
pltfunu,
aiming
:" Miu
Mimi;"* un
Ihc
dmimw:
me
ofrhis
(hou
p.um
In
(ulliue
nery
w: mn .um.
ph'u
which
mc
uimum
eira-miau,
m.me".
ou
miis oi'mismmmi
relied, precede Ih: (()IISUMIHH rc-.linhas
lik:
Amcentm
mp
nomcm
ml imuh cultures md submimrcs um me wswiuqs im.
can b: mimi "gli: mk lll :h[ bchcw dia. nim Cami iory
mais
beginning; of Duck music; enm imo [ht publ' domain ur Luc-Illutecurh-cnuuw mm cn::(mmmcnl The worldwide Lui/ch "mic sk luuxaiiipie url

And

h: limily

u.

'The

Kings" (emphzxs mixed) i

me rola oriuum mui song aim [lw Jhlvllllm ' nuuveiimu [; iii addinnnnl aii-i Wllaliv vime known rami which mun h.): prurllwlvd nnml nr
me lubiim' cvtumn] iuupm," 'nic chair, sem l'arlh inm thc warm wilh
mim um pinnuy equmd um: pumilmfmtumumlf um um
iiwiii rxrrlimiu' i.. nim uuiuirii pi- lllllmlu'l. uiiimiy iiriiuleii iu win

thl!

mam
um
nigga

' having

'

'.li

=:ubunlumMi

nu.

Lhe

cork-A

Slugr:
un
Hc um uimcd [htm mm me

ml

4-

mpauy f
. , (ha:i um fam

Khz:

pmmg: was ])mdicmblv doggcd bi commimicx over

im value nf rhur work whm quimica tu me emm ofthc w i:
lusiml" pufmmcrs The hsk ou,: 1150 (ii.-minima the amhlmicucc
,
oi black audmnfcs mui: or unmy zhniu s mu,. :=
- :mbani
anz
cnmhuoncd by me Imcil amis:
i d mim bring impimd m mdicnccs

?
'

uma

adiou; mppm ng nm, L'mlcixlindibly,

fenrful nrhnw
unique "mimi mhurv anil
wcm
uti-Ilma!
ui bc Elliugtd by being ruim (0 miiipm nu ih: uw

lim Croii,andt|1ek
' ;ip CQOILpwzedvc
oflhgir
llur

IIHIM

agnlnxt m: .iimmi

iqmcimiiuiu ofblncimu.

iiirwiiiic ..an
srmisy's yanmmimc mmm,
cd ii hun
Singms'
ip..
mim
: iii

unam
um
,., Liimpc, bniulliAlea.ind =|.-

uii

k mlm I'mr muum

Muy

ym im um um; lumb '

"IC changed cuimmi .iml idculugh'nl clrwml
WHY!!! da In the
umik nhlv: English
m um
ii uppmlrmn m mimircby, which wu humlnlm.

In pupulilrmliunzhwllix!im:,lheplsmmr

'

[hc mm" (hr

mcur "ruim cn::nmumcnu siim couid nur undmmui
miaymg xo momughli .is aimw um"; did nim sinipk mm.mu

imu

(dur ii.
iiy um;
culomd
::

'

&!
minnuun, whi'i<,r

"

im

un?

um:-amin ..
art-wdn; www
:Lr

41

bike Smm mim a Imlcrknwu im mmm Imponml

AIHthe dlmculnes um. fran-i me um pmim mmm me mmm m'
cm-Ammmn folk rom., um me :mcrgcnl papilar iii-ni vmlmuln ur
[hc oi'crdcveloped countries. A: im uma, [hc im; nl (hc Juiuice "um
Complicated
plominuu: nim .ipiiiimy iii mlnm
m im further
VCS!
parkimunin bv Ihc gmup we; had.
slmlsy nm im'icw mii cur
lin:d
Ncgm Mimrmisy in CHAIWHNUVCI Cligmus ' cu' :. wlulc m.
ullwr mm much uma [m (hu thls band nr Negro inimimls th'c. lu
fu.-i, "gemlmc ncgmus
Doug Saron" quim mmc. tcmcmpnmrf
Amcnmu review um conferi by mi- group: [hose hu , .- .inlv hem
[hc bum: mrk Clllulule ()fncgm minxlnisy |W im! the mim-n mupmblmm
in
imp-mw ur
ccplmn ufwhat i: miiy iss sim. dr
msi die
mum
WM more
iam
iiibiiu
From
me
the
Eumpm aumentam-id minis
whn
iyiiilmnim
ihusc
EVEN
aiming
of im efa puzzle tu me crina, ami
illifcl'clkt
imie
ufopinmn : w lh: anl-lw
with theirmisxmn there
nn

'i'

Ipplll

pruiucied um mlmimi-n .!"de nim mmm md

. iu Ihc ...m; m mike [hm mm:-| perfwl'luM
[humm-1
; um:. Th! Ellmrhid um (U
mui-y....
hgy pmdmd
ruiuialma
m
|:le
uma,
||
um Blum
mmm llcrfumllnlmi.W'WVMM
.:um: num their
mmao cupim mm imwecn

mw

'

immun-1:

uni! tlm-a puhhutkml included

'

lu anim-numa unluu

.
uumulopm

HEW'MIISWIIII mmmdmam

MWDMMM

linho/It

&

'

Ti
'.

"N.. Mum Am.-don Block MME.

I...!
bem .n-mlmlwmm
Mr. ...... M..
kuluuuc m.. thelrumnu
chumm
muay; mr ...,...mu, u.....gu .|.: |. .... of .|.: ..... perlbrmlncll
VIIIIIME
audrnccx
Hmh
Working
Lm
em:.
|.:
...
m...:
enormous
w bclzagucmd contemporary ...um... w...... .. ...um... ... na pm:.
...e
denn ...a ...
uus ...... nppnrem "um, Ir .. clnr
...m...
mp.
sk lvlim
IIHK m (har liberal pmrom the musi md Song nf [ht
mg:"
whxlc
mdcmprinn
God
smi
me
lo
...
emm an Dppunmuly m (a. (um.
ie.-xing.
....Lhmr
nnmnahcd
pcrfmmamn
memory an...... mcmucd ..
m......
ofmnral Muludc .]... Iluv-:d rm... .... cummmucm ... pn
cmlvlcmnriv:
y......
ro. M..... zllumagtry
me.
adam... m.... a.....-L.:....
In...- ((num
.hnwu
(o
The
nuls:
em
mmc singm'
emmnpnuon
Calcd what Du Boys :Mlzd zh: amcularc m:sagt of (hr alan lu Itu:
World" ...... Bdnsh cukulr nndsoncw ...um. dis mcmnd .|. ,,..- ..
po..., The xpintuah cnfmncd me pamcnn ...m] m.. ...x "rs.....mhury
...a Glndnone b... nho introduced . .ch : mm... mm.... ...... .|..- |....
ohh: um. axam who, .. Would appear. beg... .o cn:.uc ...m! (hum ..r

'

Win-Jp

(har mm

pony .|.. meu dlmmrhde p

..
.Aii-still.
Bu: :l

um

<.... .............<...,.
meanmg ohh m...m.... nfblack mg.-.a
m
pc.-mx ... me Unum smc; also remain ... hc rx
Rummmcnon
ahh:

....

dmw .... mpl-unlimum complcmcnt ..... mend murk

mm. "much.... m.....g .]... em" ..... ...ou... m .... f... mmm .|.. ....4;

mm

Vkurcd 1.

Argument 1 w... m umphasm' lmc mm people smgmg <!va song)

mms mmnuuuml w: ncw public stan-(ari. ouumemlcm- for hhuk mlr
...... a..... ' ... '. mu...... ... (hrs: .... ...!-..... rn... W... ......
km.-.] pru xcly (Waugh um. msm..: fm... .|..- mcm coda ..." ...... (Is)The yu
Smm" yuumev um DAmcum w. .. cm .. mg. ... um...
zl... pnuiblc.
&
wl .|...
gen ...... lhcu
um arme nm....
it
made
conxidznng
because
wonh
. gm. lmpmmnn nn m...... ge....
mu...... analysts und Hummm. n.. nn, wlm . .
......
aludent :( Fisk, dtvozd & chipre) m their acuwlm uv WJ! Mun ul'lilurb
UV
Fully. Hc dim/cmd :; wmbol with whxzh m rccuucllc the nhlwgmnul
Ihr:
me mlcmcd mmh with [how ufrhc black poor ....d pam... ...
My
ul'mulll:
place
:|
]ubxkcs
able
riu
univcmw
blnk
that dia
mu.
m (um
me
.Uhl song W: (hall ,de m Ihc :x! chapter llmr TTR Xml/xxi & kny luv. II
undcrplm all m.. mu...; .., ..... ... ...m...- .. ......xuc by .|.. my Du
Rn); ,;ch mm. "nuh . Ihc ...m A..... url|..ck mim...] aluc. mmm-tm
......
u...... ..... ...um... ...|. .. mu...... uhlmvr wuu

..

m ama......
f mk

Mun......

.a.

.|.... muunnmunn um modelm Thh wann.

um: .lean wlmeunw

md
mluu mmr cn m "um nl'lllu
muy [nv-rial. mu-hmm-11:11
.
mmglww mm.-m
N: Human wu ou: hlull
mu,
Shu
toa Muuu-ml th- navy
uma.

hummm

Mul

um

lm

:
-V

'

um crm"
MWM!
lui
.:th
.

'In.)

ln
&

lulu. Slw
millmglv
lh li: ln une ofhu deh Ind Ihml.
ancholugy Nzgm'

mmm

urlllud
da: mm. from
lu spl nflllr gangs up and dwn ml
gcnulllc
been
rm
plsk [ullle: smg<rs down [n me mmm, lime Im
)wirllunll llm
m.-c aulllcms. nl:
pmenmlou uNzgm mgs ,
Ncgmul lo bc sum, luu a: full
Sung arnund zh: um n
bm.
lm
al: highly :mcmlnld
ofmuslcuns mm um Ncglo congrcgnuom
changed They nem uw th: llcw
when (lw nm mm nld songs m
unlesxptlchnncc Sum: dallghmr
srylescngstl lhes: are umrluml
nlll Sung:
college and rcrums mm mm m'dlc
bcen
my.-

of sou

nino

lm

md: m face Mud,

50 m

spuk

nnglnatcd
mck slyk ufdclivcw
fol
m kung
Tlm Glee Club style lm 3:gone ml
.
(Quilt-ler:
quim
I!
and becomc so ami among mmm xu-lgcn um
xhc
world
singer m

aurhcrmc Buu uy again, am not (me conter!

lllcm
maker: img
Smglng [hl mgl is me &ng mng
m;; :Iuptcrls commm. whether Hur
1 should :mplusisc um a: e
l; Fisk
sangm l; nuuhc pnmm'y qm... ...
nghtcr Wrong Abouuhc
smn
[; hn sn'vngly wu
nm Assu: wludl mmm mc mm: mn hcl mmmm
nml
and mn nutheuucallv. gmumell
mal to dmw ; lin; around km .;modlum
whlch "um lhas: dlsriucliims
mlly black and to use music s the
Rldmd
cfc-lima. Humnn's sem um adversary md mmpcmm
]llhilcn Singers
by um
mn oflhc
WM yu mulhe! who hmm
(wing to make me Imp lmm
ln (hc erly mam, whm bum wnlcn em
lilm snipz, Melody Unum
lixcmlulc to Hollvamd. hc pmduced :
Hc explained Ih. rlwlm'h wl; based on Lhe slngm' wel; m Europe
...| adn-mumu; mm:.
aim ul mc hlm Mudd hc m llrpkz thc rumlmuc
:hc pul
Bducnnoml lmnu
wan built md
m whlch um Em Negr
:ccuhr, plsyrd lu um
md rol: Negro Folk songs, (algu...; md
bv me mugen W: "sul!
Wha F;]: that me lmpresxlon lm
mg ergJu,
their musl: as lucdiaring mc
md Amma,"
mm in Bump:
and me "mun
hmmm,; bcwmcn au ourmudcd ubelienisl palma
und progluxs (hnulgh mumu.
snugglcs cfcvshmx mmm dzcnshlv
give ma md Sr(lp (0 Ney.) &lngmg mlmr
H: fell um (he Iilm Would
nl'xhz Nag,"
mm kuncepudl
v

um zhls

opinion

al 0th:
by me Fisk Singcn
1

"

mmm

&

um

nl. Kllllluvlhlh

l-

lem mpmllwlm,mlllmllum mmm- "rule

l.. ,.
:::

,.y

'mngwhlclucveuxlmwmhlu.
nqunlng denlhllxe 'n.
brunlnelfiumnmugul' ,?!

Mayall

.uuimmp '
w,

'

death

nll emm Boston lb:

ll, ,,
hummm" '
naum
.
JA md
KW!
Rng
lll
(.'uu ml lhlp
ou
munclan
tr huck Amman
'
dan yl
l

L'

uhemnmlmuviuurum'f' . . mlHelldllx'slmpomnccln
muxlc hm incrcawd
lu;
rsta ;lf-Afnmn Ar.mumu;
_
me uu'
'

wluch p1v=d Ihc

fur
mmm mumph
w
bu!
mrhcr
d
number inmming

menu m 1970 n..

American surrrml

::an

Mu

Irmaflhepnhl Incldllnuhnpllmalul mpmcnmnmuf

unmulry. A xcunnctl, ,rilwmlpum mmm um! blucllldcmkan,

.wnsmmvenmdajzhecm-

..-

Amcnmn pchJn-ner lmuld

His blogmphcrs Agk'c m." rlu
bomm: fazer lm hl; uwxvlw

lmuvmwd

numWw

mmd

bimfly m

hu llu

'

.
.

'mnsllho provided [hmmm . -

why, Hmh mlfzing mljtvmhip m bluck
:le caused submnml problems wlm. h:
,
lmlcsmmlwndrummccdnuwlulc ur"bymml
ll,
ricllvlmwhumuld lmllalhnm Illinlmlcl nnprlnnlo
: ::?cdhmvrly Imc, lmp uma um lu.....l lhe mlmml .
n urclllcmlnulgngrwith .bll.w.ff,d,.w5$17'"m
um ldeisluarMurny qllulcsthc
-

l.

.v

"231

;":ng

mm
:
ohh: mon
nam the mmmmapum
.um huhu]: gmv
um
.um,
arme
some
ln uur sal-my,"
m H..; rmvclllng Mugen m mmm pmgc m Euupe nu
"rule
mm"
dm
eventually m hnulalld. 'I'heir pup
,. xegn'gmul
ml
mm bm mm mmmy

l.???

l-w

anlu

lllnl'an:
,
mnlubun ..?
nunka:
m
'"

,
,

me ml Enghh hllmgmum lan: lupmnzYuu Iman

lhlvcavcryhiulh meunlylypzd: 'I1uy mllyku .
E" full

md

fur (har klnd urlhln . Ev:

bw
bird nryAml
mn rhlnk mu lpldei hw:
,,
m um llmu
mu mryhmly M ralm'a.
muy hw: bem Inmnwluud In um
uma oww-w"*

um

um
.

,("
'

..ynm.4mmnmml
ulen
amuumwmfuumdm

mmm-mumia MWWJW

memmmmlpimm.
lmlc nnmduullhlimullmmlm um naun-um

ucgntiatkm ann md ,.
: .
'
b
..
em luca! (anni n- urwhn
mmplutlwnfm-nllv
cuimnl
"(Mack
lw-Wan.
or
unnen :lmmm
nuam-mm uummllmmv tu me palma
tlonxhlp tu um blue, .um
period
mu
:nlu on an during wnrk be
mma"
ml punest whvm had mum.
lm
,Imnou
The
[Ius
um : .um .u amnively mn
mma mmmdmcom &
luwd mim...

"

b!

bvio; mmm
umnmmnsm
SpnunUn' um
em,

mmm

modem or

hulmunnllyunmlllm

and um modem hu:

[mumu |.:

-qu

mmm
nhuthcmuw Which m applnpnazt m
um
Nelmn
(surge.
wmmodlmrnn
inumanunal pop
m;
ou & pasagcmm
Mum-Amen , uumi, mmhcx
rcspcckd mm:-mn md :uuc ,(
[
(1
expcllmg [hc muculiw gum-:
pmblcm m his amam: Hmdm
mmiml dimu mm] mm.;
From ms emma rccommlcnnn nf me mm
rm: From mmm
Hmdn 5 u.-n menmon mm mm mmm
m,
thoughtul ud (de mm!
puma,dcini=1 emnmhcmunmm m a
Hmdr'u's punml "snuhm m
bxogmph), um mh, hook

dcl'uununs

blzck cu!-!

sxdcx's manutuo

pm: (hc

um" Mm
gmlansz's inugc

m shapcd

nnlunkc . .n (me "(me

m.- Budsh (muy public.

um mmm

cum

n: (um:

'n
"1"...

(mmm

um . m

.um

...a lu
num
uumpnhmdlng
the
|:
Ilnunrnmlhunn |M

my wt which mu mm:

n. lymbolk' Amu-u"
.
.
mmm impumd .a-| uma. 'l1ml'o
nccumnly
lllow: .. m
m'
. numa. mun

'.

pmbmm w

Myuml

um
hlbuphm Mm,

pulmmrmmndlun uwwebbod MWM

um

-ll1l|clllull=.ll

Arm-nr;

Mu nflh: diurna

mm
lhnmgh

u I'mml." ...."qu um

'

|||
Km,.muun
.lxyumcmnlw
hunwhrueglnlmlllgui
he
nn cluuulmp ma llllpmlhh: nuam

,IJIw

uu' hm

thxnuh
nvmnupnmrr Example,

um "uma

>an

amm ..

ll'the
n.
um
um... ulmlcnly mulher. hw

;
mmm m .
amam.- ...a African um". me mw mural-'In
.thin
ummgh

"

pl, (um
mm:
(o Me dzcmuu m
mgy perverx: m'compalumcm
:h
band
.m Juma-k
publicam engaged muslc
cx.!mplc A

nw mm
holly
is
":|an
Authumcny no! se
Cmed mudou, :: is pn
mnmnnnn
mmm
dmspunc
tionzl,
.um- lm.
(hnlcnnulalcuuos; me Mack Mum Mmork
song
me um ..
;
[: 'luded hen: pmuwly bc me From
of
grnup
man
mm
um
mmm ugmclm um
hmm; nlfnnunvzl, and mlcpkw m
pnucucm
. pmhlcm by hw ww,
(cvnngi m
mm
-< - lw mAMr

1738. ! Muuu
mm mm: . anuuFlllM pnnmu
ulmple ln tlm |: um." Arm. Am

f.

Macknc
mwork .3 .m mmm
nunahs: his ambiuicnce mmm bom

..
mn
gypsy
mmm
nomnduc
deum
A
hh:
me

mvdunn ningur Daniel::

"

cuzwardh .uculnumd un
(luir yuuths &vnmug
(ukum m
mn.
as a bit "mdw Hmdm

ho hnmlv

Appmum'c, mmm
um mm
A&M and .(ggmg m..

Wurm

iludam wdn unmum. .

MMEmm
pmducsd m' "
Kon,
whu
. . Mutum
m
y mmm en mdw, mn ml mim Klm
Wllllum (n

ds; mrhcr m., m;: m um

mnunnupg pmuml
ml by m rulmml
bnunrful.
.unl
m
mw
"'lhc chdnx um,
brian-(nu.
: muy remukublc mm mans

mndnmmmmlblmmlh-

'

mun! ochndrix'

'

Dnnlmnhnpmulnm'hlt'l'mzlm'
num dudu Lm.
MM -mu

mim...-mm.: dn.ingunluAmd

...

mnnl
hgcn
s mun'
Am 'mu nur, (hc peu uma Hmdcrsnn,
huck
anorhu
num
-W

poxihmnts fur muumnnn

msxghru!
mm tuned m me London
New mk Tm
mh" (han
fm Hmdm simpb, bv ms bang
only .. Hmdcmmx .L
multipla nnicx m dus !mnunn com anos; um
Kirk but ms
:launnshlp mh

,.,
almuwp-uuupmmm
Mm

'

wnkr cunllcr um simply hum-cen pre-

"w

lu. hummm

mula

ufrns'nl

mumu um
md Lhu mun-mey onlupnnle
mm;-muy

...mnmlnnlu mdamclpuuunlnpollml, .. .
mhwd.nprudu:ed.mdumplllh lingua-

.
,

,!

w.

hmmmAum nlwmtnlm
pula: wlm nuke unam. 111:de

mmmu-mpumyuumnwm

'

'

''

'
'"'N'?

wwwwww'
..mmymlmmwm=
'Wlmmlummmnwmmmdm
-

?-1-

uhmwu um mluhr pum mumu-ml mn uma-mumu.-

'mmumnm. HI. Iene na .,.,

dm mma, ;; um mend m the .
houder ufwhlle lupnmuy eu
huck. um, w
mn .. mu planet, the um
relay
uynrelm ohh: hlnck mim:.
me Ati-man cmum;, um atm); me
'
The hmmm, .cdmpmc aumeunciry um mmm] mc "ng: nmednh
.1
in
spec um hc hlmul!
Iocauuns was "mv dcmuxuucmd
m

,,

CUnEnucd and placed m

global

'
,
,

'
&

'

simulmnmm

&

pnlarnpwmrinnbulwnu prnglt ami mmm hnnlw :nmrbmed

m
mm;- nl

mm
lumuquedmd hhlerlyuunmmlmm,'I'lwmnllhlhulwllnlhu

hmmm iu wlmlv .unhcmlcuv mm:.

,
'

.
dud, God
lm
poi-u lpeug mm

a,,&

wnum m hill

um"-1111831"

mn."

; In SIImany" unuvulduhln md
um
:
m
mgnnlnd by

&

um,

mmcrvauvel u mmm!

,,

'

,, wing ur Imngrhcmug, Th: :l'mm ur

'

'

mal llucgrky bu: nflhn cnpldly nfl:

wnnhy ohh: num:
m danyu
h
mlmnl :xprcmu " Lhe Maluhy ar
r, : mmphysiul mulum (hn! Mamma bli
_Mlh the mma Is : muud lllmlnumc Muir.

Hummm

(',.

no. me nccd : pmlml ,.

nr,"
.
lh: palm]
mennl m m..
.
nbuam Drnlhnh: magnum (,.. whlsh m, .
mmlou m dm uu & um no Iuvuruhn . ,.
muueu und uymmezry fmmdlcdhmunal DNI!-

mh.

"many

<

nu.-k mmm 'mlu au

among me

.,..w'

em

cmMim," ur
m
illcmmngplohfzmduu ofnylesand gemia wluch"ummmmuunrmu
Th: Fmgmcmzon

"

good mmm why mm enimm mnuy

m: dnplns'cmcnrnand ".|qu!

mson,

me answer?

(mu

m'. no

quano",

pmtccrinmxm, num thc uhucms contemporarv um". ul [hcw amu

has Shawn um mc ((m-u cmrelariun
mem, Cnc: gnu Nelson Georg:
mmm: um
belwccn me music o(blsck people and lhclr mndmnu. m .,
(hc
ycuplc, [hc mole mmm
mm um, wlm
um more W! pmgmxs
.;
15

jm,

,.

; ',

mama,?

all. ! wlu Iluv:

nftheil dusuncc (:uppuszd ar na... from : muay

paint of origin ln his bmxkqackcx cmummu ,. Ndmn Ganges m
mmm ufkbymm ml Elxm,5p1k= Len a well'kmmn cxpnnum ufmlmml

wu done m: un nu,

um Null" In mel-.The [null ana:

_phluplnrhnluldlhln. Dun'nw

because

&

'

'udanfmmngwuhmepuupw

Forum hm bem dlsmsml

mummmm uflhc same cxdlunl
vmhm
mnudmux and rhembor: mm,; m cultura] m um
pm |,
.a rliahl:

_.

mmmmnmmuamdmm
ral: n: |

um

,
Jil-?: fim?,

hmmun |: w..

um

M.,. |:

xml:

CXanqu
The problem ofcukund angu-15 md and-Amaury m which
sngmcmcc
as mas culture
pam has pcrxmed ind nssumcd m cnlum'ed
become : truly
m; acquucd new (((hnolnpul bas and black music |..
mlk.
gnual phznnuwnuu, n
ou gmamr pmpuruons is ungmal. mnl
ha
Mack ("kum han [sem identified :; menu:
or local :xpxemnus nf
while subvequcm hmmsphcrh
pusmvdy cultured I'm dm

&

,, .,

Ilma]
1111AMM. M

'

Musi: Cridsm and the Politics of Racial Authencity

: was

,?M
,

ww

nfmusx: :

. ,

mad: Dmuuon ms am Wurm me uma m Mand :!"me

(hc Afm'cnm: upcuannm ofhuuumenrc by comiding lh.uh=had|1nmi
im] ou Muuu, Nami. Quot
sala:: m hsrcnmg [o Mnmwn mmc um: m
Going an>" m npuiucd, Whtu w:
mg from Mmin Gaycs W'ha
obviously Lisxcncd mc mund ul' Dp
m pnsnu, we mm-md md
II:w
m
nl'Anczn cultura "rum em m
trou." Thu ,um me: orem,
'1
ha
mmcmmm m uma
bc
mmm; mmm m :bsmd. Iusglobal
wolds lu up the black
casual
dialogue were monxzmznlv usibl: md, as
&
Arianne Wandsape hk: flash nf Lightning on Summa] night, m um

;
me pnnupu xvmbol ofraual mumu

,um m

umin

,,

..,.,

um W, Im". "um." mumia

mau-em:. In ih:
mmm"
m.

um f, nl'dunum

"m n..

mad

m'PP'l'lmWw
orlmunlll'n

chat!-(minh
mumu mmm of

um

um

na

M.,, 1

mm

'.

woman-

.va wlmlm Ivmvwd rn uu " '(hu mmm. .r me hul m nuh"

Marini-hmm:

mmm. und me DMhlulKe ufGnd; mumu

lucchNike
family mImg, W umaviue magnum adnuhm arme Mun;
feeling,
;
inn as posslbh: 3.5 Ihc zmnulun nl'l'any kem-g. Iuml nc: u muy.lr
in
n ("anilhazu
Th: pnndplc ofumnnum s . "mumu mm as
amlmx

me

.; m mmm?!
Du uii pointed our lang ago

m- negaothedum
Anand' Bppenh
um

nun-(arca

me ue.
:

My

uugnly ol'dw
m mma, 'l'he muy i:

all huck
to
gro hnmf,' ma
should be nppmachcd um hi wlsc (hmmm

"Mp-bbwmw
WM
"W" um,
"' VIMM''EMYumphn
'

M Willy

'

_,

wmuld nppmzzh

% M
mmm
MW?
culnun.
mm

sand.

AS

u
muse a,
alm no matter hw nfshxmy
The mndcmuv um"
cul
(...medew m uanonun
fm mmm.
dcploymcnl
msnim
m
um
amam mmm uangm
|
mmmge)
[wllclhtr m mlwllumm deum or to mun mmm
foi
than
med
carlmr
sp:
sccmi more
vmemcm, The m .mhor um
gcugmphms
[h.-emu
blues
mnh mun. soundmgifzhey me, mdzcd
[Emily mmlmrmcnk ' (emphsls addul)
"AWM mlrrrxmmt UkllSidL' a

yumrubl

'

'

untlumhvudur
mccnrl),
pmmnu
uouhle
mom
ms pmnircn
mg me (nas but wmh hu nm mm
dcmsnda
md
mc
has no: ahmy Yann-l .: msy (o a:;ommndam
msmln the me
offenunums, mm emu-h src the [111le um. lhtv,-mnh
mcluhcu.
nplaylng n menoccnt Iole m zhcsubmdnmuon um
um.:
mh
uusente
em
mm
When
n)
med
"rms
um failed

penne" m

mm mu'cmuam
dlsunu forms uxbmkcunm
rlm Wen whom Al'n uvAmuicm
par pop-mmm n bgzu mpcnnuu
lhzy um ol'mu hmm
um; um hmmm-d .um se! to Work in new Incannm
Ihlh' "em
ewy
.mi
mmm nued m nuvcl panemx um do um mpeu
...-1
mumu
(fu...-m.mm
mmn' plupywln xlnlnh m me lwwulmru
muply mu
m.- ...pwmuy ...."qu mmm mmluumlm me) upur

rcss'mglv

:;de

&

Fr.

"n, Hmm.

Will

|W

I m'

':;3 1331333333?um
m':

"'-

'-

[W

'

'

nem-uy m um..., non-humm" Ind

lumn m

""WWpnurmuMuudu

ho,n

'
,

&

mm:.

'

., '

mu mmm
. mhla
mwhne ludltnna. Tlu anunciam.

Blz-mn

vxpmded pop
pmnce in me

um

11.5m.

th: mlnlinluhlp between Iullllndrjlll

y anrmded

By

em

mmm. "mima-mm

ngfggfgmgmfgmgwwmum):

"I'm

lmumnw 'l1nlnnwbe m.&; II

ew-' mmm Mm.
,
,,M.
"!
M mlmpomm W.
mdlilwvuvrhnnxw. '
,

xu-mmm d

WM

" "

'

"

um,

MWWMM'MWI
Ind mmm
mry
|W .

|le
WMMmiuda

'

,v

cd black

' um
mm logic m wk m
intima-nuncuclwuppea] uflelwlldlul
ennnupummclemem :humechmlm

uys hun-m'

W,-WW,)
Lznpplnsihm "raccmdczhniuwMuchmn.

mllv

wnxd'xrnwy?

., ,,

licm ur

ara complm
me. um. :o e.- agin mm ( hm
AF:
Amennulam panofshm ,Tncrmv
Sounding nmugle; m
[...md. dmmml,
:

N?

m'

,,,

mm A.,

MME

;,

%.,.

somethmgmnrzmanluerelyamesmzummmhxcmvdcxpdNnuuhlm

shoum be sccn s hlsmnml mu connngcnl. 'nuu

m uluc mhnnmmpsmnz
re im
Link between fmulv. cultural lcleugon. .: chnnehcrmcncu
claquzmly by Haumm A. Baker, ly, th: Lcsdmg Arnm
bm 'npmxxcd
.lnuly .
ck who has adunrcd rh: nopc ol m
Ilzemn
.
Am
Cullum!
pmduc
m'hlzck
whole
history
and
peuodls:
the
um. eu smmc
M.

'

"

mim

mo
mm

hmm mumu-mp em ,,,

uma m m :":me
dxuumnmorb nim-tc.
represented lu
,

Both
mmmpumy
,,,,mm
and bm courrhulc m smging a mnvemrinu hum" mm whn me me
(dlicllly and mpnnhlm
mm: the pumnry mm mul cxpkm .um m.: wlm wuuld1:1qu
dinpum
me
hmmm,
"nas. ; anni.
emm
me nslcnc: nf mx,- nuh umfymg, nrgnlui thnnmclmu, Wlumvcr 1h:
thc bauc rum, ur
,; smged, ;:
confmnmuon buwcen me,:
cxccpiumlm claim
01
mc: beuwen tendency focused by
vanuy

,,

um

mm

:umnopanon in Amca and elscwhcm.

The Brsaplmn wplcally idcnnksmuslc mm zmmnnn md cunml um
dlsguuc bv (lv: radial mmm un..
mmm; hs couscrvmgm .,
by
x|
Mixmauw poli
mma.- and us mmm: Concern mm mc rrlalmn
smp bcnwzu music and me nlcmory um: pm |, mmm, aunmlncch
E, ,m
mz popular slagan "n': a um
lu uumpnm mzcnnom mm
ix
mmldn't undenmnd Bux ap,, [o m,: no g.mmmumsm m, n,:
EnuM ,mkr
forbiddmg, many ptscnpmr mumia! genm; md sam um
been
m) contempoml) =qumlcul
(his bold asszmon pkunblc Thu: um
whi suppurlcd m- m |
to me Newtime, hzrmeuc pow ol dub
unlnmU amu,
Ethiopmmsm Mme xurtmiexoruhhc mlirnsinlalmmu
m'bebop in me lumcs Th: usually mvsucal Wncemmm" which mmm
uk black
m;,
pounnn pt , nu pmbkm in the iumml dlffcreutimnn
mluues.Anyiagmcnmtiun mmm, uurputol'M'nmnarhnmcum
nm.H uh:
h,um ,s only Jppavcnz mdm Khan ml and cannot [hm-imc
px. m m: undmlymg um! qeilhcu: and us polm mmm
Tlns cxchuomhsw pummn shm dm, und mmcmpl rm hm pnpu
aml
hmmm: th zh: Wuldbc pnszmodem pragmnmu m lnmnndv mir
um
madequzrtly
u. Somczhmg of m: ,pm, ,,r thc se.
um,
L'quully
black
Imm
hm
capmmd
sgenuzhst" perspczme .;
... m; mm
'anolkx."Thisnuuunalpluxemaculnrphmxc"DiHmenlsrmkzsfol mm
ralnsm .s rmsleddmg m msm,; .a" ,mcomammlz mmm, nr.-m. und
(um muxmihlc, 'lms wma
powcl' mzkts pohnul calculanxm hmmm
al
|: mm- no
zhr
Em
ax
u.U! wmhmm.
pasm refers pqnnmeb' m
de(unnnlcrinn N. mn wllc wmriug mn
wds . ,a, and mw, puwm'
.por-mu .lmnllmlln orhlack mumu,
ppm (me Gm
hmm] m' em...
|, mmplc. mnh/mc: tlu- wllhe um:
1Wmhingmu.lu'Mmlluuhpnnkhmul m: lllul um". M um h

'n

mm

hm mhurnl upmumu |. rlully nem". m .um

um wound

um Wnim

mm,

__

Www.

:,

muuunlbluck people wlw comum-ro

.,
, WWW! wlm |. um: m mm; Nasl ,. .,

quim lnltlmduulllud In um palma] Md, ,. ,

. [Inn In dumlmul humm-wma . ,. ,,-

salmwlylullherk ndlmII-m
mm:. [mn thelmwmnm puuun

,,,

K'

mmm,

..

blur... mn nr.-him pole (n lhlnum . .. . .

lly. Tn: nmlnlnn which
num both
bmh
dunhey
ronan lemmlon aruullln um!
,
perforuuuzc. mm. md Kultur lu l'hmur
.
nh
lhu baniu u the palin-men
m
themlm.
mumu George dnnnuncuhllckm . ..
.

mmm

Mum
which wnuld,

um

(usuallylhmlgh nahllwiyxufanannnalu "run-) unlannzhcrlmuczvuw04 [he

mim m mun
zdly pluralisn: muse whinh is acenam mmm
ofzukumlmlcgmrmn
makerhcnmnldynam
lvlackulltumlznloncIn
Ihc pmircr un. |
bull ng
synonymous w.. lhe pmmg nfnauml

MWMmm!
mm,

lulu:

nr guem column Lam.. w

mr
lmadly
mlncul Mltluel yu
Mmc!

..

|
lu hi. hmr, ann emu-muy m hl: mph-null;

, xm

,]

emphmm um
um though |:
mumu-gm: Iunllccmll lumlnm

4.4,

m,, um lel
lu- lxcnmo nham-:|:

mjm
m,,
,

[,,,Iv

um

m crlxlul
mmpluhyul'l)lnuh
fund:

lu

'"

,l,

,.

'

.meme
mm: m
mmmy rh: genoma" unha.. um
beumbh .
m, .,, brummmlunu.1unchlnlm
dama mm |||
um, ..
.

fur-uma...; nu |qu um um

lu mm Ihrmn. Warung 1
mkle

. .,

'

ll

mk armam" ru

'

'

:nmpmlwml-uuw

uuelu 1h: unprublnmnm mmmlnn nn

ludmwhmhmdlmmwmwm ,. .,

mw,
lehldllnm
'l'bhlu-nlm-mmmW
hmmommww,
.,
m;
.
'W
%
oh- muumm-:WWMW
ufwmnum m:
.,

,,,

,A,

&,

,,

'

&

lw

"Nm Wnim-.

WW"

'

,,:r

um mmm
and the hrmdcr culrunl

dmluuuhh

mmk

..,.,t*,,,:

,.

WMIlundi

up::lnllylmpomne
ns prududmn, c 'mmixm. um comumpahmualcu
pnlnr
In III: uuhnppy
cpmmn tw
.n breaking the mcmn which mm
asqucamlsh. mmm mumu. .ud map-xm, runlllu plu,um
Hmmuy um] mula. 'nw
mmm uma. nuke, the mmm: world "manu
black
mmuumixiu um Muuu:
pmemmcnc: ufmuu um" the aumnur
ampola msm mpormnz element m um" nxcnnl uunuccxcdum, uul
um humm of bmmumg, diiplacmmn, lmml'orlunriun. md cum

nm
muxscnpuun a," the mumu culture eu.-|W, m Imng km

:lml Ihc"
should um bc (die/d In the primary symbh! of Ihc dmg-Kun
.md
mn-duna,
nuployed nx an alternamc to the lcmrrcnl W:;u offmw
mom-| whcxclvy ldculuy mn
Mum and us rituls can be used m mm
and ,:qu wmiu
be undnsmml nmhn as a Em csscncc um a; 3
17x
Whvm
and
ol
3ny
gent :nmmlcnnn m lw mmcnmd um um
and
pum
bohsrsmm language gamers. Black tdu-mm, i. um :qu ; snml
wluch
ml ::::gon' to be used or abandoned acionimg m um men; to
me lhcmnc nm suppom and lcglimiizs :: u persumvc m1;um:
:!
..,
pomful Whnn'cr me radical consuucnmustx mm my, ,, umAl a,
I
IS nl"
Though
expcnential
(ib
Sznxc
sable)
chei!
kerem um aim
m'
pnc-uu)
felt to be namnl and Xpunmneous, mmm; m: nuliom:
We can use Fnu
dzsu's.
humans.
sxg
um,uy uugmgc. gcsnlm, wu),
polluml mmm.
mum- ughllhl (Ummcnb m mumnum nus necesunly nmahscd
mv
ship, l'hcy polui tuWanh m aminmtl cssznunl m um iccs
A
from
v;
|ccnvny . the product "nue mmlpxmuus llmrsupposcdly
VtzA'KWHKCd (tmn,wnn nl"
[hc
soul]
as
mmkrn
it ' "Rather rlun wcmg [the
m.conclui: nh ccmm mm,,
would
pmm
, mnugy, unc nu- bodyu as! would
u.
wvung In my dm m.- soul u m
053 npuwm um
On the cmuy u cxim. " lux a realm/,
Illuslun, ur .,u (colegial m
u' mmuuinu
is punluccd pummcnzlv :mmnd, on. wuhm (hs: body by

mm

xemxedf'
or'muuml ptrlhl
Tlm: sig: mumu can bc wudmscd in the pmmg um
um, n,
um An...,mnu though dou nunofccurue, manopuliw
..
mumu
u: mumu, rhcv produce Ihc xmgum & 0, an mecha m "|!
deum
thcapccln
msn
cwuncc byamug ou muuuymmugl,
nr
fiutuu cmd recogmnun um a.: produced m Ihc mnmme iuu Mun
idcul,
uu
em :n
pufunuu and :mwd, Tlus mumu rclmuonslnp um m'
the munir md
unglnal
makm
when
(lu
(nmummcmvc mmm uvcn
by thc
zu
qm] limc
,.,
.,. um:
muuul :nnmmcrx :m' mu-,( ip:'n:
nl'lll

urpuumh,

menluwcn"hmm1Npukhmnm.uhhlu: _

,...,nu-

which

um.

_?

me mkmwmm

. chluMllclpllnc nml

mau
'
.=

nunc:

hu ,um um point

ummphcn armani-:|

'

l'ymbnllcbalnuct.

cmdu!

muanmarvld'ww

rmuucuul'zump-

u, Mulluuempcmry "um non-nm

whichlllemukmnkeum unha
n to weryduy

,,

" . pm.-nu

leluuc um modela]. mim |:

legumilcx,dllplncelorcuulrohlh

,,

',
Mnwuammmu

'

&

Iguau!-name manu bu - ,
eim/m' ,
pl
um,mexa
Vryo mma-m
sua?

,.

.,Wwf'
thghwnhr.

, (MMM) uu muquwl
mJeulmm'mewm'mmmp:
Manhumirim

.L'"

uma.

:tu

WW

,er

,,,,

., , ,

pmulcuf'

'

'I,

*BlnckWl'kl ofArtlnzhnAlo

[E

um

ml |.. Chupar tlm hu w.,

,. . .
u ruim um. "admins Mly Mud
'4
.mmudmmuly-ubnu dmloplmnu
, . m Hzx
amu-um. mumu to"
|

MWM.". "2.5.3"kd

'

,. ,.

-,

mm:

Wlpml! Inputmm

,-

dyunmln

1D

um: tem mumu

und-WMM
hu mu mumuWWW,

zzzWW
mw.h
--

w,

"'

m*.lhl

umhcmmd (bm. ur

h um
cru-:ly

.. ,.
. mu.........m...

o...... ...

m......

ar:...c... ...] uncmau'w hem...- .... ...um... (hd! cuutkpl

...m...y
...m
,...... ...eu: m...-..... ...... w...... .... <...... ...a...
Nam-helena
mm
... vulgnliaed f...... ... ...em .... prp... ...vou.
.I'by
.
.;
nulhmg sounds a. .. w.. .w... .o ..e,..1.......g. ...:
phzndyzorhz .mpnnis um......"
mignet ...um... mm....
...e ...m-ma k....wl
um. p..... w... w...... .... .. m......s. J.... as
...... m um .. pu...-...any
edge "f.... ...a n...... .....d (.. c... em....
Ihc Wash," ur
mixed to . inu'mu'd desunuon, ao can
... d .mmm .
.
.... ' ... ...: J'...m mu......
Fi-
nw'dv

.. Imunxhlp

bw/cc.. .mpmvmau'cn and the (1.1.1:ch emculauon ohmmcal

':; Trg
rm dm .;dc mudm; o. blark

dLil-Rmx".
5
lh
W
f the p.;zc by [hc lnmten:
"
f
umpmg ofrhe ...se a...... mg.... .)... .... .... s::nnd .... ro...... .....
Em... .... '...: producers ohh: record "nda...... ... pc....m po.. bv
...y.
,! ng .. nn um
.. ...... my...... ..... ...e ymmulm wind-. ... ...... ...m. dlnpcm ny...
..e. ou me procexofpclfomn useluplmycd .. .....mdk...y.....i..
'...... [umha rhamcm .....- . .. .. "...m ...e... "...:..ny .. .... pm....m
bcgllmpscdl [hcway ..... .... base unlmnfmmlumul
...m. umwinkh
...... .. r... r.. e.. ..... ...... luv: ..e... "...m...
m...-..,..." ..by
c..... ...mm.. ...: pracncc .... ....- pulmts ..... >.... um...... r......
.., in Ihc pmmg, icmmpluhcd w.... llaudrdlmd mr.... . .. (he p......gc

lt:

' '
xalcly me...
v

language eu..... never

Acouxtic ...a

M..... Gndl'lrhctl own run-cr Iexlulalinm _,

Imre-1
...elndy
..... p...yfu..y u...... ..... ... nncr dynmums,
;w.. mm....
.. ...;...
mxupllunu :...lwlllshca .. .. puncnmtcs ...e apparenl chaos
. the rhythm cm.-k. His ...m. ' p.....ecd um". ly
.o ano faca.. . humm
by
d.sc......ed
[nine-.
the and...... ...-...|. ofme ...eu. church,
...d
..:.
dennry" ...... p.o<...c.of... ...m- flucnzn m.;..c na... ... mwuon
. m...... ..... unuy ..... me... .... bc numca. lccnngl' ... the
-

'.hev

m uv bm

cumbuwd w.... ....umama, p.....m.

..e... mumu... ...m d.,o.ga...c....y

munds lypvmlly

n. sound Mme., ...um

um......

frzgmcnu ufspeczhorxmgmg, and

mccnlmgsflmlh

mp... imm .5::.....

m......

......

p.... ..
m......
..
.o... ..... .muummnlfwhnse opa.
Much tks ..... .:....cal Form .. .... .....
.nsubonlumtc

...m.
m...)... orhz
w...... Hume....
defmmon ms...... Th: nonrluwarappmarh
p......
um"...
pru. pl: o. cumpnm..m
cultural mu...... .efer; m as munugc .; .
rs..<......
a..
.s
Indeed
this.
.. m......g ... em... me
... .mug .o maiyw
((yrrcxpund. ... ... u......
suggcsunn ..... wma ...m" uf'nwnmge"
lnsmnca. cond....uu
Amted hip.: o. .uhsm, appropnac .. d.: Eure.:
dh-

nf durac .md
fon .: Bur ums: dunk, Implosivc Imbui mi
[hey
mlov
.. .......
sim.!iar sounds ...o... ..) mmc ...... ...: m.....q...
.
smbdlty ... hmm...... ..
im.... m...-.... .cconsmunou nrhc
...... upo .... S..... W... ..... .....u...
...
..
An
usthnm
m......
sm.
e...... .us "nw dulm'zmd mlu
...a. formerly scpamtrd ...: ...m...immpnsuun
....
nove. meaning ..,. me.. promulm- ......
smglc ...em .....mwv . w......
Ranma Izws' r em .nsrmmnunl
Independent fu.-..... <......
...-.=. Droduwdm nlow ch mu...; .... ...
mg
..
a nr
no(ahle ..... ...s..." ... ..... ..... .. .... pq......
Pm/. .... [word ..
genre
by.!linmwm'mofrllculd
...."mama.-Www... Sopencd up
audxblc
..
m:..lc
... "nim ..: name.-.
w...... demands ..... the p....
(I.-ai?, [, (limpr,.lnllu
plzver
mm. gu...
oflc um:, the car....
Upscncr'u [Hack
nylc dm. ...-uns ...e (mu....ykud dub um.:
:.nvbm...
m
number nl'numplu from

Ark Sludu a. ..s peak. Fl.: track cumbum htm

.:llnnln ul'xlu Average
:. (mmm... [lhe-J l'rulu ....
...
......www
.w..... mm
s................... um......
.. ...- .... .... .... v...-.. .... ..

om

chica .o m...

Th: work

new and m.....phmu m.... and ..... . .... ...a...m

anni.
oncfshould m... m deconsmmt ..; own traditional
..:
izy

aun,

...th

of.]...xyon, ... older m shlnc mam.-... i.. ...: P...:

...mum ufthc (unmmdlry. .. must m......hm ixmlfns m...... 0.3]ch
md become monstrouxy Ibmgnv a... (Ins Phragmmss .s no! ...c ....
quienng ......gmm ahh: mplvsycd ur M.:mml which, ..... ...m
doe; um shinc r...... ..; ba...; ha....m. o. o... chame secwuimpmsnv
5.0.1, .. g...... ...... vcnzablc udmuun a... comes from msn...:,

Which

'

TI.?

...a

pm...

luvmg euu-ded ..; .nwn fo.... ...a beco): p.... emm, pum
m...
From ..... persiaKm:, .... maglml ...om. Whenby Gmma .,.
.
lvc
.. :..-.gif,
...E m... nada....
fmm me bcLIy
f
mmc: m :..uiclpale. em. drmand, supplcmcnmn m...-. .qu .,. ....
hidden Sphere: o! publm pnluul .nruamon (hat want .linha. on up zh:

".:sz

-..d

um:

less

mymnnm

We do, however, nccd a..

cubana.! under?

nndmg n u.....mpuun" that cn .llummnc iu .nncr workingx and the

Immwhqu www.. mala... 6 ...n] .(1;Na:rmc..., .o. I.. and lLkvtmk
'. 'n..
M...... .|... ...... ...m. m...... ... ..... .........v............
:...-...-

..

lppumluw
|th mm:num
mon! cmp

w.!

pm

them by

m
.meu

gue

multi-dim

dam-= mhullnlrel
flv/dum am] bhm,'l1uwdtmnmll
urmusicuw pmdllcl wl eh

m:

lullw-y
um um mulmm

by

m: um

thnlr uwu

uma
ah new wp:
econcm' oppomlmlies, bunlm md urhcruumrcndcd cmhm|numu.'fh<
pmsiblc
mmm um: md in.-msm volume mm

b Ihc mxmdu

nn
sulwuktnnl m:uupaumg
msm)
powcrll
became
Munn
oram form.
'nnvardsv Uncc dubbmg, scmuhmg. md nmmg .mpuml dx ncw
clcmzuu in me d::(onsnunwe md consumiu: scheme um uma pm
reunm bag.." m lm ld:
du: cn md consumpnon mgethcl, nxelwvrvuh
d TL-rcm lnml me
a number oflerren:
uma song, ...ppomuy im'
mm mix,
.. .um mix,
mdw mix, m. 3 pm;.
cnnnn or pmpnm.
um
clcmcuuw
mm,
mm
must
a jan mix, a bmx ml)., and so on Ou
Iivmg,
..
muilw
plural (mms Mak: me nhmcxcomcpz nfachmgmg um:
A.
.s mupcr I'm
mah!) Record companies um Um arrangement hmm
them to go on plugin; around mm me &mm: old song um m mm mm
[ional malenal, bm mmm" (wmv: posslhuhncs nptn om fmm it. The

&

qu

Mam

bomm m

m' LL Com 1x mumu

um.
mcmmg The mem-mm ,...gl: mmc
Hw
Gu)"
mm.-_
n
the
Mum.
hn
Round
wy
um hop mmm
um
1933 Momwn
(hc 1.1 cul. hulk .uound simple from me Mm [an
,
cxteudznhnd
wvcml
remixes
nm
mm
pop wu! hu Ml ghr Lung, md
Samp]: l a.
and
Em
Fm med Ihc
um
nf
me
mp
mcmung
um
(ng
McCrac's Funky Scnmnnu 1 Ins funk)
me rhvtllmi: ngxuulle
an onbnm u. nw cul. mad lw n.:
mudmm soul mom rm. mx
who ungnurcd hm hp m make !- nks 1th
okdrxhool DJ's nd
ppm
nrchs'mmcd
bnrmvungs m eapzcwdh, nutcwonhy mu,e muy hzvu bccn
(xnulhcurg
em mgmfv Cm)!
mm mm.
m pumm um menus
r; dcnmon de
nl'. ulhcu
|W
um
m.
appeal
um
nan
em
m
"mm. mc mama mm
lvy
A
hand
m: Amrh:
mw
mznkurml byvennwhrnvl: m,
ou
ucm'
Ihc
:me pusunm
precomcmu. baum: il .an cunlbrm m
mmm
.md damn .! ou mc mlwr hy m: emu
npc(md
, in;zn quccn rmwhv'rvrdenulicd
arm
Industry
Much lui
mmm ul'fumiuim:
mnmmn
i, tu um
'
bc
.
mlucmlc
me ru lem.
1me hmc mmm: dnmmaul

em

oram

|: (A) m;. Imp hu hmm

m md , .,
clmclilly .xmulgn

um; und
[. ilunlcmr tlm when this hppen.
M nn

me

km mm" In Ihvuur nm.: m:. vr. mm "up,- p ,, ,,

y hmm: .r u lume nhnlrwlly umrkcd lw Arncmmmmn' "

leu (lu:

mim. Thru: [saiu em L em

a runner um;
nFQulnry hum, ww: pennm]
naninv: mmm uplln
bec-nm:
"mmm nl; apl. Por uma; mmm m ge
musfal [lulu]; m IML-um, m- xdcnulimrinu of black mu
mnxnmm au uupurlunt me mmmL, x. (dh nml melll

&

|:

vicmlynm the erung hu: :ch mmm uniu

mm
darem
,ynd
lylxuyhlmnglh.'l1m um pl'mmmvc Mack
Iupmcnz v, vcnnnaliscd m the
m ngm lku Iunu.
n.
me; me
u...]
cunxmum.
rn
mmm
.; ofpmn mA mll'erlul lm! .
em ngml'ln'nncc hmm m mmm
|W pmcd a ((upmywnixmllu .um
1.

'

the my nnhc
by

"..er

is

&me

m nullleudclry.
ll

by
Mammmp um: mmm m m mt chzngcd me prnllfuuuon ..r
um; mr
mmm m
Mem msm; wma. nn: is me angina]? How
um: xnsxon mmfmm (fk wav ||| lm-h subxqumt xcmons m mm ml
md umkcn down nm
understood" 111: componmzs ofnnc mn
xy
blcndcd - uem funhu pclmumlmm of
be mm eu

cum-me

no...

me kyng wugglc m mpwxmn Mack

uvam'ny, "mmm" und
1.7"ch
(uma
r, precmmun
m
muuc producer,
.a.
mmm.
m mumu-, urlnngcr nigrmr sk ,
summmc bzbnppcr, run-mm
Vzckwr Campagne, um!
clucrgem 'rv mgum. ' Lhe me
. cl Egum m n kung sequence
um dcsccnd: from &iaxcrv .qu Ihc my Npmxcnmmc humm (., mm uk. Dmlghss.
mb M.;,mffl
o a m
em u muypnnl in that he Im leccntl) bccn thelanc."
.
mm, Lismv
u Th: Many Lim "mmm
mmlucknvnl
and , (]D/Ihpc xmlud lm k m.: ngm x.. :|"
mm
Mu:
, un.-my, Up" celebram-x m; m. cndum
:, md cmmiury,'
ul, .. Hmm black parnnpunun m ou emermmmcm mdusrrv au
Ive-mem um Irma h.
or
mmm .., through : WW ' .;
Jana.h lin.um!
;(
dim: rw corporate code. me mmc

mh

'

um

k.

(mmm

mm..

Enllghmnumm, mn.JVIUL'uu why.-h

, bmcrmmmem.
,. umd m um "um mmulemnmuve ,...ch W yl .lrly cuummged
pum gmw :; iuvnimucuz w , [elcwslnn nx prudmcl nin): rm].
mmm Air" md n.: Jc: kamn Show." n.. : begmurllclwlh
Nlclbe urlm mw Ll1hckuu me mm:." Thu
m |||-1d: m nl'm:
manu wzomyuem :Imlc nrlanm uwn Mywy "nm poveny
knpnk suunrmwumuh
mm:. Nm vm. I'lrln. Slmkhulm MI

Much

li

...|... ......Bev/eu., .|...u

Blndlnnd:
....
......
of loscph uma. comum.
mck,
..
&!an
Om:
.. ...o
.....ld.

whole by

...m... :... mg....

spin: ah!-.e pm.:(r .. .

n-an .|..ShwlrnppnsllkLMclk
|), |. ,.... || Dazkly
Ma....
.|.
....
...a
pncmlum.
f......

wl...
msm.-nenmhsrs dnwn
Kane w.... ....gm :...1
Dans, ...... L..:|..."
Vughdn,
Saul.
Grams! Benson, szvaHespm,
|nsm|mcnul|||p||rwasnym||e<

W....
MWM mdw andam-.. .,
,, .. . ., o .|.. .|... "...|, ...m.
...wheel..huymvnhmbnpmuaowc...=mp......xc.m.....c
muccpnn... nr.... .u...==.|.|.y .|... ... |... mumu-|: .....| |... .....
Bly ...um na lh: ...ppoml mmo" which essenmhxm many o. do

cul (mmm on'rmm [hc wmld Wha: |....- |dcn....<. ..: nunc..
.. ...uma-......
q .:.-...me bm...n......umof.....uubmmn
fpoli .| ...;-..e. M...-|. smvc ... ...... .|....
Wi....
.|.... md um.-...; m.... grav/mg up |.. L....do... m...-.. .....r
hm
.
pmv|dcd ...: with . means .o gain prathty (O .|.: ...mas of cdmg
m wma. <>.-nomi collccpnonx ufb|ac|mess m.: .s.=.-.-.b||.1|.c Canbr

m:.

h.....unwmum... ...o.u.v.....m...| ...|

.|... |.... |....
...1 |.. J...... ....o in :xmlanung cplt ...uma... o..... ......
|.......... "Hip
Fundamental sp.... |."... p... ..
...a hubo); Shand .|.: sam:
VFC ......
renas....
um mm: .s nao.., bomm .. a.
|.... .. ... ......y
m..diseufmnduscd subr um.: thai g... throw" ..... ohh:
..e. |. mm: (mn. .
o... |......rc We'll
...d,

way, They

Em?

Wen make up

...|. ......

um;

|.... o...

meu...... ...|. .....p|ov|d=d .|... ...em... |.. .. umpung ... ....

....
mhurzl a.... pohucal ......u
.|....ng and rmmmg principle Rap ... .|..
ofmmmm'
cnmpkzcd |... m.... m .... muchsmnc
w....h
J......
a......
humdl ... .|.4 ....chl.
black Amencml mam..- vams o.. .|.: mam
.|...|.cw....cd.|.<....>.<.."mu.....pnmmwm Dudcf'hchplmncd
cvcrylhlnghmu c....

.,

pontuhcwhokfzm yofblackmnencmmusm.
numm! .....ofmy mmm." Brum... ...| Al'nczn
m;.
pm
....
|...
beczme cunnnuom ...|. |... m...... a......
by
...... .... ...m... ...a
]umszy .|.: ...a...
AWM: ......m m-T.,... ...m-a......conunurd (odav |.. .|..||.
....
Alban g.... amu.. .|... ..e

p=| m

m...... <......

and djrfueutmion gar. |....

The deuma" Iztiunsmp bewren ...|...
mmply ...om- ...... .|. ...|......a new, eu. ...a wcsr
:( . .5 pa.... em
...mmg..
.... (lu-ir ntcmcnou |.. ..K g.....l
.... :.-pm..
|l|ry, um...-.=.
or mihcr ...m

pc.

a.... .|....
A...... ...m... (...um mngu.
... Bumba A...... ...m
compcllmg ...:. nuy bc. Jonc nppmpmnhm
enmely ...um... ... .|.: um. ... |.g|.|.....e
A..
... langlugc bcmm:
promise ... .. .|y ...um"... ......
.
A... .A...c..=a.. pamculuky .|.:
whwh mul .|.... nu...-mmm... ... .|. ...|...

um...... o

.=.

even

gum au...:

producuon

..

r...... the narrow ...m...

...|
"fe...... ama......
merlwbndilyuf

,.g...||ed....|.u
absolutism reccdes up.... .|... po.....m
..|.|.c.......=.| u......whim ...|... .o...
Iuphnp ...m... .....c..y....c......
|||
m...... =... mm:-uv em.. |. .:.... lm
plauslble c.....cs ...
...uma-|
luck .... .... block when: .|.:y ...|: ...|. .|.:
|wwerunl|elrlullwnrlc
. pum... nflhc |...
p......nurum ...-rc...- .|........|. .|.. mlcmpw

M......
.... ...

.. .

..

,
Inllbrl'

..., An..., L..... Amo..:., and

m,

T..

|| black

Ama.... uma... ...

Ih: urban cnmxr iu whmh these |o| WW v.crc

...|-.... ...;... and &...... .|.... M..-......
|...
.|.: .|..
w.-...... |... .. .. mime
nrugglcx
w...kn... ...|. ...|...
...-..... ..... ......
...| e......

(lived sem: Ufa meia] wl

munwmdtmcnlcd ms..
n... .dcudlicacian 'n. ,

...m

Above

.:

... aulas...-.......<w....d..a.|_mru.. ......kmmu... ...|...

.|.:c.....mmghdmnagzd r...... ofhlphop, |

mm.... downamccl
..
b...-|<
[making
|... . ...-...a s......
Ncw H...-... Connccncuzfu
:...

w... Mach......- ThAesolnuon,pm:m,zndlulxcrvcuuuuntucd

w
.|... fu...... q...-.. fra/=| .... .o confrom .... fm .|... . |.... (um:

..

g.... ... pursuuon Muuu) ...|... .|... na mg.. cxms. M. w......

'.... Ihc nurmw uffauuly, me, unam. and mo.. .|... mmm down
f...... Crummu's ain... remarks means .|... | c..."... ...na in
, yum
m rescucmm: dcmr
um" vJums'sn......ningom...mrpsc orhudcurc Looking
|... .... ....
,, ..: puss|bll , .. .|.; ke ofils ....pp:.....<c
...mg...
mem... huunl spcnr
...m... ma......"mmaormbm

...A | .| chdm, r...... .|.. xubllrut Un...... hmcrsnn, |_...

cmuprchcnd ...... ....
um, ... ch...-|. Rm.-y,
saum; Drs., h......
memphyxica]
extend
round
mod:. ......
.|....
A......
...|

...|

Wmum|
b...-1.

......m, ...|... .|... .|.c ..... important |.... ...|...

um...-uma. .. .sxhantxumch ...m .....|...|c...|c....... N nus!
-

|.. .|.:

"...uma
,. |e...ne.|.Tlm.-=c....|
uk. Bubhy uu, Duck

. |*|

, umvn

...m mmcmbcml "...-|.

c..-.:l
p...... .. Dnuumuud. A..... Newmlrk
du......
rn
luhn Mun.... ...| Rm! ulpcrmll
.
.. ...y
,
...m
dunk
'l'hnn
nua
vmllcl.
.hel. mu... un.... ...|.
|...
.|... d..-...uma
. Dhm Amu.
mmplnry mulnhulnuu lu rhwhm |||ch hluu

luv: law-"*?
mannd Aluluguuiam

.
....y Apmlfmmnnyrhiugelw.
wlll
umnllphouy
luv: m chu-u. Th
um. o." umwmnn
i.. Ihr: mly palm": unem.
responses nu longer com/ng:

'

em

uma,

..

slwcauunglmdcrmlm :.lfwv
win. um: aumhtrm mula
eu...
mumubcr um me): mpmun
mu , um
'
mmm m : u:
um
enm
ann
mmc
um:
Em. m pm,:
wma, pcorm mm md mmm mnsminhc sn-uuum ul'mcul feeling m;

comanxuguexmmigml(..

leg: mer thc Summus. Sounds um

reply,
h
me mm:

Melides

me

..W

of'tmmmamw'

hs
d
md mumia cun-
um m | Alyn-ml:
uiuyulunpul
um
um um
dw library arme
pm or Mun-n'
um
ulmmknd manh-an.. mmc-A um me]
,
m
lui:
wma neverdlelul
neri-ql
.
mu.
.
.dll-mu m hxmry.
ippar-m:: md lu wkurll .um Ind
: n n. p.. um

wldcr, as vet unhaneA. Wrlds,

dmg.

wma. mm
pearl who ar
: num
mrmgvuu Ih: wand, hul kknrlr/lr:
onu-ul
Fam-1
um

lion

upon

md
-m mn
. um

ux Ivy

Eurpean: .lurmu emp

we re bund by mw mmmnn mun-mu

uu'. Manic-[Tmn nluml by mult nun-W
whlc
wllcrwy. : cnhuru vamu

"rum

um

A../,. "qu

vm: PAC. ind uma rhnncplnm Ruben] ..

mil: me
hor-mon

mem'

.. Soul
8qu placa wkh thc
Atlantic wm'ld luv:

"

k
,

um:

mm;: nn

m" damn-md Iru

mkuudnmmncumlluonlu mumu-en
nun-cmd mmcmentnlbllckl lnuumuhw
'wj.

; amam

eum

'

,(.
,

nula-gm mwnmd. n

a.,

MW
um: um. the
ru

must, lt: lu mnny emm ln :h-

kl! no be

urlwmulm

'

,, ,

bcoomll

dimu!
billion privileged umdpolm Frm mnh
.
-

lbour me modern world becnml mun,

r-gmhumuupmpmlwh. uam., ..

"

,u

mmm-mam
,"

which

nw

ami-um,

'

'

mmmmmm
dmmllwwukwlmm'm

:TH
.

m
A;

wnuuucned na when

H-

"
romeducss which is nnnrllcr more 0
&.
um
uma am
m hu nom-x|. (: pnc-Me
fmms ecd; m lm undmuml
blneh
when
unly
diupon
[nun
ml
!: ucquixluon rms bccamr: mm
agenda In which the mn of rmlednm wu
sought to (unsnucr pchzcal
cuuld
of cununl mmy um
pwrcqmsim fur (hc frms
ldeunfled
amirKI
Th: ncvd
u
and smehund m Much they
guaxahtcc me muouhood
much
and then m us: vi!: um ofhdng |"
Inc-Am cukum
ln
mou
cxilc
armpm um
.
magma me cm'tngmphv
In
wuh (hem
munx
uf
:
simple and dum rcspausc m mz variem:
AS
pcrhip um understood
md
:
peut
hzve demcd zh: hmm-ml character

mh

mmm

(:mry ggmmlemizyp .sueslhewst ml and unwnwmmlsinglnwnn! : conte! ul progra; from me smudpmur fm: Have
,] lc lubjcc: ur Chapter 2 In |; bom mall and [ampara] .:

mm

mas":
me uucgury emm culmns
by foulmg ou .
Thu mpm mk, m cxplon: um: um;
.s pmmhlc bc
Lile and yum: oHus (nplouswriung5.'l11is
ufmodem black pohdmk mem; m
Du Bnis's (houghi (h: Kllnonshlp
m prum
nanonlsm in gcucrnl and Gumm mmm."
Ius prcdu'csmpean mmm
than .: w. m lh: wk ur
ular bccomes
mon exphcn

5is

numd by me uma, expressed m >!an

nflhc
Appmhz
'...
nlnczcrnrh
m;
and
w a ru
:nnmry
mn
in transformed world musu'uuing unprcccdcmcd
| Forces nz
1a

];

mn
wm>Cmmmel, Blyden, Dclmy, and Duglas
want to mmm mui:
Apm (mm na mng rms pimul amam,]
hxswricul musidx'mlum
prm-Adcd
by
ofDu Bon wminp m me mmm
m
al:

wk

mc '
'

:n

":

um
um: ."qu

y
.mdxmm,
cr m )(nhlp mu w
>

elza-nh m me um century nl'human Aympifh).Khr= age

Afnca wma num; uam

:
of me mmm! ofblaiks ouuldc
Ius mcEsmnl m
um;
ufthc
mmm,
mumu
am! shup: m me
|
mrs
WJ
orgamszxiuna] forms, culmlal politics, md
m:
mxm amng
:. (luccfnld prece,; nr
bv African am;om populnuom m

mmm grnted

from 31.

punu): ul'schunalmpalion
mmm.
xccnnd, mms; me acqumnon nhubxuu
cry and in .mcnd .: honurs;
denied by alawry, um anny, in punuu oh munnomum

pn ml

m mmm
space ... mc wsll'm offmml p
&

' :

'.

humm um dlsunguislm:
(|L-ww.
,..-

w."
w mp wmcdung nflllc
dcnm modzrmzy Wha fulkms
Lacuon ..s um uwillac betweforms cipal
mm: olhese dmmcmc
'n lim mmm mg m...! mm
[endemia m opw
nvn
mui
pumuy
Anual,xxx-iemedmwsxdslhranomlpunmufagmkl
slmcnlrcd
m
zh. in .. a.-...m
as acccpung me fm
I::
'

mma
besnmchmx
eq thismawmcnusgomgm

can

but

um

nndpmbmbly
mm mcal
.md polir
=
; guinn
nm mmm between politics unullilmcm
[ius
me m Lhancar suggested
1
new
m
Chapltr Iuppuls um
thmmigununn
(henry ofduublc com[ouum.
Wm-h & cumeh congmcnt m pu mm
ul'lcmvalh uf-lmry brnuldu
in
uk:
uuwcmcym
mmm
ylnrAfm'
"
Tm
pullth' mwhu In
.lppnmchcx um:-u modem bluk
(im-mm
mm- rwu
.uul nmmllnud mumu-< 'rhm mnvcmenu
.. wmhmu n mmm
mulhlluy lim
ul Ihc milha mm
allnw m m n mnull'uunum

|!th

m.!!ym m

m a;3 ly rmund

:th beem: dllhcull

m: pumlm
umceunndungriarnme-Su
hm nf n

"o!
u um,
Arn
Arm
a; . mymm
n??? :Lllulcmpouq'
'

., m mm zrnlry m Ihr Ammcal3133333???-"

.
magma" Reclingi 'n mar
Em
bul lugcly dlmppcang mun nu "um naum. tem
ul'mcg m "J'-'
m'
ipnce between hiv mu um glam] mmm-unam
lim.
ver. um ruptwliug m

cncuunmmuur w 1qu
xc"
m
y 1" the nm drunk um century, Du uol. baum m
. aw nrmmm dvilmicn m :ymmadc wny. IhlumplmlwdManul-71!
IuA .
[deeper dllznglgmkn! nom madar"
u um wmMdh-d by meu mumia" wlrh tha muuuum;
no
nnnlylh nflmxlcmlw .um num-al
.

..er mm

'

mn

mu

mw

urwmmummm

.;

TT

uma

ufhlx
privnmelihulemdpuhunnm

mm

< <

mam

Ivy

un.-< m

blackalnn

<

|;le
baum |..

<

&

<

<

rh: Nan!)

JIh'wnnlw-nuu
?hnlhlumldvzwzdugmd
emm-mmm

,'

uw ()"/nem) iam :
<$ ro mk fhm:
nmmcun [
dent: ufwcszcm, mm wd mulu mumu-I
lury

m sm any/m
Amenmus.

<=

Tlmncqvnuuauvluld ..

Icullxnvlrlu

'

<

_
4

"mmm

mmm%pran

(<

<,.

dlmtth

<.
<

<

'

!v.

'

'

<

zlmr mcmm mqmm

'
. pohn um
em um cndmml < pm -< mem mm
<." '
::
Ems'x mk has <
. min pm. r:

<

nrcdmrncwalmlmml[.mglugeuudpmllmll.'
-<!'<"
rm... <. .* J um
< mm -A saw-ud. . ,
H.; enuncm mms . me (a mk

mam."
pnmm<m<mummlmnnumnmmmn
<

'

hunter. huhu
yum!uhusamhwalcnu, Ucdimunsl nham-l

cnmmrnuly uu Alm wmk ur Harum Ila-mm ,

"um" < um VI)-m. um um "
-

< |

||er

Wmunu

Unum .um
mw
um thc spculic < .nmmy
wmg <q
.....uimm..<
Mun..
.mm
mmm. mm.
<

<

. um

nm.. < mmm

mw um.

mmpm<m
mw unwupu

mis

. .

<
<

'

<

..

Hmmmmm,
n'higfvim "hngmvhh mi

":

' '

'n gcnm nr writing = uu

. m mk. :

, lm m'incd <

:Iu: "<
A1 mhcr Iinwx mey
um
m n.. . ..
um
mplosion m.Weigln

dia um

mk

nrwduuzg
allaugluguol'mlW
mn/mm. ,
thmhn mim . m

mn:-mh:

'

no

own,
mmcd m Ihc

nou " somruum g.mm Llw

mcllllml _
rerunuxlm , ' Mlvannmpllnhnl < uu WW
much .md thmmlng, Du Buhdrpluyml mumu

<
.

11-

1: black

<

mlmuugrupmmml<...<1<e<r<.<.leq.<m,.Sum;
by um ..., bm
m mmplclcly .. <= w. hm <
owhaz EuroAmcnmn lumlermly Im dclhh
pohmsmthmwc Ibrm-ulunmcml

m focus the Argument:

n*

um.

mmmwnuwlp

mump lu: mmnmm hun amched

,. and um
nfninl
<

<

mu,Erhmpnnmn,Fnugmnouixm,Wullingmllllm.
m.-< dump

Dnuglns'
m kanck
ufmmlcmvry

amics

um

hkemrcmd nnr|u|1.'fhcphenomena

mg terms bunhm

<

<

of early PanvAlnL-m .m: nuly IuH'uruppd .

mmemcm
.
example, appluutc m.
mnuog
.
charm] smifcmdlyenhcrlnm
non Cannot
clas em. gmup
..nluwn porem lm

mmm

<,

<

bok m

Mum-lieu .
ou md mid world. | delvmllucd : puknlmmlnhz W

mumuy arme coudkluu und pmhlemnofmy

moins w :!me the fct-<.
any and .II IJ]: rum Ibn
f***,
lrlcluNngmnmlhlspLighl.1|1dlvymulummnnzlw

&
"'
mnmh.wnrk up mmy um gunemllzamm whloh
3

llll'm'

[e

.
Tnw,,

lblullnrymhxlmlw

-on

<-ug

mnsliouslv polyphomc Form

um

mm pmmul ina

<

ww 'Um: bwi- pm

<_<,

o.

em the mcllec-

ldikmmuv aa grwn dongnd: Du [30138

dimnsmcnnu
<ble
klmlarly Mnglmgcs nus skvhsuc
mnmmon <, um mumu .
ww.
mmm, m m eudunng mmm fm xm assay
..
mpmum hyhnmmn.um-(Carlyle, Hmm Lzmb'lpruunu
. mlulnmrmu
(mm .md umdm ur uemlmang me mas, as
me rxyu-n'mcnr mm.- o... um mahsmon nm
nom of [11:56

..thm

mg; <rmm.m..m, 'mzll,cumeyrhcimcnsmuflrchng

." Em, cima .e mug nl mk
um nd <= mplnmuun of
.

"4

d experience dmundul,
; Juuu:: w.!s Abo .m uyunam
um. r=<1m||<u<cm rhmckm uvmodcnusm
m uuvuher nfuthcl mim") mr wing Uu no;, r. .m .;
Dulmuuumnlmlupulyirgumcm.um". n<.<a
roam
Inlllllmllllull md lml-nlhmwrml'ir .
1 mm humm
mula-Imunmrlnm w.. Nick/uu ... r ..m
whu ln rh.
mtuu-< nr :

mmm. |<:
mm <

<

<

mw

um

.u

uy New Engl-na M whm ,

(mmm m the South.
Lx,
lu- nonhlm
new wav ol'being bhck.
md
fe as an mmhmdc
mcnmzors <." m;
n

'

anly

Nick lou-rim

Th: problem

ol'nmry.
from the
f . mmnrcnes
mx
.md
|ch
racvuhstd Dmologv
mim. mm.. bem;. ml
uem, imc
lugznbed in
Bom own til H:
msmmn

.me
m

grr,-3:35:33? 3335215322!

m rm mc

w.

ng

Em:

_,

me, mmm Mr

na.:

mmm

puma,"?
(he Pw; .:;(

"um

"" nd

$$

mmm

:Ihm "I'ma same starkncxx dm: was cumumclcd

um Niger Valley suu fun!-u qurmcnx &me lhe

'

&

um me
m
ilcmiw
.

mm
mmnxmnpen

L,:

I'll?

Ihc only

h.; work
Hc incrporated :hcsc lczmmg expenmm ium
[hey pmyidod mm (hc muy consumam oblm'k

l;Ising a Jruhml farm of deuma-mc socialislu by olha

wu m'! a; a so appmlmg and impormu
from [he gim ufv' w '
plohfcmuoupofmurex
:;
because of Ius
and
thc
efron
cmg
and rm Mc nuded in Mam
na. Hc mchcd
h: mok up
m Ghana and rcuounccd lux Amcnmn annupnze'ma
xa: mf g ofmneqriive. Hrs accnums nf ' usns m Alba
humelnn
Nolulup between Amman mm md (hen :stmngcd
mm

and miargc mv nppmclauun

"ms.: ; met nmmgnm
Enghxh hymus, mmc Uflhcm ser u.
um
had
Wax um ahh:
mm;: we
words "muy mn .
German mmm. The muucwas often ane. but the
Fxsk md (h: (mdidon o(lm Jubnue Singzu, who .um
m m um
um.
md in Brooklyn organ mir, xm pm.-s mugwgqomlials V::
thc
mm
mdf heavenlyvolcts
Mack
um"
um bcfon um bend
Smgcn
Fisk
Thc
Jubim
md
opened
aims
n;
&:ch and the em
bcfon
Tlm: ! mummz m [hse smgmaua
.

(walk/xing
hand [htir muniz,

Imp" um NM
Wmm um""k'

lcnmm mmm", eu: when u.,

n? m"
m; cxmurdlnmy produ:
Tlm:
M cm.
Em:
'e! culture in the [vp:
'
OTUL'M"
hc vm. Hnwcvcr, me nwompmm;
mwm

University

wma

,.

mm

mk
o. magnum: um; am of

&

nhmumnllrlmmwhum

ing blackfarc
mrhyuum, ..ym
hc
ein
the
ms,
way
a
cpm about forhlmsclfwhcnhclcmpmxumdhul
nnnrrhltslleum'
nnlxcdlwmg
.md
um 1le plas: : VW
gnzcd umimnmcnl m wmch hc md grown up
Nash/m:, mumu lr wu
Unncrslty, Ihc ]ubk: Smgcrs' alma mm, m
wluchwaunplw um. ln'
arFxsk rh Du BoisflmcnmumclcdIh:
dccply
m Icam

mami
WWWW

upthemmlimrun olelmclzhdmzmcs Sumcuhhc mmc

Du ou
and (ousxszuntlv zulobmgmphiml w. mp mm dar mn

opmh
': llndcrsmmhup
ma self-command f::onxuucmd h seus: o(sclhnd wk Unix/cair). 'n
ofcummumly amidsnhc mcully AmmHVc mmm nf mm
black mm.,
Lhc world
1
wu ;p! inm mm
(o num Wha:
md
um ,
by
mlummm.
me pmimhu
md what the dzrkcr hzlfxvag mm
Bux
facing
and
wa
mk poverty
|lein pnlcnlmliry
; lou
well 5 by deep ignorance

A
lmcwcosm of a um mi mumu,"
yuup, but a: Em
1
with cnlhuxmam. A new muy m ullcginncc m
World
leap:
xnm um
ur
placed my Amerimnwm hcnte-forwud was a m.-, Thk pmcm
lain
Hu:
pmlcclcd
posam: unly
mmm-ma.. md sclhhsim'cry W and muy hmuuguuuumllmm
.lbsnhuc
r.
tion prnvnk'd by an hmmm
clmczl him luwuldl lm highly
um
mcngmscd
mmuhmg
Bois
um
as
Dn
.. well whh m. min! nwkwnnipasan. l'un ..r cgwgnnnmu m. nued

ty

.
mumggzj'"*t ?;'''
ofnkhclmlnkcrs mxm
fu? W."

r: mom

when | wcm mnh |.. pm:, | Mwm meluhcr nf

cw 'I hc ufnml'xc.
um! Iuynlllu.whl| humry anl & curvar-u
chun-nl r inl
wuup wuh me.
:

lps (o

gs, nagglng anxiety over me ,.,nz.

h'mlmm
lg,?"'m
mdw mmc m
a; the de O
'
Wit W Ch ir [A
prgress
um

luca zw compuunded bv these

enm] bom wizhm md
pm:;
fmm Amen: The kmax
ormcl, muwmcnr, displucemem md ,(
1

cmky, Terror, zm! Muvements

NI

.
.
m' : Vhm"w' "m'm'k mlnd whm!

um.-

,
'
ZEE; ..Z'LE'RSZW
xl'numcme " "' '
1
" " " Hme,

Mm." Dam
Emi.e

em m
me mm b) th: knglh
mmplmw . u..
emmr. mmm
m
Euro
Por Du E

in

mmmllrmw lhmm me . um! n .. . y

.
,

'

Xa

'

vzhlcle Rzrwrluy

num murpmmnn nfmndrmlm

w mudem (Ml' nun, and in lm :mrx

um tenor m conhgunng nmdum black pulam :nllumx nh:
nc ol'onr igc me emm: of Enmvnn ::Mlmuuu with me Mum .
developed peoples
. W, muxdcr. dawn: exwmuuznun,
hs
md
again
ag.. bccn the result ofcurrying civiumrlm um
ay,-aus
and [he hcmlwu wuhuul [ha um
me blessed gospel :o m m ohh:
m
klimng
rca-um ofshvc ngmm mmlm
His cmpham nu
cu
mm
;
A
by
15
ur the plm
mh God md mun recurrent mmm. H" dwzvmiun
by
ofcducanun in ru: libcnunn ofblackg opens, fm cxampk. chmhlllhlul
m: x|! m,, a muuguml london both for hix "wu (:zpncism md fur
a
Khz (angle nfmoughl
md :erlhought" m men Ihc mm! cx ml und
pnhzinl qumdunx ofzhe ag: mus! bc decided." me um: kai mmm
again, m m more complex Forms once rhc (cmpnrary gm m' mmmsmumn um beam) bAck m [hc counltrrcmluzumn urnn'zl ul'lym' ng
mu m um pubuc spectaclc of bmbanw m m Im: luuczeculh cenuuy,
Tlm: hakeful residues ohh: m: suum have turned thc Smlm mm fm
armed camp foriutimidanng bmk folk."The xguFAmnkc md fun.-mxm.
W crmal mm thus bzcomcs : Camil pxzncnlpznun iu Du Bom |ndmmem md Ainmuuns nfnmdemuy m impomm ,; mlwcycd m um
hnk it establish between Th: Sunix and Druk nfDmvm n huok prudumd
ven years mm. w uh mk wma mcunuu nflynchmg

:| max dum
means ofpolnml zdml station, m m.- um volume.
Du Bula provided .1 poxvcrfm account arme effect on hun ul'lllc mumu
Ivnclnd aliar fight
.md muuhnnn (sm How, a
nwr
am., Inkouter
knucklcs
|me hmm pl.!ccd
xcycrcd
mney mm , plannimn cwncL' uma
on yubhc display In the mdw nfl year), smm (m Muath Succr Em
u'uxking as .. pnucmr nfsuuulr
[o Adanm Uluvcmty Mmc Du Em:

lvy rlns immsummcd

rh
rmnsfmmmon
num
up
op. H:
W mk
could
be
Ncgmm mnou:
not amln1,uxxl,nnd dnnchcd mcmm
lymhcd, murdemd md smncd . ' m under m culture nu.; mmm, in 11
cxsennal m appmuatc mz mk md pumic slgmlham'c urlyucmng
uDu1
during
um
penod
The
.um
chcm :
nw; use palma mmm: m]
Bom cmphaslkd m
popular
theatre orpnm in a iccnnd cu:
na
a
[:th
"A
Negro was publicly humm :Ilvn
thc uma xohuue'
mmmm ln:
m Tcnncsscc under rmumcum mulsmlly armam '": muhhmg nm]
Mxrnmg Wun- ,u.m;.w Myanma .. m:
'l1uce [hun-und
pm
mxdlcncc,
Including
mmhcn
nummohdn hnlughl the
mumu; emldmu.
|I:
wrelch
lud hu wu human
r : Hum ..r mlmc were pmlml (wer
nA
Inu
lhvc. whHr hummm Immln mr mu
um. mmm; um.! um wm-

m =an

.
.

femme

mu

nlt'lmnvnfmndunufyi'hllldmmh

-'

mnbllu mumu
mm nn'onkd by lh wtnduw
wu mun humm
on our mlmny. 'I'ILII "11le
H
|: ancien! land of a.: Cherukemzlul
uva la lun I'ur iu Fnhuluml, um lme md um
[ drrm- mem benn me
Mmulppl. Evan
mxmml
in
m
plupe! place ||ch n 2th
"qual
bm
ruuknrly seen m bc up"Inn;
nu
ulurmuu, me '(pcn'cucc "naun! mbxudln-m
um fur the ricnnm md mmiuency ul'lhu

usam

MW ,
,

min
U

um

...a! suugglcs Unum.

Haw
ly

um Wen.

&

..
R::lmnlllu'

Du Rms in asking mmc umplc hu!

Mm

what dixungmshcd them paniculnpollm

Em example, n
mam familia;
em
hmmmclmamu ofzhcsc u uurllmnlmlwllmn
dzmshm and puhncal mmnumy md mklrd.

mw

lt

mm
lorheu'hlddcnhxroxynnd mkcuuuliug mrgmmed
uma
eu repmdwnon and txmlxuussmn ; ward and
|" mma
nuns bcmmc mom Conxphmzcd sau
hmm mwcrl ru mh
mm alma bc ibuud in me conwmcm vfml
-

'
-

m plogmmnmn:

mmm;

Comlmnuc minutas mnml'cxmx, Dr

mm at :cumg dom! mm mmc
en.%*
obwcnm und nnzegy m "ampra form Tbm
Mum wu?
must be suugllt elswhem Though
of cm
fm "J, K is
often lkcly to be glmncd fromWran
um both
um
. rm: maginauw .md
mor: cphemcml. nu Boiuugxzcazx zlmiz .; regulnh
(med m mlmm "um (Inn &me pohucal pmznces
Ihr
a. umgm.
nar-u cun" lcd za zm
subordjmuun
mmm mmm erguem
d m um name ofrece, (specilly
dome amt
em opzqut lu ouuhkm
n ardem-y,:nmmsmy tu me muintmnncc ofthc
mmgnwothclnkr
.
uv: mmnmmry "Ham um (heh descendmu, 13
um mim" n Hub
,.
ru me me, ry ul'culrurnl Vuk-mm... mapnnds m :]mngcs m thc
.

mm

mmm,

dominem nm

um

um

mm

unmlpmnun
Indllu: mumu- mmphm. ()!cama ,
uma!
rl:
lu
em
ml
uma ID he uu pe.-mw nu,mmm mr because unm-]
xlm u
m m: mui-m.. .n me Kru-num ulllnmn

"MWM

'
tlm umano"

subhluc,
[me A;

thugh lu

In

und amnnuunm damn

mmm
Shown ' me pmiw. chlpwr, munir hu Miu
|

um

emplcycdxmca

Ju mmm forvur
mmm pm
n., mm wmk Imune:
'

mm:ly

umilfl'mntmuuw

um

The mmc mysnml wrsious nf huck cnmumuila

Em um

nqumdy

uuhy cun lu
heard
pm ohhc nrgumcnr :th .m lnnarc nr mama.-=x wnrkl blnck
ureduuhh- plunlily ufncw
found mmm me mm
styles However, rh: warm mnnbnmunmu m mcml dcumyhn hun
(hc Sign Wma and us asim: cd hlagk nnucn. m. whi . um hun
(:'(ucmdy xmponam m the Cnduct of black pullm'al Cullum in m:
ofvmpcnal poWEr. The hmmy .md ongm olhcxc "hm mumu: ma
|mMcc<sarily
'dcn ofnmonaW ydcnuw. nanunal Cullum,
111 dam! nkcwlu'rc Ai
alla
with
have
bc
deal!
au
Mil
uoual bclouging
(n
.A
.
positin,,
um hen: 1: m pum: md M
m
nam: mm (mmofconneclcdncu
Ils gm'zrncd by
mm:, mm modes: conccpnun
and Mam-...na. n.. Boll
the zomepl afampm and in logic
by
makc! m mpomm mnmbunon to us mk um often uvcrhmkcd
AfuciurAmcuun :nncs Who do not find dus aspect o! hi: work m lhelr
palochhl uste Hx wmmg Sumcnmes operales m 3 mon general, Im pu
nculanst um. mal na; suuggles m mmm me (um ,: nl'm Amman
nuam-x, mu:
&
cm ShnuM nat bc read .u ngml um
mmm as zm ahstrm
Rms
m; !
lmmcdiaw 01 km] slul'ts
unimpomm m hun
and
me:
nucnuon :o me inner nxymmeuy
gm Ihm paying rnum careful
Cullum: 15 um anl) my m Jppmach the level ukmnncu
cmmiun
cdhu lim gmnd rlxetoerI Khrons ok" mas! mihnlx' mmc! mmkc ur
mm
mm Unum-(iv
plcxuppom h .; aum-m though nw meu-mu m
a|><
Inry local compancnu ol blacknes: can numngh :nmiduallou nl'lhc
MM
weak
Ihc
o!
ln
al modalluci lha! connect the Iwu and cxpencncn
directly
m urlvcr
lhey
um,
huusphcm
Dr
wthhcr nui
(amam);
Cm
m
UMS, ;( .s mpunmu. whuc bemmg sguifiunl dura.-...a iu um). m ;:
d m: blackcxpcrl
be found
(tmp! mspzo sm: e! me umilmncs m
rhvs
xs wlml (|I: poh'uull
(||-1!
below
cmrs 111 th: mudem W'rsr Wc mu Rcc
hc
ul'rllc dmmnusclwx
aspiram": r
And ulcnmy In
'
Munn-mmm"
pom couccpz m m Mmmpx . muy
:ummqnnllry muway um;
an Eu zhmk about lh: mm:
I'mmcwurkxcipccully
ximu
mu munmpuu
sul: urcnnxniumg bnmry
um
vlumllxm.
um
pnc:
whm
mui
w.
sm:
. Amaru.
mm.-uau
"vc um Ihr Wurm m und-ru um lu menmm; Inmnmred
pum pcnpcc
me Anumlh nw Arweruunnu vxurplhumlhm- hu unuu mmm

"

um Mais

'

unlcgy.

mn:

&

Mwm

crm,

mm

emm

vmu-;...

&

"mm

"um

"|

um

mu.

II

Ind nude pnnlblcurmuy

wm. dw mumu

ww

iA

Ao

|M :ud. lle
duplmd/
lugary urwulcm clvlllurlnu. Hwlwlc, ami pmduccdl

many

n ngm l'nr m: rm ;
.md hnw hc mumu um mey
u
to

m.

luv-

um pcmnnl [:

um. urnlcgv und xherr brando .. Ihc wny ha uma! ,.

.,
whlm made, mm: mm.;
:. com >|
.
Inl
x y
..
a; ; pu mm: n "nl! mm mm. m- mm
mill"
rummmmxK

cmd

33:23:

eh.:

nmku 1:

Washington) denlll
cdu-:urlnu ur concurmd with m. view tlm Mum
md
mmm
M:
[:|-Ling
<li-mc (m lrnm me pmvllul mtu
.m
w.
cmum
|
ami
ug W mwn'al
pmpem

mm

mm

hit win. Slukmpmm md |.: wmcu nur. Am: Ihr: cnlor line mm
m arm mu- Balzac md
where
wclcnm1

Duma.

mn

mumu .um md

,; wmlen ghdc in gildcd IuUA.

um um.: mm:! ofcvcnlnu
um Hung hmm-cu the slmnglimbcd mh and lh: mary nr...
hummm A. mleandchliunnd wlmlmul | Mu. u llley e m;
gmcmhly ww. 05410! nur wndrstcmion s wcd mm 'Ihnh !
|||
Alwcllahnw Ihc vml
mumu-m yml gmdc m .A. you mumia
lm [xml]! num Ihin high Pugah, hmm-n Pmlmm d Amaltklrr.
w: ngm llm I'mxmwd Lund '

me

ls

; mag: cru.: mm lrmvmny ,, (cur n. Ihu argunvcnl. lu

mumu" lu Wuhulymn's nnn-nudcmk cmphniiu un Ihc
m um. vm
nl. um]
lw nick-mimi me
..r Iughu learning mm .u n
,
pau,
n.
mmm . thc mmm-m upou which a um num-um syllcm
. x| cululrucrcd. whum Armadunlull
vm ground kunwmlge
m: nn
Lhnn m
The mou ur the
mixer
mm:. deepchl
uu
.um mxmmun u n :.amll'rum thulnwu nfhhm nJC, AGif-:N na Clmhndw uu um: f the Unlvunlty nu
duram-m un
|. bum um Hndummm Auer" 'X'hll
meiu ulmur ulunmulwul zur-mm my- m wluull whul n.. bem qn,
um

ml

Mim,

um

ln

he sliuwli m [um inn-wink

Sulyiccu um in me gmumltd

miliciaman.nim, um. th:

puwur uruguaioii!ii
15
[will iiiuininniing md miuiiniiing.
mn. .; ubvimi, n m [Mm iiiu i'm! .ii =l=uiciiL ]flhli imikimi which
beans: n can suggm iim n n
(semana..; Du Bnii'sCumplcxnnduhlmlll
m iudimiinum<hmnctcnmca
[O digpiim], mi bnus: nin idea uflmdimm um
Pi iam cmi bc um anni,
and (on mumcnini .o me mhiilicrn "mimi-u
.mind Kon dominio
ul' iiiod<miw Whilh ius pminiiy mndi nnml [hc _iminpmem of mw:
Ciilniiai ruim; WlicK rh: (Dnimuniut Ufinicfprcnnon,nccd&,1ud i
black Ailziiti im hmme nn iiilclleo
danry nn which the cninm
naun] Form in which iii: rei
nin]
politica! miilnphdu'. [h:y
tionx ((i

b:

I'ma

and

HJ bl:

m.

em:

nni

nuns pbcMCuximilanw

um:
and dimmic: hecomtxiufompicxlhul nnny

cuntlnunllydcccweditames onmmiimngennaimiimninndwninim
iii-nin
blzck minimn :hcicfoi: i'iiciimy'nbcd in the seal: nimc n.ii ii
m
:onduned. Th: perceived comum emm nimcmnni nm Jrcmdmg
clinpmggcshi
iii:
i
m
pmimn
the pinus: Inc-mun nm,: ob, uu' Im:
is chaotic, imug, dixoigank i'oimmaii
muiupiicny
this
duspcm
i
m (im be calicdz uadjiion
IU, ii 15 1 maiiion in amem mmm" i
iru (nn
ninminn
changing Sum: um sum coutinuaily towanis mia "Hdi
thrcr: phmc
em iiowcicr.
um coniinnaiiy mmm bcvoiid ng grasp Timidcnulicd
ni
Ih.
ina
m naiiniix
m ns nnndy :Wilulinn (hn Cm b: hcnrbucnlh'
of
nn
[hey mrxspond !mscly m [lw Kliree'pan :Imclllrz
hmm
T) SDHIJDj-Blutlk mi Ihc iiisi un bc deem by iii: sll'uggks igninsi ihr
insriinnnn nfilnww miiducmd iiimngimni in: new WM Thu: mn

strugglm [hr cmnn pnunn rmni coeiwd mmm, pmdiiuiig .nninnni in

m' xale on Wudd .nnim, and me distinuwly mudem Syn'm ni'ininin.
.
mizvgnigiiiv iinnngii
Codcd (vypi'cxnun motimii nh n. nic iiiond is
lmiir[bc prutmcicd Struggle; [O Mn innnnn xhlux mid me mini-nim
cd
populariuiuofrhcmudt
gcoi ngthndlibclnnfarlh: fierlilnck
nn.i
I(iglii
high-"c.
gel
ind iniiusuiziimi minima in min-ii bmy.
ilU n
inn,
marked Eur minc Peple Oni ."" Those imiggics wu .lhiwc
nn
m
managed
uii-nie
conducted
Whether
m
foi (ilizenihip,
conim
less mmm Kind Ins unrmllwd iimciiim nr
gnni iiimin wslems in in
_;
the puiiiical rui-m
mi Sb0Ml|l1nDn.Thh dyiumk i nnciinii both in
Ii
iimwn
much ui'iu
[hM xiicccnd n nnii n, me sinm ill." mmm i.
i
.nni vlhrmi pmmSlmnglh and , nvminiin pmtm'y innn [hr iiinin
ivobible. 'l1ie mini aim! ui'
alavniy
.niinn-ni
lindu
.Knmi um
ni'uillecm:
in
i
pninn. inngni ian hc dciineil by iu piunm um independent Ipu:nim
iii-win
M
(N' nw" .um
uh i-inii mnnninnw .nni ,nnmnnny um
_

pcm winavi-nu miha Afdunii mumu: Mid ID tlic minpicx political

connicu wlikh umw up mini! th: iiccd [(r iiimnic Arn. Though vmliy
imp-mm m [n uwri ngm, (|K iiiwniiim um n aiii uprnzcs di un
Ing i'm Ihr acqiiis nn iii'biack miizmicmv m guimi 1! ii
Pm
suimiinniiomoiugicni pointofrcl'cmuce bvmeuisui'whiclilouj m
nen
iiiwduii pmgmss (award; Vii-ions
ni seiiniemminnnun fuuld b:
mis
ei uma
mim [hc global .iiminimin-oivcd "
Thc ilncvcnncsx with ich miei lgainsi idciim imm: in au mgs:
Bragcs ia ; minnnicr (hn the mm dimensions do not [allow one nnoum

,:an

in a

hum scqncn .The (Cc$ omni-ii become iii-nim in the poli

and
cnixuui
cil
inuginmce ofrhc min Snigglcs nricntmcd (ow ds
paiticuhi mimi goalsnfwncm smi niiilcvcii m.!li'civContradiclcdmil:
anorhcr b gmazinng md!
iniciem eu ai nniiiicni |iriuiiiics, ini.
agendas.
Dn iainsi work, 4 .iii ng mLiimiislilp
in
md
mmm-ini
amei,
lu:
(0 iii: nm nrnmnainy nn
iu nmi uu! mimium a. ruuuh mmm
1;
mem fmin ani: mg: nr "mtx! m anuiliei, "nin lim mimed iii ilu lig-d
m gim dmxunn no the nnnuimi cummuniiy and in Aum-Inn anl md
ni; al mani, iii: (Und in ihr ncnl m nuke <li." milan-l i-ununiiuiiy
iii-=
ii. pulili
nni ]lulh'lill mundi. md
up m [hz Pmnnii) mhci'rl in

mi

Ih: anni in (ht md uma m ntegra": im ur m (linuiucm: nom tlm

community (mie in :sscntnlly iiinnny (humm had been ncouiiixed. A!
um pmi, mixer types emm nin, Arian, qu mi, mimi, n.
mn inn
nznonli "mim, (an Lm iiiown m bc miim ngmnuni Khan me (ucnliit

(hncc to be an American,
There
m mim My: In Much ma non linux, ieiiinniiiu partem oi

puiiziml (unam can Lac puodiscd They nm, fin cxnmpln, Mula
over (hu nh'ans ufulniral mvrrscnmtiim availnbic ni minii nimniinnicd
pcuplc hu nn denied .n _ lu pniticuiar cultura] anni; (like hmm)
wink olhem um Ming) nin iii-iiiopni bom as a mem: ofmmcendmc
and m n n'pc ufcumpciimuon for ici, sinoni- Expenelicla ufuiifreedom.
in (lw rim ,ingi, nn |m)iui.iriun n (Wired nnn iliitcmc) and hcid dmrc by

mm

M,Whemlhcdlmi to!
mmmii byiegajsmi
Linguistic nni
miniiniii:
fxpcciiiliyrmmcd
may
mini-w
mimi
vcrlui nxprrmuiu . nn HUM m muimmiil ui .in- wriltcii wand. m
imiic hclwlvll DAI Buin ami Washiiigiuii iiniwn inin .in -.ninn Cinema

hu mini
uiiumuicriiiicnuy iuvnlvu
: nininr nxunibipoliiini nmvlryum
uia ulnwnuim. num hewud Inniiluiu "' Wv- th! "= ln: llrllbcmli
iinnini Ivy ihu inutil niimury llfcnlllirl cxiwiicum nruurnmcil wpmiinn

in iii
min
dim.

diamenl nr rnmierniwh cnlbltell

nner neeiheuc (ur nnn ncslhtl s) munir-nim.

zmmng rhn mui aspca
Looking nr n
annlhcr uy, n my he pumhle nr )wriodll: hm |
blzck
pah m] cultuic through (he ninarenr crrungu
.nnnrnnn m
don ench gim ru zh: pmiecr oihheminn nin rhn place ora-hun mmm
rr, Here, rhe hm Mg: would b ' nnfkd nr lhe attempt rn hhcm: IM
body ofthc sine Rum n miller dccpcl :xpcncnct' nr miami-ru [Ilan .ny.
thing nm can be mzppcd ihrongh me (ontem orrhc I'cliklmlu nr cumIly hinmndiuu, and rh: ycmnd phasc by rhe liberauon nrcnhnre, upe:
;igulficnm
gnngi. as n mms ufsucul seiiznuunn Though mvNc phyi :
mL: in hnrh nfrhe enrher phases. Ih: durd inn bc dcfincd by rhn nmieou
commodity and hv the awxl
ol Iibcnmg mnsn rrnm im status as a
il
zh:
moncilmtmn of an and me. um
med ncsrre to me. ro deinonnme
(Aperiem'c um um
n, by explunng irs puxsuil ofm ie md eien nesrhenc
mn
as form nfmmpensauon. paid as lh: prai-e ofan ms'ma] exiie mm
dnrnrry, hnr as rhe irvnnred whizlc for conuuum] xclhlcvclupnmu.

um

'

me

Thinking through Th: Soul: vahwk Fall!

-mp|cx understanding nr
melhhapcd

Imre :Imr war

a un s=vcrll adiar .mihum nfrhe dLSnnKDvc hnrnn rhnr Di. Bou ieh
:IIIKI
h gud
mmnllrucr as pm of his nmqu: of me theory ufmor
muy
which
Mnm'nu
hmklng snhsennes. Th: hiawrv ufslxvery wu
. muy to
penreniy used as rnni rn inrcnngm rhe issnnrpnnns afixad-iu] prog
rhnr Manu ihared. ru : hw: nheniiy suggested, nie menta] pum of
[aliscd and raciahsmg rermr m ;lzvcry md nnee
lh:
im used in query The
poiirien
and
minnniw.
macy anmm'mk
nr mins m
enim
hrinnsinp heim.. mod:: nrpmnnennn na nie structures nl the innon
slmihlly cnmphramd bV showing me inrernni diflcmmiztion of
[:
UmI'Cd SHKS and Khz Inmundoml character e! me slim H'tks Du
os'h anel-mon m rh: sFtLRL dynamics ol'mcial subordjnauon and racial
Entlty produced & hm ' nfpni m] agency m wluch rhe prmnw ni'clm
cmd idalogm! mann
.
mms me msm .md rhe numnomv omihnm

nm :mdcly Cnnzewulemnomic delcruunnlmn nas demonsnntcd "lhes:

lm; were dalicd m hi; emv on rhe [mu-]s ofthe risk hihilcc Singers
The stylisri; rnnnisnnn repmwnmd b 7;
akazrlr mir .s eir
nen m rhe way rh: powrrofmusm wu nvoked and musical quomnus
Ench :hupr
n (( ro Mmc nd (a qualifywhauhc written ren mind conv
by
in.-n ih:
prvfaced
:pigmphx
The
usually"
Gm
dnmn
rwas
nin
lizcnzurc
while
nrher
fngmcm
cxtncrvd
a
of
Eurpeu!
the
wns
on
ohh: "&nrruw suugs m nhirh rhe iinni ChIchr wai criarehne

They: rhree imcrrehled nspccrs nfmodmn hhek pnhrieni uiluuc m's' cxplcsscd fnmcl'ullv nr Th: smi Tlus Clash nnnuniai vmrk ms si pnhthmy Inc nnd Working as 4 mchu nr
mth m 1903 when rhe nnrhni ns
Univrinry.
h was :- (nmfully (mhesri'arm
:conmmcx and Iustor, 'n Arhnu
euhccrinn of his old nnd ncw nlingx Nine prvvnusly pnhihhed .mri
shghriy rennnen piece; wer: ghen nn iiumdumnn Mul niipplcmcnwd lw
five
neh mays The chapren dcfv my summary 'l'h mngc nernn nn
Bans Own hre in me Nerrh and in me Sourh nun mehr-in dc! ini amiywnfrhe Kini und economic mignon; m rhe poxr'lkcmnnnlmuu simih,
[htm arc (cunhou; ou rhe (in nin-minh, rhc i'rcnninenh Rum |, ihrBlack unir, enunn. nchwndcr Ci nrnrncii, , eu ai mwcrful pnleiuir
gnnsr Booka T. W'ashlngtnm en, nn [ha um: nmi qualiw nl'nlun'ndon
rnihrdede und n wlfm, eieginn iccuuur ul'
fer Hackx One xhon sm
rhr dczth ufDu Bens Sou The uuHccuun unir wuh ml emynn lh: "mult
ufzht Alm/=x .in ' SlngimnC: for Muck ,whrrml cuhum,
Du Bou'snppxoadv nr."..rh mnh: pan nheraihin-vriumu perl
ni American hindu as pan ohh: "mr: genial!, ilimunuhuun. md
me;
shmply dilcmmmcd rumam um nniurihiue m n dlupnrl dmwln Impl-

mlulannhlp/
Dn Roll'- um

sm

ont
m
zen.

Whnrcwr rn-ns nin uw m riesmhe rhern. mnst cunts Agra um me

on: to rhree ar:
:..h mh inrn dinc riny discreta wc 'nni " Chpter;
zlly
h
wciolngicai
(hapzcm
rnnr
nine
me
in focus,
to
muy hnmuml,
behind
na cthtcls ren rn [mmc iene diese mini pennennm
rn
:
(hc rclmux "(black na, re imune aind manual Music-"with 1
ur

choices inclmhng bmgnphy. numbiogmphy, and heaon The bouk n

penpie
-m:d nr und uprernvn uthc experience nfhineks In Amcl

af:

med w' nn rhr fuldx nrrhe rni nfmionr (cl n n Alm somehow ads
m rin world: beyond um cumlmicncy n speaks amerh w w
all-Ilm! Huir um: nl culuumodcd :. hzanun md nr
nun.
|
nddmml rn n Willa rrnunnnnnni :nmimmiw
nllnlm

"Munn

nrmum

um... [mullwm-y WMV

ha um
w.... ... r...... .... ..... lcmlon

pm,:cnorsmu. uhuwmmnlngwntw
...d uumuumry ..... n.. ...... ......um ..... My ntnnlng po...... thmnngl
_

:.....mmmd
ufduuble ccmduusucsc ...... wlnch 1. sm. "fu/...:. Mb
...a M..... ...]... .... ...:, m........ ... .. nmanmduml .....onm.
...m:Un...... como.....cs. wa ......uy ...zd ... mnvuy .|.. .|.: '..
'

msug kom black ucmnhnlion ..f... Am...... nlcm'uy. (me m. (.qu

...
.... though. um uma.
Non,fnn Amman, .. N:...u, ..... .......(mk
l...... wl...- down.
......kd snvvmgx, m.. um..... .um. ... mm
......gm Ian.: keeps .. fm... being mm mude. H....mr. | w.... ... mg-

..

>.:

...: nun-nv: umckum ....l... .a. u... .|.. ...um-L

..r
... cn qu. .... w... whlcll .. rumlmzred n...-...E. ... ::
Amu-.=. ......

phikv

gn! ..... h.. Bmx ma...... ..... ...m=p. .. .|.. ...na... ...aum.
im......
...m... cmd pxychologca] vmcrms ..... i.... . c.....
..l'
sundpomr m' black Amen.:ans bm .... ... um...... .|.. veriam
hc
um: .. .. . means ...
pu...... populmnn. .. general chnnd ......
pcnplcs
ncnmm' whull
Compex-mon
among
m...... a a...... erguem
p......

anlv m h Lua work, This pcISPCCUXL' cmmmlly

(am:: [o full (mmm!
Pvmzm, l.... .. ...um pc..
ro.....i ..; [um up!:ssmn ... ...: nova!
...m. r...
odxcnlly ...m Du Hms's mnk cdmoccnmc causem,
...um...
exampk, ... Ihc mlddlc om... p....Animn xcverk r...... nu.../Da....

ullmnnclaully

.. .
.. m...... um mar! mm..)lmed m...-<
.:.. .... nw'n loumvyiug bau. u...... ..... ...um. u.. v.... v...-M

nr.... .... <:..nw..........yor.1.. American Souxh.

um

..... Commune .
..k ...um ......
f....
..
1
...,...
M....
.. ar......- ....
c... :......m
..e ...... . cun f::l bctm
fadwr's
m......m. Ye. m...... .... r...... nor ....
f...... ma ..... A.....
M)
11.1th e..... ....
...... ..; muumg or ...m mumuzh r... ...
..
...se. ...a ..v. ...... d..... ......wumu, ... cu...... ...... ...e, ...-......
Ar.... .. suoug
,o... :hmg .. ..... ..... ......
nu...... ..m .... ne ...
Ihc
...um... .::num ...::. m...-...... ar...... ..,...
.. ...: .... ...... since
...... mmmDn ...m... ha.: .uma . conumou um..... ..... ...... .....
.
long memory ,.... badgr cfcolou. [... m...... ......upnm ...
.. ne...... ul |....
as L......e, ...: .... esscnm ufllus h...... .. ... ..
.
b......
...Em... .....
cw. ...e d..:...........o.. ...a ...... ...a ..... he......-

A.

Ar...-.,

.. ..

m...-c..

s....pl. ...e ...m... ...um-., b... c........ (hmugh ml....- Am .....

draw/s
.... ... An...."
...... .... South 5.5.1... .|... ......3 .....
r...; dualxy .... .. D.. x.... plnccd .. ... mwllcnul ..... pucnu me .....
s....L. |. mu..."..pamculnrlv significant ... ma..."... ...: Impact ..
din
spmzd o...
.... ..]... An......- ...... ...d..=..1y....pw al...... ..
......
lc... ..... Mm, s......a. ...um... um.... ..... UmpnM s......
.e...-

.,
u...... ...........d.....1.-i.m.....cc m.... ......

Im..wcruml run ...me

...m. .. m: ..... .....- Ily v...). . rather Mcahwd. .uma.

ap......
m.../u...... ...-.... nah-m u.... .... ,...... ..,...gmp...

mm

Mk,

... AI

...m... um... ucurury w ...e ...um... orm. mimline. Tm. m

.dll.
. .|..- rchnvmslnp m...... .. "...|... ...a unmnnllnnll polllkll
..,. When ..... .|.... .. ...m: .. .... Immducnou ...... nem-alt ... ....
.. um! and ..... .. .... md ul'kh: .wr ..] c......m. .|.: locl mun.
.... hmul mu..."...wn. .... mm.. ...e... ]unlw I.. n.. Somh .qu
...eu ...... mmm. n.. n...... pmitk .. dexnbcd hu. ..... ph: In
lllulmlmn um.-r...... rm... me Unum sum .A-hmm. und
hlnlldl ul'thc em. II wu: & "plal:" iu mh bruni-1: :onlllul burning
...m um.
ruca arma.. ... fhm: ...m. um un-gd n.- Mm"

.. ..

'

Ml-

t' u
Klu'nmwh'w
! iuv: sem : hun right ."ch Mm
winx lime . And then
rolling hiih hc hk: pzszioucd Wumtn wnnmn
by
cmd sh;
] lignin. mica ind uma.
m um Kingh Highway: sai
air
minud
(h!
dlcy
gn. Un
which the uavdlei": foomsz haste ni
dim-Iglu
ha:
bem
th: msmg inn unvcil[on rm. rhine :cnnincy
rnr
bcwed hnninn heart, md now bzhold : fcumry new
mg 0th
zh:
Cmmry n
nn dutyand the dad Th: problem ohh: 'ennnh
problem ofthc coinniinz.

accpzionnh'sni, Du
Sounding cauuomxy noz: ngainxt zh: lum nfmui
mid brotlicu (Im Lhe slzvcry (x
Bois whmed hn AfimnAnimcan sislcrs
um me
peiinncm by bhcks ln th: Umwd Sum. though mnhh, W
unbeanblc,
all
M:
of
World, net ] xlavcry um nina:
wnm slavzry lll nin
ol
snmzddng
and
chant
manha., Melina
hu:
mha & sluvery dm hd
Saulf
nglnzlz Falk n es,;inliy vzluahle pmmiy be
:
hsppnwss
Du Bom: undexsund
cause k :rysullxcs mcg: rccurrem minnns hmm"
AfnzairAmericnn pamcukln and i ugnn,
m (oniprzhend
m: dzsuc
which he dexribtd allusivelv
mmm gnn-mi order nfmbnltem upclinlct
bhck nx (he dwmng of the mvennuh
&: the hmng: meaning nf being
the. pimniug mic nfhn
is
d's 1 mind, h slgniialu tha!
cmulryi"
n"
by
n mfmm ru zh: dis
closed
book
um cthnically rcsu'klud or
which it onglnalcd, fhm ii a mix In
nntuv Amcncan :nudmons in
Ichuouslup
Which (h: blacklwss m'ckcd (hem is in n cnnipiex. dissonm:
of (hc uzlc
nmning
folk which fniionn n, nurnwing ih:
lll nh:
organic
and
myxuml
highly
Ind lylng h lightly m :. highly ip::iic but also
hy dir
:ndolsed
nnighrfunurdly
is

.,
'

na

them

email
New Engana. Their indin'eimce no the :ducmuu
n (cmpomry
nniy
(m
cnuld
msuvc
Cineigcd as n kcy problem which hc
had
learning
bonk
basis: ( kncw dm the dnuhls nf zh: nin folk; mon.
[ar
&
lulu dic
ni
hiii. and gm
ninqncmi ag.-ni. and in znihng up me
lhk' nmnim iinnlnh
i
mhm .n ,nmihh. ]Ym : cm vm linha mas Illn
n vmk ur lu""
whh hnnl npphmimn, uml ihnnny mnvhnen Ilinu' hn
In

hu

,i

.:.:an

mi
mufunpnrunlmcmlinuiulrlom mpmduccdm
the Almlhwakencd common cnumloumul' f;'
&.
hyrhc ::chunrhrdimhmu rad-rm

'

'
'

'

"

'

"

the cnmmrm :xpcdcucex nf'iny llld

gde! mim'
ul'lcrmr
un.:
enxer! once again in hh "IDN ,
'
ional ann political nmihnmnrhhck inumem ir?-h.,
&czonhnihnpcd hs hchmg rm andy
.
|
ymnngrpinhng mein. h min n: glammpi ""
been
nl nihnoiy ol um mig ul
'.
hm by mun] nim; Ai [ appmlclled rh:
n m:.
ni
Sall urmnpinswi
mn Imnuln
an
lculo:
13:54h"

mi
um (

'

.n

'

mmm

'

hn

,_,

,:

ngind
u Bo'

'
hmmm".

uzlvd hx mmncct
::= nim Eummumtics ni
'ousmxcdnn and global czpiulbzdawlnp ;, 'm,
,. [Immon uffcmd has
uummunldul
.
pum
as the nuno" blumkrl um hw fun
muy
,... g
.ienir Kunming sum: ycnn hmm

n'f'mm

Txa em

'

&

&

'

um

W
m

P
em wher: he[high. a young nian. nu nuh w..
u
l:-,i'rlxhcwnyiunihnbita-nnludnnzbcmcarrimlfnmnlbythe
. DFKIIZIITCEVTIZm okhlsmrlcaldevclopmcnt.
Pnamnmnmlhw
han nin-hain lhe nin log schoolhuul; lw m
mxm-han?
.
um 50 i ,
asim-V ng y" nin u'u .- mn:
mim::bIZThut'l'
,. 41333 i'lzlirxgilucmdlmd iniisronnm
u.:
L'
'
'
ann ms |; UM si
nflInrii;;ltzxiilemilrl

ma.

nd

:,
.th mm aruma
.

pmi-41h; the

..
n, mumry"

not

oflus ambivslenct
Huvc nimdy argucd ma; Du Rms's dever summum
Wash
munck
nn Booker T.
wwnids modcmky lim appear ln his italhmg
meaningx
the
his nen essay: nienimien nn
ingmn. They are einhamd in
: approached from the sumi.
which the concept DfProgrcsx can have when
.!
Bois mrnics his happy Expznmces
pint of zh: slave. Them Du
from Fisk Univcrsiw.
the
schmhmher In mulTenncsse: during Vnadmu
duU
hihi-h folk md ams m :chhnnc md minh their
H: nnwnnius mni
upbnnging
fim-n hh own
humdxum rhyrhm ulifc,
cry Amzmnt

n.

orArnun na
lh; Zion Hummm]:
men)
" inn ".qu th: mkhw
nm-,,,wii,WW,21233522

hm

cnnucplmn ofcommuiiky um

w.",

,.;
i..
u
Helppmdlmlll'fllf
mim;-Kagan.
L:?

th
m

mh.

imizeielhmk pmnh had hm hm:

_

..

"fem.:

"mhzinnrn ul ngrcxx inipnnih Hnwxhillmnn

.".i-kwin'iwi'n?]" ""
"""
..h bum:
'
n (
|
.uifllffi'''
'
how humm md

mn And ul um me mil

hh um umiamam: nr me Rulli nrmumm

l-d
umiz.TW""''Y'

null: m

in..

[um um

mhnmmww-W

"
rlhrwmklzulrurenflle

mdwcunwnui"

M......

il ',

J'h
,

-'
(mm.-k sun'crmg, hr .....ml luwnrd: mm mmm: lludmudln' .
cu.....e md uthmciry um. r...-m L'hullcng: .|.: lag: ol'nclul uma:

me."
m.... .. ...: me... g...... mumwiun ahh: the
mums.. m.... [m n.....g... na .: xocmkvgiul kmmlcdu: :]...
h...... doing.

.= 1...

...-...

.?

..

'..-

w...... mun!" ...m m... men malodynhuuh

-......r........ .|.. ...... .. ...m. um l...-nam

hwal enrlmlylu r...-...m; with Du Enh'l hmmm

.. ..,; Frm-t mmm... mmrlun.
...m-qu. m'a:
.
u...... ... ...... mn... .... .... (rnmll %.arum- '
y z.... mlmml produnun. .me un

.. .

mlum

'.

u-

'4
- '

..

'

33.53.33
.

s:... ml |.. .|.: pnwcrnrlh: plmk' |:le me mmm: cunlnim || !

um... p<lx=nry nl'wlm | All .|...

um nubumn. Iohnmm
H.....
|..
rmck
mi,......4
m...-| hummy
.|..
...
u.

pum'

lumu they bmuuhr Nm m.

'le umd:
u.:....1..xrdnwd..|.e pourwmch
Hu hamk wan! lied behind hill! und "um Amum hh billy
um ... the ...|-ne ..
.. nl'hh ...m. ...um, mm mn Mm '
um >.... ...eu ..e... ..... ...a...
a... u .
ch ....wp.. am......
mmm known .. .|.: "11:th MM
mmm-Nye!
.. (md. ..... .. ...... phnd nmuml |.. ucrk. whnn [...m
.
-

Immune"
md
Ill-wu;

'

m a

'

'

..

num
. mu...; ofrhur
Than mt mmy Lonespnndcnccs bmw... mc .... mw Mu...... uma
m.. m...-om... w.... .um...- mar.-..... ...m-sw ......an |...
num......mgm ..m- sr ... ...e mg."... .aml. nl'rural b...... pupulumlm
hw ..
n. u.....pcm (wllix
Hc ...-...tu p......m ..... .|.... .|.: m....
An...... ......m ...... u...-Ic w...... mmm ... n.. n.... an...... .|..- ...... <....

luv

ex

,.

mmm

mmm

..

um cu......

1...

.|.:
... sun/mg ...
......
"...m.e
now.
would
Net....
.|.: hmm
ofuaduons,"
name n...... Ihc
...A know." Iuhuzunk um..
um
m......y
poa ... gw:
..cm Hc mkunwludgcd ....
to 1).- B.... nc mo manv m explore ... dcml
cnnzcmmmd &...= of D.. Bans .dm ... [us .... muuluugmvhy, m......
n.. nm.. qucsmms .....
77... W,... r.. ...s nmel, Johnsn bo...
eucndcd h.; argument; ... Way: ...e. a...... uuclpmuwm .; gcncrumlul
closcd ...a uncrnauy con...-... di m.... um..... ..r
mamfecmuons
A.,. num-..
rchnmuhxp mama..
lumens,
sw...

lllunuwullwu une.. muldnmvhou um.

Munny nm.cl......- ...a wu Impmay (! .
um
05."
,. .|... Ih: mm.... m...... by m...... nrwhluh n: ...m' U'.

,.
.

ppm-=

MD.: mmm... .
...a ,.... n.. . M.... ...-.. w...... new-h...

."
by me tlm-1
mu...... [)le ... belnuloml'll-

0")anqu

mmm: um

..

oflhc M.;l.

binary

'
Human mnlplangnllky'md
lh
nn Mndarina?
_

..

um...
t....ck modelmsm which,

mm.l'

....qu

Am......

.w,

H&M Nu mammamuw

mg ufpmgress,rhr111umng up....r." ,.... ".|.... ...

w......
mm .|.: H...... ah......" plfnubilvry, zm muco]
..... mo..should
ch......
um um:
,.
uu Ihc chores um .e: W...
Slukcslxnxe ms t.....p Why ..... . .|./a...... um...
bem.:
md .=...
...m. ... Euxopc, ,.... mekcml, naum., ...... ...m ... Ar. .. s.. l......
...e Wmldsmnds mccklydumb bcfrm s...-.. q...-...m, xlull .|... ...a-...
...-ed..... ... lgmxmncc ...a nano... pmiuduc: by de...-...:, am...".
.|.. Scan
ol
m mesm w.... um...;h. um Som. s...... ...

n..- lum;. shuld be nm....s ...... manualmp. :| apena! ph ...

hozh ...m: ..... .....m. n.: .ch
zum ofnmdcm uma polmknl though:
helped u.]n
black
Amcnca,
Mwm... Inlmmu
s...... F...... M......
.|.. hook
Anmhmg
.. *. ......
(ale .. ... Amu-itau valium] mu...: ... .....1
the
Ncgm
m......
mic ...
Much
m. had . pm:. ctfcct ...m.
Amma ...... .... uxhcr smglc hook pu...... ... a... comun; 5... um:
...o
To...". c...... "1 Vuhnsun's .... w......g. .uc (hcmselw mxmnonv ...
L..... imynrmncc, n.. cxtmurdnun' 1912 novel, mim...mpmm
r..
...m; M/w, mnk . um; frnm Du Bans ...nw... mswnut ...
mau......" W.... -...... ....
nmdnmm' ...a Snughl ...

"s

...e um...... B..... m...."

um
Hum
..
Munny:
m
um Inha/l
wmv: mnha
'n ma ...m ...-......
II
Bl: um! lmulu:
Samu:
,
w.
...
em
...a
ahh:
,.

wu:

'

um;

m.

,.

a.

um dmnu pmMLy. ...um. .o ...... m..

m..
. uma...-.A rhlnwuu .e]... Furl-dah
mumu-rl
.m. A! mo plumrlun
mmm nun-md | ul! . nu:
. hs mu...r
: nham m. .um... ...um .... .....

mm

"'

'

W,

lgun
'

lh: premir I
Dub
m
um; som: um to the
Tmlny (hey

iu

mmenmcs "uniam.
Du Bnll md Bonum
hem uau-Hed m Bump: u Imll
mm,
Grma, half. Mul
don: hd's-|C hl"! hk: (hsm. h , mnsdculnui of being um Ame
: lw.
profoundly changed by the cxpcncum
-

me
Thesc

um :.m
]nlln
m
m um pmvlnux :hapu ,
fund m m: mesmo" ofuurhumun
uh'acml
&pcnfymg Ihc em
m
qucncd dv: um obvmus stmlcgcs rm
m prnugnnu', "mmm,
place
whm
making
Gcnuun)
m:
bl
bem; by
clacsxcuV mu, wnh m: nulsic nl" m:
blend and m;: Empurby hung mundu, far mm
wrmullnr wer: fully amwlncd n ,, em
sine ,.m ...m m' bl.
roorcdnus um au Iam (lppcni 15 me
from
svmbnhsed m &cmal

changes

a:

..,-1an production, dm me :
mem crau'vc prana (hal h:

mlclulmg w

vi

olnumd mm (.m mngmc Lumplclmg

had ouw ghmpscd while m um

wh
xupphcd by a emm: mccuug wuh :
Sms The smuuhu .s
equal
enwumcred m Eumpezn comum a; m

um:

pi

mn

ups

"
:

":

u, Gu
and,5hoving me uulnflhz Chaincxdankd (a
of my um....
(hum:
me
and,
mms
xczzed himself a me punu,
dcx'clopfdumnmgh
pkycdit through Emixurraighrclwnis,rhcn
runningdnsum]
I&Mamcxrcd um no
cvery known mus: Hon
,
n manu"
'
xm , mm:-dam
hkk'
**n mr guru.? omni!
muy
CIJEEIC "|< though!
made
um: arcu me ; "
hg ma md
1 do n?
mn moment my [
namk can be done, why qu':
me
ohnnymg Dul me zmhmon md
Wii nude up lclcarly mw me way

l,( 3.v'w

[hc :Ilronolopc ohh:

mm which mm

me;

m,

plnved Lhe mou iumum: mme

wenr m the pnno
rm anybody m Pus; m upnmn un
knew. Befom [hem vas nmc
bushyrhcadcd nun mmm (wel.
um don, a big hummm,

.: um: run.... ponnrnud

andmole
muihcrlink mmm Dunulnnd ]olmsoncxcmphfyn
Much
kind
pk'x
Ius bec wnnen (:an bout
urmw
mmm.
|
md Ihc pohncs autumn. These (hemos m vmpnnml in the
the hmm "fm.lm
..y ofidcnnncs und polmcal rulmms bmw
wmeumc ago Tha zm :spcually m
mim ouIhcem
W:nf Mgmt
humrg,
black
the
Adam. hcl: mmzmcnl, london
amu m
ami
laccmcnnand Mussum me the nun: rathzz (han me
25 wc hiv;
um: um long hmmm: nf me umcmmn
mm, sem,
lh. cultural
Exploration
with
me
plonnnn
ofnw mv nmncx
.

"', ? bm" " "M '

'mumu
".wmk
"
(anahi:
o: Du Bons and Iohnson

pcm
mm
.; w
ms
b
ndmmdmg : um,frm" " "' " Th " "
um m ldndfy m| ,u *., flm nami "' Rm'mm' "!
'
Hk
mmm [ M "J "mm
m" ' of
dxmugh me
_

>

Cement and Minimun

um
a " C .

,e

mmm,

b:, Elismgzg

vtly

mmm

types

WM
"m""l
Tif???
mar);
'W! 'um
l'?
?

hummmmmbmmmw'

Sm

mm

EXPEHCHCCS

of

VK

formed when

muy." 1h: pum-u wnrked

bow

hu supp d (lu; emu prmuml um

The (mp: efrac: ;, fmulywhich
tyxxnlsczcknnwlcdgcdmlmmplcxmd.unlm'
longmfyrm mmm
(.Iulcllc, whu
book like leham Wclh Bmw"! hcminr
ou: wsy m (h:
home mm;, Fancy nn dk: borda: ut
mcz hex long-lost fuher m Verme:
Amimmd um" ano entouvucnd in em
Lsk: Lmm, the mon m bc
olwcn'cd tlm by dunas n rhn
nanged ("uma and sister m Hur opa. Hc
a" nm had Mummy uma up |.; [my
opera house m pm, wma
und
fell unable m Maui h arm mem.
on thc mmc night, H:
mld um
Emmy mmy w:
m
m m nudsl nfllus gcmmvc
mmplulml
Hu:
panini
mm. dellrnhl:
lik: : nwkcry." Sum
m.-

rm

um
um mvpumblc mmm "uwrk ml

mmm

mpc

mmm-m

rhe

pau. unmllcu

<A

my; um bozh mnunued patterns [)(ch

dunng Amu and unnupatcd the novel forms nido

mcm and hummm associated mm :onkmpanrv sem: Work

yworkcd ln :nd around me bodies ofWqun, and this called lol spciial
es mm mgma. 1.1 exchange xm Ihurvzgcs mew were requucd m
wmcrhmg "um mau meu bom pomzr u; dimu whose :xpzcununs
(hc
mmm ofmnng. mmm um um apps." at the wn' hm
[um
nfccuuomu. ununnlllr"
have already wmv that [he dciimn: :humnrmucs um; eurlv bmk
in
:mimj .m mmm iuzxczwhly ru Ihc hnmry "nue new world gcn'
: Aluerlu lu mmm, u .. dmcply iru ( m: um (hc ohmwnn
lh black rxrrpuumlllm which mam vm sem/J mn, much o! um),

a "'-r

'4,

whichmwu lI'Du
mmidmhly mflnld In Gey
sm. (.md dm 1x dclmuhk). vm
hmmm
.uu! the ncuchub
through engaguncmmrh

mcg,
uma
the Umled

nnxiuunluy, aml culture

many
[hm

an

&ch

>A

nm nlwuyl

popular in Bcrlm whllc hc um suldymg mm Ihis mx

bed mg mixum ul'l'celugl
mmiombk xclung lh: Du Rais Hc da
Hciurixh von
h: encountcmd Ilstcning (o rh: Prussun qu...-mm.. of
mW-nka ing hnkwizh mc gum oBlsnmmk and .m [mplrum mm.
:
mnuuahm'
autom.-.enemmmm

hmmm

'

Amm-u- gcncalugy

....

ofnnhmuon'i Acwxlopmznml course, o um must

..
.*

ahhcsu (mmc
dmmhcr

Figuras

ix

mn

:;

the "bluR, me um

She .; wa; who

um md

um

ramal:

mm

&

mr .. the
m:),
whn

nu

wu

'

mul:

nllmpud unhll.
mm.
And
mlwcycd
uh:
.n
prumiv:
pleuure
mk.
:wumg
arm. .
m m. "Ncgm" uludrn Uu:
mrlnl
rmlel a(lhv um
"naum:
. Th: um black worm
nu llo dcnd mother, row "
.
wd hw uhmy m : umug: nlunl ctmmnny on me .um-[.
mmm hmmm, whkh na cclcbrnml m m. lhrlln Ind ..,
pcmmmcd mun-mma um
um: [miga nmm'cahmelr,
1
rf'u
in
believe
tlm me All-Im rou-11h -9 m me urly mas:
:. um banumwlul uma m. nuh; the lim ||

||"

":ch

mm

'

ia

pqu

"

"m .

[( mmm hmc, mlns pmm. mmm um "se nd vgh! . mw pmlcgn

ninfeta
(umms m: signnlcd
mim um. mm: sol! animam, Bum
u um
l'ur
siguiiczul
pm::
mm,. m um pamge wu .:.1 muie
wrllnnl
n.:
pmlmm
un
Dn mm lm . dcuvcd m.. mam

vlw ..1 mmm ...| ukm Inu .. ml wma. h m.. ||: mmm (ur Arnm

Ils mumu mm culture isaumrrhing tlm nu Hol:

m (hc l'emimnc [under ln mu bc hymb mamy Mill

Calhmm. grandmurluzl unam

hi lim km:
'. a;
mm,

um

'

hum-m mundi
vm"
;
lcqnexr
hcr kne'
nm
was pau-d un dawn mu
u, Ixrja'ccn
ix
., uuul machu! n.. Rui; .uul gnvc lm hw 'rmcdlncl cum-li

Ihmugll m: mention m' m: other wand 1: 13 ] pculllil' mmm.

Lonkmg al
m.; double :unsuousucss, (Ius Mme
um self
rw m.- mpc um
0115:
mm
through me eves Olodum, ofmcnmrng
mm um km ou m mmm mntcmpl md piky

lv

Indmu, me Greek .md Rumm. rh: Tsuru and

me" me Egyptian
vou,
Mongolian, mg Nego is a um ofseventh &nn, bom mm n
wmld
fhm.
g|frcd kh sim"-( nghz m um Amm'cau uma?
Um
him
hmwll'
m
ms
mm; hlm um [me &:lfwmcmuxncsx, but

mm

(|...ka who Iml nude me lmL'gnly nl'mcul culuu' '(ru

humm mmm ry mma,
..,..gl. rm mmm
um
male farm ambody Ihc lurmuny, ummmy and
um by dusulvng mdivlduulizy mm m: n
of mehr .)

m present wak
[mk lem, lhes: influenccumxi bx: in Du Bank zttemp Hagel's
un m ..
Myrldrhlsmric
people,
extending
Amnican. as a mmm
rhemncal mode which also heim: hu mspuariun:

&

ungiu-

:,

mmm": mm." In um hl- mmm.

:*

mm

ln Spit: nfhii objecons m lins mmm, the influence ufzhex: European

lunar, made a Em: .mpmsmn
ways afim; nee, mon, cultua, md
ofhvslmv, rami parncuhuty, ruim, ami
ou Eu um HD mvn mmm
mmsmun dmw mmmy mn Hcgzlian thcmc. snow; them um .m

;.

um mmm hino . ",vc when rh:

left wlrhout
Mum
md cnusclom
matter :;(lmxed mtu was m...-[md upnn um. mdw
forget
rharmnmmg m [hn m
animam, WAS mcnnned
ms
mim
cfmc gm. Hcmmn Von Tncnchk: in Bc .
mano.. nhnosl m.
he
thundzm,
ru:
in :. flood
"Muuu?
um
m.
[us
bom; into me. although pmmbly |.: had no: mmm
em
5110 it," hc
mmm Wim
Sw fuhkn mn niedngcr'" "Then-mom
Genm?
:onundiuion could mm bc to that (hmmm

.
mam. imu Ih: pudim achievcmenn "rum nu.-un -'.
,
1: n.-mm.: um Du Bom uumbmgl'nphicx um
unam

Iruwhk'h hhulmmml for German n. un.!lxm md du

uu hh: prum" st m .um-ul." pmccded m, um: na G "lu %
h: mnh speculrmng whczhur
clmauu
um
'n
he
pmimy [mmc was an Amcric: (,crmuly the oo _ .
'.
om um mdm "m w. deeply iul'lucm'cd hy mi. M$ ."
A
ununmuyi m todlxuwu me l'nnus uFl'nl'dum -- '
m
, yrhhng n. Ihc organic pzmcr nr..
mm cuHecll .
In.mm (Germn/[MMM um polme and ph]! . A r
.

emm
um

wu

. .

anncdnm'zhmwlrhl
mu
ximu: un Ih!

rw:

&
H'lmnndldlu

'

mmm
m-mmmmaw

-Wmu1ywlmplrhnmmmd
1.
.|.an
,m mmm
uu Mp mn Munn

;?

?
-

mm lmm nl' Lulla

rennnlnhy

Xu

Du Bum ,.

pamnify Hack humm] mamy

mmm. She hmmm in me lim-Age

apud mn ddilcd

bv

putmh nfbluk mm:-i

nuendon nfwhllww
iucunlprchendmu
me
x

II

uns cnlulrc complemcmvl um mulmlln .

[c.. no Thz kmmmlrv a;
wlvu
educami mh]:
ro ru, m h rahnvm
nh

Menj
l
nh: south. k mic luke pcrum likc prlytr.
wrinkledwu ,oym
hmmm! whh
ond quiycnng shm, dark gms. mm md
mwny, wlulc cmd unida",
hhn, vp: cmly: young nnnn-n, huck,
Mack .nnl guy, uma '
hl'rcd Shuu lg hmds, and old hrukzn hmmm
Iiclds, ami up m (h: mh.
and shoulcd God Across me

"111ch

m
thc lah-| M thingx horn xhu
monnmins
and the
Age. song
did um com: from Armh,
nd: of me 25. k as nc Kong. k
n amd
xhhugh the dark thmb md hm oram Anocm emm
frnm Simule
zhmugh " Mid hmmm flum whnc Amai Hmm
howcxer deep these vulgar and uumundmg (nu
and dm! 1
mh] Em of me
had dmc. Nm m du: indies um me ho! Smnh.
nnu
us (Rep and piama nu. song
hczw Wm minah" music
And
and mld appeal nam, [hmm-md
cadena;
5
beauty,
gluz
uv:
seldum ,.ch by nun,
mundcred un [IIC worm ears wlrh a
lmpmvlscd md bum mew um
MM
n Mum and blnosomed hk: hmm,nx
um mtlu
ttxnlm zhz uh!
Dfnn ag: Long pm, :ludwcwmg .an
(na in um md nun m Khnught. murhemcrswhn heard it and nnvcr
wlut:
Thay mccrcd ar .
whn
Aclikd trilhoxc whvze nnnhcmers
npcd
Thcy
llndcrsluod
ind Mum
n hm hnd gm, away; n gm
bin-Md wkhuur um
hand
anUd, . Amen
dm right
md [nm, and nu beauty nulodny n
dlsnllcd lmm the
beauty, ax :lavtry's un: mdcmpnun,
m*s
on: gift m

mx,

(th.

lurhnnrlw umptlng O" museu. Duvey, cmd William Isma, West Ken
: ' ; um: h. n Kvpc mnny hs h hmm m wluch Ius annmupenalum
the Ampnu ochgd hn
Ami-Antena xm developed He Fim
wa; pmdm'ed v nm: whcn |W
nuh bu: cmvhzslm um
m' Amman bucks Acr
! Wi! still sntmng the hakwnrdnzu
could be mmcdiul
then
Bois
bacszrdnesx
(ck
(hn
ng lu Wen, Du
n clxmt md pneu-Jahn polmcal agenda Ihazuewed um... um pm
ofswpkhty and implmd tha: pmgxess. naomi mm palicv, hm rh:
Lould uphft zh;
tuna" moml Vlrlucs advocaizd bv Ihc nlznzed (:mh
[(
i
vicw To be Suk. Dn Em: don
uses, That much muit in dus
pmgmansmwydnwlutllhcb."' Idn hmmm nxmmi
. idzAmcncan
rhc pynxm ;( hr hn
these chnmh m
nun um ((A
ghz w Emcrwn md o(hcr Rpmscnmm: Alucrlmn mmm-u. Howwurkm
r. | mmm Suggest [hai hixwy upa 'oninuml
'
urunwlumny
ol'hlx
::
uniqnc
hmm and powclwlnch ThMar/Lluurzvcll
vhulllumbw f'
example, the 1,3 m
lu
me
pm::
:
of
h..
hmmm
a
na develp;

mg:

um:

(lmss

Th:

of n.; duns?

thmugh
mlId::lllacd Rgluannn ufmnal Lulu-N hm ehmmhmw
Contuld With vhc muller
xhn-

w
(e; (blank mmm m Dh uma nonriicnun hn
wummhL(nl [hm
m
annmn-Amcnmn
1:55 celcbmlorv images
h
Mound
pmnuon hr
kus hmm, Th: nnblgmmx which :pnug hp
gundam-
(mm .ue 1
wmmunhy m
xacml cnhnn, kmxhlp, mamar md
',
crlllcnl wnrmg about hn
big pmhhml ng dumum in the
fmmdzn hmm,, hn m.
lh spne of, mnghxs, mudx ahh]; mncmn
.uul
fm: rh: cultural md sem
mmprchcndl

mmm

wk.

pmbhm "fhm- ph Ban

mmmunily. The

:lvublu-wnuchulmu

mnh! hummm (l!-Ihc mm

lu Munn-Amman uulylu ul'
!.
mm hh h.! memiv: mhmnmhm
I'lulu
mnh nuh-n pmmnn. mvl Wen
nn uu'!- wmk Wmmu

m mn

do

th

um

mm nwny fmm
Illumftamiun ul

chz<nry

ycazvolccs

mmm

w.

r
*

'

'

mu

y committed ph.
nl'Americau mullecmll
.. n uczdlusx n."-mnh

.,

nllcguncn' m hmmy cm

,.phnm loynlzy u. phnumphy, xmhm Supm" um duldw

.
menu; (e dclimu Ihc chhnm hum-hip. um mmm
u Orrhc
mm Cummm ny, hmm: um" .
:mry Th:
brilliant mmc. plnm kimM
.um,
&

&

".

&

.m

um,

.de

pmm'linn nr Annan-hmmm
rymlml gangmpl
n
:
mi; undmunrllng
. rim pnruculility,
u: miam ugly
organic um
;,
hsclfmd
mnh.
m
le
!

:)th

min
pllcc, Hu! 'p. and mmnnmny ' Fm Srnpm.
mm
und plau- [t ixmmcs *culmml Immqun um! ln
mk

:uhunlly nuam ...a spaullly medlnwd mnh-wha-

,.

&

And

him|!

rw amnha huck. nua.

mummm
Luk hm. Du Bom book |.
mn
u . perhmunn'vl.
nnd lnmnullurll
m
um!
mmm-l
In
.Welnnn lullmfwnmummn. und mlnm. Supla |.! rluhr
(-

mmm

'

|M

the culkludrluymun

minny by vmm mmm nadam

pon, hu Ident :;

:|

wma-uhf Imdlclpe which

win
Xm'ung dcgmc: ofdiHn'nlly Su'pm appmcluln nn
um:]
vzlue uk mowmcuz, mmm". und dixplacemem, : meme dm I.
5
Pullm
01 (he
by me
mm, um nm Uxuw car. und the

um

hammer"

cnmgme

,.,

'

pum 25 kg rapa Hmm

pnmmlyasa pmmgofmuuclsmu m..) a rlcscd aum :ullurc.

mmm-m mm's. leads n;... to mmnrcrpm Ihc mm... nf []
Buk'i imm: m the plcasums md Angers ur
puxei [hc mmm of Du Bank mamL- onu; the nucmi] rmnnu. .,
nx
Amaia and hcmbv closes dom- a side of nu um, wluch um mui
.umd mm lmpccung (hc Wurm ol'Afm-Amcnun Iumunm
harder . acount rm rh: umsccndcnl qunmy ar
ms pcrxpccnvc ;: .s
um book's iuul
anime last 5: dmptcn, mm. Stcplo Mcnmi J; .

phase ofuscenxfzhe dual campal-mm in ui Norrh/Smxlh/ mh mmm

w ch m my wmvonhrsamcansmxcadlus: Mmmvc muuugm Imm
mtlm m... vmmcmon m racial pnruculant)

Looking :: , Enal xccnon ohh: mk m lm nhnuccnnzc = n'

quim p mg arrumou ( a number ofthcmn touched nn Ahmc whu h
mumu. nm
md. ucsccndo m these Luz pga. me :lmmg dupla kuuupnmml
zmnfonnannnmd ragmcnuziun onhc mega mm sc
:m- Suulh mw
by and
mmm in the amount! ufDll nms iuumcy (o bc rad
mx Invel; mm Mm nupommz, dus pan nflhc bok
a 4 [ml
[mr
rm, lh:
m escape nn! um nem the South or even na... Amma
closed (um oi [mv fonsmmng Cr mmm. undemmdmg chqundry
Thix 15 must pammm convenci m Du Bazs's :(wuul on" ...(m
ma.a Chapter mumwly alema by uma m llns moving mas n:
deploys m: manu; mmcuhr a: ; dchbcmc mmc Dul wii/mg hnld nr mc
dunc panly m (M|F!
y ' 'r
mmm :ngcdv mmm .. pmnml
llu:
m dcmovmxm the exten: of black humzmry :u' Mmc drlucd m
Bois mrnx nce
bumbum um.-m dommanun,
m um qu
m."
m
nxdmnry
huck mk. Hw hum"
m': nm ainda (hc mm em: um
uma cmbcllshed
mm
cxpclicmcd by [um
by
cxplornnoll of
colucs
mmplaced
." um:
nzcllccmals who sm: m
up :o the dcmand.
um.. um.. by .
(|m
mumu: Ihc em,
m IM
em countzrcultun wma r&quucs nm
uu'
a:
ncqukv
lhe
e
m
am mh md ser . nunk; whm: um
Indll'l'emncc
wurklly
m
:uumc fmzdums unsullrd lw wmm hum y md
rm."
mn;
um
bum
Mack suchnng. Nm dead. um
um
u.
um
mu,
*

m.

mm

gy-uman-

mu

by-mguiy

Meawmnmfwtm their
..
mar glam. hour. Thu
ww moment. Du Bom pmcnmlun ur Alexanderme
Crum
: ram;- [n me :hnplu wluch mom
wnm m m: cn
., uh nou-Holman knnhlp mm!
mmzrhiug
nm.; ..,
mm
Grumman wnl ycr nnnlh=r Allnnric uonmd. bm wrm
nu
.rd pngmnage" cndcd m ::
rcnnn m und rccnnrlllld
na em. year:
glam] .md
spent m
Mm," 'um :!:uinnrlan'" .
me bouluhnci nf the mm muay/mumu nm
mwinn, mnh
.

lug

ur Jnhn." um

um

n.-u atury mm mm.; nu link"; Euu]

n..- xurruw
15 uombk inf
ou
m ...um"; xmmcncu dm m
mngs,
m
[mmc umdnmm "...m Much
Americam LM, Ihc causam"
unhnp)
, m em. .l-lwucemen
ny
m m um;: whu gnu-rh
lu hcncl'mv Hm ,; m lmhnpplncs,
hmmwr. um (|W
um ihrgom"
me hr gs bom pemmx
&sz mmm | : mlmv
no [w;m.. (
pn Mm
um cmd cum": mn could bc mnha
: the maul gmup, II nllcl's : Wmning m members of K |thqule
[hm they num b:
(mmm: and rcipcnful ahh: diffemn: senswluh
Priunn'es uhhosc people in mm mm mmmuni es whom (hey hope':
, (o eltvm
hem communncs luv/< special and .ummmcs unmaxonablc mx ES'
In the wmkgcd
mm; m me diz: kw, but um token clnadon m..
,. um Wigmfu nr
4 svmbnl rmm- possxhxlxty
ofchsngc thn as amnmcnnx m bring Menus .um. The canservarsm
ahh: rum! Madi
becomes cnlrcly
|| dentnndnhl: as w: S:: ]uhrfs inahxlllv to speak
llllguagt
lack ufzase m m: World hc Mr
Em" mr; c.! cr to
muy in me North. Hc
charge
(ums (o um
of the In:.xl schunl
mm
R,;
lux
m
mm..
ge...-mc; um;-.,"; but m.;: and ; nos
m: mmwm [um menu [us mm a! xhzhmdmm bmh mob after
"mg m pmrccl hn )nungcr
me Izwmom
unuc
ufunorhnr luhu, .. +. bomm pnymm hn & .lho
m: son nf
g: who mm Ihc wgrcgzlcd mmmumn' uizh
afim nm

bm

le

mm;

pm

1.1

mn

mm

mm

nconvlucinplyKmm|micxmm: um" no ; uwu

apenenm m Kerr

hu pm:-wmv. (llmmry
nrwmm mm. m n
a...,
wlmv ha nua |.! :ucnunleml tm while nammkc, am Iuhu
mm

an

tum m. ama.-yu

rh: luub um hn com:

&

nuh mm
:o'm
ln
Gumm!
"em: dur-hauld
.

m
bnde mm mmm:
ful ubxndc [o me mort ulmrwcmr'm apprnpnuuon- emu nom
m

Inga,

n'hnplcn mumu": .] cumlnuue ohmblvllcnce

Taken [Dgzwr
ruslnnnn Mm rh: vell :;me mmmumm, ']hcy cmupdn In My
Alucl' nn md Ammgmtcmcul of me zmnsgwwxe rqccnun of both
completed
Du
un.: mmm! "mol,
n
American na(mnahxms nm gem
In m.
DuSanklsundclscmcd
DM Pvmmx Th: value ofrhis mdmg ol
appmpd
mulcd
wuh a
way m: book endsfon dclibcrauly mun num
"And m: mmm
Wenn
Chcev
mmm.
m:
mon "rd wm song:
|, Way..
guds hnmself, und ms hn m- (ov-zzds [hc Mummg, ami
me nn1. uukc em, a; "uma Wurth
The daemon nf tlm inumey,

um

g.

nol' snum um

mmm

er

mmm.

ma

m m

m ,m m
Adcnnfmd

ms

num"

mmm
renda.

The bank ,; divlded mm (em pms Th: nc, 'lluc mmm mmc-x| |.;
Maha-mh nBwodpur. mm.;umnv m
(:hirago mn;
11ch The nav'mlwe
phases m rh: lile oanh=wToxms, : uudiul sudunl
Mathew :; m ng m Humpe, having
npcns mm a unmmmuc crossing.
hmm unable, hkc mmm Dlan p.. msk prulc sw! a! Harvard, ru
?:
complete his u-nmug m mrsdlcme . .. Wnim mmlmion. lr not long b:na.
Ihre hc bem"-cs rh: pmnwpm um [unem upping Im m. ou
by
lh: "em m piou-il - mmm
num deu um". Kauscd mm J un
v.! mention] ur m nncnum wlmw
l'rmu
m:
u.
columna woman
knmlly- ur
|.qu m Inu: wm.
Mnhr

1,de!

um!)

'

love

*u;

rm,

m www,,

'l'lc smppcd

us qmrkly
hc snhm begun, uhmad. md Imdl o!
a: ganhem! un
mmm.
Amurln
mim, 'Um voice ul'z (mmm wonun hrolw lr. n vm
."
slave wng! [ know xr Now.hw wundcn'ul." A chnrul
nfl
pum-u um, lcd by Ihc Egyptian.

'

(n me (su

Anmum,

Gv Dunn: Mum]
Wuy law" mm
law"
Tri! om PI:/mnh

mmmmcsur

ubngmgw
ou: chamem: m Damm! unmy w
u
mczvungful
nnly
mumubc
morr Amam mun-WM
.; m wmpathcuc. Thu (o m; mmbmatmu
pm;.
m'
(mmgm
qllzcr
hardly um":
tak, ofsocml mans, amt qualnr mmancq .x 4 (Muum:
ganda

casa

um eam-n hmm-nan Dom AM: lunmjl

armam

ully lulm
um luddlm uma" m : numa pluu.
im-axu"
'uxm, Mam. sm" .
um. much u: me nuprm nFWyndhlm Lewin. vam
the duubtm with : clockmpping mndmun of'
wc um" mmm: mls 1: m: mnmmr when me

pm

mmm,

um:

Mnnpidc consxdcmunn ofwoxk L,, mh" M'xicsn'Ammmu wrim

rm... mm inn-recuou.
opel! m,: nxamilutmn f me uma! xssm ms.;
mclnng
and the phnnsopny
pol However, (Ins : (ml
luodcmlxm WM
in
a, canon of
sumncm (o szcure us place
ften pasxcd m'a suma, nr Mamma
pnorlv un puhhcanon
a
b Album-American mms Funux Brudenckxcmmn
handlmg ofthc marmil
Du
u gtnrmlly dmmsm' "mmm
(11de from phumgupluc
pmmg um mvlewcy for the um

unly m Isa nil'mkuf ny'un Wnim, 'who

Ium!incondudzrhlschapwrbcxpluv gxhcshnpcthcwurguluc .
rmmvrv"
ndmdry and pum-Iam mk: m um Mwm, m: mz;
em
hm
book.
fm'cumc
I'ymmxwas Lhe suhycn
um D.. Bou dzsaibad ;;
um Who
umd iz ... m im.
kom
lung-fwgnncn
mm,

ou

rum-.

::.d by nuxcmiw,mu mey da um uk: kindly em." m du:

Amuiluuu nr (" her mumu:luclmmnm.11mugh lhry try nu
:. me gives Mitllrw ; "num" un behnll'ol'rhe column.
v m Amu-im zml esmmish Hulu wnn u
blau palma! und
[,
muvmg
n
plannvd
cmruny
upa-mu H m
[Minh
um
insular lmllclllu um; uupmsmm .md mnmmmdmmm
uu Brum-k Amcrimnl m oiu mm mm "mind .
lu ncia] submuhuriuu.
mm- m m. Unlud exu-uu'
in |: "mm-emm hm nel-Ily
urklug bin
nmv
range
rk. he become: & Pullman
Muuu
lWll'T-h
mma
mm know nm
.
Neme-arm

4a

":

Im-mmm

mm

blink/am
Mlnull mm:-. me Gumm-.= lenda
whhl
m
nuvem-w mm nttlllndfewnu
mu

mm

lhewuullymmlh

mlllcmlmcuubnmkerllelmualllupln

Duek On:;wlik
orsm. Me
.
.Thuynk:
lu each olhar! bndlu.
plen'ur:
H:
..,
gm to Wrk. Sllc
lrcy. 11er mnlgmxlw hm: dou
um End liwnur Wllh m: ml
,wlle uma um d plczulrc : me:
ln l:.-

& mrd anhzfvrylc iu dem wllh nn unclnthcd whll: warn!!! who

:
cllscs him arm-ul hamsslumr m hu lu [( wmpmnmnt. n fellw pu:(CHS Iyncllcd m
Hc (mends un ls lcl'ncu ami
md
ngm m cmpv
Klux
me
uamhmd
m
Khusmrn
dmmcnou
"flw
nfl
un :llclrwny
gm;
m & :onvmuon, lmly m dlscol'er lm lm bclmcd l'nnrcsl is
; pnmnw
on me uma um. Th: Slaughter IS Al'lld, Imr Mnrllcw, wlmxu role in llu
plot
mmm mysmnmh and lllrdelimzd, mms :! mwm cculencc rol
Compl cy. He ls pudoucd nftcr mmc lean when Ius cnc become! um,
um; (o me Clumgu pnlmcal Illacllme lnmnngrd by Sam Andrews, Ihc de.
vmux, clcgmt, Mwm: beam-l for Whom ml: world-laugh unam |.
a mall stumble rol plzcc and povmr and &Imw Hc
um
mame: lm
hummm & gmmng pollrcal Gamer for him H: gladua grows um!
ofrhc corrupnon arms world m & w llm
clues umanll
gm lmpmnm
Du my: own xuuggka m dllfmnmxc, me good
(hc
bommm
fmlu
&

mmng
"Clubmwllll ltllnc! und ]::ch Th!) luvemrds Il5kcn
lo Baumol/cn. Dvonk,
'Iud lllcir ben: cuun nl" um. [hc
mcllm: m Wllhclm lcll,
humm] m pl.-um llltr um, Together lhzy hummcd mm
Illz
music alter me "onu. Kauulya lL'JIl Mathew
lm privileged lll-c
mlnulnl lmrld. nrlhc Ellgllxh
nanny 5h: loved md llcr pmpml
finge I'm! Captain UK Hounllnblc MalcolmDad Shc
her myil nbllgnnom nd duna und tells h unucue
lmtl the story ufhcr
:. lmy nm makex
m banks continuous mm mn sxruggle:
ha
Amman!
lek
me
m
made a conuibunon They
,n unrll
m
"me Yung szmgthntll ufrcl'lunuauon lcadx
in
l

uma. l

'

gamc hE Wu playlng. Il
csthezic lhsqluc! No. me mol- slowly
nox mom! mvulk. n
gmherug m
mui against the polmcnl gqnu' as not nlumL
iz
7x nm (Im IIc djmmd nylllng pracdul fnr hl! m llpllft lr
mmm, nr felt any nm mvulslun agalml political mulwdx m Ihcm
IVC; as long as power
s powcr and facu, facts Hlx mnh W.
agamr (king; unimmblc,ll1 ldlusml m bm
um. me lllngical [mk nl"
mldamcnml hanuolw; me unncccsmry am and W.!Cflhc llglmm
um guiam revoim] him f

Mmc ..mas m min [br mmc culmul

J.,

mm,

ind mbmo mllcr legmll

m me lm mkcrs umou. She lm hm organ
in

Waumxx,

me Lower

lan-sm Tllc couple

nest. Machu).

duns LD mun
[.

Wow

; ix

me

sol] ... I'm-lc:

kum Counlqug-luln
:nri ') by plzm: for wht h: fail; zu
ruim: unul me lan null-lille
own wcdlling. Th: ltpmscnmhvu ohh: colnuxed
ofdle world
by the prexcnce
mumu. though [hz pmccedlngs donlllmtcdnas
musimlk child um links
hmm-ln md call [herdouln (II:
um gmcmlion l)!" mnfllus .lgnnsz Ihc global roms nf
The couple mv "mim at dawn Muhux mulher looks
hmm blark prcnchcr lead; from the
. ll.
o[
mmm

:le

m um

lm .le

(mm

um",
l

wluur uma.]

(ml wmkwolldcn rm hlm mo, Funicuv wlwn cmnlmlud wul, Nglllnr

Kuurllyu Im been
vim .., the

,:an

ldylllc

kn xmpmve Kalullym

hmh densmns in me
the
duty
wl,
m End sumble
mu
d. They
pm .m-i wnu'nul: um llmmacy bylcncr Mahal"; sceuc
Mmica unnl ht ls summenrd
m arlcnd hcr court. mmnxlltmcd
till (mas ou Amcllcan

hum "palm m nltll'

u|l m
amam.; um the dlglllw nl' hard mmm-l mu whkh Iln
_cz

(hem mmm.
Muhcw
um
nbllganom
"um:
Im
m Sm, H: shmlld

Ile'w

and unmnnllal mmm-uy ln

um iusuhsunnal, depthles; mm. H: (ake, (cmg: i.. m:
.umlc
m
um Ius unmlnvarell pomlmgry, and manwgmhlung Wife
tamem. lm mma: nem me pursut ol ml.-ney .um plmw m
when a: hlnzcss mlku rtdcmpmrz
mppemm: . hu m'a. Sh: Inu
been bxmdcmng lm queenly cducnlcn b,um!. as seumllv llmml

um um:: mmm lo her kingdom, Wha:

nlnuixuliun
Struggle:
her llong

mama

um.

KAlmly:

um,

,her naum (Ilana: m Im': lmn lu lm new gulw of manual lab-yum.

mol: mma mmm hlm agzmst ml; pollucnl

mn

.;

,
.

mw her ihr, slundlng

m: g;": them ll (hc end olhc long
home.
ml by the old bladc mchcr ul] nd slmdu form hk:
ying Willow. Shu
wa: dressed m u.: :axlem
le, ml in cair
wlrl.
mg,
n mmc un m lupa. A; III: neuem h:
um
Num-l
nn Im mk and :lrmx' kugk mmm
l:.-ww" !Ill
Iam-ty 0!"th hmm, blood
mim lwlghcd
lllcrllll. msiuma Illm lwuwu nh! ul'lm wlll .l ..lnlll-

hmmm;

mm

um

m.

ch

mn
dcnly he xcuszd

%:

&

Bundle un lm du.
; [mie
Ius mnh-d :ycx dawn Fm! her Ihc: ind
um lay upon har hm; hk palpimling hanhh-

": by

ufgold, men,-'
7h

llus

tmnvagmcu.
mrral mon; poinu to hz Mod horn
"[th mofD/lvl
black Ahhh.
the
ric;
nnhn
hmpnrrim to
po

Mucuri:
conchmnn
ofl'ulr
uc n numerous nm;, Rem as ; begjnmng mha than in ending, n
is
cspccmllv
mmm hmm
nn "1125: oflwhn'duy md mzmmixzum that
mxmIve; Muaval.
cnh-ml
hun...
(lm
eu
ground
lhe
mggesuon
n gwts no
wmpn'on, of diludon. Th: xmnhng pomar ufprocrcmunculnnnl summon and uansfvmnonAs mnstructcd so um Ihc mmgrl
This [|
nfbmh ns Lnbumncx mumu! uncomprnmixed hy mdf confluemz,
Ohm) hmm.
not (hc fumou nftwo punfwd (ssences but rathcl : meeting

m,

mhel
es um m yxeldmgthcmsclvcx up to mh
gcncoux mulnpl
nroublcd
anurcolnnll
wmerhing durable and namely appropriate m
picanha)"; mmscnnn, Ihc Antena-tui! nn
um:
ou: de, wim m:
clhum mozilla represculv
zh: wzcncd old wommwhn bore hnn
betraymg us Amam
blend
whhmn
black
nnh
Am
ing
Amma um call

mm

n'

hmm

Indh nm.
ong'ns On the amu, nn :qually ham 'ultunl, campo;:
in
and
mhgmns
gruups. Ir the nuunif
nom D.. Bcis'x mntage chthmc
irndhluble CDmpery, wlncn
mmmnmon of thx-s: mnmphchius.
summon; the new :svxlaunn md: cnnutt: in (h: ppcumcc quhc m
snuc bon him, m; n 5150 xutcmsn'ng because n annpzus um! ain:
global pnhncnh Klzunushlp um would Hamish m Marun Luther Klug
appmpmlion ofGandhi's (unirem: and method; m the elaboration ol'll
hn
111 in the
ycan :RCI Du Buis's dum, Tl;
man, non-viola! pop
pellucs nd the dcwelnpmmr ol'Afnzan-Amcrlc
hmm ann-colonial
early n
puhum enim 15 an .nnpunnnn ou: dm mnha; buk into :hn
'
(mn'
a hwy
Gzndhl
Bm: nna
m um
ohh: zwcnuchh century nhm Dualongsulc
Anni: um, (kom Simwul
in &nnh Altina) mk mui: plaies
Khz 1911 Unmml hu _
Wuner Somban, nd Eudiuaml Thonnics n
Wall
m kum/tr in
Conglcss in London rhn .; :- Nsmry w: wuuld do
Im
of
emma
when
today
me
mniding
nmenw
War
Kustxs
Kl
Lm obsxiclc m hung whh dimmm: Tlmugh we muy mlk
com
.
&
'
mivc clurhusinsmx for the rn,nm xrlsmcmy u n nual: fhr

:th

demomu hnpcsulhcworl'snau-W
upu'inlisr mim:! win

im

manu. [humm-mm.

um mmamlng (lm Dn naum

um urhc nin : book cxprw- lh: hmm: uhud'lmpclll

mm.. nh: wan. Many While nnhnnun Human m mu hu

.
&

hw:

'

..

,..
-

um lw nhown m mark mmm ( mg:; m Ihc

uu:
politicl ecunnmy ofpublishlug black mmm 0"
nllluml palm md
.e ou: hand. ; mlnliunxhip wnh Ih( 1300er AhcMonlh Club, wma,
ubluhcd Num Samva- nu llmly nw phenomenon xm & nham-m
pprach tg (lw culmml
anme || smc-y. 0" (hr. adm
his
place
nd,
work

.
m the mmm poluical
a
0 pm cmmu

Without the Consoladon of Tears:

Richard Wright, France, and the
Ambivalence of Community

mmm

mm, m dcpxh nfmr mic uhhc Amalia

,.

um

umnhuFanhz'sworkmumuWluEmdelmrcwmdd

muwmu.u.,u..uuu
um
u.,
Wu
W
um
uma

um um um um mg... me
"um

uuuulmu
.u

.a

uu,

,.uu,umuu

ud

um m.
. W
m

uuuu, u,.u u.

uu

um
,u.
(AK, hn mk ngm um um um
n me
;;;mkt
mmm.pmphum hmcnnriun. ]nvmnh
m sims; m mmao-m,:
uu yu .
uu
ou.
.uu. uu um um
Buu
,uu W
Wu,.
made
ha:
|:
thus
Hc
pm: lar a wrk m m
umd
:th
.

Ad md
; .nummm,

mmc clcgur

mmm

[mn I'm! 54:1va

akilianons and dtmluds amt fear

projzction ofangtr
new eaw: posxlbllmcs and (hmged me
u.
Fm
rms in which the um] pm.-m ahtcmrvcxpwxxmn um
muy nm mumu, Wrighz's mk provides ; usam nppwnumly
nwconsldrra
on (, sxues msm; from the mlsnnnslupufhhckx
, mend
modernity.
mm wz can uplmc, vn (in-urge Kun;
'I'luuugh
u.. wesrcm
. enxonbl: phase,
"mams and the adunmw ofucsttru mumu"
glu'v wnnng mdf, hv. uzcrmuuml mreer as pubhc figum, Im pnlm'v
;.1 (115
dfbatcs um (hey ..u gcncnwd rnile u num
mw, and m:
1 of me (hcmcs tha: hm:
mm been emmmcd u rh: wnrk nrmhm
d in amem hmmm :imumsmnccs Ihc yrobkm nh'lhnlc md nelll
-1<
dial-knee wiLIJIn [lu
md zhur hmm, me slgmran , mm
SL, m: dcvclnpluenz
puxam, .qu lhe Wnum md pmluwphkal
black
of
zmcter
:..me
lack mmm, nue

amami.

um

legacy ,; pc.-uu, mumuing

hmm |: Im mn
gm mtclkzwnl
mlsundcrszuod The deplh m Im pmlmuplml imemu Ius

muumw

bu

II:

.uma" uclunvuly nunry

um
mmm em; mmm. Hw mlnllnlullip ur
no
lc mm
wnm'n uma" w. sumuhing um exercixd him
pamcula 'dunng me lm yems ol hvi Inc And
.: Fuclm
anm
.. mu, &
hg um Muuu, m |. Me and work, me lcmun Iverwcm me ultimm 11parniuhnryunune udg and [he appeal nfthnsc mudem unlwmlap,w m uunmnd nfs uu [hc other um; in me Alllrpcxl poulbln
.md (lw mummng furmi ufidcn.. ul. wnghr- um uflhix upposlunn
much urmmpkxuy mu!
ly m Wim-n u [lugrp- dd:

em; avisam m mxsmnceivenl

have dnminnzcd
quuics

, eu

EM E

w.:

Runa

um.

k?);vnn A:

the
cmminly zhc mui: humus blink mumu In
vem later, he Wa:
unprcculclurd um
um H.; work enloycd n glam mmHg pubhc ora.,Imgkuguxind
nuh
foi blank Author [( was lmmlmcd inm uumcmm
v.. um mulher Unum!
sum m n
mg ekpcenrc o! mm mbmdumnun
..qu umd: Anurizau 'mm hmmm-. um
period when
mm blaikmmulshm .chmum Ihey
um pm: mm.-gaupiumd m |nall u..- .., mumumury
.nlmlnir-lmiun hy urlnl lumr
me um..... .um pnuuiux
hall: lu u.
mumu mmmmnu m (hr Alunlcnn wwnrnmuu.
w-uk

a]

um

.x

'

um: nptn pau

mm

pur
RKCHARD WRIGHT wu
Guggcnu'uu
Htrc<cncd
: mw"!
1
qu123;
Tfinhoug
mmm mmm
.um ruim
vm
m
me publicam," nl sz'vr
mu
&ch

mma h: ulnknghl in name andhis1an

rol: m um
impnmme ., um bound up mm
ping, bmh dmcdy and lndsmuly, me talent; o(a cad): O(yhung wnurs
kind of

ha um (um
mansa on his own: Hc wu m stm: ; nzxv

mc lirt Hack wrkcr m

nx whvch

Wright! hlsmnczl

New

mm,,
penls, Ankh-m (mm mn
sum":
Em
md m: nfEumpc, .um me unnemxmn'
m
Ncgm
nncumucn .,. the 0.
m
Amman
ok
Aumu um um ks gm, m:
Wand
M,. mm;.
naus,-meu '.nlouhlc

um:

me Imer fwu um um
pmmblc fm Hummm,; .! mm Europe vm undcrgmund, numh:
1: Wax

immuom comum!-iu mnvemtnz

cx.[prum

shuld da

<

m
upou mz num-o mmm
& WP m. whuhhfmad
bm: um: nnly .|.: (mun.
mdlumvs
"
I'm
um
um. rm mw m mw um: um

mmm ww:

mmm-nm

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:"th

Wlldmunz.

'lh: rum

mm mun-mmm um

prcw

l'

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,
mu
nlellllv:

m his .lllnklng whmw u

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earllzl

mgglc

4.

lr!

,
...
cnuunmlc uplalnnn mdw .
Amcncnm (mm mm ,unlculnr
mlvbzl. uuLl-mpllhllllf
Tlm :nzhu m hr an :lvxcrgnllt.
Ihr
,:
pum

maquin pohnci

xulmimw

l- Sueli m
slmpl:
mn nor ul'blmk;
m Amcn' Hc mim m um

mmmumem m thc mugglcs

the
Amman manila! l..

..

the bcglumng

nf 'n" (mmm.

K-hlnm hlmubbccl
"W'?("d-mmrd
lwmhy

'1,

iimscpmdhlc

me
um, nfpmples of mlmu un mnh:

cwrvhmiy ml
while folk: Anne
like algum ullwan- nm) llum'

bm fem rumam )ealx um

eanh fuel hke the) uma human,
klcked 'cm mu,-lll andcalIA-d )(! names

.ch

lvlv.u's.l<.lnnu um
plgmih
um lll luck .m-l
hit: man Chlnerhlnk Chmamcm mm
WJSh :lokhcx Wlm'x a lllllllu
hn am'l fit fm nommg but to cook md
lmc mm ghnsls mul knscs mm
rn :| W man? A lgg lw; m
WM
An
zpe nude by God ul wl
What's black man w 3 hm: nun;
A Mcx' UU
girls
and dmvwalcl, md alwavs mm a um zo HPC Int:
and mg.,
A llaw, mnkillg (. '.11 who nught (n bc Wnrkcd m um
IIIUnkAC) wilh
A
11)an kw? l Christ killer, a (lit., & m, A npllww?
Mars
HS
Hm hkln
.NoW nur colored brthers m vls'lllng |"!qu
thu While

wso

anm

(al devclcpmenl aflllodcm sonen'dcmaud m.

'
l
*

ou
Wuhan mmm bclml (lszxlgllr'< undcmmmug humm pmgmu
whlch Du lm md ,um-mu, wu
m mma .lmmm lm, m." m
sharply wuh me older mm'ml.-Jl, Nlclnclmn mclmazmus mnmm
pcl'lbcnblliry by mulplmnh
humm mmm-m nl ml- mmuu ul'smlal
wnrld lwyund
m..pul.mlv "mmm "ll-lm, 'l'lmc ...|uu vmmu on
numvly
u um nu
llu- lua|V nl mm.-ul,. Imac-l wl rukmr |.- l." ml
_

"""'
""

'

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d '

with brown lmlonuu

Amb-. mu humm
l

"Y !le Fll! round

WKII

.,,

ya
all

smlm. muml m lluddlllm. um um

kumuud mluu cxpcli Ice nl' hummm" ulmlour
ecded
.. 1. ml !hk') lu.....l nm lduulngy wu um
m

'?

'

um.

Madme. "Imunlgi,.
lxy

l- mmplcd

me

Inu-=

ul'l

pnliriml

mlyux.

,.

"

lnllululhl mode thin Ivllllimd lhe lllplumlnl vrllhr

lm um hc lu,-.|: whll lHI .. muy lucmber. ww" mnh: Nuno
||ch & mmphnnm : hluurlml and mx .] mmlmmnn wlm'lll wu
ugly related m um lnsrllun'on of "em
um whish x
;um,
Exed
culmml
'
hinlogical
4ch m no
nmlhnlelwmmnn ''th'
nr
Ihr: wm Ncgmlu Amulel
ya yull
kunw
nm
.
mun:
um:
.

:'anurllinllmicnlmulmmc
4

lilym Ml.

l.
,

,,'_

I.!lnlueihlng

',mlym
' ('
nrlglrr'nxhllcwilx
. smex'Hl-m
A;
|

um

"P. mumu

*:*; f" "Il-mudam -.

i mmgmn
[mm]
Mm
#1"? l.-llmrfuuded md '
FWHngIxAmnfincn'
cv
""b Wt-w lx
un.-THIN
Im mm;MCV: |K
.um me mm,.lllnxclwhu
'
,um pel-mw
mmcMARSA'I'IS'mz/klgl
Wc

'

um.: mvrld

bccumcmnre ohheucnmmon.dumlmudmmcm'l'hcwlmnnunlnp
m
.le xhumlllalnly
prum; people rhcwolvld own: unnnsflllylw ulw
Iulnmll
hgllrmg
Iur
also
m
ii-112221301 cnh m Dppalng uppnmml but
"

lhc pelpl

Woukylru L'Dllml'led mm

,
Wm-

Mx, lg 5 *.ltillg m ; pmuc '

Mum _le
Th::.lmchunpnlntwssmlvacdlgsln,lhlnmclnuullcummwnlrm:
mild-ml mmmmuml, m !rtltr hc sem m Pamlu N=hnl m
fm
physlcnlumcmmohhcwrldlulcll:hlhclllsmrl
Thcclnngmg

.]

'

am
::
mmm; [mullers um appears
mu: urwnlll
no...
mmnh
um
bm
over mha, sum m
.le
mudem mim |]
Chlcagum Chamma mm ; pulam commcnury ou
fmmadtcldcdlvnnurrlhnnccmricAmmannl'lhcpnmlHI

and

mw,tl
'""""mmmnslhlrhy bmmm:
Fur.
"'-V WW" "''? while muy we:
, ''

annual-fun

lel m.
ulssmllAlflhtmklulnfln

number ..r

5le
launched,rmmmplmmlmlmmmuusd

mmm

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mim"

li

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nm.,
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,um mes :Mm. MM,, um,

v

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Em mun-mm "|
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195
mlk,
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mhlicnrllulnou-Ilcdun

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lx In me um

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nlrm by Which. unlly

lullv
algma.
n u

|" MWM|. mr muy

um

I.,,

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n skuated in the

meu um amam
mm m (hc m urwlme faz-uw:
lmlnu Mw
[mmc

mm

1947 and

bnscd

Europe Gu

th:

.
.

Em]

mm

.ography

|<

faleachh

as ius

mvurunz. thuuuh rc .

rurlauun dmIanhx [md: :uhl him m

the cm... my
mmmph fm um: withda
.; Ihc mluz
[o gu, "

want
muzh

mm em

mm um

,.

md uuwhercclm

mm
arma: mm
Ihc

nucmpts r.. .um

mm (hm J sem, mmm
av
Without

mm

na
www"! mv
. cm,, roodcsincsa mtmamc

ofWrighz'scondusmns.[htcmxposxlblc mm llmlxxlynkwurkaxll-l
wlnch rm uma em
cmnucd 'cmse m nlcmumml hcrmcncunm
modennly, identity. und mcir
rm, upon anhrs them-mx bum um,"
|mlume.BldtHzm he
mrtrxelanun lnmemseuhhcmmkcmurmcrs
nmallnvllh
pmdum delvbcmrc.llulunmcly umuccmm,.xuempuo
uh wnrk urugmnlhls mude-Mu wlhmdm<mudnu wnh um um

hummM .umlym,
Www. mu

lui

Fui: in

ul"
'; maio,
bom.
ku Indonesia,

lecn'puu,

poha

problem, md bemme hlarpomlcd mm ms Incracomnmv

(m m: minc ufweslem clvlhxauon, [hc relanon ohmdmon m modcr

..
nd um das dividem I'omd upon colam pcopm by the Handy,
mn'suc processes ofmipgrul rule,
Wright .: imponm to me menu argulnem ohms hook hmm h:; hfz

uszkuzesmolcnmgmcnnqpanofrhc hnmlyuhh: inrnnuinm] mr

ami pondm movement known hmly and mnd<quarch by thc um
Maman Thumoumem,likerhcMrkslavnrymgmmngun wma

'was hum, challenge; ow undcnmndng "hmmm pour pn- .ch [ch

iz
omnom rm. (lw cnnlimng :(ructllmx ohh: "um)" me and
m thuulmmum
mmm-mxm qumlcs me pririty MIM?
mui
soclomglcrll
cxjvhnarinnl
cultua) win-mu:v !
and
huloncal
nr min)

manu

Ale-nh In

md
nyx, m mnlullnmry :. mm m
uslvcly "murisca" in pubhxhed .. oums arm: mtcllccnm] and
dwdupumm, Wmmg lhruugh .um .lboxll um: |oumeys

Inxnphma]

mm um
publu', who looked m
:
mn
Wonknhatmuskhavcscrnwd csownc,orwuhrhoscn .cwlm MSDN
by [m
semndnnh
bv
Hmm,
m;
pnmmw
u delimd
huwclfv
[omdsaswlcnfwnungrlmlIhmmllmd
Hu
[um
m;-hmmm
mm b, dcphwmg me um.
m
uplomunn md Ins emngcmm from his
pnmpaw hmmm . "mm-lv
mas guise hzs zw" bem dlsmssmd bv
George Kem, .m m
good journalism though a good mdw Ewn
&
mm..
.wa booku
s' mm and um mm;." mmmuuumrcm anm,
("mm
um ..r
by saung dm na pcrsomhrv bchmd me pum tangs
zh
'
bright, bm www/hat Snipplih chzcm xmms: ru hmm-mimi?
n &
bm.
(m m: mmm anlms
mmm " | mu (Q m duunmzmtc um,
muy ham hc , gmml
durmnld
pcmpum
vulucuhnncal
m
mmm lmhc
wmunmcs mma
through um mesmas. um homclcssnesx, um
pprtunity
to make mw nn
" .c
"und
Mph mmm mdancmcm arumar-1,1. Wu 1950
Braun; m

.de

hm:

hMcu.5parn

w
m. lvmnum:

mmm

buoks ul'mkawc
um
nm
ang
Lmqucu
1gnmcd.p.u'lnlusimdluduul
m Hummm,, uma mulm
&. ch um with [hc huck Amerie-n
In
m,. nm- hm n, nw-mn Vain
im milcctjon Uflhtw
arc

,.w.,

Im
|. mpi: uppurtulmws mmmnou on varreu; hmm-ml, smucgw. and

xm
anht Icft Amcncrk m
hc wu
nf ms Me. APMI from 1th Cumplen Mount)",
m ; mmm
zmvd

erm-

nur
bv
yeh ul'ximc h,
mama, as three huudwd
nnyicldlng
rcnmiucd
bnundanes
m:
um mmm. mun, ms mmefa: hope um dmh Aginst .
m:
m

bypupul.":lmlmtlonnlmd
anlllAnm nrpmph.
(enfim, wc uw. mxlumul m (lu: Edlup

"em

the
lnndSumh
sem

me mon mm.-m:

um

mmm

mcnuoncd [hmWuigluwauuwelymvolvcln

Mum.

in:,mc journal(hamlmmpmdmbn'ngmgcdwrlhcllnklniol'AMouu
dAfhcAniszs mm (harofAmunuu,
.. and .umpenn Mun-:
emmmlglu
sunilmmcs
and
bc nemllleully A
um,
dinmmn
[ao um
Wright .s an exempku'y gurc ,., M.Shmg m mm
, mod".
E
became hc Wax :: Xephisnabtd md puccpuvg mmm
f mms. ,,,
m;
mlthlly zon?
' me mmmumsr
Was
af
um. Hu chaque
".onan
um
um
[mm M,."
man,cu
mmm
,,W
BMW,
Hm selecuvc apprcplmmn Mwm zualmcal 10015 comme mrh
As
lelcompmmlsmg dcuuncmun of the um...
m mm;
ru] suurmm 'mmd by Ih: will poWerr mnmbumd much t hu
pum mhmon um: pam m' ufsocml perccublhtymd pmngSf
least m me avcxdcwlnpzd (um-Ames, 1113 amblgwuc; (Im stem rmm
nnmmmlmblc pmmon .um bm not organ any oF the
' gm
tbummc unbumblc in mm Mw, hh mm nf um dunng
mw; Mahvnnmry g. nmcm. md in me um:: wurkx m.- hc
cdnul m vmknmudmguhhexelaxomhwpbetweenpmcpmun,
hmnlsmleunandYhndynnm mlpcrialQu::lenfzcdumlngwalmd

um

mm

rm

|,..(,|,h1unl mudam

Tum qumnvmmnmuvm mm ,er em.

wlukv hc W.

mc

.vml

mmm!

'

pl'l

lm m wlmlly uul'nllwmlmdm
m quucun
white Amadeu.

nummm nl'lvy
Wnrk51(fth'lr 'lnm? (Vixi/int, Nun'w Shinlim

".
M Wll II 4
cultural nllthnr'llv

'

mm dm:

h::my ::lebnwndcuned hummmmmuy m mpmemuw

foi Lhc ""Num-Al Ncgmcs who-n
nus mee ind mus as an mlvncue
The

anht's

em

hmm mmm mm
soclcry he rua hmlselfpamnlh'
pnplcxiug
m lin-my mm Mum
me
been
n
mm
wrmngs mus! hmc
Hu: smnhu mm
Appreimlcd um a. df .uuhur was a "Ngm from
.:
'
x
ml
peasnnn'y Who had Hum,-:d um: mmm cdumnun
for
acsrhczc
mdgcmcm
poscd ncw pmhlcms ufculmul um md
mm
.lemodcm Amumm um.; His cxplnmon nf mm murduusur
deu': um.
'lcmnml of mc: m
sumi of all inrcrpmnvc
mauded
workwascwntoloccrzdiblydcnumwm Thchulkuupmm (509' n. |W

uma

posui and. mom Imperium, th Npcrmmnl.

me
1
wluw Amma
mom. md Cultur Em um mmm mm md

swc Amcnmnixm

wgmm.

broughl m mind l'un prblems hmmm

. a um...
nHVrixM mm wp ah'u'
hm
[
um
WM
dum who
wupmcd
me
for los. ng an
urprcnug xampu;
: xmlly,
&hamd ms AnualmmmumwaxWelissnvoscwho m m)
GPMM:
(hcungk'slm kingzbuutnc(hzrmusrhawlhumwddm
rl
m'rammlly
unqudhricd
suurcc
as
of mh an umpmed and
pcm.
maca,m..mmmmmmm nleus ,pc m-mm..nhmmucmum
haw- been nu lm mm m. "eli lw Phyllu
an mmhmm mm!
when um
W'hmtlcy'a mmc-1 mqumlovs th. | em day m mmm"
md vallofmmgvmuvc miung Ms lim rmmnl m mdu m dcmnmuu:
volume mpm
Lme Ihc hmmmw ur m.-k m...", ludad, Wlmnm
m
nnlwml hu
"muum
the
mm lhe tu.-*...... "| .. pum' m mm

em em

um cm
me
(Dmm

Ny

mm crm anmmnuuccd
Ncgm" and
mmm Ihm
NM: Son hld hmmdulcsl a m]: 04 unid: iulunnc" into a
""' multarm

fm

[mt

l"

'

:
s...: mn ..m
W
" " "' Fwn" (>chng hummm um:
m m:
uma Sum a.
me mk ofchaw
"'"! " li-wr m Wrm Man

mula

right Hm dismssnl the Msmnm] ...-4 Mm lucauon ofhis own Wnrk

" fm
mlys-s ok me mk nd mmm, of Mk
"' "*f''''rfl 1937 mas" "Bluepnm fm Negra mam Hc
=
frm = "ah ditkrem

me,

m,
"' '"5 um Um wa Pubhshed m 1957 In the wu ,,
m
' N his latim m me um ol m, mm
m.
( "

'

A,.

um mm

W. wu 'qulu :: human 25 n

uma.

'

"' lzuli-'

mm

um):

'
v

nl'rhcir special
in me Mme Wnrld (mm wlul wu
171
| ...um. N' nl meu Mlulu!
((iud m be (hc um,.msmble
.
pmtraizoAtmnn-Amcncm
;*
mha," m m pxychnlupca the o. slmrwmppcxx. um
mm
ounhuthglu,
nmmpmmg
b thc age omunccn [,nrgcly <a taught. hc wan :
hook
vm
Cun
umcmvu um lmlircrn me
um of me Informal edummml
byaradmvucahkc mmm
um Pamvand lazernfthe mudanca mmm
' '
Glcudx
whnc
m thing. m Chiu
und HnucA: (lm zon who homme rm
m
WNW um um wp?
socmlnglcnl .muy of the South sm- gin-nn, mm mnu: short gmncsfd'zlucd mm:
good dm ohhmr
mn

**

1ch h: me simple polnmanun hmm

m...] ma.-mm and humm

*
hnr-Mul
und
' "''W'h'uh
non rcdunmnun,; ,
mm
[nalnm
[demi
rms
ul Ihc sumi .md mumu. ..md nn; iu mm
:
fhlk Hung amv mui xhcu evllpluycd . gn mu,, L..
''m bm?" "' *" "'m'nl the rder fpwllucll md ..
' "'mm ' " " "" "'" ml'vmmmybIAm-mn
m? & 'W'n'vW'nzhr unlvlmphu wlm mmm !mrbeeunu ou-

i
"'

"" "" """m hmm" l'"

""" red
wp- wmm
mprcmnu mn-mm. wnhln mun
nw um ar: assa
==,
forms mm Www: m... wizh chance
ma mha)
11.

as.

me)

mmm

to

pmhend ha 1
uflvpim m, um!
me nuy um rmm mh Yuunus
.
umannim
m mpxmmmncn m mmm- .an por ul
xcicued
ame then (ums! lh: plsy nf (hen duram-ma,

These nhszfnzt problem rapidly became

m
mmm
pick! m (h: me: cdinon ol Nnme San mmuuncm mu his novel was
.: (mca: yczwrnzn by Ame '
ml Negra
an

: mm which nm.
Qu
Em HTM Ime wnttul; hose mem : Ihc "und
Negro w:

uma

'

anm

thc

',"- TH'''MWpmuw ho the problem.mpngyhequn,

of

book b)

: bind: Zumo! nunommg m dcbucud hm Crew slandang

'" l'hlvbzmmmm-ed Wlighz'nluangm mmm,

" me um?
h:: completely

,.qu

"rum = mmm ul n...m. nr, mw mp1), um

,

c-mllnmblc mm the mpr umano: arm-k

.um nullemm wluzh ynvviuhly um-u um
|
umupn to deal wrmmw

cuucd thlpivh'll
mumia m

um

n
San. lu ehIn

Nm
pallunm mmm-ion !" mm".

'

'

mu

'

arm-ck. vchlnu

,
WWW.; em um
had nucrgcd umulungly rm... Im um publhhcd Mum.| mm
Kallud :
Childrm "When me mms "mm mm hqun m .lpplnn
Iml
found
n..
wnncn .
x
mad: an mmm anC ..,ka
.md rm
.um <q
tem
um
wma. CV:" banken' dmglnm mm
W |

MW, to

the

Mm

oram

mm

'

(nx-sn!

::

mmm

Wnim

anm

.mmmmnn, 'n; .) .m ex
,
.
mmm "." ,, nm, : um mim
1

mc
nrrmuu
rcflcdiml ou lhe char m ufsttcm num. ou
.
mzhml: lusmq r)umadura!Iwhlswmnulcnmnuumllwhligrin
InTlff'l'
*r-
'
k*
' = r) n (
m
;"
['n-mf!
": ;"fd;
lh
.; "
_

vmmm

,,

mmm! ,.".

um

|. mw"
mmm-l

WMMlw

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Mm m

g,..uucmnrhu
'
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.
* (
me " mm m., n' '
"'
MA.-xm mnmg, "' vc
smxgglesufexpxummlowmmhmmnMmgxmgnmzmmghn
.
.
.
.?
:ululml Annan. ...mbmgmgm,. .md |, uma (.um.
(uk.mbhmom
mlulmcd
bom 00 plulmupluuuy
.um]
um e! nuns prescnb .m mmm:
placa

mh clnu

utumn

mm, mm...
.

d M' mc &)de
h
Much

e m.,
'
mlk-d:
[um
no";
bm em t : WrEuropen
,
his
and
supposcdly
prodm'lx
me
mfenur
of
ncnca
.
:: duncan book; 1" all, "mmm four Were "bmx d '

'

"ungmmmmm

culInn!

W. mama
um :

Immi,, rammncamm,
"(WMMMagri),

.
unhrly Lomphwmd
pm m
mwuggcued,a:]LnanuumMuch,undcrzhe|"ng
_

wasanhcmsugnnan(if(:cnrmkStein whumeIWr m " dhl "'m

"

emancipad fmm

um
Woukywstnndanmchcum
'

In:

mais Mm mmm m hu
wakcJLxchdenghz'xnnuwdewlopmmnun bommhndxmmfuvmcd.
fm My f " rl m U" =((5vi H Thu
by m: dec % n t
( hunwlf ,
,
much to dm pmmmmn nm- um bum-ru lh:
kk no cnnuibums
,
,
,
,
1,133) subordinanon
nunk America m WIMA'I, muitu! in,
alruggls Magui?
PalnL amagnmsm ann' mm,...m.,muumw. pmi
mcnsmuso
.ch md

' |
W" 13543235
wimm um
;
|
bx,m1nua&orgmumdmumnxmCnmmuuurh
bum.
y
mm [mm,mth_r

[
"E
nun
'
'
nl. blucr mmm
, .m cr a
mmmmlaummnmluggvg:
cnh which mw hlm a: u

Like 5me m www o) Ihc blank American

lw
,.

'

1-

" "m
hm
mmmy

Hx; cancer as
'

uvxh

mmm
psychmryaudpsv
ogylhazgmvrromlusllmmsnn
*

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mg

'.1 231,1wc

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E???

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m "
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(heluull

mmm cor-mumu As
Ihc pm.Www
lexmcied
de? canbomnuu
null
.le
lw wlltnfuhmhm 'm) m]]>.wcn'
v stlaL
[, u ; ; vqlus; e.mmmcmm
im
pwutl
mm m.
="

"

Alucllmn Sula delegamd m mummr VVlgh'S

: mm mn conmundx some ohxsmadzxs wd

&

mm

*?

Wim
mn

tISEG
e
'
n
' .md plsslolmtl: CIIIH'LLleh'm Thu Mind pzgxttllsmi?

=M.
lha; if( cvcr mm mmlnr. b;:ok lux (ml:
xwolc m m .
" '
M "
W::p m'cr k;
n
I:
m nude me gar
faz: ,( mxhour me conwhnun
mymdm
mm
154th
mk m Amd cnrncst' anhl's xmlgc
um mu ,
wma.
mlsogynv,
m
complicaml
ufhh
Issn:
mumu mscs me
Hacks m mic urhcr um um nr [hu um
hc
present
dgue
[o
bem.
me lculopml Shuu uu15 wmczhing um. um anm's nutput humm
nwhcnuplnrv
wplulnsupmcalpmpmuc
mepmfounmhmgmm
IQZH
&
e
(311; al 'in,
n l. &:m;
me
Zim f:,cf'
m';
n

' " m."

I'
""m "mv
Newltarwnhfifulr'wfi.

aboul

'

Ph

Bmx,

LW MM

|.

r::

zm atul?: E?

m
(WWWumMrlWNHNMMWH memmmn;

,,g

m ;

5nv/LEEHBHM',
PW Bmw. mm

mmm",

&

and

rh e mzu ;
um;
Wim?!
Clin",
mm.
::" 1:-

hmmm m CW
k, bk hsmodww
;
',
,

mm):

am

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xmmmrsc

.
uo!Shunprecescomu-umonlybyatennmeexplomnunufhlack

,
n
AIJ
fur ubh (nu:
dumiualepd
. nLh
=,
un m; Dtthcs:wereMutmarnsembled
_

b
("um,ndngboutwgm h bm
yl; ME;
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mm:;
mm
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mi-f.;? mi
um by Arnld "r'
um. mphlvllxhrd and mw" li.-mmm...s..m.|...-.-d,].
.

,.,

rm" bks um Tm

'

Inlmnummrormlhclmrr,llm

Inpe, dunk emuwu'y

cumbcd In the a " hmen"! n?

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,
""
;, "um? ,"P'W"''b
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mun
um"? "_h *
m
d
mun
ns

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mosumpnrmnrnuvclWxiuruhyWrigllnnndlthdenrlyiufvriur

&,

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m (hc Iandmmk
dldn
()umflrv (19537, .. .; zlw us b! k um!
m them: chan

m
lrivmalumulpcllmglhm
mmummsmnmhsmowCum-u
wmmhm u

Hmm 41954), anhl'x

muuuug. nccmdlng .o:mthe thlmn

aml xmpmlmhlc
Irmely

mm:-x naum,,

'

msmli

anm

mm.

lumpzrsad's

num

mmm mm- m: mnm

Th: comum

em mmm

quw..gm wk

L. ,

g.mwmmLP

al

Wn

Mu

'

&

|W humm

me Dimr
-

<

) ,

Hmemd

:'F'm

mv
m
_
mma- Khupuur

mann

hunnlvq; euu mun!

_,, ,ncc (( pm mmmd by unam Nagrocs m
.
tha:
v
'ZZZZZJ
;
..k , Td; ' TBSIHWK'WHU"X F

nw

lu:

" v 't'dd (hm

==

lm

new mri
uma
mg hmm insxghu into the
vrruucnlnr
|:
Alhmn-Amcnun
population His cxcnulcd bemyu! ut thc
rmwhll:
mmpxehlnuvc humm: um:
meu au Ihc mult pxufoumt
vnrd<
Scnnmcnml
wmmnminn sn,pupa um
Assum to me Mk mm,:
rmMuch mm nc [mn culnm: cvnhmwd 'n. vm-nu:
auck
m r uma mmnmlcinm hmmm lulu
the near
the
folk
" lu .., lnl'luundal muy m'lhc
mm Unum! Inc by mumu mmnaum-4
um hm xhuwu hnw mmm-:
mm ul' Arf m...-mm pm'lrv, A
n-mmmnhlp m uma
ummnuhuul me x uu |nd um .um .

uw

Ilcuhum

&

,.

Accouan ofhfc In the hm Crmv num

mw

.
dahmmm .! . msPnnl
" .::: 1d;:'imgcgl-r lllulv [mm
M,
y
W WW W ,ch
"' ""
enluraymc nudw
vdmwh |W,"J WTF??

1.1;
anm
em mk sumuuniqucu
mmm hm; .um:
fur Mixing
;pmeku
bemg
[ham
glounds
pm
Mr
cundzmned nn
MM
uncrw

mm
um

.th

nnn a!

Slm
q
." WI'CZ'T

131;

x=

[eu

pammn

mmm

[,

uma

na.

duccd the mu vn

'<brctm for me work ufalnsts nka Qumcy 10"ch Lou

md
xntcrprvrnon
uflljlmnw md emu arte-umd .| bm. Psvchniuah'm
e
ml smp tlm hc mgmdcd . nm nfcmbemmly mlmchnlv
Ihc gmw m ,. mxm 'ng ...mumu hc muie
song that has

mm
Wasamnlpkpd | hluhbhlmgiu pl'ulummmg m
Ivmury
snplum] muda urnmughx um; mn m Alunqqur m
in
is
mmm
and vcmacuhr sul:. Smcondh', :( .lrgucd m.: th: mmm
u.!umllnunn mov:
nnvsaxcmrutdc
m
and pMmmlwsi;which
,
.
ltlwuggnxml nm,-mc:
gmmuufcommlln zh: Eumpeamulcu Thim,
rmm m.- um hulk
smuph
mxmllc
[on
resldcnz m kurupc_ ngm n'.

pm

din

csmhhxhcd nnmnd'
as m; an : com
as
em.
argument

Comm

51

mm ...
ui w,m

um um

published m

lm um

rh m (lv:

Fun; um .
,m
nka
cemcd.
mmc (o Bump: W AWM na
ltdumlswsanhr'u-nnrlmvml
formsaud tumbamudmdcmmm
&
K., ..e
W
,
manh-numha)
. n.,
.; a mm nm mar

Wrighr's books,

x., , n m :
mm.
'ldcmmm

whh: mm
um
thmt.
pxychumrhxf munkr. And

plnl, m leur
although mmpicuouuy les. mh m fhnncnunnn um
Lumi muy
T7):
(1957),
Mw BMW
m .! com'cnnond smc. (hm
m:
..; .. num-r
sxubemm and Spontaneous, .
is nemdmlm ..

um
mounted, pam 01

.
?
u n E [:-1138532
mnh, hlcleTw
:, T|X, wimh
m
as Micrmmmw
.
, gl eum:

d,

nmcl) Ann-n m

(mm an: no black; m

ul'm'uclecnzh

'

um

Mt

lilmmewlellln the

mm
eknnnnn
n .
nehuamnlngymdmummuf';mil??"f"f

mk h God mov. qu

_md

mlk About
mmm.
[,(-IKZUKZCI
.

m:; :.

ius ..
med zh."
,

ulcy

..: m umrh

Our/Mm;
Wim num

um.

Ibn-cd

mm:;

. um
,,. m im
pm

mun

Hm

%ch
&

Th e & dutnun :)
mc" Wh

rf; hum

' hk b.

, W,,

b"

m un

much muli
m olhei pumu mm Mn

um:m..mu..m.m

net,.

llzdclmuucedkmvlu unlmutlmluf

g'uandmmnaedtupn
Mwm
in lh. mnml. music WM mmm; ..
gminy When
uv; ou
anlll m kwucmpmd m ["=me mmc:
,
mm Apmjrcuon ufhm m mm Wc
fur

um

mmdmhuuymm.

lhcmmh'cs'W clearly mzakmg

mmm
pcnmwry nounshmem rm
(h
m
mts :rcaior': response
m.um '
anhl's mm
muuc, me
m
Ul'm nued
the [abel m of hluermn ,, he scmnful Sm"
thc mncdly zum
.
x.. um:
; "msma ngmgc ' ia ,.
me armiecnnn;
was emluwcd
m: bmw; nfrhc conmncdh' mmvmwm
MTC .. enm
unlrpenmm" lr
"the nghwncd mas
plcnwrv:
hm ns "v'lmlxnuvc .uuvlilvwl .,
uhnmed
home m um; me
mgmmcd uw amin hguw f::lmgs, the svncupatcd culpnunngs of
dcgpmcd bu orhzn.
gum (mmm. md
m:
hash nn d-ns pmfmc ulmrc, but h: Khz
Isla:
mm mie
anm
R$ m
cm
m:
m
hr
em
mm,,pwmsmgwncn num

'

""

|
uma pmnuuduilly

magnum under a. mm dhdplinz

Tmn
"ram
m.: pollunl nd ucnnmu nulcl Alm cmalml
laugh
mu
m

nmnlmllvrmnvlu B&Wrigluwvsmakmgmemhumm ar
nim me Mum urnmm nn black people wat

"

"' ' W uw-mw Ione He

'

nm gmmmd

suggc mg

h:
ur

nm

:honN bmrxoluc HKJW'E ormpunnbxhn fm' w;

[hc m' and Hmm?
mm
o
mulher,
[o
=
ou:
(anim mmm um pynwdc 1.1
fur rh m mma! Aspen: nfour cumnumal mk

um

hmm

me"

.1

Hm (hc Linkswuh msnwncmvm. .!ScwthHl

api ummdmon
pmwrnflhc num-h
Advcnustm. becasvu to bchuld chlgucdnurrh

'

Luck

her
(nued
uma and , np. black gu]Anther
hymn
m mk: yuiulhdv xm

A Ming
hm :yes

brad

.GC

,,

closed

W:.

&

Ming, gmu'

"n", mmm

cgurd

ankhcr

lwr wuwk um um w.
em all she Sang. bm wlm
me mood Mul
hcr emanam md as sh: repeated mc hm, vvvmg
1er (anseim mimi
rmpa, making hcr mnc pms; nmmng, mm.
lhc gm .um!
ma um know. Another mmm musa na vnizc hh
fhm arme um women. Sm"
an old mm volcc nm'gcd
"( wmnngcwhiypcml
(hn-enm!(uugkgmmnwagsmgmg
m=y
Hc fell um mm mm, rm a hammus,
m eh: 1ny .mknuss
cnmnmgu
llux thcy hm
xm:
mm
mm mm mad: um rm
dnadful nfencc which nha, mum nu: murmbm m umlumnd . .
by.
Whv W. rins sem of guxll sn accmlnglv mm, 50 my m ((um:
mn pluma 12
m think, zu :ch vu

u,

.
um mlwuunpmcd..uImwlucnmul'tcnhul'
Jimmy:
ul'nlhrr hlukn The
mr
..m ' ruim .. hmm! nrmruy ; |".va

"m.-

rmm, ...

m thc

.,le

de WWW!
MINI.
hmmm

lmukn mm:.

|||: Isma

. umzhe umwml

analym oFrhc ph and cxperimcc of mm; mne

mudem uma.
W'rigth mture pmmnn, Ihr Ncmo | no inn
America's mcmplmr bm nzhcr A emm] (ymbol m ml p&whuh) fur
pl.hum]
u'm 531
stems ufrhv Wexna hm: 'the hungguxm
"|.
c
.
IV) JIM rlu' Idea
nf me" uhlcll Al na, (0 found :lc
VOA
u Dl rum! muilvlliw tlm! Glenda bcumd [: ! Tm mrddr,
Ama-H llumw And-Mwm v. m ' " mn" . W (
'
m., um. Nsmllulwwu lu lw . mm IUWHWK'HV m mun, n'xpnl m

111

m
V

Wll) num-Judas um "mm mm

ume
'
," D n, & h
W
blnzk
in
ora
expunenc:
man the United Sm (' ; m the 1930; d e

_oual form, :ch

'
wl

mind
"FH

um mmm at a" k was an elementary product

41
as a black gmwmg up m the United Sma bclwctn
experiences
.
[Duck]
Wim
wan.
um .m- um he was
mn in u-

Words

th

Klum:

,
nr
mxm Aumkuowlcdg:

w.,

Thou fw

Nclh;,y(ux wc

m, Wma
cmgam
I_qnzjnu: :
w.

um"

mm.mp

m um Hmch cnlmtryxld: xnupeud rh: Mnhnd

"WMI um mmm Mnim/nw
"5 fmmf 0' nhm 0" " ml

(hr

ng,

www
gmdmvmm M mm
www
subuulmmulu
mm"!
nfncnl
pSWhnlugKal
machina
rhcam.
um
m : ned

Msm on me dcldopmcm nflmk mun m .. (um-mu

kxLHR Yamesrdlmmc-llingau a(nlcumcnmlughh

nn

'

(o the prlmlvr. lmnnml. m

Wrghl mm mk lu cxplnn: m
Spmusu m.;.
Klelkcgnam
me ullly lampm phllmnpherwhnh' wurker
lm not
n me smlldpv'
[ aranha
Would (cmgmsc . somam umllcncd
is nur the plug
'n;
mesmu vmh black cxperlcucu of mmlumm
fuuml
mlgm
hmc
Humm
um; "fullm
why
ghl
Speiul: over
the. lana: Jlmn! Emm fem." fur Ihc umqu ,
lw umczvz Hummm,
Wup;
md m . Simm ls gunlch g um mlluunml
ms of Europe
um".
fala. na hm Im mpl nfplmwmmzwmd
who
ww so huck
in lmmemug
lmlm lo (ha; lle cnuld curry um" muml ln!
Mure lll
Ollfldm'm um um
pockets lula cumplcnng
:Iabomcs um of hh
mv olha book mW'ngth,
wlml uppon ", um
md m: relarlnml ldcologm ufncc md Dun
m
um
ixcd and stable hhmrka] mmm :o bc cclcllrarzd. m'ammc,
World'
chill
mndcm
mcmphyiical
ohh:
deconsxmcwd, bm as
mumu";
of. (hc ovmommg olmllgmm mou
pcmnp

,an

m
m uma"

lw.

out
tense um am: mm, ml
nccllumful'rlw mmo
ra , The bulk lepmmwngm Em mmm"
]ulmzd
m: cwryll y llfclymld :]
spondcnces md connections which
in moda um.
AncanrAmcriulu (a lhe cual aluiencs przclpuazed
bv m: colhps: orcllglous s::mbihtv m g.m
pearl philosophy md leum
eml and (hc npcneucc ofmcl'lucrhrccnrun' ur: l.. pnnullar
mllscluusncsnvhlm mudcllllzy
the dzcmvc break m

mun.

Fanrlgh!

dellzd by rh: com? um religlnux llmknulldlhg um".

lm
Vr
spms lm Emo", hls immllml,
world, Hc hem (hu w msmem
pnrzmlly
uplm hu
(md hrs
mmm. md
mk, ohhcury and cllkuml ubuntu
ugmfmm
'lllmtmtlnu
n!
ml.
qu/schzfanorher
Adel 'Flcs

m
gmnr
pm.lc m um
(hc wmazuhr culture
respondzuzcx ha um
philoesoknc produz of Ellrnpmu
Sum md me
hls snic UIIIC anl, mmvl
uwd Nizxuche mau-liv m
sophmng
Dure und m mplaic
gnver ofn
snt culmhl aum! |le rhc
WMI lmc um
wu
Lhzory of mu mlmlanmn Luucd un lduxhlgy

uma

uma

(&le

me"

wmum

a:

Mm
nm

Applllncll

muzed ||| l.;mnml psychulogg' m lm." lmmpqdlnluglul

Mzrxlan lmming muld luv.
(o (olnclousncss and pnwer (lm
is
Supportcd' um black man's manga um zum :. peripcclivt. m
ouxlunk mmm: Imlklll
angle ofvlsmn hdd by xppl'csxcd mph. il ls m,
.] 'rmgw pel-wand).
n what Nmusdm nllcc um
uqud me
urna.-ll mm whn |m()pplessmn DW cs, and mls l: ll: uumlull-ncu
lhclrrlpwullnn luhum oppreiscd rm mmm n.mal . Inug rhil
Wrap
|"qu the hay
hwulur .. lwlumu, ... l. :. .. klllll l ulhlllw

%ng

um

below llpwml, (cuxc ui

;
lower man (When "hr muccp ofdlxuncc
wmemlc
a Aumnen
vou-m hem k um physlml; ll .s psychulugunl n
mill..!
&
. wl: ll (or
1 pm.) or gruup M, um
..r
msm,
gm: is nllorllcl pzrwu or grmlp abm: a. vez pllyslcal thcy au lwc
(amy
ou lim snmc gmml. material plmn: A mun ((=ch
always
iu
kmklng
mxoll'cd
fmm
lx
lnvc
(.lmblvalcnoc)
dm
iMd erh
Which
the
low
and
ob|ect
up/nd
me
&.me " mmumg
9;an
.
llmsclfnndzxgxxx comum Chang: He luva m: ohizu beu-Isa hu
num (C m Rumble ; h: ham me uma beam: lm (hauccs of
a,
l semiImg
remate, shghr "
.

,
whn luln

n 5 na

",le
-

0le

lmernally dmdcd bv clllnln! aniliaklon, clilzcuand the demands of nmnml .md Incial ldcllnry Yu: the pl'OCUSX of
,
, mal conflict um Du B ' dum-"mod as mc mmm; of "nm Warung
Ix in
.
on: black body " ukcn funller sn rlm lu mumia :lspcus
mmc Hamm spiclc
mm: mm slgluicm [( atquucx .m mmm-p
wl-lghz'c
understanding urtlw ( ,
lculunlal md seml-colomal mml Mc
Clive Smdpolnt ofblscks mmm the modzm wrld did, however, cnrrt'
ml m Du Bols's ducnpnn ola ((lllsnmmr duublc musclouincsi m

gh bluk subject

ls

Nmawhcan lda ufpclspec llmvs of

u double mim" uma [lan
Bom, he was :lcnrd-ml uns spcml umd
blu
"ik:
Du
mn numas,
l "uma simply & (humm nur & conslscnr pnl'llegc. He Arruma! m
"JAS
iction and his zhcomllml Tnngs H]:
inner mubnaknces ln both
nian af um sunslngd stare xhlfled consunzlv as hc mrgucd against dlfr
mil enlmhcd in me mmmhem lugu o:
pomluns held ' zlnkm
.um
.ls h.: pollnml focus moved .um from
tem wlmlr couxmusms
Amal-man
nual palmas ml towaxdx a,, "alm: in
: concern mrh
gmqml cs Df(ant|)lmperilhsm .md (ll: place ailariolls Mum HCV
Ax
Lhe
mutmms unmpeml nllc. ml. me pllghl Dfrhc Wok
" within
d Kin ln celu-Amn subiccled m colonial donumnon,
rt
anht
1:
provided
West.
mls
.
duble mm s somethmg iumml to me
:|
(hm: m observe cmd dcxnbc A light ok Lhr Wen with ltself,
.,,
Ay
nlm me Wu: b||-nd: ' gly lwgunxand the wl docs nm ro zhis
Mlpannlhlz agem. the mlu usugamw
:
, na munuwwl. Bh: douhlhlg ella-u ul
lmer cnllscnusnexx ms

fm Hmug alan Dn lh?

er "15,ansz
fund m ,: tvpmlly

th

mumu-ml

|||)le

_.
nun rcfum m n
nccmd um um llllkptlldcnthllm
,
nani-d' lw,
um] lm lg
: um .um ,
em alm...n
,
nrgullczllv bom of um lels-lm |: || Inumdug llm h:
Clllmlrl
vempoml (emu
mls alma:. (um nusncss ..nllc Wav m
-

zdvnumgpll

'-

CH:, lha! um spllr mluemmy carried snun' lignmm:

My puluml'
510 lv
med m mmm lmkm my anglo "nw."
viml wluu
sexual
mnllicu .
Weslcm cnc, but aW'estcm cnc zm!
Am I um um mmml .
the plcsenl, dominam ourlmk nf dk wll,
Ahead. And l .ln um my;
Wes Mv pcmml iudgcmcnt YS zlur [m
[hk
mmm Unum: Well
boaslfullv; Such |udgcmcnz ls lmpllcd by
lalucs than] hold dlnr"
Hmm] la.-ck ln
ln .wvcnl essays .md almost mw book, wllglu
vpm.
problem of hm own lll-mm ldunuly 5 .l modem nun. lu nw"
pluranonal,
Lhe
,.lgau,
ur
m
mumu,
bonl dcvotnl m m cnquuy imo
lw rl
mlllmnml
Mpelcncc,
wllglu
a;
nonal (omponcnm European
('
Spams?! aoclcry and Ludlum, Hc [H
cnduzing hld of rellgluu: belief ou
Kllglnu WM anlcuhmd lu lhe prio
lo dlmonsunte hell (Ni mlnuon of
pcnodically Inunupkd lm own (Cx: m Ihc num .;
nc: arm ml mm
for )nuhg Wnim-n.
Iznglhv [magos quoted from a ralanglsr calcchmu
"ludcyn.llm..llw
Facmglhlsdlslunoure betweentlvzund mmm the
place muglu mmasuddenly obulnzd .m lmpol'mnl Inslghl mm hls mm
ufluccldunzal muderully. |whzm bemen the pmnum .md rh: uma
mm:lm . mndclmw um na
mmm fm me Em um: um the mp rnm
UmKl.

Ibn: lbr me whhv "um whu clnpluy m xcmm flu" preunam

lion lul- lsubmdhmlon .; mgml m m: pmmg; nf dmlopmm

,.

pmllcl Ihc mmmnon mm:" pum-lw

WM
um, Mm blck W,

multlvlllsexLQrcvcn the

u lvl: llmull
funmonmg und orgnmc par: Uflomclhll'g ls
and luepmnhlc, ,an Wm
l
uncmmluus of wzs : put, lmlmm
&:Mom md had m mmm: fur my chknlne, md
ml Wurm. lm ;
hm! llullcngall me lo .|.l m.
mrzly found myleFln Elmno! Much
l
known
vllcm my world cmlnl
(Evcn m Asia and Africa lud ,lws
.nul sccmull Wu.
and zhmrs begm. lm Spain lm Lummg; ,: hmm
being Wesmu
lll
feel Wall-m . ' wlm
ml, but md um na f
mu rmm
WulxngW'cucmsumcrhiugsuabulllllcly
mmm
L):
nfmnthur gnu! (lr wu um
smmh me nd (lvlllzlzion & no
nnglcufvi m, nw'llnofvlewi hwu
:IvIILu
Mama mmclcmlmlkc..ul
vlw mmluy rum
mumu urWu-m
um my M [o .kl'ulc
1
uuly ln um uma lxl'il llulcumed mylmnmm. l mm lcd
Slw" xm .. lme uulnu. a mw] um
Kllm m
mun ll. quam

'n,

13: a

<

ng

social .um rcclluolugul pl'ugnis known : modmmmm. It can

fur: propel mm modclnlry mmc ol me vm people lr hzlps m dumb
(hu dlnuxslon Supplitx A key to the mannn m whlch the
' Snund,
mx um (hum: of modem : mmm and pulltlcs m: memxclm
mode om,
p::d .md transformed by Wright'x own pnllzlcallv engaged
writing.

nm: uw com-mu axehogmzd'ullv.wmhunrdlelghz'

nnl'd,
"A bm?, wlmh mms hu mun complue
WI be
mpl 10 plodukc a plUIOSUthLJL level in Lht black vdmm and
ll llsed below Ru: Elst. wc mus:
Namlnc Thi [Jum-mn adia bk
Nhnmd mam nl'rhe same aspuanons md mmm. I: wu publlshc
53.3ewcllycnrs anelanm had mun lm cx' -m Pan.. As uuitlg ug?
shaped by 1 dcwlnplng phlklsophlca
Ourxdu
,..
u,,
ismlumllsm whlch hc da l as nlvndy n mmm pan nr lu;
nlised muleck Lm Mc as 2 black Miisxmppmn [l m mkcn (o (em
charge madt by sem: AinmnrAmencau m 5 (na; due book plrxcms
;! a pseudo
umpem dzslm m excnpc from (ha um nous of "ml
Ir,
deal
and
.Hug
bunda granda; cmd less paruclllulstic Ihcth
mh
all.
lm lntcllzcrun!
deplnure for
concerns were nel, me;
: ncwfor"es
ofcmnor
, gin, hose
suempu (o mm hwond (h: Lcllxulnlng
iz Marxlsm and me
mnvelmnns uf'Negxo Hummm" lml pm
mm:
.| lm um: (U Europa by man) cm Both lhesc Hummm had bem
ly ,igmllcd lml Nrmm su was Duglually punham. ln (har rm.
,
ugh the pcmmnhly ml munlcroni l.:nons urslggn Thomas. anhl
ol'uxlmn WDIkAng'LlnSk
. mc-l m lllummm Ihc formam" ora mm mm
VPL-nl
ufclthcr mmmumsr nr me": pnhn
,:qually npc [m m:
cnmnlc soclczyfmAmcnunproduz:, a M
xr, Ihc pmducr orm
llllm]
cnmcd WlKhn him me pomntmllncs runner
um um; [md
pvmldcd ) mlkingly WR-mn: um;: um:
l mumu nr rmsm"
Klm,
onhodoxvol'rhc Amerr
lmnm l'mm umwhicheu wuluu Ihc nliulxt
lmnmunlu Pum.
um lnmed m (hu .lrly lqsnl
anm
Web |K lua lnmmlmnuly nuckml, Tlm mmc pum: w. made lens clyp|

[mM-liked

ricnlly ln

hu

taum

Hmm] me Jlum urchlcw mm

mmClaw
nm nf m*h .. slmn. Remember
muckylluml
Aum an Hmm! (m um:
nu fume Id:-|
carrying,
ul forward mom-r
m':
o: luxmung dam, gimg m [um ur

quam"

WN,

culture whichmnpcu humnem

mm na

'

'

dif.?
Mamm/eir?mm);;-

and hh desire m
commimvmu
mal lw )) "MQ,
pm f black cxpcncncc uy um.-mura, 'lhrsc M. pum,.

.
Niggerrneclvcly
1 the mmmyudespamugmkme [hm-mh whmh
[Rumble m em. the hm sumng .. n
: sub):cr,1us
um hmmm
wu". Wright mrmuu
em; Damon, .. mmm
(mmm mmm pmmgonixz,modem
.um
me
nuss cad; mw
nun hvn
u,, seu maxmay mst as
m
bc
inwho dciantly mmmdx another mmm mz "Ngmcs cm.
been
drawn
Sun, had
me" Rnggcr "mms, Th: prougonist m' mr.":
dnmcnxinn
nm mumu um. Himax/er.
umansnuusly (n me
from mt ezrliu [mu
m Creu, anh: ucamd :: nu.-mu who, xama
Could
up: zu embm: me
ubhgarnn to try um mak: suhnim utdlvglbk,
whu,
mola! and pnhuzal unpluanom afins mrmon? Indumnons, 1 um.
xounnelv mes: da
m a smking preflgurariun othcmcs namzd
mil,pminu
racc
uadmon,
no
no
mudem, had ma un mm no mm, no
na (hmmm.
than
um
the
nda
mm
ideasmap:
pum,
:ullum,
na
.

mmm

ww, bcst
Annzhcr

dubmus

um, Emddlz
oangm'; una-uy &]szUndugmund,

Dmuds. in

mms.

mm:

mm

nm

.th

me

:.

m
mm.. qucgrmS and (her mumrn gmllpa
: ixymlhwludidmvmporranicmim[Asmitd
ven'hnlchhbcmpm
W D;; u:, (

.. n me mm;." nd development
rcly

usr:,
...| M
Gmm
nm me

(flhe

bim madar

ihsauun ex whle [0
anlu aspimd |,s m,,
merlookzd m Fawn" of: aum; pmmcupanon mm du; mw,

thx

wesmm

prupel
Mwm m
viulnr ncuons
muurwluch
conclushmx
,; more um.
further
.u'c
um ng
mm
;
auppuwd
pAy
persoml
anxight's
daemomc
angu ur
thc. IPR pxnducn
by
and
hn
md
m
cholngml dcrnnganz Th: Gummu mukcd (rum
be
whmh
could
mu
rcwlunon (n me & ymwrful, umssmulahlc pmse
Tlm gnn! mmm mm cm nu
only withnuz me comandou "(lean
4comfrmablr image
pancm ur apparcmly mmm c uuemulum n
mr
.md mtuUmlqu
aum; n. lhe pmhlenu pm:
anluamdicd pnhrm:mmumll
no
Ihc hh. ani lw Ihc
.," alul m: ul'rlmrwurk
drummlxnl ! um..: Mul
thnmyrunnlwrlluud
mm.- .unlwluuuml ,

MI

[th

mmm, m

mm-m f, ..,; !me

philoxophcr, Th: mm (n ;m r hwnzez of Hmm, and :; :

.1 b
mk m'm .. urnwr
.
. n was
.wzsmoze than gcngraphlml L'lnngc

rum mmm.
unpublshcd nmcl "Tm Mm Who
m
aqua)
mm, no
riunuunccx
mm
om
[mmm zu n.
gloomy
mwdn,hcestipe;nmpalicccuuodvmd
mma,:
uma um
nerd ur [lw mumq al mmc. when me euskuml dmmslom Hm
menupnllmllllkc cum'mn: mm mm ; nmvclauq'whnh um um
mmm
Um
been pmsibk mm hc m uame the ground |. :
pohu
phiklophnnl
mn. and
LW Drmm, dm mm mm (hc
rm, "mc
.a] pmblemx emm; Amer in me pmmcnum
;
ol'mndcrnilv
by
m Much
muaphysxu
4
"Hmm mlm defined um (o
nononwfmul mnicmaxity Wr"-nl md mnmqucnn

um

'ribed & bang ohh: mmr plofouud

: wluch
m m dsnmm'c ununs nmudcrmtv mudermsar
xand moden-um AH me mcdnlcd b) me hmm-m mcmonroglmr
;( m the South & els
-- um mm cfmml
mmr Hm
mu:.
771,
work,
():/mdw dtnes modcmm' as .! period and ;
unused by zh: cou-ps: ofald mwhs Thu msngh! provam. um
'

,ch

mmm

rith

hn d.,

um,

msum uFburh fascixm andcommumsxm muhnlcuu

um mn nn: pulmul upmum qflhc mmm. ccnmr ', mmm

mam: (tmnnaum Rm
hmm. FM....
um

duty

dummm

[hc ug

.;

,; 'f
,e (br:,"

llmhrd [mhz um]:

.unl mhur nu mumu-re

mm h

rv. :, ,um
mA Mullher a (,uuuuunilt ,,qu bc
The mon dim-wd
m ullcgmwd mm llxcir uxlrulr,

mhe'd Icnn

mm

lo, .a

uma
. mun ||

:*

)mmuqu

,...,m.

and pmhlvixdc pu
Au uummpmmixmg dhlcugu tu me ...-mx
mnmuhem ., Wu mgtrhcr wlh un | .
mms omeLm's Mecum
1,
.
IMEI:
.
,
,
IV, Th,
-,,
m
",
".

fm,
'' TW"MEM

'

mrln,
_

um")",mf

'" '

"''"

|P,

mula. .
(cdma; Thcxubsmmc ofhlswnhxmsduccrcd
rm
own a)!
Hving],
mw
Rebels Mm sought zouw uu: pmmm
...-A

Npmwnnlmn
whole n nn m (:QO
M
purposn mu n the

(,
"W

,,. ,

iur

pnccnling the establishment "facu m,...xm & Hummm mm'ludc'

'
,
(. m ... um unamuu
b,1,aPsoLunxz,1otpohumlvcg,.. xe; *u
,
.
m m:
the pnhncal opressmns ohh: mumu mmm Mhnsnc my
wlu
minh-msm
unem,
reveal
me hummm
nu ,, nuny mon: nhhcs:
k '
'" m f ""&
WWW ""
'
m mm m,, m um
xm)e.
(...| s 4 n ' la lug vc
His
pulam".
asc,
ul
um fhm Mwm , ., W smruug pmm hm um: m um menu-'( .
me summon m..
(ml bum; dcnw (hnr pam liam
bem:mngcdumcbyrhtJuh-<li

md

"

m.. ,m,

me

:cnmry,wcsmnpolmmlhc,Whmhhad
()modtvnu'y,umkrwentzfurxcru_ulshrmanun. Im.nuhrngcrdumh
,,

m '" . , cqmmvcd
,, d , M'
: , '"u ' , km
d
,,
,, s

n...
M.,mm.
cvcn'whclc'
for eu people, ur
uma,
Ivy me nw: uma
m .unl cun
respnml (o me ymnmnd dunga hmmm
Inpmcul
mhdzzedby .mcumuum um (hmmm de

""
,,

'

orguusalmn

,,..w.c.u.,n.,"..vv
mccmcamud
purc

,MmummmhmMw
":,

d[":

f'W" ";'lwwlm fur

'
' WM-n av.-nm .m Nthor-c:,
s: WWE,. anmmmb
hd'gudmnmm NU""mmmkwml zm, um| um mmm;
,

"|

':

,.munrumfmm(heuruggluiofthe urban
.,

mam
d

' |_,

NC (

um pum. n, [

, .,
("di d
fx;,"palm,):e???
,
m
enxe
&

nmuruwlul

Wright kr-cd

.,

&

mim P immn
um
Jl
uny
& k
.bo
and
pohnm]
buf
Jor-ima!
acmm
umwuusnc
Pp r
,
min1 (hem
.s , 51 mh
Cin, |?, If ""! A"
Won rm
ow,").zmg.
112.2ch jn? > Sul]thh bcwnung num
ney ml
!pmnmhmmrm
;;", .
&ch
,,
,
, :, leun<w1
shoulder [o shouldmuh gnwurkm m mood
Tmin tu
s
.

mmm

ru

nunuic

entry,
Cnmluunmnnn uvcnzimu, radio, mma m. mom,
lhe mewcm nfmyxm'y md
mu
L,, umhimmg distance and
spm
M'mgimznlium mm.
mmm, i'm me em...",
mmmcc, em
and ahwhvlr m "mm" life. (: mumu! mmmching the totalmu!
humm mmudlm
Ing. dlc-lpdniug,
&..ng nurm."mimheohh:
Ivy pullllcul Ioldm
nued
um
Acwlnw ...m pcm-m wchukum
m
umdum Hl'c"
um, w.." mcvuh ...... Ihc um .um me nm.":

mmm!
fxnc'mr

[edmmmfcompmmesmuunmmmmm-Mr
,
&

'

...,

u- chncnccnfx ';,
,.

',

muy,

,zfr'" "',._"*|"',':*k
11an "Mn,,
],:
,,,,m
,,,, ,,, WW
m,, ,
.::,mzmx
Vd Wimax
Th: mk o) (n-:lupinga

mnhul-uc: [,,,-w:
,,
lma?, Tri
*
*,
'
"
'"
"P
[
pohncalcmnue,Hzcucdzhanhescmsumtmmcnmpnscdumluuglun
me.
-

bm mm
*
SW,/eo (14510
inim,,mndmw "
a.: um; x: no
um m ,um;
lmk'd under rh: Icadcnhlp of Earl Brawl" and
MI, Minh,ssm mmm-m
, (!
m d: lgr'sem" hc
1934641942
WWW,,
mndm, '", " "M

Wnruxy a:

m,

,
admrl, ,.though from
a
the begnuxg 5 ndmp;'rnmkvmuW
,
and
clmgcs onmeuecmlm
.
md Wyman
'
eu hsm-d .u thc mmmsumn's most datingmghzd P mmm m mmm
u,.
Cd
afins
n, [hmm,] bmw
Lanari-limr]?

xc

mdw

..

x_x

.m.
um um .
ng

'

.
,
;d9?,p.>11.f,

Klux

Iluicuhangcremhnu .ccndmmlmlmguy ,
mphncalnncnmuun
]ndcrihqvllmmultnow!
fwnnununbcmecn Cwssnndthcpar
'

L' mtu!
.
,
.um
[hmm hook TlusA-Igry
htc
Lud "
n o,.mmbcxnndnmph.umkmgxhqm
mulwduud'z
Inuanltgncs

(um :nmpmum: mnh

. l'zy-henr dzhuln'. 11,5 lukrnsny ,, |, |.qu

1: ()um'drr 4. murt m.." ,W
,

um

Unum m
11: mod:! "Humm mmlcnmn Mv |. uu, leu Cunwrmn ., Mlppnlkcd
"unm ;kculvy Mmuur urmodmm .um ul um dimu": mm
,
wilhv'n " Wriulu dcmbed ., ",um
.mlunmumu. mm: mm
nuh]: m nh. un'um anim-w .um lmal miumlmnliun hulk um Ihr
ur nl" ul-nm m. mlwlnumru m' m...! ,um , uM ummwml

mm

auhudcn mm
,
,
A
.
,
numnl'Fru-dnlu mdnchmelhrh'
,
mm!wmlum"wmprmhvcccll'rmhluddll
mimi
rnlklum wmeh
ducd by mc Mm Alwmh um nka in me prurnne
lhe Wurm: mhiluue muay
um:, eh
m authnnmlan pmm In
.um. rmlkwlmnl .,
cmpmizd m (hc Dozcnunrcd Hcrdcr'mn
dm
"'anqu pnlukl
mm
dencd
agau!
m me um Thuugh
Wu
mm mm nun cxcluclcd, mk. ml
(and m
which blacks
gm
Fuv'
me
mim um dh
pmmnzzd spc ic brm) ofidmuqr, umlcgwx
runcquicns (afsoual :lmllgc
umulded nun)! gmnuu:Andiuhuunncuudl-

anm

||

&

nmnucn'd nmpuuung," um p.-mg rum. mr

pmi
!,
Ihc wns and m ghmn o(n ng Negra bmngcome In um mumu.
mmm ., uma),
muk me de "rn,. wmmm and me attempmd mdchmhug
um mnnanululism which ,um hc ndcquam m
rinu
m.;
"mm
nuimmlmu
lllcgnncx'
was
I:
nmmm ma nqnsmiy "um:
Ivy
u
of vmnunnl .miw revealed
hunting
m:
addm;
mural
cm
m- an urban mmm.
(ramfurmmon ufmml peniana mm mmmhmg
&

h a,

Mpued

uma

Hvr

n mu.

('PC
;
mmm vmdomhem um mmm
**xullcx cxplrsxiun" m m.
image
f
(0 [k mum um ou "mad
)mpul

ur uvnluuouahgrd hun <upmmq' www,

pum
.,
mwasrhempmkon'Dfumx'oluuou. ):.mlmyiulm pului pn

Hc descnlwrl h u
'
mpb): Mlnmfurmmg Amcmm mu:
muplc um ..rwiwwnl
mummmn whw msn" mr hung llcs m m
mudem
mmdepmdcmcurpmplcm
m..
um a conscienuwsun
hm-k
wma" mui nw
cw,
m Mauncd u.. Wmmuy Inch
h me me: "|. In "mnh.
mmm . lhnr-hmm' m c .um um by wl:
Kundally

m...m.

"

HummWWW)mhhmlvm|

mou

mlgln

:)

Np

'(

wwe

,th

'

(hmmm mw

m
Negro maWes m hmm nppuid.

mu

.md pnxmuw

*I' mn Hw
cxccnnhhdam Indnmuu>nvfIIM
!vvvvvrIvvI/thlh
chow passngk hr made humm-w c "
legal; miga':.
rlz-.uma mm pohnched bhvkmnlmnld
mm mumu
iuenl
cnaL Hc mm:!
' plc pull! ur
u
um
. had disasn'ous em upon mm..
"TI!: hummm barmen
mm
(ty
me um: image is mural ,a umplcmddrem
(
' ' hun|" ml
.! logic
poxscss
Hmm"
om.
.umn
m.,
returned [a [11:31 prblem) :wcnrv 'an Iawr iu ww
mnn'ccml
h< Would be
...um mmm
n. Ihc M.:mm
Zu
by
kmg md, was a ar em
Ius
left
as a ommnmsx 111:

mlk about
mmm Hupnukg: aca-mm (o mumu: and
Ihc (hmmm
ahhul
Lhenuc racial mmm xhnuld nudcuwrz m: Mgumem
3.
above m 01.1an
nfracml
nghr me nnwr

mm

Wf

"""" "dm "'

l'

"

am]

IJ :xvlan how

s:). in rhvs

&

Iullv um mun Ncgm wnlcr:

vlc
um bcfmv the" m . . Mm
nn
pmi;
.fvlslqn m., ,hnw them ; (lw
Mm of modem mum m
Em"?
Thcy mav fecl
thq'
m
hem
Mu
onh du Zn:;
mmc
m:
h
vc m mm rhcv fee] mm sm:
ol Jummum. um
nm.":
unlv
Ihc) wmmumcnt mmm
another dellslonmmr, Bm .m
">"

5
&:vach nouh(7133231,
.; ,
mi2me
er
' cA::xu-ELTJ

m
:o m:

anhr's careful mage, "Ihc"

[humhlsbhcksun;lheswdl''mgol'ycx:xpcr nrxmunuclx'nm .
und.-|
Hm buy m h m me gta-pm eumcuhr; mk songs mug
Much m
m
blznngsuns & mm fnnnedxh: rhmncls [hmugh

1!thsz mmm
and mw gum-d culnuc

"" '" "' "Ml

Ww

w;

The

f. "
"' m''mg' "m" "" '
"""
"
l
'" m ' h
fd" M

&

mxdom flmved

xlunmcnm. hurnbhqua
,
(warm-Hw."
*nmse
um: .numm
mmm
sm
ul'mcm
mleucy
'

mirand.
um
his mas! mdxgn'lmus and mnp
..
(mm ol & dm! rh: Ncgm uma
wwmuud k'rum
Pym Wagon. Blues, pu-invals, m mlk um
mm,, , , mm
muda (o mumu me h pCer mm; " Mk
wlxdmu
um black Ih
me
ofmm, rh: comida":
daughter
on

nu-imumumlnr.-hummm Mecum

um

me'

u mm?

sauxfuton'

km

ycm

mom =ch.

(Mind
me
(mas cfmemcx
work o. Marx, Freud, and Nmnchc um
through ind mmm
dezd
pul m md philomphicl comxmzments m the humm of
.a
; umd: me Wen, MUR mngundy. ul m;; ,ngc he Rnamcd mim

'

nfllmnrysuem hc um 130er (ocm ng mude black cultural cxpmsr

" . "mugh mmm chamam w. mumu, unchanged, nm ware lm
r z., hc da bed
51.pr bnmgcnls .md pmlcmnrm hm nuker &
;;and
Nmmsslsuc

5!
11:
|

nfkrai
1

um

The Forms Thing; Unknown"

upnn the AGN. Amex-JL,", urban vcnnculm
mgmmnc
Sunlplx
mupathcnc explumnou 01 R$

mfmmcd

mm

anm

' m"m "' summon dur hc wux nm.": nom ur

soir
'f"'m"
lmdvxrn-rhcsmml-vd mn
nrwie:

"W

W
"n'In

mis

"M I".

alslllncnrnbmut

du num purmumh .,: W.."

mmm
Hull um

dllllmplnur tllulunhm

uculnr chu-cm nf

1-1:

m-Ae

mh

mmm.
of an"... pinos 1 numberuflperlll pra '
'......

shnncufueslcrn:uhurvrlmmgh zh:pumlwoFlutlluNhumdwlm
apprnpmmd ns rclxgous Ideolog) as . buhvirk r... Ihr de(enu um
political md cultural num...... .lunngxlavcry and ,.
...uma sens: um. impuruncc ufpswlmhigy mmm
(onlineMusmgumemconudenbl) chxsliicd,mg unhenxsumpllu
of:nnulmsuc MW;... muzUyspmvrcd bvlussumnmmsumr um, n.
fo. the nvcnnczhrcmnuy me... who um ...um. .|..- lum. nrmg
r.
mdw. rh: emm ofhfc .. no longa srmghrbnvamly uulcml ..
becme assuma, ys 'hnlngmal. mm ma) uk: power w.... aum. hu
.; ..... .
um. kmpmg um. 15 by mhcr mmm," Thismw ulh

anm

ofpsvchnlogjcnl
....
chmmlysxs as

.m
o. dnnumunn, ...a of.Wm ...- mu
ngm;pohrical
"mxm-k
mols in

kngnnl.
_

cuizr

mdcpcndcm psyzluuric rcmurca m um blaskmmmumtym

by sdose assunnnon um. Dr Frm..- mmm... Baum u.. .. ...um.
machu-Ag Iol-ms ankins Cup/cm J' anm n......
..
m.;. ...m um m..cmd
'holagy
pxychoamipu ... . number ofways, b... they .um
nf
ps
..
mostpmmincnnnlnsdsnm .: adn[Min.]ufjlulywsmcolo m
.bm m. by me war
. 5... um :chncncc nfhhck A..... .. [W...-d.
1.
nfnmw Mmumni, wh hc ackumvkdgcd Imer ... nn cpiguph m ..;

at

...dean

an,

mm grup the

pu......

dlsnnclivu

... this

a.....

bok ...m

;ignallnd

...,...
.."
m. mima

... spin nflhexe mdinaricns Cruss remained ;hchCd bv n.... to a..

Dcless,b=smi [ondinon nr'AmericJ'surbanblzda 'rhmughhudcxpcr

lcnanxmcvasoblgcdmwuculateaomeofzhcgebngsmauhevu P .?
EdWldlmvlllW'ayzbcmglblcxo

'

Aunrucy un Hum-mn lu
... mn' ... udhl) |. .. .|.... .|.... mm... nm....
nm-..
yum my lw Yum Mnlw
muml (mm mmc: u.-un- |: wlm

um mplusiml thsr

m Nlelzxchenn muriammgmarkx Cum mmo", m mmc m....

:
r lnggc. Thonm ur rmum m...... befnrc ...m. 13 . mesm......

Hmexmnsmnohhxurgnmtmznd

by 77
(mm" pum/1d: runhu hcyl
:nnque nfmudumry cxpn'sicd
...: chan .=. ..f umwlmw ...|. ......eu..-...".mude....wdrmm
nu... [mxm-...... .|.. ...um, (m...... um..... mumu !. lmll'lh: ...um

sul...... n...... a.... lnlummmlcs ye: nni" tlm mrrupondun

the ewrvdayl m...! ofwbau M..:k Am.-(u...... md [hu alum.

mmm ohh: B......IusW...,

umuf'nlzlmywllwmmanlumcdtmkmmmmmmuinenhcrluau
..
.|.: Klmuunslup hctwccn uppressor and ...; nppxcsscd um... gcncmh:
fu......
MnnHc
cm'lusmhmk'
both
groups.
: Fun: ufmcnml .um...
unnmslduallyHcgclun "mmm ou mcnxcnkpcndcnu Mun......
transfermmzhcnmlvsxwufm'r American(pm Mas......umcrcn()..mdzv. Cro
run: um; (hc um Iknnn i..
mm: .... "......qu
urgcnrFreud1an qucsnc ug' Wav. ." ml101 hn ...uma
...m
um
lhcm...). autm m...-1. lucn ..m- "ud .., ...um
tum ..... mmmuuns Khz!
..
.r.
parrchhmvsflmwhich Ihcy :.c
uh
mm, no p... bethm
they
zu . presa.
rhu pm enhemmlws
rl
vv....m. men-.pt; u) mcomnnzu (temem ... Ilcunllau lhcury hun

um

m pnwhl.
mmm vnvolvcmcnl ... ...e uruggleHmlrm
....f

pezilllyxuggcsnw:

Ntlvxhc w. mmc complcx mm mm mm; seem tu

um. pt-Jung dm hc ms not m....mg ro de..-...
Hbdu:
rwmm
" cxpcucm ... ...m Lumpcau .e... um mm
ringhowthcncrydzycxpcnenceofblulamdleUmtcdStarcgcmbkd
o... d::adful mem... dla

uncomihnnblc um. as
mimi x (mgs. In a book mu
m'sancmptx mmm ltmroz nxurdcrmystcnahmmrk uflhuewnrus
became A
um. deploycd f...: ... (my; (...um. 'n... m,, m
me. re...-< um...;hrs Amblguous Klmnnshlp
.o um... modclmsm
nrdc'
he populm impuhc mhcrcuz ' . lm mpa...... o) me
gcmr
'
v: icnon.1'h< arm ... m.; play .. .. dempuy m...- r...; prcnccu
nom and KhCmcsnfhlgh ...... .,... [))(mm nglhcmmman
.

dnclnpmcntnfmassxoclcn
also Shapzd bv 1...

ml

d in mom

'

hbnmum
mmm und imulrancous um...rm xrwre
in. .|..
man......
...a
.:
.: a(mualed mh anhr'
r.
polmunulmml
.....
md isaccompanying
1.

rcvimvm Wrighn mlanumhxp w mcwmk nl'Hudcggcl anxer!

,...

.
IIZJIZKW
hkb (Mlg m'; m

'

burnorcfumm

-W nm-

ndrhesmc

m,
''lfl''ilzimtnhif zkc'dbm
Innsmss md denns
mm
.
. nw .. ccn scsngnc m snflc w
rmmpcd gnmly pm: mm....g Ncgm churchcs rmm w..... door
rullul only, m...... ......gmny me plainrxc mmm: ok m
_

'

"

nplr. Hnw lucky they were.

um huck mx! 'ppcn, ... be .,cable...,...Ao
luuuly .-fhm Wlm mmm.. him.... weu- .|....
..,
1

m uva-u .um
n um. n'-

Imm... .,. , "mm

..", Imwul ,.m

-'
pnhw
uhumaphlm
,te
Ih: Aun um
experiente:
ahuul

Thu:
ku

'

,
rh:
.
m muuu :| uuuk
nu:
Illumly md
through
npUclly
develop!
': ha nmnmc
m,:ulxwd or, uk: m: black mumu, hem
Amen nen where uu
11
Sah: wuh Mmh me opprmaed lm: lcmpud m
;( :| um
Amer I'l
migery oflhmr lixei In Kl: pooh (:! human slagudn m [lm
ul urlnu
gmwlh
ldclvnic
nu
mpolmn ccmkn [me html: Wughl
hu Mum : kl
ol mdusunl development
1d! [hc
-

mw

thh

puxam

manu. power: wer: m (crime. uma urgucd mu hh gm. [: muylie, hdd l:

<
.
.
hm?clwriiylllmmmm
.
byll'xlmm'mul
lu'w
'
"("M
m
(i Mich Falrc,
,,jgp,;;4;';;;,;;f-'K
..
n v mumus nx & um mmmnrv m' |

,,

"de
cm!
.
,
"
.",mfymuumn.wk.Im''d

gica! mdumm Museum um].

nfwu' uguum all nur-kum
:
nka (ms. |: um .
ol
:nuronanK Inch nunumd a um: cast: mm m.
huu
uuunnuuuy
anonymuv pmuded by the mcuopnlluxhldl Em uu
cmd
pvc-msqu
)unm
scr
uu
mn
x u: humuu'm ntw person
by "mmm uruu
crcand
pub
spam
Clan:: :ncmlnu-rs m me um
Ins own da
pormdon pm: de.-uumuzuuu mallmwng uuu to mm

,.m Burgmmdw;mu.

nu: modem

l (: lnAlc
um .,.mgulalcgd

lu mdusu

smi: uumuly m

a. c
(Aplmlmn, .um

me

wuum'.

..

'

was
mmm
um nfa Mississl

as

Lhe

. n

m" m
,
*

,,

""m"
,
cuu'liit
mw,
_

by

bm thse Who
mm,, tlm ha uma hw

q
fnslgncd Hu um;
,,,vwmwmmmm."
fm :supc
tomm
mim] |C
A".m';
m
|Wma",lrcrm,1'l.L
l'" Pln"

wars
,

lmmtdi.

prf
um
Elina: :; ':;J,"mnfm1ShF'mf'wr'hNm

(insane

;, ""*''Smmnnd

n
jm _flgiwm um mcognivcl
.
ms:upe:::";gsefmlfmm Why

Tui: cxhf' "

.u-uu- m

mumu,
m: Mimis
m
"
"Kmui

ulllunlw
l')""ff"!
Blumeum.
Mwm
*mvmpnu-ely mmmllmn
mumu-c
m;:rm
pound
mu-M M, , ? nu.- nml nmlmm
um mmm. Formanv
uu:
"" W " "m eruhri
Em

anlu

munh'

the hmmm

riglu should hc

blue
Crow . zcnxhlp, from Saud-mn shark m mumpolum mumu
sluml
and
Cxosa uxpnmt mm prcdxcmncnz um rheu' dcslmg,
uu m
oMy
ulcc m me .um-|,
u uuu, Em Cross u um anhr's
much

harshh [. u mu cd tur wu mlm

thc md his niluhsic mui: u desk wu),
ldcnzilcd by Eu Huusum. lha uu mmurwuu uuuumu, .! falling mu u
131ng
Cmsfsblvod. 'nm' .You ucmumuuumnm1uuummluvu
:
hny wcunnguu my um me Amcm'
beimcd u unless 1 had Wen
adinsu'd m um mulcs. uu
Negro mm 1le num to humm uuuplmly
h.!sn'x
lm! um:: m Mnk m,
Wcuu mm
(hc Life nfrhe nuuu
Iwynud |m.um]
mar: Yuu'w gum" up md
uh you, mu'u' mumu

arm

WMM

mm
dock:
ly

mu

Mc 35

um, mmc um um
)-'>' fm!"

wghm
*
S::gg'['fgff:":;:f"?
m

"m,"
V

mtl'

doubl: uuou, (lu; mnquc u

luuun um menu govrmmnm. uk:
rn ]n
me pmiuc: nflLKW punhal )Dume) num u_u sm

nunuhuukmdu; aw Tuc/v 'lgfmh

&

'

au um.'
muliuon.

g"

";jg**'s nd lw PhLMI outlook

",

[um

u : .uquc

'ntclkunahsm"

E Humm,,
m,,
u btus um ou um Wuglu um

unumunul

mm?

"mm
,? m A?
D''k 'bd
"=M

.uuupnluuu

butalwmbnngughuminmLonlacxwuhhisucm u,;hudiszblzmmk
um na , uunuumc palwlll
uu u meu ufrcamlll
nimfcrn
muqu: m black though,
mamou

& Xpnal mxm-ASI Cum

,
wu
hc lek um bluks cmouncrcd us no.
- nu
DFW'rglu'x own ufgcmuhhgauon m Audmpt
kl
mp
the puma
BVECCII.
um bc wimcss [o rheu
blck massu (cpmgd orpuux
um horror of mmkr
The words Inch u: hurkd mto dm vmd um mn
Mc,
antumpcau tdenlngvundcuhur: m |U rchginmuudulll
um:
Spin] munwl
em: arme frdnm a
ml
euu?

"th
Charm Davis
"""rrumm"

cumdmggeucd (lm ;, M
n.
; "
;. ima dm [mk

KU

tlm-mumauuuu

um

quesnunsi

P"

'"f''f"
(W
"" vfnivm
"";
mm"
frmlu
"

Em

m and
Mennucs cum umv
nm
um.
[O
Ihr
pm"
(Em
I" """"m"mmv ulmudemm
llmcmucm P
nn " ' lbum
*

lcullnity, Misngyny, and the Limits of

[a] Community

nlcxnnllurycrluml mm.;

(wel-lmlllriwd

appmch lu nenem

,
fld whlcll mumu mlml. um.
ln ""EFCHWM anehl and hmlllny, wl tl
'
"y Bram hm ruund iu pzmuizhal middle l- as lhlnr
hen:
the
ne
hmm adn mml by lhe muzhrr,
mm
me
child ..e [mental mnmlnrv Hc mun
cum-lg
em emm<
"== lngylm mzwnal mudemesx, ur mim, m hh helplcs wy,
thc lumher
.

'-

mun null Mlnlcll.'l11:x: dlwuukvlll lv!

the very
lawv 11, [.
(hm
zudlcnnclw prizcd m lux mh wnmw W-h lhlmgm m hc hueplmbh .
vI
uil lm Ihllnd mlnvcycll hy lh=
hmd ofwomcn lh. som.
,and
in
whldL
coluzmpl oanht's male characmn, um hflhc mm
Wright
wu m
pmduccx me enm ufrhcul suzhcunmy um
uk Imomhpy hclwccn .
zu decnnxmlcl IS through rh: blcak cw
in the em book unread."
women and mal h pmem upa-lah,
provides mun-hill,
Hlmm, me up lle of Bob lhe Pullman pnrnn
whh hh
dismal
hummm.
mcxccpuou to (hts: mudam. closv.
ulcu
mpmcmm
1"
d
[us
(mumu m
ms mmm, hk girlle m, md
cmouaml
nnachlucnh tu um who
farm
lnnbllm'
man's
m
efa Mak
dex u) lum These falum nuy ol' may m =th: hs;m; mnh: :ulrll
l
l
significant rim enm IS m.. ml
wn hk, lhough ll is probabh'
discluskul
lvllghl'.
veluclc
mr
whlm woman ani): wlln became: :!
"xmmngly
ln
me
[mm
malhar sm,. ul'
pmblms omsm
m Ihc :rl
nonmblzmw palaug. CAES fund; hAlf-zmllllaw rcspulm' hc
hmm.
omodem hung Whlch almost cnngnwnr whh hls nw
betwccn mem ludx hcl m sulcidc
vlolelwc ol VVnghK's chama:"
l: Ii ,mpomm zo apprcuam lh]!
noaumplc product ufthclrmalcness mGm'c nrtluktc Mackuen
iu h: (Nlmsm-lu mode of lll'cd mMnUIHW. but il IS nho a (um
dlB'crcnccE
mem
Jndlulhltl
gmshu blacksllomwhltcs ll mcdltcs
| |.
cnmunml
boundary homem mainly scgwgamll, nnrsynchrnnuuh
mmmloh ham-m hr: m the nlllh
clmblcd why (e
TI
m which zh, soclal mm! ohh. clumn! !
collnlizual wlunnl
(um(mw
m um pollcc mmm For erlzhl. nnlcl
thc :nlunucd hmm-md
culouml black wcml hc as a Who]: 1! h. lnzcmallscd nml rcle-iurldll
wulucn mm ,
me mm hmmm lmmhlps. ms mem tlm
Wriglll') vl
be km and m" uma |de , bmlahn' ,e. (ng lll
Hll lelncllshlp hmm. black pam": ami thclrchlldml. lulph
hl; mhng of Ellnl- Dav, lh: hm mme!"
IS
wmlncmg when,
Ile
dm lvl-lglu :uuucucd Ill: mpmlhcllun
W'lght's lhe

lm.

anhn em

&

num"

lr:-

"'

&

mil

.)th

mm;

Ngun

um mula. lu:
mls viulencc m mlulmly wma: nurmnng pm
inuhmlnu
Khz
ul'lhuh
the
Impactofumltelrm ou
bc (rated mam
family in lh: South

child
One ol mc sl.-uhull N gm (mm))": luclllnnls ul'pmlczllng lha
hnmmqulhu l'un: nfl: vmlenue ucllmml
ls lhe se n hmm
,
by huck Mult) lhlhlluhlpl. mh humm wllphlh mn ulmhluu

Innglll N ullublc In makmg

um ufwngllrx Mark Whether . nox
nmbums Anything m undersmnding wflghf hlmsclor m hmmm

X
l

2113]le

m. lr

ufl'hc p 'Ehologmll blnh ml Obycc cholces ohh: Hack

mm
HCIICI
umd
ls

hm

anne anhtk wdn mklldc

um
m: abuslvc paucms nfnunurmg (o wlllch blink ;le
'k: [Eu-mlk; irl gcnualfmgulady g;: nscv The key pomk [hu
l yu comunzd lh: humm louml ln rhz
pmm, domestic ;phrre ro
nllul. putz!; hmm-y (hal lm a malu (,l'phllncal admlulumllou lh
Suudl Thls pubhc (eno! dhl mute tlmu help em. (nndnmlls m
kh pnmt: v Ima: could lllriv'. h w. Umdmwd hy Ihc dnllmnc .mnmnanhm ml vlolcm Whll'h .. .hu uqulml lllhc mnally cmlclvc
il um ws m hmm" .mmmhlv, Hmh uam: hr hnhalily wmv
llincabclwwlvpllhlh:
. (Abyzllcucm:nsldllnllhlnrsmlcn'mwh'
.
became hm m dnw Wrigh:
no
yum:
mm extenllvely upn the
nc okm: bH'WCIZH black; and lvhlzes :| WE. wimin thc Nuk cumilv dm! Tunes Baldwin ucd :; duzusvlnn nfhls llurk m lllSh:
gncml obs mumu About me place nfuolcnce in Mad; hlu'lKuYC
m leglumm

'

'

'

mun "mls mm., by Negmu

GUS
,, : w ba md lm usuahv um

:hm ls gmht mm WR
spa ls hall-= Tl, um: ,,
.

Wl im m lcumm olelght's uau fur m-mywars

" um lik: lh: commdicmn' presentatin cfblgk
hmm,

mw
f wn-md bw. Wrighr's sem mnh: sigmlicmce fvmlcnzz m
mm] htc as & she of hl; lrmuzlblc ambualellrt ronald; the ldm
cloud um] comlmmi _le lh: dcnlngy al'hmily tlm hrlpcd m
TINSCMI

bemwdwhcnthcrh=ln=ofhinlmmhMWM
ohh wmpix md contmd um & J-ngsrhr
mmm
*"
" """ l W'ilhl' rumam 1h: cmpi-cmd um "mural
, tngvzhcl humber
ar um (hit should be Clmlv frmmimd
we can mmprrllrlld um" em um" h has been used m Illummic
nhl L um.: urlhe rmllly flw
lmm bom
anha nmnh
maga
work-. lurllulhlly
llm'k lm ll h mqmml m lh
. hm l:
. uliscd l

-I

||!me

em. m.

M.

wllh'h

lll

anual-Nill: uumlcr nl'llu uil'Hllcml lin-mc m N!!

Jumplu ul lluu W'Ilghl ww lm I'rmnlr

chamam mil murmInkm with

ncnunm uf'M'ng-u

hll Hu."
who wan m: mam-mou
win: m rumou um
(vw-u,
m Wumcu
mm
mm
anmx
hi; wurk ulmld l-
make sem of me mmph'x minwny |||
ul' lhe mpnnam cun
Smughnonvard
. wmgnmon
na.
mm
They hnuld llw |
his pvescnzmun "( Mack md hm umauv
m; mmm-amu inaugumou o!
:nuuect um: mmm mlsogyny m "(black mauulml) . wl) :; uu .
nu (hc msn ncnon
sprinklcd
m dum-um:fcmmlsn
um promrl'cmlmxc mucmcm;
muahsmg
Man
FFA'LLI
>;
tu me I'm
rmmplc, anhr began
Fur
um
by
a me ,uma: urwumen l'mm um um
mxm Cougm lamcnung
Ihnm hm .
il
ofvuu MW: umiccd Umi]
how
.u'ul

! dunk knnw

many

.md mpousauly rm... lhw

muctmmng mu;
no
"10111111: (Nr muughxs. nm
Land ] helping m mold md

mm

'

um a 4

'

um
um mim um manpowu,eu
nw rm,
nm br rm mun me" wumcu
cnllabnnunn. mm mm
.umplhlid
been
m
um anm ; hm
suggm
m
,
gumvhnacda::plmncdnfmuuclmlmcxp
hl

mhcr
pmround, Lhnugh snmenmcs mpRch, dimu M |.. 4 wmud
cmd
nim.-m : anhr', ,ng
ms und: inadcqunu
xepmcan
purwynl nn ml
vI
me
This sm Ium (hsmmscd'
um.-urh: dvmmlg.
pm
lmlv
telma ru
[vrausloncuzedRcunn um nm
lcgiuma y no .
den
mi ( ami uma
qunhues umha mmm but
which me um, mduw mm b'rmm
Amman: hzcmn' mim;-mcg
nf
posmuncd ar (mc Mng uflht gum km y
Ibm
.;
xdculM
thdes anm[charswhile
Nmk- Humm, em
(an A..-mm [volumen
placed ... Ihc mha Her muay
uppusuu,
md
hls
um. me dimetil) perSprcm is though! m
cmmmc
hmmm
azul ruma! "mun"
to me nvaah um]
Wuch- .
mmc pomc cuuntcupan
minimum wll-wnmmlsly mademhl
411

ms

<

um

Im

mm

more pmmsm
".,mmm huhu mm, lm
Lonsrvmusm aumcr,
wolcuuw
nn
m
mm mm. .qu i. nun-ww! ..
Gn dw mm.-uu. wmr

&.ng

mm:-ud

mmmafm

nuv

'

:x:

.mln'J

malu sum-|W which

nn black mmulmiry
!; dvxwuu:cofnphmr:
me
cumrnuunal ACU)!!! unha: pmmw
.
my luir: woxk
Tm wma wllukd iu um umhnlnny Mum
as m anm :
'
undcxsundmgnhhu mumu point onda.-Jum md mu
us
mam:
God Am um:
ngm
um" w...? and MemMan
n:: cnh:
pms, "Mmmdw
play
The
Whu Wu"
w
: xvclzfngmally Wnncn as
aurohingmphmal
Chlcago ,; mor: suavghrfomardly
mminu.
vox"? , 7
anulm
Emy Starr.-1 cflhc
of
me mm
.,th m n:
:; ..
dual Wen: sm com-cm long hdi-m: Exght Mw
ser pms
mM
1:
. published m 1961 Th: Mm Who Saw:
foreum
'
N;Mumvwn m ff S
m :: sten'cnllcd$1k pubhshcdm
msn-n si:. Iil'
1937. and The Mm Who Was Almost : m.."
: 111

[anunn'
mu :
ery dumas mmm ... Hmpmxamrm
Inwfd back cvc mmm m [H'RV'J Hmm, novel m'a Wu lu | :x
Undcrgxmmd":
,
?" :hczulvhmcs. "The
zw
521: ; ,
ughrs mm: accompluhcd plccc mxm Hmnn, mu (me Brad-m;
mplctvc novel ma: kjccud um-nho" by Hmm and
::
Lo
Tlus dummy uniam otfcrs ch-ncngc rh: madcrwhu M
;
::
sonic of the collccnon .15 : um cd whnlc, (nnuzczed b nu
nni:
;:
ahccr imc: m'us Mlllm's chnnahw ]: rcqurcx [hit dos:
l"
n m the Ungum urcach pwq mim Ihc him)"
hcfnms
mw
m
mm;
them
Way.
[mulher
um
Sum:
u
na
rm
volume called Hw Mm. However, the imm:-H:;
Iulhn
m.
mi: M;,;
m
hmmmfor
cwuumlly
the
law
mm mm
un

.,

&

'dasauncho

Wu vhr hm: Jud: diem:

m <a (;;;th
",
mc whn [ake chi lin: un (om-Tau
: uu
by the
lhulogy orpxms louwly
boo:
nim da :o( dixer? rh: Wxxhlhry rh. dm mhublc hu]:
]
a
5 27353 ??..''..'f"'r "L'
Somzrmnf Hikiilffuh
nh

&

Words niem-

'

nflhcconfrlcncc,xtnulozacncinum'
"mnm
mm.]
dim
md
When
mm
wummw.
ou
omdm
um m,;
hope lhcu- Sha lm au uni:
confeknccfand | bope m mu,!zh:
mm m hu, m mnhnm m
unhznon o ngmwomunhond m
(.
pool mu rum . Perhaps sm: hnngnwr
"gm m nur
01 mm, [Ius WJ! .m mm
amludc,
colun
em
lw
suuggl: I'm mcdnm. ngmt great u
.um mm
is the fuwc ur Womcn
::

nm
tlcumm

uml a; [ht xmnznz fur mdnyx (nluoluhl: but unhclpf'ul

1 mluh x adequa: mmm
"father wrizcr Hzmrvrr. the

pm .

'I!

wma.

1,
um".
nfvnpxd Rmnn Louzcnz :
nmcrimuncmnd
:va
" |||:ind III'KM' Urbi: mcmpmw
Much Amu-Am kacs uu
the
_"

um!.

"
ir wu Wm mm:VCTfETmM
'

nm

memx

flair:

mm

inur.
.
Wright wl! iii ii ikule: nrnumnhl
Mmtr-mkv!
bum
mic :md agem w 'm um ii.
(hc pubiimnun oi lh; lim hmm m very mimi nviuwii. Wrw
iilui nld,
imrku
5 = (omniodiw
(hi: mieii iiinmi iiuurymk ("mmwa:Wrild"
mu Pm
5 Em. Th: mu which um
|)"
rccmirmmenmtoi to que me mim mimiiiiim-m H) iii (i
piujecimdmnkuhnim,ir"ieiun himieii'." ii: wuiiiii cvelhm

'

c iii:

red

"minimum

w"glil

runiily nim comiam I'm iiic welfnm oi'iiix Immcdi'ln km ii nnx

,
_
.. Aummu
ou llkkm . 1! III: br! . dci, mam]
ty imiii Wi Il hc is dccpiy

: .

,,
m m .
mnomi:nicirinmlir'istihmhd

origiii'i

ms pening
-

mm"
1"

K'-

"

" "'m

'

damincd by iiie palm: and mimi

mignn,-w.,? H
hospital
[hc
Mcrnm'
H'
md
mm
um
,
'

inn-nn nr

:::?LTL &???"

suma mim

n
D

(his combination ohms wi,giivs mim [O :nmplcig au immdu

(ir
nw volumc WhiCh muiii luv: .uuculzkd hu UW!) conceplmll
11de
mm lImKVlxsecnuanlmpvnankslgn iiuiimniiiciuswm
gntifnnlfimdamcnmll) ucnugmcmwidl one mimi-xiii: mi:
:nmmci'ciai mauwuvm iii-maul m mi
wimen mm a swim
Fan
flag, lg em, Thc
llw Wing appcnls m um em um gim-. _.
and Bev" rid uma Nhn." fmm iiic urigiiiai leiirslon' Jnllmlnuy .
iusykon nfhs agtnl, Paul R:) nolds, is [mid as .umlllcr )iumcr mim
inmicial .
m
ou lhe mi, Manu ofami piiiiiiiu hnm ,, qm
foi
mvu
mon, miam lh: icmns the nowippnnnu: Uraniii'i
crl
ind
iiiciiiy
iiimiiim
duuzon, [hc mmmpnmq su:: ol bim
thcuihumucz
"rifa/uu i
dcmands iiiinveiiiqiiimiiim ami i.,m
.i umq' md fim, as [(S
|: mmm
It does
iim m mn: um thrughmv:
[hz bond .,rumciiiiimy iim lim iiie .!

MEIA INIIINN'

[mm
.
fw-
" "

sm,

described ai a liinhtrillumanou oHVrigliik Fundamc Iai disiastc I'm

.. mmc
It is piiiiii m
view ofhix ncia]
pm,
pm,
um...
which
iiiai
upmuiblc iiii-iniiiy um
iiii
in
inieipmmi, oi
mw
iclt .; what has muda..., Ih: iiimginiiim L'ulircrive gum and

mid

,.

vm.

mmm ,,, , bnndo:;ili,

23:13?:fgl'f'xfftt
"
abstmcl
ami
an
;;
'
im : uiiw Aii im iii
,
,,
,,

mm:
'
'

comuns m ...um

anil me .ii-qiiii nn nn
im, Dil me mammhip bclivccn manh ,;
mnHriuntiuul
ly demands : Mim ,, lts
Wim nricry f "uw
K
-i
Wright, and h DW" drm dm m Pm-i MW"
which
hc
has
com! iii mm.-uniu.
puuiiar psycllnlogicul img ii,
"mimi iiim
hiack
from
n,:
Hack
msnim

Iumkif as
man
mimi
piiiiiimi
m iiuiun
hom 1.18 'hll: me" ivhmdiuiiimniizanhland
ici-nue
ur .
Wrigiii
(me;
At
m
mk
lm Lm South
ni: pcm:

by mg
.
de, [hmmm w Which
ml..":
""",?
um
benrm the Collulsling mod:; ni-".m.i.nm,mWd
&
tlliinks
fi,)
oisfieim'ii
iii
ii
mimi chamam The wiiiie mm,
Mim) he work; ] mf
bim: man Wliu fome: m (hc iiumi
.
iu im. io smiigie hill! The hlzck mfmnmii fm
mihi-size for i gin oriiuni rim hc brings ou h .
i VISA!
nd
(]
th: man ai me
ofThc Man Who si iiumi"

_.

Pltgem

pplcd

bmw.

iiii-

hi

own devulnplm

Bim an. wiigm idcmifmi iiuigiiiiiiim

Ingobcyiludlkldulllhl
dumb glasrhziinrmufhhmllrmd
num'
whri Tiii raia ix cspuiiiy unmhlc l'iir iu mmm orais
In
mi,..iiidiii-imuly
pmmiiimiimmi. WhL'HC Kntlderunlf n)|
iii: limit vilem mi
inimii iiii- imuhiil nl . i-iiiiiiir iii.-wii

mm

lim

mim??:

nim

Dxt'asoclanonofhnmanhndiwm[hepmwymukvhw Hmm
ha um".
mc pmie 15 dtmrmmcdlv mai, mm,, lu prohicmlixc
prix-end:.
association; [mm iiiiici, Dave's (hmmm! piimiiii nfrhc um"
The Man Who lecd Undcigmiiiii " .; .. "um. mult implan ]:
iimw Milho iiiiiii wl
in me pci ,a
originam

comem

,,. 'uniinusiuibmd.iiidrziieriuckcdmmsysiemumci
;
" br:
mm
.

&

anil
and (Comunic aploimzion xhzz hc cannot contrai
cs rhc ry c oiiiian he is able m iic This meme i; exEm":
ima fu21i. m"
Where
(if/UI Work,
mimi agi, pim
an "CEI
lm
&!qu
i'iiicii
pmcd ml: iu dcmonsunting [hc
m
(md

irn

gui.i=zmi..zndanunciamos?
:

fm

riiewiirciuofbiici
XiM
CXPIUIIMIUH, Curl,||:hem.|:Veranuhcrmsponxible&
in:?"?
me] uh
liiyniiiu h-hy iu nluhlmi ..mii
|- ir
md iii.:

HDI

num m

nullilxnly elias
imwhiuii
will CII-IWF

'""' uni-dimu

me in
iii-u in

nue.

[U N'
hikimrvtiin:

h! Amd

nrpmmy.
,mme
nl'muk, hmmkecprr.
Ihc

ns

pu

humm mmis 11. . :cmally

her

the wife,

dresml

h.,

cm

angry .

cohfmuu

Ihnlngy
err lion with lumbugmphy .um um

kut

naked white wmuan

uma .: .mmlm o

mwlwzl lu
fzmi m, m wmv: wk, Lhmlgh um m
m
Aun
m
without lhe usual canumphe "um, um
m 'um" dal:

white
:
um [nn w |. me
Ihc culumsur [mm Ihc diry.
ofrhe cnlumscd [o
plmshmcnz md zlw ml.. is durly
www; umrdnel nudes nmmic
hip mun
m neo mhmnl mmm.
ccmed mm (hc Holmes
Alarm-FILM . nl'
uu pwcholo ' n ummmm ohne Mum
llvc mmm equipment "
my m in:m rh. .=mms [mm
mz cxpncnsc mr ul:
ivuuhmnn
The Espin em . gruupx [o hw m: bysldc ser um
.
rainy
and um. nnlagonvsuc compmm owhzl mns um uma
.;
mumu
nh.
Bom
Inllmw
ram un
mis
[o the un: mm
sm,nunes"
blnrk um!
rlnppng.
rh. suhdmde the crm mto o
log.-m
Em mmm m mh
mmm-um. rms mlc pmicms another am
Jud
m
whose
rom m upaquu w '
[he mmm ozhc Mncans
confluem: of mca, mmm; and naum
uwvnlu

nwlder of . mm: mm ,. rm mm (hc

concerned no(idx dmhcnumnn m...; nglc:

nl"

anm'

amm

view Ufa

uu

mm;

mm;:

puma,

xualc zgcntx

nw

hc

Emu

dous. ram
Ifth: mumu w. able m me

Smuc ul rhc Ago.,

me

chun; m p. m wk black mmm

mlunnm izh um. [he 'umuld msm upon u, using the dmms lunm.
brim: lfzht mmm nikuam :hcv would Klum to lhe o! E that [ht
ml Ms mnhngcrr Th: verge black Woman WuuM um: mmm
&

um to one uzhc mxm md chlthleil hospxmk m Ch .ago Two um

'

nas:
LC:

Who Wcul m cm.-age

[mal
m thz Mm, um um
um .
um
ama )vmnun orsvugm .uuuhmgmph), Hu WWW-i mim
m' uma uy m h 1h: |nurney unnhwlhl
quem. m em (hc mmm
nlmlmmcnl'lrlu mm
.whrgcamnum .me ,vhmpuhhshr wma"

muscd (hc mm
shunt
uu mmm
Tm
., m Ncwncs
.angk
:
bc .g
.
Ihc
Im:know
'Ihlup. mm: .mlul m
m
xm mr dmhimm ucmng ml; mm ,.m
mm
m.
y

num [Ius

ufrh modr
The Em! 15 the exclusion ofblmks from thc png
.md
r&gme
nf Nuwlrdgc. The animal 5
nunc immune
.
secular (:mplc m- m
glu's growing sms: um rh; black worms m
me libommn
'
mpcm num to dn mimi, cxpemncmc upon tu
]
Who
whxzc
the
Aoclurs
thc
,; In
supunlse
Wah,
- e.

anmgumsm

hmm" me

'
However, Ius own
uma piscou] mpmsenmntm of black semi
imu' 13 dimmcd m & Ion: nfbchdcrmcnr and mmm Th: ["mar
5: Amdnmms m [hls should not bc mivtnd as Ver annrhm 0qu

.
.

.:

.,; [hc must . )lhnlngy m. amu

;;
iz
w
mid
Mum, W . mcisMw
the [um mau as a cemul prcunox
zumlur
xmry
who takes um aggmm ml: un , , (K..um
dvslmnncly
Lo
Mam mm mmm- nf
mc

mmm

Lhe

[mg of hi: ramal mf-hma-

MAI.

Mum, anhrk
(zum
em!Xe for as smkmg

mn
The dcpwsxmg

.
um

um mm
(hu

um um; strupukmsh' conmd num red mmmv um,

Washmgtun Nmmnl mmm]
Iuhus hshcr. 4 black mim m:
murder nr.. hhx'mnu, um:
for
in
me (hcapprnprmmm
"um (u (hc (term: chnr llnaginuw
( Ihc" "um:

drama"

wn

'

penuhmuw pvccc, The

.wmv;

by its mmm
"mmFellow
CCHng,

dirty hnrn m pubhc Th:

um mmm
m
[Ius
hombl: xv mm damm hun m thc eyes mas:
pammpmon m

um m a"

m:
Cmlgcv again Mn. "mm.! mm
Parlmn u
.1 mort xmrywnncn mly'
Shadow,
Who
Wn'alu
defend
Fur mus: 'hn would sak m
wm
n ,; .. mmm, rm
a(cusmrinus "[Woman hiking. Like Flw Man
uu' '"ch
San, ;: vs mmm bmw nu ww'mnny
um
m

Amm'mn

pcvcrishcd Women from whom

um

wing Elm Pw, Ihc

um] mmm mnr:

by
deax

arm-.mon nfpcnoml history

mm.-m, of
um mm zm
.md
mhuonshnps
bum:
ompxmgmg
m
.
&

m..

em

'

was hahpcnmg m (h: msnmte

"mm: m Mm
wnh wlmm ) Wnrkcd.
um

mu

il!
um bem

um
:

und-uu

na know the principi

um
uma
mad: mm the gumca pm

um when r

mw mmm"!
Mudaym,, m
.

me one

mmm.

um.

nl' m;

mm

Vl

mm,
um
um,"
na(hmgmzermuvl uolidmty-u Frm-mn! amu-ummnmlnn
mundana. .
um), "um b: E tu mmm
'.
which m um... dlmlly am
um anhm mu, " num sr,-m

um:

sz ums ter: mmm

um,

xraceanle m thc

dive" uA (Adam Them ;,

.Ingaumm. about(h::hnncfylhnlmghnmcmnmnkmwpmducc

'.

nrrzngcmenn thanxnrk against the" um! mmm That: is mlwnys

fm mklnmxm' and opportunities fur bhck polui-al agency scmm
in Much !" .ihbdly
md hAS [aluga buddws (armam Aggx: West, nn
[mm hev Who ,; rh: church pmmg! md whom tlm)
bdin: m bc

mg.-mv

,,

hum
|"le

.qu

mm

Khzy dvd um know; md.

pam whny: muse
and me, ul ('R' .ur wlwn
mas: dc-xmnllscd dog mey would md
bclwccn u
m An (x)Iowa MgmtMummy."
old [um
racml Commun!Y m mommy hen |I km; In the
two pum (his ml!
urkv lu .minha JW,h) o! the mldesn'uiuon of the lab where me
the a
have um, hc
humour nm Wughl u um mpposed m
by
me um? *!
'
mama: knuwlzds brught about
qunta fm animls
spear.
plevmualy
had
=x:
[hc num
um na
non arm:
Fur m.- puxposu ut llmhcal mmm Ihc halfrmluwums smc un
mly vs ,xlm'wn m hm
me nrder nfmcul dama.-mun lm mmc m
me mlmrdmun: mm.mm.; when
Nem eu She douumm as well .
umiw rh. the zmunh um Mum engaged ... (mm, m m
"mm Around.
1 wn-m
m
Perhaps black num cxpc wc wmvmm mmuuh
it . .dm n m
W"
and
1: nn'uudx m... curam pmmom
WWW..
ul:
.m mmgm. ve. fuudcmcm w
orcnnsmim hymudeuhcm
sdxmsxry while hmmm. the?! u .
mc zh: wmcmumcss
nl mmm
Thu smkmg
n.: explunnun ofrhal ldw'lsir . (Zhiczgn Images
wctaenl the
nm Mm Whn Wcrn m
ngnisn
und
conchmon tha: m [he cnudmons ul (mmc pnv-luou
world fur
mm mmm
(,; [ha
Ihc

mmm

'

P'P'hUW lhuuwgw

'

&

mm
...m; hmm. mrks. uma,
Kril ,vumph' mvonrcd 'could nbxolh them, mmmg like chvklrcn over
Mwm
Ko ha: xomclhlng, [o
tu ducplv
ham ofcazh olhar m Urdu!
rmsmusrcmmingl m rhmwhmu
,

"

'"1" h" ""

Mch
bk
"'. ' complex: " b dm
he vlwed
une which
"lu: mou
m num-fui an-"Pr
m
'

'

(msnJung why ol

'

'Iphllwphil nvel vn "g blck nim

nghf lm been amem-1 [ur mf sucming
inahxh'ly m
pm m a n .g,
Jus
klnmug
wk wmnmmw ,.. work. humus, nutrida; md
.
mm mm" dlmppomz Ihc Megi: um Armand farpuunw Images
ncksocmhry Which hc Look plcasum m (cpu
hug Where mmmumw
il is usulll Cnir! Ilddzn. ils In lh: hnaptll lab. Peopk
m,
27: bound
ch other by umvc a: u.: d::p dlngreemcnu nm counnml)
:mlnp
.
the clan-m
ofany mim)-mn nual culture. Hwever,
LW nm.
fund Wing) < pnmm efa nua1,dy|1a111Ac, black commumry Thc
pm'e
us- Inner orgmc And svsztmmc lmagr wa; d::rlv bought bv Wright;
[) [asim-mun Wlth
nx cmnumvz, scwul, nnfi mmm] xuazicmon The
buldulmgxlroman
k_m
Fxsllbcllv1uck:r w:
nn muro.:
lnm gmmng mto lelhnud Ihmugh .| vai-czy unurmmum with hh
, nu, pms, and hkmfu mnh; n...| "hummm m,, mm md wk:
rendnzd mmm, Munn coulmuulty withut mun; nnycnn
m
DHS ku the
uml view Th: holuupllnhlu_m|..
plusums to pmdllw .!
y, and nhcl Annan1.11 mnlmw ul . bli-rk
.
: wav (IM: mln
m : mmm, Elm m.." hw Wm, WIII rc. Mend: md blwuh:
m; nlggcniun um hewu ou:
. me ancusaufm ofbnnyll a_gwn
cr,
mxluhangmg pnzztmx al nr. m
the bom!!. Num ul'kheu: nas.
..

mr
a fam lmwcuv :wn
&ch
cluumc
[farta] mm ..
muuduces m:
uma
md
mamamu;
m
.?"th
aS .. mmmgnmbol ufrh: alumina mma
'
and ('uukc, L.;ckxng-mmum.
!xl

Wri
glm ; wmv,
mim

'

'

'

um n llmld qull

docruls had icurncd m Imirim du

Sem um me "dm ,m,
mighx uplodh" n
mud,, W,

km.

m. =er

rum

'

mmum wcm mm: wuh nbhln, dw WMM

me

'.

W Em mmm, , fd me cm

[Em
gwhlch
mw,
:nmy .ue spomzncounyproduced;

"Hmm,",

m cm"

Mgem mmm?

.
Mm? qn, quccr nggerw
Aggxc 3; ; pmncd, buthe LM

Shou um"
zm scramed.speak

Ncrvnuhytc
not mmc of
.Mvzncc und Snatch zh: baseball Lm ou:
nude-sam
.
"mmm &
hnud. um"; um lm. s... hsllcd Asw
Tony,
.um a.: (hm
um
mma-uy
und
punchcd
lllppcd
AM: , .
ler:|
mad lu uu 'um. muy "um mmm.
uulh .

f"

mma

!nnglv.

mam/=
um
Never nmugh! arthur." Sum ldmhmd

mas.

11

Wnim-nan quu Wklulm

mind
Much of zh: hook h accupkd m'rh ah uplumiuu uhlle
ih
'lym:
lm: ur
bnwccn Fxshbclly and his uudzmhcr mha. 'rym.
ln Ib
gheutv
Ill:
uva
pronuncnz black hmmm who nelas: mmml
me
wink$
Shar:
Mm
bdy ofmmlpl lnczl
um
w

mhawiencc bccumux : wap-m mmm h

hmmm ams nunk lnm Ihe mm: mm'- hun-W
mw zh- mlmle mmpzsshm rm... nh: whlm h mmclhl
cxphcilly [mk m m:
hmm/mw mlnxlovuhlg whuh '"
r

(Hibernian
;
rmm (har ilha: schema m

.qu

Ihr.

(Im Ihc mmblc Man: In the chlen

ded between hn; and pily rlul he um
um
mm do; the chlszulnl )uu hhve :rul.W. &
n.
me & hc could hm humm Ium

the sugrcgucd &.th

cunlmulng bnss m'soml
ofdepcndcnzv which whiwxmw bem (mun! w ,. .
ms cut ih: nuh
from him and unhas Ilka hn, but h: docs tlm ln "Mcr In mampu
CNlnDK hmm rh: pmw'l ul'
zlmu. Th: scopc hc anja); zo mma (hun
hhz
vs (cumnly signmuur.
umlmtmml order [hu they smm'nl.
rolcs mhz subscrwcntc rcqul s, h. mh
h.. apanha pzrl'm'mcr ..: the
perfcv'mauccw m'r hl] :
lndced (hal hn sun mltlily ,msmmpzm tbm:

.ves, h: hung hh head,]

WW

mw
& W

_.

und :cnnomv: Mc h.

mmm. rmm ofmcdl nr: ln Ml-inlpplx

_zh all the
zhc
umhgm hrhh ha;
;, am wu
hlxuy

'

anhis

hmmm,

ul'cnmmul]
hm :yncmphilompl
'zl

bnok's mnh:
(o mnhumu zhh Mmlgcmml Th:
Wghl'S Luz.-mr
the um
phchomgm dynmucs me comzuzcd m vn
zhc
wnuhgh nl F
lave Struggle hk): 1 cxplond ,.. chapzzr 1 zhmhgh

en.-L Douglas ln
pmpccm: dus mmhznxhip [! mlk-:d
shxmh m b:
ks dnlziuc hfdepcndchq md mnghhmh h

&

thc
"
h uppnfufm
|

!"me :=qu

hh

ll-f

llghrrup
: cat rnlluwlnl
umd mmm Tucchkl'mmzd, unzlmhluun
W:] Eh
mbellv km zhr 'l'vmc wu
.
" whnha
,
esmmzdandlemmnedsll .:
W'ul:

mun hke

||:

almminu

'um zu
uudcrsumd now. hh rhzhemh phahghhmhh a
elfmllcll
Lhe whuc mhn ami hw "acting was 50 Ehh/less, ao scclmug
hu hu hem
mat hhhhehy hs up.-m. Tm
; nuh whnm know
ryu:
dm
nuz wan: w
known, a (amu whom he badu-d .th
hra
.zmhg , zhm
cw;
mmm the rom md locked hz [um wuh zh:
zha
whhc
llull |wa
zm-ncd to which the Knemng white mun. When
fuchange
cuhmrhh
Flshbcuvsaw
zumzd comum me (mudar,
;
h.,
;
hack
kzsr their bem
mmm,
mers faze and mh he's kms
sumghmned, hh um: HJ hmmm m hi. ;idm, mm mm diz-umd.
hu n:.h'lu'd um und
foohsh hummm hz zzpmshm .u' ha. .um
crushcd ashbcuy w hm.

Fnshbclly

',wdclmmrlnkcd This has mmm whom zhmugh nn:

ai calblapk
: .,
Enzo thc hsm-mmc rhylhms
m lymc's Anducnn of hn
of z;
wu
huuhhmd, chhs. young mm mm whom Tvm: lm looked ..xfhxz
; hpphzcmh congensual .mnvcmehz
.clucd hs ] mhz ofhh
leh ..
_Twe. m hvs role as zh: (own's
undumker, discusses zh: mcamn
Tog
5 mm
mm. mm Aus plrmer (urmpuon, zh: lm. daew. chu;
mermo oldcrmcn uy zo propel zh: boylmo mancha] and m)
.
|
mazohz, thrnugh griAy mnhmumu" wnh ()!: munland rp sz
'
;
h thc hlstufhshb
[un-naum
wuh dent

::

Mm

zhc bmx ih kpnxm'm

The Wma mlarxnushlp hz th: zum hr
.
zhch mun. Armml
mhz; lmh ofihc mm himmh, whwh gtv/cm:
won
pgycholugxca! theory dry-Md hum s n'mlmg oernuunl
[hu
.Kzuvmn und mndlug
nllu "pum
EAI. Wright mph. uu

hmm
llu- Vw

of
white

||

mn

Wlm
hmmzhp u Ihr
mmm nlunuu-Iup
m um pum-n
]uu um
nun
hr
hmlhrl
um
".wmv:ml
lhmm

hummm

Th: gemk- h cm: Em," (hc doctor hmm

mmhzhy nw h um fuugxlhlcd hlm .h .] g.!pmg hal: bcmccn the
m bxa. with dulhulv: "Ilex, hzhmm hh hand! hemmsly (o
.

Klllmu [um

Tlm hm

ln lm Luc nu, Ynn'nl lllmk

,Nu! Tu gu m: uma m um
'lm, And vuu ran bcl n Im nfwmw
almml |" |M
w. km [o bc ,ny uma m n pum-.,
Em um
5,131,
They
Im:
im
rins
m
um m llungle
mznner

us um; m n pmmed o uhuy,

Analysis

oranhrs Eg.!

[hcy 10

mi!

hai been lmpovcnshgd

;: mun nfhh

.,

anhr m

m.,
PW

mmm W

um

um W

'

mm:/mm,,

um uh muuury u .. Ilulw: up m hummm

um... 'N
um um
ofrhc pai um umpmfw
um
of, [ mm... urdmw. me um; rm;
;
...mufmc um. m rcncwclx ' : nunc num Iunp uv"
m lrmbcnnmmgjmolufrhcmlmg
Unum
a

lmxcmlum mha m
w nun smplod um m

'

.:n

Incw' cmxhzmcmpl num

m" m um

una. .., um: (Kidman

n.: mm. (uma

my (mm . um(urmlsm zlmz'

um only me redeem", nc une.

n.: suMucl

a
um, um ou. hummm mu hzw Ihc glR nfhlmiug rlvc mk
um. .
mmnmzd m. men thc em mu um uma rmm
who amu,
um.
bu !:
And nas
m)

exten

w.:m an;-M;,.

fli'i;
&

mm

mgum
hw mmc num me punimlm u: Ihc gcneml, r'mm Am! .
. amning
u, nur efa pm o where
m Eumyv: .md mm, mm cmainlv gu
dtcmamca ( Euro.um
um - choose between the unsnuxfmuorv
sn um
md black n..iomlnm Th: Gm ignomsW'xighr, Ihc
is
rm yl
wmhlcw
m':
Hung (hu kappa-md to him aim he
mmm
rama ..rwmu .
naum
schemzs nf mmc hmmm
mv clhmc Am
black
bc
who
mcuphysxcs
nor
yusl thpenzd u)
mn m a um
Amznmn whay: c.:cnual Amcm Hmm
Pcrlmps
mon: than uuy m . :
cumprchcnsxw cnnque nfwtstcm "dmg.
bum thc puma um! me mun
wntcr h: showed how modenuw wi)
aimulmucuuily nu um
wluch hlark pol
gm H mk articulam
fax-med Mm. 1:
um;
uau and : negam)" hh: mmm ;thalinn um
:rualily whichww
sider-nu

WII |:

:
lcrrhk thing hu: hm Mail o IclnAmch .
um
ou['W
3.325
um n-uthg
um me
mV mew
ma. Thzywwzc
.
mw. by | m. m
1dmuc
kmd
a
Ptupk Wim have iv mk;
um
nfnmlglh
Mwm,
,
'
,,
md mu] mm Mm [hw bdlevc.
pm me"

hmm

uma

rg Memory and
Slave Sublime

'

cultural
ovcndmuicd mm m: .amc nmmw dcimuonx ul'mcalkedwh h
red
pmxxnn um 11: muggled [o ovulum Th: pau m'his wnrk
asslmhuou m dx: great :Lhnoctnmc cannn anfnmwAmch
,
have been m': uma, and much (vit vs mM out of pnnL o :.th .
cmd plulosnlvhy
of me Adami. Iusmnam of European
[hum Europe .!
shown mu: mms: m Ius work nr m : rdmomhip [0
mm schools ofnpmssmn mm whom hc .mmcm, r
wuSimone de Butmu may um: acknmvlcdgcd dm impact nfhs umlclmn
Sumi m, hul (.
mg ofmcc and non on her upacuy m um.mu 'n
unpllcinons of mis counmmn rm centmxpomry po na mmim um.
plond md mimum: msmnms cvics and mmmcuu um gum.
n .*
ally preferred m mkuhm the boundaries ofnztmnzlit and em n'
wl
hfc
movement
ufonc
the
hm shown um: mzhuslasm tur connectingread
intcncxluallv
mmm
to
.: mun
um ofauolhcn ww
anhr
.v,
Gum. mumu. sum. and the other Pansvans mm whom h: w.. u.

hmm

um

.um m

m: mmm. has nsmmge, mumm:

powcnn black pal

speml
nd
yume, Cnn-im"; us
rom
sig: scemx mx ippmpnnc
Lugui
with
bmyk
me
end oh
Mulh to
about black and mod
-n
,
I]
ou um .p quucndv 'm lhe culmml (nuclsm um has ._.an
lllnlnguc with black pnhu'cJJ
dm." [: apetite: as & mam m
laia dlvurilly urbmck :xpcliuufc. This suggeu mu, in me hand;
ck ("nehuma md mim m um, the pumm of smiul um
lumnnmy lm [united my "um. me pmmuc of modenuzy
mmplu tun-n Klm u olltu undmmm :o |:
hn upluue-l pmly through Ihc Hum

'
-

'

(hemos: pnwcl'fulcxymi uuflht

%
".qu mm Ihc vcnrw l'rum 'cv

ntal-y to PagaOn".

!:

1h:

up:-luau!"

um. num

riu .mumy mu,! mmm-nm "

humniz
dum! mumu

'

'

'
oral-=M
.
'nlmli
hnvr .ulmudy (mmm llu: wurk un.-w
-
and
Immd
m
"mm
mhnm chu
pum ||st form urmmz
mmlnmhy Menu m p
'ricn of mf (mmm; md Aplmmg)
dnyx. Ap,-341. m IM .
(luz!:
fauhmnnhlc
Hmwver, mi; opuon is ic
'
"pular.
cfpumy . the bm; ul'ncmV mhd. )( m um:
mvimuml mn
afim anchured m dm ar-mmm mai ou

the

nm

mm

pmmsuc ::nunw

m um ofrmlllics

lhcmpcmir

and

mmm,ol'u um

'

. nr m mm.m ...-...um

um";
Life

&

um

n.

mmc apprtclmrm
A

|E

'

4.

Ml

m rh: Ummi sum m null 0! Ilmlln

forth: hiunmal . | mmm almlnrmm

ungm.A1:z

un.!rypoeum:whxuhclilmlAm-

"Arm Slnw Sums" = mmm oumglu m um inllwzm

lhe
Ar an iu Amcnm rmm (bommm onum nl'hmn'y .um
eu
dlu'uu.
rum um(cnzmrt ou smdymg Aim-am m um inncr
ler um.: NunIuasz Ummd
sum, Inch 15 mammhlc, : mm ht
wuh
Ihc
back
ng African
m. dmm
ohh: mma lh. um
. :
.1
up)-:, nu: mude
Mmcuu Negro wnhuux hmm JL-mw

'nm

&

Li.

..!

mm

'th

pqomnvn term thul

A Mm
lugyns

Ihc legmmncv . m.-k um: | nn

a rhcwrca! gen-um dm a,,ms
mim! um urwhir: supre
lockcd in a dcfcnch pum: sair-m
scts n-mhan md num(cmuy Aga mh mm. .me):
almmmex . mxm "meumm .um Uppm
m mm :nmhnum, when: m- m wu ungiu und |||th nun!

[hu l'hu- ' nl'hinmry. um um n

mmmmn, poll! mncnni m.!
.
pmmlcu lcmpumry hnlm' m whkh
lmdmuu mmmmr .. Minut

msgmm

'

dimmc; me idcn nrnclll Hm

cal LDHMIIHKIII by imikimi

: nunot um A

|;ka

em,

wwe.1dmm
hum

who

MJ,
and

and mlzuml rum; um

(hu: mqucmlv amcuhkcd hin rh: :d

The discount: o((mdmcn A5

[ mlalmy mm
m m West
nqucs ul'modcvn' produced
inside the rack-med munmrculmrc: |<) whvzh mwdclnty gnu bmh. (
Ihc udea ormaiuon m n am. the :uhuumiun. m cmu-rmb. .

Mun-"how
cd the ships tlm would
mry them imo

lm

mry.

'

rheu m uma.
"um um! m Al
Hngw | uysumminuhmlypunnwuuumr

'

4]

.md cultural lnzeguty to the

.!le

v(whichthuynrumiimm Mycnmpml.
the Slave cxpcncncc Wh zppem
um |.

' m
.

'thmy nfrhe phnlnumu " :sz mill:

unhlc win wmpmdmnmmumnmpdw

um

Amidvoush um] consumiu. m Amy

"rum. i. m lw ncqmml. mu MG't

basilic nc ms work

snulllclm"rhnr' wre'nmnmllunlullll
diglxly'lwpifiri:]wbt'ulufmeac revi-Sankt!
. |.
; mm (hal, pm em the umhagoluwd' - -

hmmm dusm unmww mudariam rhum-

ou
umlblackmmkm
wnvalway from(hedouhlemnscmusncsslhaztnxc
.!
beneath
ncw hrk nf '
lu Eurcpun, Cancn outlmes vnum vmbk .A.
,
" mim'
metia pau-Al. Annccmucz) Arm. gcmux
[q
mclvnted, reconszruczzd. md demed from our hmnry mm cxpcncuwl
sull',

ir
lhc pluniouc's (nu'
k lt lu ummcnng
um bm mmm
vim-h bl
5
lbcuuhmugh
pmnnng mone: celina, and u m: hmmm
paoplc mmu me uma in mucr m caczhzc") (cmphmix ma.-u
imnkcd m
The .du ufnaduon gm undnuundihly
um um :.
lumncnuaV
md imc

submlmm muversmous.
hmmiul mnnnu
dntmcn'vc
md lll
Which
nuk: the mmm! m'a
zum! Lluwl'cnhsauom
.ml

plmnihlr This mng: mmm.

mumu- blank ("hun WW
capable

urmumrmluun muhmmnymw
dmrynull'bmamnwmuddug nr-u uma;

mueel

gnlwml
inc, bmw

nrulwy nnzHulounuv/Ithln mmm

Nmmn m deu orlenmlun m Lmdlllvu md tbm

'

-,'

pleihy

km
black commmiuu m msm me cummhmmm
and 1h:m]mlnd
mpphcs & me, um rm the wl ugufculmm] hislnn
"11
m nlmmc :ud |: wnfpohucz] chama, Thu Al'ncenmc pmjcct
.1
11130661 mnha dnkmg, knowing :..ch ubicK wluch is |. .*
mmncc

A::ivky.

Hrslmmufdschapmnsm zrzhmkrhcwnccptuflmd nn ,mlm

npnmm, Thu m Tururu :;
no lgngcv ameno" modcnnry's puhr
ducuxxmn ohne da of AFnLulumn wma. may m usem m duelo
iu
mmmumj dlsuphue m'umiudal

Wish?

um. this, mm pcupk: nm urgcd t find ,). mh) | .md philn

- nounihmut m m: lmmriw nl' Am cxpmucd in mwxinnn :c[rum iu African mumu ul thc mumu
olehl
n pnmdei ui will! "noun": ul'hlnluu'
gl.
-

'

u.: dumxlnn nfl Mul: eM

'

-'
,,
zm,
mmm-M ":
amam/cd uullwlcx (ivlllmlku .|] Trier
M.
we can zm Khnw rmdlumu md mmm luurc nlvnuccd Mm.
suumcuh aka um frm the rmscd um
bom fm iu nur merm: "(me Mm nfpmgrm md r , the only.]
lib gnn-um
mmm! Liliam p m. zu-(niun Inch
[hc
hx'mmg
km:
lmru
mia-mm
nvnhnl
mmm
lu
m
mnts
.
by
me
the .ugulm nw
umqun cl ,
n n :; lourmdyanplrmcmcd
(humxsnscn'llwprmlmrul'Al'nmn r nu..
non lowhvch
ChukAnm Dlnp,Gmrg: Imuzsx.mdulhcnhm'cdcnlnlllslmlw the
orlhcsfdmnuwhzlv :vcu m zhnnrudcu Ihrm t...= rheunucufd
:>
mg and chmng "Pumpmn panimlmsm" mas .., ". umvc
discussmn nf m; :xzznz m Much lhcsc hmmmgmpmx
um .
damn cm hc mbsmndnml um bc .! dm um hc 'rlu dinix-nb
lmolwd m pmjcczing um rypologiex o(mndcm musm [mk mm ..
whm rhcv m holly umlcvnm cm bc mmm rhmugh |.; pull)
pl...-

()mmcrlurky lmnlynlw

.m

'

'

lll

bm

N ng rc elunge me

mmphymm "mm

15
th: mlndoumxp mm" m:
mmm. [um huzomc
um,
ufchlm blnlogynrculmlmwhucx
.lllofakcd um
m
111:
II:.
which
(impune mmm,
u unclxmn pmnczds ber
ar:
HI1":leunmhtrxymplum ufwlur:suprenuw's conmmmg power

'mcmnmg hisrory n wh-ch traditin

W
nwmrt, and umflm ls

md ndrmry um:
along wrh me conxzqucur implr
m
m nfrrus uma for the mcdvinon omnmn pum, mamou um.
' um me m
m m deluomuarc rllc cmmgmry ufsclnzed mmcmpxr
phmnmcna with an Amu" punha:
uma (hem bmwhlch Lhcvlm
IIccognixeand ouJysnghnymuummrr
lttninmlasuucspn.
m of me]! authcumn' 'In mhunmu lm "...um mmmnv
,

ancmpsmnn em.Emuambhck:!Lumlmgunnmcm

"atm

much (hc nmlm'zluncc

mmlem mer
mm mm
m
nm.-u wu.mwmh

-u: frm minimum"! prmnucd

m hs dremmnfomemd m mmm,

,,va

em tum-m m

&

lhe

u_ku (Jf(hc

llu

[crm zmdmmv tke

it mu,wc

um:

.: numorhmm, Inthnmrk omm: AfncmAmcr-cau ' m.LI|cy

:ulutsanucdouucrucmlamh'cgrcuzhlcsllypagcFrnmthr
um.
lhe ppular (o the pmucm and
puomm rn (Ms mm W: iv
a:
" nx Ahccnmmy mlglu b: mom pmperly (nued Amcxcncrnmuly
-m|xm=nn frequcnrlv snuggle m .um their h.,mncs uma a bigger
ww but m na "mnmom mm cu,...mg sperm ,mus [br
pamkuhnelsionquucanqunkm m bcpmmblemdnnon
. xm me Irape ram? Mud] : such :
mmm kann: f mm

nnukrmrwuprrllllilluunlmll

Klm,

pnpl :mumgmw
rmydceninnm mzhcnlmnrcmg mm
mm Anun
o(hers. Malkin Bernal; dczmlod rcconsn'ucnon of mg num...;
")ml
which aruculurcdlunm :ndanu Scnuusm Intonmuecwh
&
&
vs
mslup
mu: mem," ." hmmm lech ,muz Mr um. ml

:,

ccnlh-ccnnuymcialnmmph. msuzhlhelropponcms,
Dc.!!iug emm mh me siglufkanw uFruos und uma :X [Wu .
..,pc.
mim..-mmm":
m Clmplcr 1, should undmmmc um punhal
bmk1mshr:Cnxlvka
Tlus
worcmnsnuusmngglcs
mha
mmmcr
(eme-( uh (h: nam, dunga, ma inrbmwcm clcmculx Hm nn
xexy dos rc (0 De ccnncd mta qucmuu E um .., pmlxlumuo
,muuummp between mdmnn nml moa-muy nus mm. numuunr
xmurd um particular conccpnmvs of um Um emm m Mm pull
...um from Ddauy on The deum m bring .| new hmmm, um; N
pohncn mim:: 1x mmwmponnnrrhm the wmclcs dm um m.. 1: .
t bring um end aboun
The Mrwcnmr mm'cmcm appm m ,em upon . liuur ide of
uuzisencloudatcachcud h 'the gmm .um"Mai.-mmm.
Um 5 momeumuly lmcmlpn'd m xlawry ..qu mlumnlilm, which
In
uu mumu. impact upon Aum mdmun uv me pum nfbluh
em
:Mllum mn lhcmcchm
u, .: mmm-my nrAn-lem

izle.)

M m ...1 mmm oitradinonmmnimcs

:alwaysnl'wady
me
nnummlcmlm

m
hsqplinm'y meclr
bem".: emm] to
d
..! rh:- rodar sm" hd nzlim wk eu em =
se rm?
of bmx mmm pmducnn mmm" prm'tdcs em
me mm! bond
:n me um] .umburcxonulmul formsanduylcsmnhhcerf Cau

www:

mm
mmmmmmmuem-nun

'

7uuhyv1rm=

um,

([MKJHSC m

'

ksalfn dmraclcvi ucnlly Alucnran

mms [of compmhcndmg
llmitx md dynamicsofraculcommllmm
.
thc hghl
pmbkmsJH :ouclndingduptcr

vx

emm

:an rom, un mc .uaspm

:izumlcgmtr

.a m |. dummaled am:! mumu

|: book mm thc ((mxpon rclnrmlm'
...m
ami hmm
).
Ihc nrncuhung pnnupm ul'rhc blark mmm
.muy m.
mmm mm
m
mmxlmmwmwlc.um-krmnvm mlminunc mlmunsmpomlug
-

lndclvudnuu. ]; Pm=d1|))'(|nurymg um vmpolmuu; [hM has

rh
m
lllnslml u:
.um
" in
m n.! lique,
mm! pau".
..,.
,,,
mmlmm-mu
<

uma. atm

.....

um.

mulldnu armam-um l'"?

,
mm und gcnemlun em mm::
'n
luva
ur:
smml
mm
(cms ur moda"
um
m.: nel-Hm und mun ,.
mm .m mmmplctclv mhud emm-ny
wnhholdx th: Inudlv wnclmmud bandit; nmudern cldxmlhlp.
Wrigm nmpll
In the pxmou clmptr, m- rncounmrcd thhanl
Mpknlinj u!
.!
nm mmm &; no longer de" for the (mdw!
"might
mad qu
smglc,
he
;
artur; Thu Mea um dw "ngm
md
w,, h..
Kpudjntcd md mmm
.
m mndcrmiv was both
ofmnm um his cmn alubvmlcnc: mwunh um
mn . svmpwmam mimodelmry'x
..m- ywcn
apnnn nmwcmha
andrh: prcclxescn:
kwud hiuuclr. '
polmml mowmunw m which
ernvug thc mmm
(letting
Lam, m America nr Emopp umdznuky mmgcd at best ax :
Ambar!
Thi;
fmm um hmmm nm endcmlf u: human cmllann,

W .um
:de
,

anlhnny,
huhu
Mm"

]
em und mydeux
in
m: Du Bmx
mim:
ann
. "MK-TEK? dupmex mu me mmcndlng Valucs cfmmuunaw

um

"vv
.

"

ded hun

um .
nmaeenrhrc'nmry plcdecexsors, Howexcy,
mad. from m inevembly posl mmm mage point
lw kaur m
Abmc :" feel rua [o mpmww Th: punmv m nn
mm!
buildmg chl-mt hudgi homem
um .um me
mmy fashians, me
Mul N IMI
nvcnuclh cenmn' n'an b< dom in & marc Df w.
un

mmm;

...m

bm
swim
um fur war. bm fm pcm. um fur dcmumuu
but fur prnduulon; uol rm deux m, lm m lhx
fur
www, jumb u
mmds fmm

n'a" muimmmn

&

&d

hh'S-d'pu'(.h

"" "' "

? "
gnhm-

,. tim Arm"
Wu,,
ncrsll
bc lrgucd iu Support m mm
pxuvidcpz.bl|1w

&

me Fnuam:
rn m( u [mx
wumnulxmnhll

rem: years

kamh
<==
ucgkncd hook film fam ; piece uhnlmg
[
m
um,
.md
w riu! .um vtd ,,
wuh
cftmdmnn
me
,qu
[a (bann:
mas

MUSA NE MHJIARKYDK

_n

'

,hu'nd m (ha: he grav w uma thc Ibwzs ofmdium mim

me Uuuud, uvuumed mcn .
enemy They Vmcrhhck progless mais
.Wavhhlc 'n
Viela democny m: may b: zm bes: nunomc mmm
ncW'modcsofunGcedom,and.
ruugniungr
West 15 houndm pulsuc
&"
m uxpcnmm
dmgm mvolxrd, anhx msm thc "dcwlnymg munir
mc>rhsrxw411d nuwnmm' md mmm: gnmhl: again m
mm
el
(hcsm:mlnrmplucmnsmkzs malhademcrgcd fmm moderninho" |
uma, comunica |:
whcm n.: opa] leuzr m Kwn
1h.

anm

bom
m

m... 1 mnh,
um."" which "dm 1ch
m
.,bmh ww" &" "" mw Rm.
r
A,-,.=,,:);f|hl1l:jmM"
mm zh: hung: uhhc pmmkm
"7322375321
ranma: d::hm am.. the un.! ,,." :cxrcm
. ou down .|.:
yum (mm mm mlwzyrbmldmg schema mm.,

Urdu-r

muonlybvslnmryhuzbythchmmhndumuslsrxm
.um med
15 hn gmsy ulhe |
me Inu CluwSoulhwlch he gre up Howcwr,
Zmpcrinlwsm
con|uncnnu wun
coluplmty m'tzchnnlogv; md
mma."
stmgglcx.
www; um
.mewwmem mm Afnca ami anrrcoloum]

"" "
S'm'
MIM"
fim
?SHIW Sm mvmsqm dfncr
m
dw WM) Immmm o" um 73" WWW ""'
de:;vlysign cannhaudcasahmvr muulw
,Ilm'ky' "'
"le
mwmurmkm;
, WWW.,
mm, "; ' F".
""-"
, ",, ,,Mmd mmm
m:);ucct Qui"; mime. : Emm "
Kananga.
um
an hmmm:

m::

W
PT"'"'P'"
through thc Ideas ufrmcuc .um nc
"'
Cmm"
mm, wc mim ummmucuhummn
"lgmuctAWnn hmm-3
mu mm! mm:
:, ' fbme away
the f
.lngluszuur
Rlim"!
":
'.. mw [h: mllccuw m': mmm
mmm "" m' WPand uxcrhcm to
our prum.
msmmg m.]d mtx-mm'ucme mmceusncxs , km 1! high: point
.. mmm ..e m .E, .smhnm Am bcsmenjng book Th: Hlnrkrmu
, m (mxmmw mr Bl/olkwomqn. hum mc vecunxuucrion of an
nm:- gcndmud Jfbmum mc sm: qua non chommuml ,:er

"

um

um,mmm

um

"

rm

"ml"

rm-

"'th

nhh: ]vrcmndcru mn lu NI
vm
emm
um
.um mlmml mmm
gema.-am ." me urk :ylVlL' nlhur mm. mun,
I'll!
um..

Sm-nlmly

um
umd nr cununul lim (lvrlr nllluulv
lml palmatum
"unllnhu mumu" ur ...um. uma . n mumia.

'lms

Wnrk Hm Punk

1!

Zn: d,:umher

'"

&

UF

vlllalkm

WIIC

" "" "

III:-kms Will mgcntralc hn

""' V" "!

'The

mm'wwdd 'Um-m.
-

www-vm mulum

&

um
'

ampal-4 mun-nuh ,.

" "mm

lh "nrm-""'INP anim. unir-kluny, n Whm urhrm'immtf W hl !hvnlmwnw

lunlcally :xiul
ml mm
(nxcs 0: num m thc Wm nr:
Sum-lr id-' nh-n

mmm
belicfandm-hdmuu lhwanbcm MM'li'mpl-Iimrmll
PIK'P'MJS Rn

||le

th' rndy q-Il: m Dw?

m
t-(' rl-'' W"
crises em mm "Rml? wd in th
f
m
symbnln mrrrumou a' mmm-mry pnumed mm *" mun-

>

'

&.

kuhugromxualmuplc 111: palmnhallamvlv lhcpwiermd

mpbl fmvdnnng me Mrlw mm nikm- n mm"
MMN,

11an

ut

is

vlulughl

um
Bowman
un mm um um ul
pullzy
mumwmm
undupm
mmc
(:
munmmhlc,
um
Hd

pm .

dmn fwsvd' schL "whihbhfkb

mmm) md in published
anht's
cecdmgs" demaugrnm a.. nu- mun; Unum
um rhoughr m
by nu rudllrmg [Uru um
. glumuzad
common Al'n'mn mmm Thu
mage
m bc hummm whm/er u muld hr Identified Mul h
!orcdmzh:conrzxrnzupnwccdhlpac uumlmtwrnl'dmmmdlld
v
esfmm pameunmklg m "mW-|.": mhcr m.;...ujnuuu. .,,.|

me

mmm me

.um me

when. mm ummncc

ure muy Lwo

muuibumm.!pmnlltlrlmugcmlthgmlimn

Ul'ippf:

nun :
nrmllumllwwm

timc, and hmury. In p.!mculnr. me vmunu

muredcxpnawmvdmuw pohl chlmmrdnuh:

um

fluem

.. blackmllm'cuhccnmgvhnlxlu[uM-11d

nheurlmpmllllll

viu mmmmwncm
mu
mun bcmgenerurd anl] msm. mas,
mxuslcasllyimdlm
hccoluc
and mmmi. cnsci ofcmirc mmmuuukx
tomoulhes-enguisavmrmeudmmwflmn nnW'Wilhum
to nndenmne xtrngsls um dm memms f blk Mll-W
x,
!:
mu nmmunuarmnmmcqumwn, mm.
snmumm mmmvc
ul ; Felipezw: wluch seclu to
portam m um" mm the hmiuuunxmicfully
mmm (um: ' .; nx
mhtr um work
um Hummm
ums nduncc. nm .; : numbk :huugh (meu mmunhvc mmm
Aux (vm
ymmu nu [hc mgcllam' .
mccn zhcrapcu mem;
m
And
rhelr gh)an rumm" (hmugll me mm
or [ctm n' ornmuon
plmuczmd means that mchnolopcd lmmxlndcuuw um m m nu- |.
Humm mmm-"u un ' um um
Pil-[Y "Mns hm
""
"'.
unxls suppl a which fr nriuhting tbm rm
uwbh- ul unlvlug
pupum musir
mmm nfdlsmhuuun

rh na um:imm: m (=-mn
and
Wgroups um .meu mm;
me Jlinu'um
mml
bem/n
mn. 'm- :"!!!me

Hmm; lcxpomxblc f, W,
The
,,
WDM pm (,,-[, mm
rhnrincusnc

Mm

mm, m...?, &: cash: bel

pr.,ducms
Mummy
hich bars Richard

"n:
Mm fr
mus artutumn the!
=qu
peple-" e-nb
ofzhz
mmx of bm manhnud. me une bsckbcne
'rzrutylvl'l3'
'
ldlnxlh11"""'/'IXEthPWK' 'ch
!
ml);
the
interrlxangmble
Mm
made
mus
mm..
Wym-

um

kio;

.*

"
modds,"*cmrmvmhun
nuallwpmRedwodc mimi:
Me =
upmndmu
m
"k the

'

End

'um-ibm

nr rhu e...m. M,.

n-Amerkm ;lenjxcrivcx. i parti m
[em
mm m, Inu(crmly. .unl um as, .
lpnrnlhlel wu dlmcxly mnfmmczl m Ihc pohmal
mam around &
urml Mmc; A/Hm'n: lu
1947
m
mmm"
ws an lmpnl'tlnl m.),
emm IhcdudupingnwzmucssuhhcAmmn duwpon asnranxluuonnl
illlaukumlmuluphuv The]omnzWsoughtmxyudlmmsuhcun'x
UerClllvirsmd Afncanswlzh blazkxfrom thcwcxtem hcnuxphere in
ncwmd pnwruan mpnnalmconfiguration Inwlscspemnllvccnualm
mr mmm Conglcxx ochgm anrx and Ann, held m Runa m 1959
xplummlznd oxgmixd a", M-,,, m* dmmmhhmnh
we: were m: umn' oA'"Nzgrn Culmm" and u.: umnw
Impomr

,
4:

nm,,pommmcmznmunm- hulkcd

Colonial

Valence W,

ra

| univy Wen .|,

mw
for examplr, (dcnkillcd lu
lu uldl

w.;

alsouncofculmmlSynthesis.mdwnvcrgcn

mmm mmwuuml
mwsoa;.omem:amy,columbsnhmnxdnsmumdummd the
.

nrnmmum) mumuImm;

charged wim columnlmn's

negam,
-_.A
rh: lcchnologlml cconnnuc, pohncal, md cuhun] :(
m.
m
bx
zh: confeltncc plamm
men were xdcnned
.; mm,, um
bv A'orcng
Mming d,, um
m
um tenan
mh, mu.... ufhvmg
neh ; u 13, um (hreefuld modal seem;
m m: bc muti-mv g,,
na ufsomc ofrhe contemporuy mumu; [o the mmc problem of
lllztng the umryanddwemr) ofbmkcuhum
Tm; da ,um
the M M. hmmm xequcndyassencd as Intex-prunnun pum
uemun
.

dy,

hmmm

mm

. dm mmm mm m
Mn
"mm"
Lhe
m
...um
WMA
EW . Warung mm. lw um
mSclwgaIcwuoxmguh.|y.dm.gcd
,. ..hc
hunglmnamd the PW
,

Amulnnpmlcc Hc bcgan bycxplunngKhengnicawic

oithemn
(K-mm,,",,mgmm,";A),mmm,

l'lrhevmulmwum
nr.-ul. n

Ilrlnuxmuhc mlmsnl'uurp Wmahwuuly

ldmmmlu We wm, hm,
um

|,

ww

could wu um:
.um. Por .|.: War
....w' .'
.
lhut [mage nfmln
.m' mwuu 'hlc rm
huvmh
lu:
bu.
,
slmctuu o. .|.. wurm; um nc m-lly
n mmm Wrld|
whu
ml:
"
"
cf; nr uma:
n.:
in [hc
.s r.: .s. ponmd
a...: nhynnivgx urWenum Culture
pmmplc.
detimzmns,
mmding m
mumu m
,,,, m. w. ...m cury
um m.. um

. inncr
Culture
m
cwvluzian
(Was...
p.. .menuon w .... ,,,, mk, M.,, ...E E..-, of these mlkunl
IM.
",
[In: ml.
authorities, zu mvcmcr md .=: [m um mg... nudnc md
'

w:

PEMMW
mer ".: rm" mm

&th
me

em WMS

mim.;
nh, ,,,, .aAt

puncnmcd cxdnnvdy by Change. me publn, mha world.:

..rlmpnniculallyrhoxnlomumrhnshuecxvcuv
ze, rquldaled me hcrmc ...uma ofwexlcm uvhsan'on and uscd a
mmhlally ...rurmcd approach to .um-m, in order (n undcmun: me
.. numcnml uma mmzpwrtsil Whm their(lgfmcmsb-mh:
. wlnrgy oflvlack emancipanou. Du
Em. DouslusJVnsm md thr rar
. rzdhn xcnsc
world as Ragmenkd along axas (num
the
modem
lel

no

'

.,

Hal-mmax .: suggcslwc in

'

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ing

h..

mm"
..... m..

Th,

Mal.ed

..

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_

???
um. :amslmphe ...a ;

(... mmm?"

autom)"; :; n:-MTM

u....

"

Nm

comu-nim: unem,...
. "ximu
chmem

,,,,
>::
bo! (hc
quem....) a..... and prckm, hung md um, um g...] md md,,
'
counterxsmmihcrpomkerzn thc
,
mm
www.,mdem,
m suxptnd nue gag m. (nucepl l...... mi. ...a ...:... it
m mad
(grid
um me mumu uflls mm ......ercumm, .um ...em.
PC" a: Which thus mulher em mudnmq mu no longer be held nur
.= my
m. The mdclivucn ohmdmbu manh wma. um u... ix

um

mm

, '

'
"P
' mng
dmmdm.
nd
(hen
m
In the walk on...: mmm. and ... um bluk
mm.-m ma. surrounds

cnquu'ics imo (hc plnlosuphu'll

( Ksspcclrk ...A-mmm!
dummsc nfmodemlty mm ancxamimnuu
md num(cmily mm: mn
um:" Ofcounn, th: (onccplsufmodrrmsanun
b .uma uw imle
n...,
pmblem ofumc ..... umercomcmusness ducczly
line
...: ...m... ind
mm..
ofvherv .: mm.. be pnmblc m ldennfv a
cnhghmxmgnk
dw: par 'th11 (unumrca At bcmmcs .m mmgm! pan nf
Izmcsnu un.
undernzndmg nfprngnwi ...a wdn] de.m......
nhmrvmx'
.. .|... . mm.. w")!
mx. fomphmlzs ...;. further w.... |...
adellnluvcchnml[hcwoxkingmrn cnnzl um md dccplucuuu'
ohhck um.
tcmc ohh: lug. modem mm., ...e dy, um...
uyuchmnl
.r
um.-n
the
m....
modrrulsm mll um (o (km. ....
luWrghli
].yylc'l
Chiu
huhu"
mzmnr)',aunhdmmy Iralwudcd rm...
mmlemlly
....
a.. ...e navd mm mm, ww: .... m...... m.
.. . mm
n
lmpnmul
M..-k
p......" um. .. mun
...
.... .... .|.. chhnmnm
lcmpornllucn um le...!- huullmunh u.
between
llw
wmlnu
mm. mm

, ,
w
com

rd; Freedom nzinnshlp ......

Whats the Time) Nation Tam:!

MWM,,
,,,,,,,

ic

ans,

.
PcnomszddvhcrcmlvThcr
c rc rom< . , ..
.
dr-c- ...:'.m Juuomryzrany
'
fh
prurc nflhc mmm:
ass
wmppllllgfuf'rj
.n
....
..
[:

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w.........

and
reslsrermg
zclcology
pm...
Thz wordmngmulanJ'*1|llwl(imc
African
...... .s not, x(uuld m..., field while exolunon ...m
"mmm" ...m
em" bdong m ou: mmm
mv
& d.:kerenz plane. Bringing [hem mmm rcqmms
. smcossnpw
..e m
and wuhtml.
mlhn
um
Wen,
dialogue
mm
Luhty adequar: to mmm;

um

'mclal cu

ul:

..
.: thatrhevcommumcazeatenuonarmuuhllu
W
WW
M me ,. or...: mn
of

bmguuor unha.. me;

"men..., ...| um

an pns
me dmm "www, hcggmonY .The cn ! eran
wealth
nl
awareness
humm
(hc
:ncc m Ihc mm mu be no menu:
human hm.
mnichcrand
...um
Rmuman'sxcnmbiuty
um. ,na

rlmhmsmd meme

!n'

uma: nfkhc ".:le um: ;uunnr.

nm pm
mm emplusisinu
mumiadicuml
1- m
Ww-Ml
frh=
lmk
much
""
"um"!
dou ..... . unambigucuslv mm : men'om: mmm. dem/:d hu...
,
,,

Wu,,

mh,
,,

,,

em?.
'"'
m:

pry win):

'

'ngnlso mqmm;

,"

Inf.... undersmndmg

mudmm

opunt mm:.

nutrem gmardmluhzhcrmndcm mn ...vn.s.de....mm

'
nmcmmom pm... n...... K.. .=... ...um, ,,
me nfpmmndum ., , m., WMWMPWHW
Suma...
m uma,?
mlnmlity
mm wlledu
....
nr
...m...
W......
tu ...um... Thu-w |...... ,,,, ,. ,,
'lumlwnl
.|..- Imchnweuupm ...m.
.

lemv

,,,,

na M
dnwu
zum-.:..
blark
'n
mnsmm lnshk'

mm.:

lu:

em

mwdasmpommumpmmpcluyf

.
lvl.,kpnllllaw
mlmmwom ordernkumderu
rehnonnllyluldml
musllwcuuudcmd
gauanlhaupnccmdnmc

mm cflhmpum

(h: cxphvmnun nl
m
death, mm appearcd Agvn mqucsuomol'whuluwllvlezmlwllllll
BluchFalszushnsunhmiml
idcnnlicd md :nnsrqucndywllull
when: ncwbqnnnmgx have

m..

':

xlc Wc

which organ-ses me mmundcr nfzhls mma

wlnch black <ul
dum 11,0 pmnu :o (lv:
The mm
mm me um
Farm; have lmsud and even Lumvmed dmamlc raypun
Tlm has gema::d spmnc mudei ufnxwvnlun
rdem andum.
nbmlmcly anr
philosophlcal pmoccupauonx that a":
xomc vcmncular
mm::olh:enli-mcnmcnrasiumpuomwlrhwhnch um, Imchmdm
,
black PuM Wc mu cxplmc hclmvmme
pcn: for mc nusuuun um.:
cunlihually m .
um cmngcx 'n
(lu: Kippur!
timml mmm
Ihc
Armas. u mlcgul,
of
cultura
chmuw and zxpm
wlnch
pmi
example, (o the mmm, chess, ml c, md ]uumcy g

,
.

nmncmunwfum mrrdirc:
IArclnnzms oflmmcnl pclhxmancc, scnc
Gam , mydAlrminminul .,
thecnnscmusnm ofrhcgyuup buckm
Inclhnguhhu: .x,
mcml mmm Th: ztllmg
mon buster) mu .
"ar-roll]!
pin aspccnhnlr,nrgrmi ng[hcmnsziomncsshftlwr.
mm nulsulc
daily md unkmg thc importam mm bom-n mm
huhu-m, .ou pernmmne. um
I'll mmm pmcnccsxogninw,
mm |W mxullm
d m unem, ' (zum and rcntw .dmmrcq
u'mdmihly mod.
nal uadlnon.

nor-md-

&.

!
,

mm,

cultural cnxuultlc

a);

umha

mmc

....

, mo "

slylz m me mw".
Iun mlmml

,.,I" ' b" nd Hm(,ufu'sdzfbbwfm '?

Emm ( ''
,

,w

Manga,,
dxcir

'"

odme,, A: s nim uuponam m mcaH m: adxcmuwx nr

ger; md
Mymn Mmdm's p.",ulnmm m r 'Em, gruup. n ,; v "gim
:
.
.
mumd
gmgm
|.:
"" fur mrs hmmAdduffl,"Infanti?
;,
imp-=M
Af;
,

hm

nm lm

um . um:

md"Plyed

,,,, Bm Il JWT: '

mmm,m ;,Igm
mz
wh

, ,,

uma,

nw

,.. (184031

tw mc.

ohhcm

a venfarc um! puun Muzev

m,, rs um demo tor cul: un md
,
.
,,
u .
lh
.
and
olhe]
wm.
.n

:!sz'mwmkscmcm
um
m m,,mnfmn
_

mmm. .gu

,,

Egg: muxic and

"dimu-tlm

numlm] with vhc

d]?

&&;le

13.1

A.

mm ;

f: .; and Abusr/uu

A!
sm,, cazndth
Rural:"
"'?

&

Ain-Am... m. um

Arm
ug;hvswc umd Fela Ramo:": Km nuh (hc (Amu:
band, Hc'd
h=ar

hun und

ima

rs* n
. :
...
"lhe!-w
deml/ a lm,
m
'I
'r clclm . non um. Ingmct ' nenhum!
um mm mumu um na
nhmupmsannn
("um
mmc
.
m
um
docsuunmml www.-,.. mMunny,umnnuluncnuhn upw

En

the

mmmmwnm

(ndiug. um w
applchmdcd through the maluzhcm mg.: (binary
lil]
its
mhul
mntcnu h. bk u an
the network uscd to (ommunln'am
bel
15 a
mm wlmonxhip
n) me salc ofblack pupuhl mus ' mm
me
mmc "ruim mu m
uflixkuels (msm-um m
the community
.
.
..
Mmmmd mcmnsmuunnoiarmhnunrmnsmdr

m um m

ux md
mxm m
Sw. r 3
hear hlm 1
he
when
as
h . 4
.
mmmhe
d .,; music nm :an nghhfe, hm by um
u1<
mw:
img
mu, md funk. chaxk' ..4 k: Ihc
md Wang (n)m...; I think um msm
m Inuit? Brown
hu
drummmg, mn] ".um um; .: um. Suma a me [deu
p ln :: m
gculmg frm m. mm hm (um: l'mlu me (n Lhe um
. as 03ka Mih m. n mude lh: muik' um much

mm,?

;
;
m black Armnnc
unsuble. md as,...mmml

ohh:

um

hm

wu:

ok, eu hem

enm

destlipnnn

311%
%

P l
'
um;
cm M "'
ms mw
Tm: Dhmm "
by
'
amm; Tk.

um

'h1235""d hs mm
mf
|: em ,, Am,, mux;
mm ungr : o ;

mac

mm;

::

over a
Chmimmpc
mad
tu me
"me
mzcmvk
m
zpprvcmc
m
m

hc num
mod:: of moumien m Mwm m
mmpnmhry,
md
undnjon, modzmiq'.

mm

.,

:"?
Nha. manual:
hyhndsly,
Hm,
"mde" M d
M b" '
:) twway mnic Mmecn'Arn M lm

'

mundnuma. being ,.-u[mm-mlmmllwmu:

zh: ngm
: 1,um!
mcnnnly zu w hz: mMmca Ihc em! gum Du

A tlm:!
|
di?
purky.

**

' MMX-nau Ind mumon

"rucnxr: um.
zm
' ww-'um (o

,",W

. uz
mmmm:?qu
Ilwuhc

durmkcmcsc duspnn:nnvcrxdlimupossible Thu mi

,

thc mmm,'magm pm
k1bout
'
e;
- '
.
"Msnmumu mmm
,,, ,,,," eu um ...-.;=mi:,; ;;;;Tinmran
,,,, ulunhwu
", rmrm-m w Arm um
"mr/mami...
__umr [um| mxm un'cwm uw

"Mn,mm

&

'

"hummm

'

mnwlcx dynamic! Muuu. 1.- n

(S' 'N
bpm |W, Tlvumnncndurfu
mmm.
spcciablc &: me Conn-m mam Allaudc :u'lum. 1: em |: nml .

u ximu culmm
w mui: m:
um jm ||| rh: central place mn
ml mm. Iluv
u
muxic mmng, but m the ublqmzy "fmz-mmm."
lu:
Luluns
.., m: wuum
demi"
tudos: me plumhry oblack
um: me purlbf
in
1!
my
m:
sphm Arclanunimp nhdcnnw mam
,
me cmd Togcrhcr, Lhcy mummm ,., : creative .,
mmm imo("(m-ml
',
and mforan dnmocnm ruiu The pzrlbrmcr
guwrned hy
me .o]: ohh: slmvmnerwhi .u
ou a mmmumcauvc rol: campmblc to
,] ,
Wrm Benjamin mourm because n has dcpmrlcd rm. a su: Lmdu [a
m mel ways pmmiscd nn Ihc rm um um
.
mmm
of menor; has disappeared '
[m'
em; hm md me commumw
culture .uv nwhcsmmd
rescumg micnrnons mm vernacular
profane, [hc me of um"!
:cm'c, dynarm: procesxn. wlmrm uma :
Kaka pneu.
provida the most mmm lumens m mh (hrsc 'nuh
perfklrmnn,
The church and ils wink: equivalcnu nmmmd um of
model
ufdemoc
men!)
giving
.y
Capabl: nfdrammiing (htm md me
[
communirv mu ha: bmme m; valuabl: mtnsuhlzcnvc mmm Hm

'

Ildllmemwnuy ufnnry mmm". Oman

Klum
an ncmumofl'h: rh: ol'tlls nani
um um
by mm
mm.
mm whme mmmlud um dm ,

mmm:

1th

m: mas; sznuphony.
bom ,um and no. mmc Mure mpmzam um
Storici
n (old,
dn.
um; : em ,; um fm um dunug me process ofpcrformance mc
umdcpqweroflurmm mmnuumcbmm nu,.nplmmmurm
Em. Tm immm ;
min; 15 dominam01by the ritualmdm ::ursmryu
,
special mumu dvmlmca, Hur:
um, parnuuhr me langmgc
(>.<
xmnesand
mun
um mdznl mm the dmummrgy nfpurfurming mm
mim
anwm,crm-.mmmmlysum
(hrirreccpnuu
xlmsnumm
.
mn
bondage
hmm]
na
cmpcfmm
Bible
ufalzwry
Stones
[(um lh:
AFL-Amu and nm,
by
m
zh: murimmm ofhmory
m ( rm..." pum

Arcenmzmd as an msm yn ozlmr sungglca iu Ihc West. num smry

And
:elhng md muacmakmg (enmbumd m au jiu-num: pubhc where,
(11:
parucuhr ny uhnmhlm
dus m mm pmv ad me :untcxx in mm
:muuucrou
cmd
um bm rum-d
pum se
gnphml umdnmmunou
me
mm mmm
and _ ulnled as an mmgm mmponrm ohmuhurd
bc s,-mmm zu Ihr: Anzphon: nunk which Commun: m ,
my
um md
plzmihle. hm rl
mm em d,, ex dum mdinnu seem
...um
&) lh
hmmm
Conan: Mih: stones is snll ugmicznz pmunly 111: mm:
mu.
nfslavcry
Lommcmmnun
um: ohhh -may fmm (hc
|mm.- uuwl u. betumc u
chmgcnl
sw) "uw mmw lm
;.,.r,.....muwpluy mul mumu|W
Adu
nu;
pumm gcnm, mumu; m.. |:ch
call

Ir.-mam uma maginmivc

Tha
by
und
.
wmexumm the emergrlltc
mom
. r in the medium 1
mm populur (Minut. whum
A.
Jr.. the
m'wunu

Mwm

.um"

mm

pm '7

um!
mmm, mpenulml

uma

Immunm' um"
ik, dance, md pm: mmc
a.. ..

w Wars md Sexual

Suburdinztou

Hen iug. A

Dh

'

'

'

mm,, ofthcxc mmm culmm n, me

mmm hm : fev-fm; ."ny mmlm '
-

Explnm

the fm that the mmc: , |. coulrlml'lu,

and
:uc um munlly
mmm
Ptxzmalxuborchmzion
,"
hummnlmawnynnm
um-V
_,.
punuml dum-|M cnuucmcd by this Vzrmmllhr-v .,.
um fm Lhnuhcswriuwhich m,, u_u: black popullr
.,,' nr: mm Luv: nunes m'
mon appropnzrcly |W :md um ,um.
,
,. [ (hey assume um form u m um mm: smking bcmuxt
n.: "rw genre
I'm; m cxprexg
dcclsian um m (msml
um, (min!
:
um
way openh , stan md mg Yet um nannuws arme aml m.
Kuunmllv, tralucode (, thc) for . us ousammgandmuunnn
Kd
hmm snfdispexsalmdev and um mmcmbhncc of unspeaknblc

mmm

mmm

ww

um

&mm

. r,
7'
Ich

g.md rakmg pleasure imhwm rhzzAfnunrAmcz/imuum(Cnr

.ch kmdd Win UV:! lllndn anwd; and dissolve (h: damn Cr:
. &ch Hm dmspom make; rhmugh thc

mmm rcpmmum
mm mm sumlxry whlrh km no bonien lcd me (he na?
Wil bfic . mmxluced ill (hnpfcr 3 Maw: Il! Ihc (Unlcxz nl .! if( ,:
VI

.
-

m:,
pmwrml
um
rmnluly md quul'ulh'

tmml nuthuulclty lmucxxrd um mmc um

m. nrwtmwu,

dcmiw
mmm
Ii'lmltlh. FIVICIII." MEM

'!

Jhon! scxmhu'
me cunlllcl Mwm-n ...eu und

mm:" n "MIM
NN
the nnly mim nfldull nm.; .
.iui,
pimnhi ("lc Hmm- lellclcmioulkm .
nunulgh Ihc slgniiica -< ol'nci i ml iu hmmm
mun-mu

afmc

nn thum
Immmumlics, In Iiu Ihr-lulu unhablu". Chula

.th :mihulu ur hiuh

imu um
cn:.imiw in this humm minu. llihhlcr'h im :unnnu ihm

quer:,

AI

Hihhicr's

iii.Fi

inn

ii,

nflw cxpcl

,i

lw

u wnm
having hccn hun
w: ar: mid, m lh: unia hf impiimiicc; and knnwing Wha: ihii lll
brmlghl up m um hhi (im: (dignou
bc
monty gim. io hi] _
ihii &! all mmm Keil Smugglcx m Jumil fui lh:
cxpnllrl :!
beuwzcn black nm md women ih ihh
ieswoh mm: low m
hh. "lhe gm" WMI which ih
nnhc upwzy to Wim." rhythm md
..uirm &. mu
Lcmbanvcly prum-( m (reais upon the thcmn of
("mind h Who hiiiimiiiimonhimihg ihii' mmt um i ihmii .
um, hi , i
! cm h: mlpn'lcd instead hoih as ; [mxm hi idenuiy
'
being nr iii mmz mh <li. ir wc.-iii,.
ia un hihihihihi ofmiihm
ii)mimi ; a iy 'uf
the boundaries um ofwmmumw hu: ufsamencss
which "lh
djll'cmm rhythm hf liiing md hciiig in
patcd (cmponh
:
.miuu anil iam.
IS dm right um" and, s beth Georg:
n hi um:
Ellison cgi-ni...
Ralph
Brown have piu ii, cvcryhmg is on Th: Out,")
ici mc mpi-uu.
hiy.
(h: cfucls offlus [(Illporal disiimmon ihhs. hiv
Ihc [WIKI
slightly diferem sem: anime, wine iuv" hihi: hh
on:
gm ;
bchlnki, huma of me mm mn
Somclimes ihii'i: ahznd And &niuemuex
mv
of! udIS. zhuw pmi-iu
imperc=pliblc Rnwng of uma,
Ll
mw
sull hr (mm Which ii imp; ahead Aml yol lip min
sumi;
lim:
hm
hmm md ihiik Around?
hum mei-ii nA preclmix saut ufbiack pnicuhnly Em cmunidad
uue'qvccu'd KimA' Slgnnulw, my
m'lofkmg meme, iim culminam lll tlm
(hc Minimum .
Mlpph' Ihc :ccms, (em, breaks, mm mim [hal make
;, a dlsumrxc im iii: pmm- of
mml idenn' posgibi . THC most hmmm mnh-ii
Museum .,h Tlm Olha.
mm Suboidmulun iiseif, Wht ihighi bc
==
ih mmm ami ah humm
llmz mimi mh elwxhcrc bom i mphiise
hi...-k
politics. My .ugiiuxmv
ann'iplniiar chamem hr mudam
ohh:Which
me uma um miuiiI
is hm undcrszood as a mmpimicul in
hem,
hummm
. [hu - mmm ur'ni.
different emphasis i quim
mmm homologwhmh.
ih
m- gnluhly polldu
cocxliliug
ns
um
lmundm'es urmu cin-M
cal ccuiuelpzrl, helps [o lix and to smbilsc ihc
iihi- huwmi pm and imune
maul :ulumumly Tuguhcr thc) him ihc
Thcy um lll! .mi
which ., se uuponam iii huck rxpreww .uhiim,
by
Ihc imduelhu
u,.imiug
umdcmiry
hppoiiiinn hcmccn imduimi und
umplnyenl
cilhlvnle
pri-hih h ii
iii
. um
||
hmm, hi liu' [mem 'niii
3

sim

Mi

gmhlp uia caminham

..

mumia-ck
_,iiihni lha pnnlry

,,
PWM
,,

':i.

YZ-

& nu

mudeihmd' "Wu
w;:
muay
ed
iinkimirmm
wii: funn,

mimi

Ihlt

uniam dum iii

wumeilnnd nl:n"npernlv:lbyldcl|pnlv
orihing

ufllie Pcmnlul, lnlhlmlc. mi him-wink m .

Fim, '
nylvlngam! um dia! Rlcul i.. iml ui: a em munhyn
i
'
Im
1,
i.
lll
,
Nely
.
dimnglmlwblt
ufumvr lhltllerl um !
'
*
which me dumb supillizs. The Hand wi m. ,
.. 10ch ImumHI mimml
where lhcir diii'mucci d'innlv: inm dil
,:me mid ih iiidl'nhlc. um":
Tiic link www.-ru ihii nuh: mid iii-rim :uni
pulllkil mi hiiiimhphmi lilnlfhlnll'
i- um ovni; ih" h.: a i.:
'mu
by
Mu,
laulu '(.iklw
. ii mad:
. nurwimul. ami ollrllly.
ximu.
111.
is ni: mnftmun which mhghhu, chmgeund cnhquen
., t
,

>

.al'pimin'n
.,

Iwculuu gurniuur wc m wwrand (hummm m,.

w
de nd Iiluc iiimm, m:...i,,

..

uiiux hi whhili

... cniphaxiw ih. me pow "ruim. mi mail mi

cum iii,hmm
-d|nguur1mr Edam/E in me power ur the lcxl and ih: perform" luir
Ih: micuiim pum iii-v. iii .hinm explnds, The animam!:
nrperrnimw'm
black image
rumwrilbk

uhhc

hum hi,

Wim

hmm,-hip buwrcu peifnnmuw

ihi< music nnsl its hmkgnrhytiim
(muluunily,
md
nh:
a,pi.uupaiii
.
I'l'eHNiiiipnnaurfnrsnnthcrrx. shiifihcihmimimimyencim

ii. which (0

mm ih: himmi Cri

nl

'

,. in which (hc Mick xcmmuim' ||. hmi .hi: m pm.-give "iii cul
i,
ih: iii WW: mmm Wiih [hc prueucc o(dudl whlch
v
ly and a mam xmmlugiml sm: III:! ! win! m uii llll

AK.

hi

hihi Hung m

p-

hummm.
umimiumuii;

immiupm.

.
m
'

aih...
mdw hriimc m minnhblack
nu -.
:nduling mim
gama
Wim
mm
wiihnmiiisandiwumg iiiiwimithihimugundm i.,
,
kcmmun Nmmhzcmnm: hihi Umiciismumupm . .
.

,
.

m sampler. [which wu na www.)

rim mmm while prpio wuui-i mihi iii-h.. . . .

urhihuim. .

um

lu muii-

iiuh ind bona mmm

pmuingrv
hum black mini:

ln

"

'
i

'

'

'

vi

ii,

ulmpiy un-

',

'

memiu m uplnn. Rabi)?

nim (|I! CMI

pl
kh me sure! mmm.- (nda um mmm im P
and Ruim

BiHc I-lnliday: "God

Mim Dans plai' Ur Donny Hathaway

from
comepi ! ,meu empiov nniy an: example, ilmwn
mni'kng :| new img: in me
and

the eu

hw-

inundou und

fm ii

&

; pum
sonlc'l'hng
:o wii
.

wu ; mim mic
'um-.

11

for

pmi" pcm.
; ofpwpie
though:

as
ii im

SC:,
1

In me cwlnln

Slylllg,

:;

m |:pr

u.
;

mass
m ruth
m,
IK
all
iukzboxc;
highl lang .md mem hindus, they mim hm [mim
;: sounds lik: l'm Singin' mc mies."
nflllylhln
Maycld ls hardly ultunoncd in the mun: onhudm minnie
in

mimi uniu ul'd

dissonlnce.ui1(l
the ngnmm
meu of being
ork offers

mchncholin um ngpiiies
pain, Une mg in pnnuulur, Th:

an cspcnlly

Invinlmn." lem]; melho

m pmfine ch
anunuu
ufbcpiimi
Imagery
"mie

an's

K
hen rui ww mmm.
rhmngh : pimsc um pmvocanvc mmm"
WII-II nciwiy an Aum"
iinmmmn m mm. l express
muingy in me my um mmm uni-am mh nu- mongomnmdim
hy
(lmwnluu unuMIM!
.um . uuuh 'hrm ur Ihc um m' um
mid anniIwi Milan, TM

argumcuz

uma

llurnuilmuly

lu

hum Mimi Anwmlll

He
'Hc
ind

diz

um, but we m: mid (hat mi; R'tczinn .s onlv

mmm m nkc it up um: hu csuaiiged um un & (ound m
i
ed b u xpeciecd em
nm nn g
o
xu;,vime hu mui. mim

mim
WIU

mmm

ylcan:

3
Woman .

mim for m; world (msm talkin' ibm mm

," Marun Luther Klug.
all
mmkiim
.
pmm' Huaim ples: send (0
yuu
Khrongh md plcachcd
hc
the matei&"Ufma,
am:
sudden
i
and
hn:
Walkin'
thc
mais Whichof:i
kim Wim uma"? Em as by
disguscd
he died. !! w. 1 pra)
bim melody
im mil
digm:
Oid Mm (um: hem lll
pminf.
yu knw wim i mca"? m ali
know And M) i
dum Hc) aum ufn vm wmiian mu iii.. you .i iiieimiy II) ii
iii-(nt mk N' mc sng being rm .w- kwurd (img. i p...
people um (um playiu' (lu-iu
Yun
um
me,

and blues mmm but im

! upou
m um HV"
qnd lh: flv-:! spoke luck tu me
and il md
ynn look m land),
wu look ' ohms
...ia ifynu
um Find Mi baby,
roma md make mm mm im mer:

.,

i'm.
iz,
womm.W11rnme
atinge mim img
m:
me
il
inglhaz hc nad mma... mim awomm ng ,iiie's uyiii m]
1
praxiin'
press up on ynu um me n::d mm im im
m i wu
send

mundwlmlnlln

blucswas born,
in mc WBI
ticrmolulisauou ()AananrAnvchan mmm. n appear:
und performa! fllugnlkil. in
Pcnv Maylield, & iime-knuwu sungwiirci
in 1960" und ,,
all, mr pcnmng "H.! mc uma Ink" iii: luy ma
Things Am Happening" :md I'lenu &
Wrmng [h: mudam; "&ng
mm'cyzd scmgthmg uni. density of ,
M: Summum to Love. Mayfield
8
where hc mmmcnxm on lhe I'm in. "Plus:
ma in an intervcw
i'm |.
:
M: Someone m Love" (his rainum sang) vai um" Humm

rhythm

songwhm in

,nn um... him

*,

"

Children of Israel or Children of the Pharaohs?

Xl is

often Ibrgotltn (har the m...

Comm hun me ,.-mim
:an
mmc,
Ur
pan-Aff aum pnimcz lmlu ieimii
md me practice
zblack
might [z ii "mi m zh: Bible" bm bcgms (o a(quir: mimiiiug lik: iu
i
conteiupunry Migs during zh: im iuncu-cnzh (emunfihc pc,
mw
od hicii mw thc binh of modcm Zionlsm and ai ai: frais of black
nomim thought Which xhare mmy um aspimtmnx and some of iz:

mon- lhe mmm ei cxmpe

and xuffcung. mmm, ::mpomiiiy, and

social
oxgauisnion
ofmemow
spain] SIgminnCC the hismn'
' .:
.(hIS
Flw-Ash Mwm-isa :o mmlemuv
(11: wrk
mm
mim tiny nw
hlSOfllLlS,1lCI'-"V
cultural
and
rmmi gema.-mm unem.
4 'n'cs, and philuwphzn who imc delxed
mw m- mlzimlshlp bemmn
mid ir a
emitiam :md into the mls, ufntinmlism
,. Ddzmmj and a
.
nnllrsm m zhc dmiapmmz of Eumpmn
ni diese wp
nas!
.ind
gi, me &.ime thcml m associated Wim (hc nim ufdixpmsl e
Tim aim help
:o frme Ihc piubicm ulximuiunwus him. and
mguiu. <img which im engaged imisii think! in Europe Bum

im

me

msm;
_

eimgm

: (Igluceulh ceniuiy anarda

Snm=

anime hummm,

pm! Marly (h: cumnbuhum mam Wutn's

]cwixh
Iam
and law zu
iv
mmm or :mbimlem
()fidriullvv [me
In
(III
Ihc
me
pmivlcim
nham
md
n
umo
In vlw
"fuiii
Wi...,
m m: wink uflcmih lhiulun m lmler in

nn mummlup
eu 1 rich MWM

[femme [n

! luva-

Mill

Hil'mllnl:

"

Wi

ann bmh Impr.um m

penuwesol'blnclulnlld: um um . .
mm ngm upcnly un me hope mu :|:.
nn htunmhmc mnmncrpnunca
m
future
Nnn wnnn hm been nruck xhln
W..
n
ml
mn
fanbponmccs bcmecn ny: lmmrin "fm-m: grmuvl.
ndmu
men..
n: nlnn:
prepau'd
m
both commumuc m um nw
u
Shnhul
A;
mhxhiml
in An .n
way.
!
Any posslbk mumu-om
bcvwcm
IEInlmmlup
czmly dunmnsnakd m hzrmsrumon nrmc
them are nnnmmn mmm m be cannon!
m und Scphardk Jens.
plhuc common; bcnmen mnnnm um um
lo suggcr

IIbemLIng

u M by Ihc

51d, l'nr ou
schca complex ami mkrlull hczcmgcnmu On both
the Line: um duwde mw whn nm been pn'pnn'd m nmnnn u: ml
mui-ud
mm (hm: whu have not luv: been the SW: ul'sumc hum
15 :: pnnncn project .; ; mu .
appeal
m'Zxo
km
cnnnicts. The uncvcn

msonm in me elabnmu'un um: idcunry, slave lusmncxm mm

-isdnc(we mnie anim. Alba: Rahman, me hlsmnmv ofAl'rlcmV
encan religion, describes uns

zppvnpmtmn ohh: Exoduj storv

lformcsuvcx awayufuxnllnzingtlmlxcnwnfhislo "nl ,dnnnym
end um.
pn . The Chmunn Slves appllcd rh: F,.nxnn stnrv
nw, m (Imr own expenemc nflzmy, msn mn not cndm . ' cdu;
n. uoncd as an archewpal um! fm num 1 hr hcmlc Rgurc
ovni especnuv msannm" rw nm und rh '. x(cxcndanls Mnmn LuV
uma?
( King. ]1 ...m Manu!
qr: (mh nm .. (hc mas! nb/mus
vac
n
, lendas wno draw un Ih:
ufOM
Tcsmmcnrpam.
xo
pune:
mmm

&an

uizml

mn

nI'R-m' And

um

Ymn vdclmcanon nnn lhe Exodus ninar

and wnn the hnmw ufrh: chosen peple and the" dcpnnum From
.p: mms m bc zmng, mam mday ppm! (0 Menu far morc mun,
'
nn gnn-mumu: phannhs nun mm me ahyccr plighr onnm thcy
:! .. bondage. 'rhn (m.;: nunyx & profound translarmnxon m (nc
um of mm Annnn: pennal culture Michael J.-mn; repeated
mm Do you remember n.: mm:? (ohh: Nik Valley (mhsmunsl
for example, mena, xuppllnud Burning Spear's dread enquuy ' m
.m
miller me um ornmn
nm being mmcmbemd m
vn du: smnnw ohhtu d:;vs: minis, ] wnn msuggtsl nm nnlamp:
"Aspen L'un uselfprm'dc an undcnluhscd
nnn wluch n, :xplom
em
rragnmmy Kleitonhip behwtm Masks amt Iews md mg mann: pz
quesnom m Muzh .: Flw hun Lhe mun a! cdu ( . mm, nn
ref-mmmnannmlnm,m<1 m: mannrrm wh' n mrdqu prescrwd
nl qutunus nrnnnnudn uffcung can fnncnon [o supplv erhual and
ml nu.-nn; . Thu:
pnhnml
nnm lnhcmnt m nem me
nnn and mg pmnm .n Ihc Afuccnms: mmmnnn. The dxuaamn m
nur-rl prvided uu :xnuml: nrnn pulmc .uubmumcqmm
m mun-m
. valur rum: m' mm nmnn "mm..

nrvnnnmhimy
Hnrkncnnu. of human hmmy unir,
Alumlnnthm ur
md arma: uma: ofEnhghlcnmeul, zlml men-nic
Alm
marluuc
seu", wmcn :(nsmures
urnum
.n rml
mmm md um
which
in
a
in
dns
L
many.
nrrw
:
nnmn But expcncncc
zhc
of'mnchmg nn lxmruwh n :|
gender
m
md
pn"
das
house, or sumpluuux npmnnnn u n.
xcry noun, err-n mw"
meu; na zh: [wl md na
mc ven "mnmcm 01 num" nfghcuu
have nm (u v: n n helplmnul anl
many other anni: youps
num(nunu
wlhgc ommunlly hclurt the M-qscmul mn nnnmumbl:
m un- Vymhmguv vlw pnnnnn. lhe mw nul
nzmch

nom polmcal muhnnzy

um Mwm .
lmlcmn n acme m nn on mnnn dur
cnmnnmmn by these nm nh: mann; nn
upa mus ofomvrcwon
and when.
formal
From
ou ,um und Mann.
the
dcductd nm
um
obvious cnlznm muuf:
dmunmn: and the n:gmw,vhich n Inc mus!
hold m cummnn, bu! from
mm pmuan :xpcriencc.
me pnnml au, for Adorno mm

um

.!

*The

black and Icmsh mnnm mm mn n

Axl
me mullecnlah nr rlu black
wnm pmsibk, nn thmr xmpau npm.emmuh
projczt. .; um "CIL<a?
World nmnns wonthme mungn
ufltwixhnexs nn nun
sxgmlicmcc
pmmd uuuaugy nm because the
nurk Im; In
hke Lukzs Adorno, Balm-mn, Kafka. and others whnsc
book .= ml qbwun and hndy nham! .;
uma Ihc prodncuon ohhw md:
an
mewmcms ohh: mcmmll cen
(jun wnnn haums mc gm!

mf

lem: (Im

nnr:

.15
annngnn nunc
further dxfcmncs ;n nnng cnc mann ui'hismn an
nv x_hc
nnIungcwry
Honum,
nonng
um nmrn m plot-v origem

&

muy nnd on,m.

om ['ummcul nn czy

m'mg

mm mmmmm benta"

From

nem dos: mulkn between [hc nnmncn

du
entes ohh: two gmupx
ng Panimhl pnndi The um ol'SoloV
n n nnd'mc Qnmn m
snm ns. furzximpk, been :ndlcnly mmzrked
by nm; mm mm desa-Adams,
m arms nm been consislcnuv
H
' pliczrcd by the
and hmoucal dam 1' king
ufahnulogwm]
emergem:
pnpulnnonuogelhcr Many adm mama mk: mnld bcuscd m bnng
., argnmcnt nna (mn um: na; Exodnw whvch pmwdcd nm pnmm

and

um

(Ierlm rmm Ih:

nfclrnpcmmm hmm" Hacks and Jows as

m by mim hlblln] me;
there

|,qu

&

whlch

'

'

Mm

um:

'

glunnlh md
to Mihai

WC"

nl

'

mu Hindy

mu......Wm

'

'

'

prommim?

,.", .:....er

...m,

,,

'

msm
. zu:
..

mm

.,
&
.. . d ascendeu 'Ihc bloodxe/cm =Nif!
ux
rim lxccmcdlohcnuhccchoufdm .= ..

pm....

Amam scclucd crawamfmdkjh

m .. m.... E ,
f::mchrnumwh
=
[o
..
. eu n pmmg. h...
mn und nmthcumnc *Hnmcr. Herodnuu und Eu a
| H.
um ou! ofdm counnuuplacc mmm... nfmmkm nm:
Blvdtn ;; knn n lLss lh ew .
orcarvlng hix ...m: um um word m...
m
.
CL
"
m: Wnd m ml KM" W
""m" '" ''fmlllw
mhtv and ...s mk: n" ',"'P""'. ""'M'W'r'AMW' hl
.;.;
;: lmsmlxu bem
.
: prm-md mllucm-e .," Amu,,
[

ml,

i,, m

y.

Quesnon d m he

:
mma ..
on...,mdm vmvlww"dmmmu o... Illuvumcmcqngd lin,...
b: Md hm bm. Y m Mmir-mm"; ormz guificmccuhlmg
&,

.b. mma

:....

m qummu nrquu.

no!xuggnungsm'slmplccausa]
'

mn? bm" hdcn' xmms:

"
kwuxh
nd
mime nd his aun Hzliunnlm
....er"|.: : gm.
'
1

Ulhlwnh55333313 '. J;
' e....
,..
tmvaam...",g
mh *m "
. (h:emro......
'
,; "? flhrm "' mmklng bmu
,,
.,,
"llUnUWIRlleck-AHC,
mvmmm'.
L"'"'"'
4130
me....,
m.. ||lusmmllcmmlnutrem

li

cn Ms
...,ch .
1-3
hmmm." ochmn, ' 'v'mlhe
thncal mnomhsm
r:(
F....
k
Dnsowky'
Mwm:

"Ri",
Amim
cntvam
m
n.
au.
co...em.
mltmm
spc

a..:
w"
.. mmm
'
d
,

meu..:
of du: wr) Aew mm thmkcu :..
um
mm.-1.01......uma
'
Englishrapcnkmghicury
black milhos l'mul
Em
example
ofrhc
r...
...m
'
Hc
uucnmliousiunnrlyAFncmuhilmryJievhllnd'

["Antn
[alma-"human
vim "mmm hm bum
[da
de!"
A...
hath
.|.:
hum
m Hmm ......
Ah." me Nllc anluy uvlumium
....1 um um m......wmm mumu.
lw
flw .|.-m w wquln nn mumu
Ivy
Neuma.
Mun puniuJul

<

Th:
(o : mm:-... (mn
unpnmm Proc-:$ (hn .... . nsu
thcmu
.... Npcmmnmlm
]
n...... (nmand
.
a
.um Um wpmu Ind .,.....;-a.
....
nngprf
..
....
m
...:
3"
u.
me adaptam)
, , num-n .
lul thcmsclns Num [uu ....
Ius : special Ndcmpuve puwcr. nn!
zhcmnharms um. s... um..i....
as awhnlejsuhnd mmm...
Lek
cald . ,
' . 3153...
5.1.3.3...
3?
. nas
m._..... .. . ..... .... ..
,
. ,
.
.
ml m dnsmrm uucllcc
,
ponmrEgum m m: Ms."...nfmc bim Amu....;4 cm
.
|
humm.
u ns
.
.
.|.
....
ng,
|...
C:
,
nuls. Hxs
ul)
hera. Bum .
..k mt:
hn
Imnzm em, ...numa
lwcm m.-knn
me um... n, m lBZ,l!)yd=n
Sr. Thom, .. Dumb www.. ...
mm a
Imp-:! un .

",";., ml;!the:mmm..."

|
b"!bulkbyum:branchornwummum
'" 0555...

....

011:

mm

m..

md..." mmm,

m...

frf'hruth.

:er

..

um! um...

MEm": byh'l' '" "" " "" m ! h

sonum... .

.hdnx: (hc Kibe; of,... hd be: ..

mf.:
Mre mey Ind ac...... ...m.

.?..le

um Mutumur bem:"
between us (uma... [mmswllmg
()(
cmumumly um g.... np uu
bondngt and mz marc sub]: forms
pcnplc lm:
pmuiulm'ly ..an : llnsplamcd
:m ancestral homcland,
111 d'une arcumxmnnes, thc mcnmry nf
desire to reum the",
dox-mn?! (h: poRl'Sm cxpcncjxcu um ..
comes an open man nd
Ema-c.... mm mmm .
mruprczed as .:, (ment connnuauou. ;. ..3150 De
......m. .Em
a um.
homclwhkh my
zum (o..:mx a.. Amim
appenmlcnmnun
&".th um
mm: uudly ngxcd m the ones nrslmBrown's As.... lion mmm
fmm hmm mu.
o: rh
m black mmm,
mmm-gemer: um huxu'mun:

'

baum umuwzimm

' " WW-cururu

.
.... ;.
l'amumakznunlo'lhcfz
um.

'

lazer
: =..wvic
dcm'on g faundznans kar
m um, Ar &nunixm .:um
m, ""
"' ' " h : n ' G int P Vrlndwfblllll
.

ing theme, though

mau......
Jn.,

..

clscwhem ... &"me

which the upproprll .
contributed
(o mu (mm m...... ....
wds
ur A m..........wndmuldmm
m*m "dmspura by m: W
and 60;
mk: pum during a.: 19505
Thurucuthnnmrccvasn:andmylluuhd uwhichlhk um .
Tue nexiun ur ; mmm
of mew dnfemmlv dxspclxd peopm
uu
um fim ohhm. Thc skvus' um...... "rm..." m
pmm ofnngm ..
arund [Magna] und um.
in um). plcdatc my formal org....mnou
...
whuanh:endoChAprcr'llmVlnhhc' mrnmwurdsdullh'l'llu
.
.
..,pmwdamumd
hnmcl
from
the
force/d
Swindon
Luma
um! ofcmlc.
black pariu.-aw (ulrum docs um A...-...,. ...
W

' .

.|_

'

,
P'v "m _ ummpmd

.]...

um

mun

mz xArm

...um--

um,

| lhe wk win-hn .5.=.gnu!

w...-|.- ... ..... Nm,
,"
tlw muniul hclwrrum.
"N
.

m mmm! minun ur Rgenummn nl"

uma" and Mumm'lll

mudel

nl'rhr
gum
mnnlugv pmvldcd

urmm mmm
num! Mllury

by que

apud through rm mxm

'

UNIX

"muy

The

w hh emergpmwn-Alihnlm

:mmunlryln
Blu/den hm bim born imo ; predmulnuntly ]cwhh
nu mmm
whcu
..
m
Thomas,
um
um Amalle.
rcnuwllcd "gum (nclofmmrnannmlly
had
an ....qu cmp
held n ,
Camille Fsxanu, lcwnh (km um umiulmms
mg rh:
:lzl flwmau'an far him from 111 eariy mga

mam

m mm em.

'
'm black Lulmml
pm msnim um mmm
hm
um,
Iam
nuam (mm.
Gerg: 'huppclxon. um cumes dmg: m provldr
u

Ins

pum

I pluyud'

ucighbm nl
ww Jem,
mim me um dnmlooked forwardmy mmm
um
as they 4.4 m
wk lewis boys, m.:
n 1cngnly
the
lways wenn In
sm.
annual f:;uvals and rm; nf !th| duuch
insrde trunk up nu
,olcml
Dav
me
.
gnguc on
nue
Cixuld
wunets the pwxccdinp ur
unid: posmnn nn, whuh ;
[hc nngng :md lho
wmshippcrs, hear me players cmd Ihc mmiug,
.
a
Symgngue smad on zh: mie of: hilkami, Nom uma
The
mmo"
could,
xmmedmcly :bmc u. m: Clmsum boys who wmv: mmmcd
Which wc md m bmarhku
look down upon the m sunoux emm,
have rnnmml me a" m
whmh
Silence, mm nn
a mama
dnvs army mw
.
Jws
a
"''
Blytkn beam & dou: mu & ol mm Czrdmc. young
bccnmc the nbbi ofzhn mm....my, n bg-n h
For

sz...qu

"(mm

mns

Frm "

mmuwum:
suffering cmd n...
mmm
m;
dmlov

&ng
themncwemhcenturybodldlcvlmluanc

Ackxmwledgmg nm nucnculmrm hhmry nl'Lhe

Im

Mwm

mmanm'im
m
m'

Lhe

em du! mas: comtlgence me lgum.. rn: 5p1rzual

.mmemm nn black iuffcring and m profana cquixalcni. me com ou
, being m
pm. am oi num mamy mmm by thc Im: dm Scprlc
hose who luuk rn. redempuon zu rkc phme in m' mid no.
mhm Who
mmm m luncl : m :ll'ccu n me nm Hm me me quano" uf
ngm.

ponlizy cnurccs
"mu manner m whmh modem

mr

Unum provide; nn mgnnisatiunnl na

mudei fur N'efltlezhrccnnvlj' PmVAR-uanismhds been :; .,
gem-( by Squcum h (mmm nd poll! al hnmnuu. Du Bmx

??

'.11

&

"|

dhlpurl
m: mm zlupcnll |qu uw

[ZLM

um

mcnudsrolnhuuhw Ppuli,
.
mxuumdex] mdw pmmm,
Much lh Www"
((.. un) |, me mmm

,lml lnnlnml Ihc

.r

"kahyunlumlllhmfyluwmrh

mmm

'um m N
p lem rcmim pon-mm .... Il;m..- umIpen
hm rev/mg .oum
Iury
used m
up
iu radial pon
Imonship hmm" black; nd
:; buz' Bump:
uhibvw
[mw
boLh Zmnm
hm Ethiopinnlsm md
(mmm
fumus 1 lm: zlxzady dum/|| azztnrion (a [hc (emm place
(lle mcmphor; (: journty
mie in both publica] culture; The
mnmmccd :szhmlologlcnl chamara! of mm memes ol Emiopizmsm

blu"ks m4

.um um Wer: u
mm, mmIcvuhnpmem
'n'mm nuuum lw- ml

bv,

uszcmnng

vi ludelndthc ru. r

mod:nfxlhxsrraungAhnsevmucx."

Arn
pzrzi um: wmld, Hc hn gun: mm
mc Ncgm .; found m m Chim
H; rms (med the Anmuic m mu
bia. ruma, and India m
.md m m:
h<misphcxc, and hem he has mom-d in me new
mmm
..
:; cxcrywhcw
' m' ,. "Men.
ou scrum-nexus ofAmn-ica , Hc
N'riru |.
and he .s, :xerywhem um oi Afnfa me wrnnl omhm .
k
.nm unv
danngmshcd as hmng umd and mfknsd m mi.. hu
Whn
kmwn
ue
like nm "moa; mmm! pcuplc, me chmm,
du_md
Rnumw
thc mmm nh;
among
amung [|K Emmm zx
with IIU: .ka Hr,
by
Ccera
bem
m m" ma ,, mv
.

Fur

zwccu mm

pm t "ld": Hck Atlanur vohml ctrl-"re npphcd

Ncgnulde. sumcrhmg dm! Lcupuld Sddr Senghnr, ano Dhu foundcrs,
hn aim Commun! m BJ;/delis Influence.
by

&

"
" """"
uamry bem " kw md

under mvdxue's

hs Pumrcd m [hc :undfmmm Ampau uFIledcn's pmNacm for

mim-gs u Icegnmxsmg m: umpemuon
md m thc ,;an
em: wrm;. cambie
* ("
iu
(WMM
Mwm
pnucct
rh: unk
"uma
n

During me 19305 when we Munched (hc Negnmd: movement fmm

d pzmdoxcallyffmm
Pm, wc mew (uu msphulcn echlaHy
Ncgm Aumentam m the general anic nl me word from the Hur
lrm Rcmussdnc: mmrmcnt. bm :|le from Ihc "udvgmsl" mou
men! m Hm . . Au Ihc thuuca mm mm m m develupcd by the
mmcmcm me already mmm by mmm in the nuam: ur

mm

um. whmwuld

'

WWW

funpalmgmv Mlu/Sn wc.!msm .

,
"null-nehum
mkmhlm
n. wu minimum Em: a: thc nmc nl Ihc Dmyhn um um wmm

.. mumu. hmuqun nnimn

um;nwndeW-mf n
m hn .lx|lxhx(y_ru[xhy.uul
'" ' ""

Ihr" put/ICA

m
tump

maniac

eu.nldrln

Arrivlng nm;

,.

.s

:*

Mwm- my , *Uumdll
l'/vm
Imln mumdulnm'
(de Icvmh inn,
[wzu
lmwnl
ya,
,
igm travclwd mm 5 ohh: mk uma dna md um
-: ik: (lw lick ue
by
Judah-mm
mumu
panuek
<,

dilfcmm ways tlm h: din'mm

among " mm mm
1 Ar:
um
emm.
formaly: zhcu imginam um mmm mm
1
-emm
mm
(mm
: Wes! k :
m (fumam
: ummuu
ikc hc muiamkm Unum wnh.
uso mnn' [(:an palma! mmm
(
dcmocmm the clan: ciano
usncc
Palcsman uggla

el and Soum Am neh lmcrvcuc

my
bet-mn : me: of

cum/crm:
mime
;igancnw
o dcwlop duluguc abum

mm
Wurth .

mLsc obvious problem, md mmse; mn

'
Em

dllmaca

bmh
bc
;
hc
Lud: Funko!
um

Wilim- (
.,
amu. mmm-h
W
.] suaurl-mm
mcmyuuo
of
me. .:l-mx
w

um

common
ip

mmm

mumia!

luclx

men

'

'

pm

w1n

333%

.,

by likmmm
I-Inlocmur which
um
um
own uqulncs
the uncomfnrnlvlc

"

'

'

lmnnn o"!

mmlcm

:
.:lnismland
,

neopmcm ofGemml
s

wmv-m
hu
335313.
eu

Amen

.ng
l'mlurc
mim
um mma
uma] dialognu Zygmunt Bauman; ron-fx.

/,

a.-

',

. offersnwnlth mix-my!mothewmplidry-an
hc advanugcs ufmzrpmluty as hermcuculc dpqm "i.

Matlonship bum" mnsm d . Snmmlu wnhuue

nnnmg : Americas lex zlone explonng mimm runnectlanl
gn what na cam : gmdrnmg amzc nd planmiun um -1Icw!
m

"

smc vl=- born ofxgnomncc ontisrcgnd, huvlnvlohlwum:

.cvulyunnvnmumlnauon'm'(emphaslsaddcd)mndrhcunl
zyhg
|

.,

light tllL' "nos! feroclous (>! humr [conflicm lh. hczweeu

Eumccnmsmc em um! lld advznung modem
(vpizx &
ml
:
m trem ; nchncss ok nunca-ul :ng Emmmucl Lm
um nbunz qumnv: umquuless um: mm zgm mis
?
rm. mmm
:pot'znd um ndrrsrinxhng ((the
:=;

uw

61
ff

,Howcvcnnxccluszppmprinumuk nltllll -
me - bm-
inldldn;
nbxzncc eakm 11
lm
"gue
nur a. nd undermluzs .mcnu [of lu
naun "

..muu
Kgnua lm

vluz :
mcmury
bondage, Tlm chapter ww (mv mls um
iu mundu:
e
cn
lwhmd
bem
me lenon .md bnmhgc m
mau arme commumucs nfsunnmnu upmznuu wlch hluk

:
mm (mn
way:
: udp mp1 ndnc Hm. do Lhnngcs
(bl-uh
- .r,
um-nu
"humm:
mim
.
.unuuoum

ma.-ca enm-

cx

'

'

mmpllvl

bmlonewlkhuullluda

.o

would mcvmbly

nncmui mmpcumm

cd

maga",
mncepnnn

rjcnnggum

mn
construa, and mom vngnaniuuy
gm

um
nfnmm

modemlw
wma um
ms um."
(hc hmonu ufblacks
key bring
and
pum:
memry
mada" Th: Issues armam"
-
uncrlv immu
pmmlcc
me... ogum 5 um do net um
q
-
mm
:xpzrieu
nge
um communitics
em
( m'degmimn

ufhmk :'(,"ch
hmm m pxocccd mind lw king md
sp.
ucnimiu uccu
csuom derived fmm
u
mes
u.
.g-
of'cthnir
KM1m<mmy<muuh
(hm
when
mm- '
H.. do m.- cxpressn'c wlmres primer; mumum: Hw
vc lcmembmmc wdn
muubcrmg (ny urgnmsul? HW ,

mbon ".um!
h . disrinctivc md s. temporaliw
k
n umh
s mupuxahzy hmm] nsnuum a

:
mq suggested Adorno"; um
w mg1 zlsu piu-sue Lhe
- c -od hc
.
"
:
gw:
um (pum, afremcmbmncc
c

uma"
""I
ufmoph, wvthouz beu g :mpmc
mmmumm .
black Azlanuc:uluucmmarkmpc
by

-:

chlulmlancchuunhuuldb:p<|c.aun

<

modern

dommugmmufman

Mkaudgdlmed.1'hlnh

smug

... -mc m beu" undmmning

u.=onwi

Muum, Hamm,

ofkhcsc

ufnnhcrlllvnry

mmm;

:| nlump

um
m

puxm :n| m um

nm

-um

clnmmntinn Thcve mcmghmaw mm;;

:
'Um-kw Hmm
nu

Holomm

cumnuly

.. .,.vexamplr i

Ri

www
llmumn'siudifl'tmncem

Hummm ou

.um

., .

arm
Ecmriccunccpuon ufmndemky
bnwzcn

anuhlzckru

nun

'

,.

,.,

,., ,.

W
fem-lma"!
m,.
audnncnlnwrylndlndmllmm
-

mt.-,

nulllty um! |:"!qu ,,,4'

supplics a dcpmsslng column-pm! ru Ih:
cnmcthlnkmgmwhich themes umhclmmm-

quikam'Ain
xlnvc nad:
um ,., ,,,,
n::d

Hummm,,

rm. mm,,
mmm ,, mp,: claque!
dr.-ulsicnnfmdlmm
Bauman'smlhcrcurmry

dmly m r. Hummm

Hrs

:ucmpu ellcwh
m,, man, m, mand
crhnic mmm

,.
,

jan

5me

in 1911;&

and status ohh:

A, m w muy discusnonx ohh: scopc
pavor,,
a
becomes
m m, nmlczsl
efsncncc
d:!uiry, m:
.

mudu
ofm-

mu-=

,'

um
um!) Rnhannahpmoundconscqumccsfnnhcnzhrrdiclupnnr.
Den-mr, cmd Emma Muuu um" um bm,
en hmm, mam M.
prepared m Spam.: about (h: linka buwucnhlun
arme vary

,.

,.

., :,

_
,
wanna"; f Mm mm(mmm ':?" hun
um,
mnmlnshm.
>

um

ciosely .,, sup wuh uma

nm European eugcmcs developed
audrecuvedsubsmnm] cncuungcmuu fmm (lu: dem,
mem
',l (chuan;
mecu: ofcolo
xclaunmhlpsnetd nolin nuy ,.
ltbcarsxzpeuuon zharexplonng um
.um-fm :mmill . ,
undermmc (he mW-m. ofrhc Hukwmu [, .;
dn:: um. me ;ml'hllky da. ,
m usa um ,uma, or,.mqums, .,, o! ho,mn, und um: pum-nn
combined ,fm campanha ducusslun ,;
ufmodnm
lcglumucn mlghz be mmm maklng sms:
when:
me me: nrdumulln
be an npccvally urgenln k ||| Europe,
wuh me Nm lmwemcm ar: um m Minut ),
nmmmpcnry m sms
quuriuul r.,r nn nel-x punnul - ,,
nl'inwhlhlc
h., puwd , veria

.,
link,-lama? '

; ""

hlory

oram; modem um
[crm/:
way m

mim.

rn
ml

,"

m,.

lu
mmm zbouz (hc mmm ul'me
imm:-:?::
namdusnesx
mm,hm,
4
nnw
uivalcnrs m zh: litemkurv .unl Nun-Ary

&

ulrgtoixhumnmsudeolu
rr)
a, group,, T,, ,, ,, mm"; raclsnm)
mm,

fm,"?
,.
, "um" "
him,nes
chcmbming mac
,
leu:
r
morhcrindiesamcconccpmals
lcou:
" "FPM!
rhacmxcleffff

for showing
can mcul

hmmm
d'l'KtrkluiI-zxxznaf
W, ww midllmm-mwm

ccunomxr srmcmmx of
: . nurmal
mspemfvnzhu clcmclm
""m.m'
pmhmmm

,.

femme,
Auzllmaledtodxl'krznxmedemkspecalxxmszndcummandcd
hydnrmn
]mwurml cnused
be
in
mk: :
pollucal (cmumeucms. Then work van

mmm:

'

ulllmIoannrgumA-uzibonrthtamu
&&ILWWM

convem

il

n::ufsmvcrymuharhcrniluh:um?

,,.

uma; ;de:

um"?"

mm;

Rmeau; hum-d

uh,,d.nm.m_

_,

Mtrasesasnnmcnimplvcnemumnnrnmnglm,
Ihcu'manelund
govcyngd Ivy ,hmi ,
Mallonshlp mm mm: who owned mm, we: Kunming, which
,;
em
moda ofnmblulmcz and audpuhy, mnmacy md
his mm, mm:: uuwlmm na .
Bnuman so much 111 uma s::u'ugs, but
mlnhunulll
muchmg (h: complex dvnzmlcs ohh: masL'
ofSimmcl's hairs an: Ius "mmm, em" lh
1:
mad em dm some
suggcslni by mm nlpI
xhould bc mzh: Mn,-= omqmn' ,um modelmzy
in
Universal

A5!havcnvtdmshcwiuchapm 2,(hcslnvcssnx>d nppcud ,

n me Em

,_

:,f' ?""'" ' ,

m ..,.dm,,,,d,,,5 of,, umd! M:: I the Halo:-w, ,
, P.,-,,, m,, ,, mm;- .
viu,-v
W,", ,..., ,...,, , www,:
! mupl,!" . .
bu:
:lnueomummufu,
,. d,: 5, [Im WM um

hmmm mtu,,
(funds, enemies, and mg.|I
imo (|I: ovevlozdcdeuccuuln bem::n
dem/cd rmm um,
amodd ofrhzculmm! pr mo'zsmmhnon
Indgc the dymmvc muy-play

'

"

'

>

'

'

', ,,,-',

'fmflmm

umnskmwd, ann-Scmusm and mmm,

MWM " M f
"? m"y
Mm" Assclkcd

of :Ghuon Palma, ,,
wma,
makgsuch dialogue
mex

W")

''y

,
hmnogmpnym
tk"w'
:erum,:
me um.,
humanscienccs
,..., W.,, ,,,, cultural 5,
W, Af? " .hm mi-vlww
m
ud byhose ho [nr [ha, the at,-:::, MTT
"
? mmm
mvpmmmd L,, man,, (0 own
M
P, :
d"
:ulh

m ",.,C,

;,

uusnem
,

m f "

Wm]

., '? ''-? bmm

: minifig,
anilina md "gsm,, th:
Khz
-'

by
?.? I 'd'y.
luva mb,-,:
,,,,Z,,L, dm um (,,
-ur, the similar panelas ufsocla]
[
n among Jews Ind
an,] n,: me, ,,,
.
.
, .wf''' " "
,,,, ,. m
ou m.,
muuhcuhmn, here mm
,
.
.
M], m
," ,mnpnnp
um, hmm-Ac .,,,.l mm , . .gm mu,-,,,
,,

ally submdmazcd who

, Jw":

mm

m wkh

non
,.. ,
Mim. naun-ml
rm th: saver-don n
m um na; hora
Lhis

ngm,
rhnnlgll .untnughu
mdcmptlvc
,pmal
pnwcr produczd
This Adu of:
whu Im. ol
zhinkem
Ihc wnnngs thhck
[
us indy :nuuucrpmx m
bem-cen |le Immry ul'mmlcm rl
wumuhips
idcnnfld
mmm
uma
mm Amcnn Th: c.!pacily nf
31: redcmpcicn ofhum
mm
suam ml
Lhe modcm world lhrnugh the mnh und
blazks [o redma and uamfoxm
i,, for example. millny
dam, ofpercepuon [hat cmerg: Bom :hzn pam
Kung. ]., him argila nm
element m zh: chu-lug of Marun Luma
.ucmingmuld ha um.
only umbmk ,um ng h., ; mmm; bunhat m
Lhe moral
snnn of
nahaed ind amplim so that "' (Quid bc of bcncl m
black
is
mmm.
whkh
use
wmu
m: whole wrld. Equzny uuhlgnoux the
dcdxcd from rcudmghflh: ml:
have made of models of uuunl su'uggle
plzvcd in dextleplng m: polmal mmm nr
whvclv mma
mu ]wish lvvlellccuals hm
Apply A
their cnmmumzy In [hu mm.-h, dw xm,
me pmccdcnt uh
buckmuumws uy m :mulne The, A::k m followbeen
able m make |M
llshed by kmsh [hinkus who are thought (o mw
agenda nflhc Wu: nx whule:
suffeung ofdmu pmplc p:" of lh: emm
of me monl lusmry ohh:
Th: Iew's sufcnng mcogmnd as &part
the warld's |..
world and me kw .: recognized as mumbuwr .o
history, Whnhcr ar not ou: can
mry zhs .; nor uue faz mas. mim
breu
: s honourcd, is ccrminly um... the bim
say
and
when
nun.
mmm, nahgnm, and x(cspixd Th: kw ;, mn: Whmbnck
mcll
zheyzrc heroes

.xmblgxuncs

"mmm m

mim

[henry orbhnk
f eu up
, mafipolluc-I
mxm: ml: m lh: davelupmmnrnau lunar-.* cmd?
uma Bmwd :.. the shadow ar um, mamy um
mm
.Um
.
mcmly a Lhmry arblck mmyrdom in whlch me
""7
nmscd before rhmrmu-rymuldlxnimd l'orilnpalul
.:

dm

hmckljhcmwcl na "grammar.mm.mmmpl'
urna-|

'

, .e mnhnucs. a mm (lm "sem

:|Amen.
slawry .. Ihc big-um:

mani th: Im

nr
dns
ampomm m by :le
Thu: .ch [mu mmm mas, Bm...
hum Ilubeen idcuul
black Adanzic pohual (mmm bmw hc lm
Ihr blwk
uld Cum-= und Stanley Cronlch as me plogemmr nh mxm
mquimd
then
hlcsxcd
and
u, plny
rxprtssion m which mam. m um
Wurm,
(inn: um. h .
special rol: m yllummating cmd txmsformmglh:
ml: um |:
bom ofzhcm end up enunwumd nflhe
with Baldwin.
--;
me
meu- um um
mktlleclunls hm [uma m wnmhdnng
thugh ylrcmnllt culzunl |M
mnusnc of um, mmmumncs
prupngaudim capnblc run,-pm.. du Mm!!Cnm sees um gmup .
mm mm umv'vrln mim :amw wm. m "iuuur mumu" u: wm

"amm

m hw: bem

...um

m::

pl um mi; u Im Mm m (I: ou num . ..

.
mon...; excurmm mm the mm..)mm lx
lnuly and me Amr(mihi: :s m
r]
eurgumml ; hm- mad m dm.. " minh-pa
Hummm550" (o (Imuch's pnxcmuz which batam

thwouldbcumunuquumllw
Icwl In prmlogl 3
mmodem
mm em mm ml mm (n m: mim
dudmgp

um

uma m

mui Hrlem .u'=

in
maligncd as hmxlhlms: me bm and gh]; wn;
mnunlua
mmoughlv aware ohhh, md ): cemmly mnu'ihutes m um

yy of human ...um: md behavmu m Hln null.

ll
Tlm:-ou :; [hm Hclnwd, above ..u eu:. [: Humm hul-

kugv

WWW guem

W?

whuemcudscung ..smppmm
in thc
smguy Thc upnsiug
m: they um mmm m um nauv: 01,115
em me mrlizlpaurs
was no! dcscnbtd as 3

Hulmm (fhvmpciu
31

'

::

without cmmdmiugiuhc pmxlmnryxluzdum

m*
. mung mm
to be wma num wulug mu.- hlnadu
:( um N: a; m camp. 'lhcm, mu ax pmciuun mumu
Em learn something mm. | 1:
the way um modnmhy .
01 miuml humm] cundud.
4 mm scope um
um .,
mm;
.
and an; mon npm'mmly ihoul the ldmlngwm
'
.
wlu tllcxc bruni lusmriumubcslmwn lu
:..w Isaues
pump: urnmm nnlucnhaw mmm lo
m
Mulan pmponunuul|| Eumpc. um mox! arme
:n.
d by culmlrand mmo-W upcnly draw neirm-pnnuw
..
nhbdimisxcs

em

hmm

m...

um;

::

Imaum

Ing cs.Willmnlwmlingm .gnum muhupurlnnl- . .'."

-l'ul(is|u.mdnm cmquuihu vi: mexplnwlhdr
" |: pmvid m bu muinrpmblem rum,: .um um, .

"

'

mw dlnkuluuwnh

mm.:
oramwdn
mumu
,. 'ln wmamumm humm
u- - rul [wlhlllm

1.

lll

1
ln (unclnsmn. wnnr la lry m um;
mxxswluduharnnlmcmsliuhluuwnmimm

m and apud. pollritallv

Spm

mumu!
ru zh. '
:Inw
.muunn
mm m
m

Mgun du: mal wma:

rs um
Much some blzzk
laugllngu nmidlr um
of
um exhzusx then
into
nrnnh: um.
cansuophcwhuh mmm the umeuccnfrhelr
nus-gm
Mul
(amnha
repeti
denvnndmgltxcuntlnuancc hum m
:hcsc wnltn JK MackAmmci
qnmzlv mmd shw durma
bull
.lssmnlacd
m um pmim of
work should nu! bc %].me
dlwcusc n;: 13.1
crhnically pmiml. or nadouanl. clhumm (.non,

mm

Nk "|:er

,,-

Mm

mm

M ),

an

mw

xc

("

ww k d.
221.533.

"1"th um
] M e! a be at

11

um, ,(

1;

essa.

u) zpprecnxc dm

'

m black f?

um wan-nel um "(mm

". ... wl .;
:

" ' "

HCV

MM

s" 5
Crmim

(ncfs, um (gm,

um

. .

a xm

: my llm |: wu mu num
Ihc uma mu: word. wzm mundu!
.

Bvlvvedwzs lxmgwmrcu ."

the m'cmll nrgulllenluhllll book bmuu Ir],
the
( tih-mr
Mamam L um) m,,y
Mima of
" "'"-f expenenm, md m particular rh: mcanmv m,),
hood, .ueccmml mmm". Ihc Mahmud) nukmimpomnufille
uma.
a"?

"' mr bm"
=
sul:

am,

nm Qm'

the rami group :: :

mimi fMormon,
[Ima

female members.

em
(mm :| dilTemnr

for

im.mudar:
unm r [

:unnndlcon, conxuluted L me
zh;
'ng
Gmc,
m'
cn me um sar and (hc m.;; comnn , sm
She cxphmud z: :.czurrcd (a me dm Lhe
quammmmmmmw
ny,

vom-d

1.133? the commumn, when you are wm' (Iuldmn, hen em ,;

un m um ,,mmsnudwm ..AhrgawnGnmerdMn':dnwhar
k

ufc persuu durcrmulcd [o bc sensible?" Thr Gamer

lllunnms mmc m.. fm Ihc indommblc powcr amm m 55er

mm

mam

'

espccmLIv ":lcvmt to

mw.

mmm.

'm 'm

gm

funcluncd fm

.,

ny,
hu .
Cnlhoun m Am vrAnn-rican crcwmuu ou a m
im MINCl
ullhkc
Kinky
bm.
Imunexmal rclauomhlp wnh thnyk
efa ,nm MV, Shcrluy Anne w um. pm
presents Munn zh:
Cbommw'lle mmm mm hummm-nu u.. .
and D.Md
kmax ol'innmpdnn amam.
cui: "Mommy between mm-
Tm Munimn ducrlbu Hdmi 'unuhlum
own smulmcs, mn.nom-mu
the I'nmul cun "n ahh: uma?" [hm mmm mui
um (an .mnl .. hnml .uumy Muuu mim
gm- nflhmnuul mn.
mm
m:
[lw

mm..-

:: has

um

.
'
mf. ,:hthen:,
[ "'lw fng frbhckf
pmpk Ms musy:
,;
,.v
x;.Z-Xflmw
u
.
;5l'1d_l'lvi:h
...
(Mm
m
unrvrcx sw'
mm
:::
wek

when .lsszmng the uuumimm mn:

However, (lm wmuu [: p
madcrshlps num nlmlmnnism mm'ams,
umcl md um dim- m
,um an argument abo-|K me fon m
uluwh
mmcmbmnccxwluzh k um:. [tom iu mmm. |ch
md
mcmmy
m .
novels wma. um exphnny with lnsmry,
umhi
mm: Amarmmm
aml
.1n
mkmc
ngmphy am:; md mmcmbmncc all amb"
wuh meu mimu maq
AS
asozu'd
fun-n
nmel
um
negociada ohh:
[nluwnnk MW], Primal. wh
afmodelmly and Enlightenment Chzrlc
uw expcremcg uBmhnl
addresxcx

nuam m

um:]

S=puclsm nhnnt (ha

(hu: qucmuns md ".. mmm

ui . : m

o.

mm

'
MMM gmpmmumm
" hm
""M"
muscrhcvhdd Lhcanzlnz | vh d
mv
lhnrmm
mm

ammd
;]OALIXDMI
u
"
"i "
Srplmxcgthcm
hlf? fim "' ' "M "
pum
Liu
Fl alan

um: nflrymg w
a" ,.. quit: durma:
plalmbw mncrvnlhl
m
um mes uhnciab): tmm' In the mmguminu
pla.
hmcnlmcr m um wmrelation to me "mpg pmanomy
placed the": ( all, Bc |.
black vem.-mr Mure, me can be
nA
novel
hp: wnrlumg lu
mc xlcinimly
[luz Mm draw: (h: under [o the
m born: in
crmglifc mm mm. he md; shou? shnmd
fffltuu mmm by blck A.

zhcv
1

vcnmunarformsnnd(mv/.udl.

mam," gm

mmm]

netcuuran
gmizpohm m mmcmulnn
those marked bv mumu.
than
mas
ntmhu
mbme
chnccl
am m Ihc web ofdmspum (muds .qu

spm

mm.

writing, within Ihc vnnacul

productin. Mnniwn dtgcnbcs
mmm um;

m: dm m
mr
mm
em;
.
grup. dm mm .; vr.) . m "vl . "" b hm
dwrmvnxanev m; ' n [, ( (Fv ( " ll WDS n nn farm zh"
[hy needed Thel
[G?jdlldninjcdnmels naum,: hmm

thn

muy bc equnlly
.um. of mm
nnlmd wrlncnuullureindnmtponsum[Ile

emmple

.:m mumu md idwlugzcal mmm: and mw nlrcmkm cnurpnmu

I'll-mtv.
Mwm um mmm. Um is [hc .um. pmmm ul'Afi
n:").
II [E
apra-mn of Wuhan mmlcnmy 'Hmr
. lt m lil
WWII
lluvny. h . um. me "um...
um

hetwem mumu

me.

me pmn'mn nfllack: lu me mudem

M
anil m explore u .n nugilmiv: wmm;

contmnuuoun
.:
mnwmpcmry Nm. wnxm mani lu rat-gu though md
nur-mal, ; mn mm mm, em Ellvammcnn

zxfozher

me"

pnm
Emma
dates

:uudoukofpwlmmncal,cululrtlcu.andlvclmlA

Iru'lbk.liannzlmrnwulnu dmauwh). L'mp um :urwmc H 0

.
lim" (mmm
m mcmphyuw lvy : rmnccndmmliat lu Middi; PBH/mt
um mr, Callmun, 15 "um"; wmpmmucd um um [W |; pum". 15
|||emm on mm lm by hi csmngcmem (mm hu buloglcal kn
:, usmmpmmumun mu
hrhaAH .- .
1

mn
.uwthn:
masm.
Thedcsue rhpinha:culmmlsyuemsngmuslnuc
(Oxum! bv (hc Med m md
i:
cun-(mmm
m
p um".
present
by a
h hmc hem mndcmd implan .ch
fm vm of
thlimhcr
clmraucr
w

.1

mmm

adm-:
mthzermrsymnunmnymduomu'pmmscdamfolm(fpolil'C-ll
m
Shcdcv Anny: lenams
economy: Mmmsrnuon.

nam :

unmblc (Yp

mmmmnprcpmng

ionvmtcd ofrchcnmnnndWmung mc
vnrerucwed by Wim:
15 Wushu

mn

lmh
:. m

Plc, haudlmgm rhc mncwcnm

ofmcanvngwkh Its own rhauucnxck

&uppom anim wstcm
each olha m Dcyu |."
nual-iscd N TEC)
mcmory, mlcs, and
m'crhtrshuulder, :! Shwn'and m
As a black urmr Ioukmg backwmds.
legihlc. meduzing no, by menu ufnmmll
iug u um. mtdhglhlc
Wlllmm! ;;
[ ,
kd m h um um m bmum

upon m; md n
umpnhucal
l'hcsc imagumw nl-mw; w mus
prlmkax do .
m. um. w bukm :nnlcnlponn'
&.
(Ariccnmc ur nxhcrwlsc) I'mlu
Slmylc Usasm
,

emm

mon
pam! mwnd 4
.
of hung, Khmkmg,
understanding;
and
in (mmm
W'nl
um
mwgmdcd
.mucmnun
abnunhmkmg md bunr Tn he sun,:he
dum-mun;
'
spam,1
tem; "(Man.-m
em &anth and ,m

nppunumlymrcmmcpuulucm|
mmm-.um mama; Jan.:mmm m
mmm!
m
inmufw
WW
.wmv, um! SIM
hmm
Mum'wn'l
by
mmc break sun-(crxmrcd m mmm
modem

ralmml .qu : cmil'lc

a : wlmlder hos:
nluminnriun
paummw md wu uma! vrmun ufncml
puma:
mhmlmclm
um: a: url Hmm" b) his predecmmu behind m. wu.
wk .
Mm une hm
uns
nur une ohhcm
hnh
um hc way ; wld yuu m pu:
... x.).

(um of Schuuhcachen,

mm mm

emana-mu un
u Hu:

me

nm.. up"

wmv
'rhm

nn,

um,

her .uuuml

mm! mr mu,

Am!

dum

rm m

&

sswun
:|
( uu

mndcmm bcgmswuhshvcry,, Fromnwnmc Humm!

! Km

ms o! confrommg (hc

mm hm m

d'

Pmbltlm ul'whtuv Ihc Wrld ]: now black

Iclcuuh
mdm pmbkms "I the |
ms bv blck Ppl

'
" '
"
hummm! need
inn; : .e ago certain kmdx ofdnsoluzionjh:
,
Gumm
hndsufmlnlk.,udsofmmm,
d,
fm-n
),.Ic
"m"
unter,
um
m
as
"'N'
ar
une
duma; W
"? l"!
k' '" fd
"7 l wur mmd "nusc
"
mmm f, mmm!
" "' "'-V md" Pil!
a res,-mus: m pmmw
:whan
mt,
" " " duigv md an :cmm Em .!
"" Phm'
trm3103) blawn bmk: the mm m half, ,: broke
new
,
Vr WW ''mr- mma them nm mm),. d, ,, nude

mm

:hcnurm "uma,inmuulmucrm memn'rdorimkoxhundmxtx

V "' ' "! Ilk . mllv Thay um u- der-...m", . m. me
ly: had m munsrmn Evenmw."

'

'

.-

humm: me subsmncr "Furrvdiv Hu

Fluop'.
uld
Mormon mmmmu.....nwm
Pm ',.
n

>

VI;;ZMX

'

onwy

mm

"mm:

mimpmndm:..mkmumbcdounrrfhcrinim'ywramdukn!

|." m bm, n..- .

body m zhe hmnds md chmus her slm'cn' h. [Equ
,

anth

'

n?
,
oxs'sm
mcnnm 'IhyqupkjgmbmW m d, ' ):.v E
mmusiryofducslnlc
; fm.'
15
[(
mz
bongmggcsmd
[hn
muczmmm
nm
L
nann-rvrjikfmq;
: E E];1211;. "mf"?
nuk
;
"mm ,; mmm.5 um marked

,
Vupul
uf thclhnu m me sl..mmm ufshvc husbmdl 'hc Ram
,
Themf'" mmm; ,; pnmm
(on md Some Mum; ofEradu'mhg
bmvecn m: um b WM WWW., N.
ccl'ncd w h mg

her uma,

mama-ibmmmmodmwmn
h ('
esc hmm
um. u hh
&

runow mc

nl

&

U,,

.lumde : lythngvnwand w,,

um:-um lhe

m n (hc

md

Y,

memory, md

mh lhe d-n m lb

'

Mumia

llity ol'l'mgemnz.
[menus impoul
.
, """
Struggle m forget wma. was import! ln ordermurmuu
'5
] mmm to nuke rn,.zlcssr" Thu: micrlnckinz dum-. m

31

'

(xmngimmmupw
lolcc m
mmmup-bla
m
.
um
a: um"; m- mzuph ;
um to: hcrmmeunc msomcca
chniccsm'modcmslawxispurdlhmuglmncnqmrymlothcnmlnl

'th pmmnln
um
15]ohanshmgton,anandam:luswmnwhohmmlimmemcrmllr
mmcwd by the slavc achu

suvmlc lw

mem:
m

me

'

b'd'

.md

other Amg'mmecri =,, n.

Jum

lmwgzwmk ||

um

em

.a

m '

ll UR.

wry

""

_.
&

m
na got m b: hmm
a: ru
w= luv: ablu'
m zmnr
lcalmng
au:
bhck
mexi
rm um
gm
land
where
hvc
th: pnil || ,
Wc
m a
dam-d : lol ufwlunblz maicml
lmmigmuu
wma.
future
m
zlwavs emm and Amtrica .: (hc mm.-u:
Slam is :!nn. Th: pur zbscm .
where
the
and
Em come
sun om,
dwcliug u. In,
': mmanuclznl rm; culture down encontras:
me pm Tlm mcmofy
coming) terms mm, the Hmh about
thuw mr; 5qu
m much more 1" dmg now um ms

Blume

"'
'
ofrhTZZXIK--:htmlfl
r

mw
m ;

wk

hmmm

[&

wmv ,.

um"" wand Rpmlm

thrmmcvlmlpmumk-m,rrldmun'An'lL-mhmldmfl ..

mmm

pulmnl'

..

p..

n.. me

'

ty

of; xcxpons: m Ncism (har doc n rcify me

: um

,
.,

,
,

the wudnm gcnemled by dnvcloping se es afamwerl m the .

:
" "" bm? '

:;2:33:12 33:33 d?

terror w ceuEgult
for us IiMihucntJ

btm.

muy.

L|an

win.-a...: um lm: hm pmcd

'
.
', "L Them ,fi rxampc, : pmmunny Im
u
|, the po
ur. ucw cenmry in wlllch chi
long-:( bc mc mim" line lm [hc chuuunnn "',.
.um and the qunzn md, w. upar! u, . .
(n: homc md abroad] from du: ".um-bl. Ww n
'na
==
und: um, n (hex: cncumsmncu. 1: my be zum
canal-p:
.

ufhlsmry and
Mun-hum emphasis on the imagiuzwc ppmpnmnn
dsnnuwdy modern
"
ccrn wuh me mmm (unmun of
d
.
black
mixer

bcmg
mmm
who
dmxe
Mum um
Im hmh ou
wrd
Acllisl coda cr
adhmm m onluxiox narram: snucuucs mu (Mmgms
hmm-u , .
points m um celebrate; some uhhc
Hm
by black writers whosc minmw mndcruism cun
up dw ps! dnnd
rm
prum (3 m m, ul'urmr
uam pm.-um duough m |magmanvefrom
mmcmpomry mx: | vlulc
surpass umlcntmdmg md Iud ma
'
mmwim rupture ut
through Iynclung, mma; (hc Kcmpural
drawing upon und _
and me
middle
m
guge, Hm Mummn
by
[hem
url , gencrltlnmof
(unsuucung the manu-cs supplied m
rmunullry.
,,
writers who ahowcd me mnfluenu: m I'lcilm,
with
mudvmlty
discudmumcm
bom .

0th

'

"

gmnm by the

es um ufwhich

mima

",

..

lm

DH

wl

u.,

" mdw"

lou
' ,]
,
.
m
.

cm m um w:
D,Phnrypial !"m' _
do!
'

qm, Mwm

sh:
% m
m
um why
m
humry
Momwmugguu an "unem; mul
iu;
(o
mad: dnsdeu
[um

um: vlue On mha huronv o: mammary:

responxnbk.
we

'

naum Imrmulnllymlcd md mlmnliyum

'
um: ufmumion
'
md Flleck

he can cnmpmh
m: formal mumu; m [hc ms phnl: sn nm
Fur
deem uma IMn conrln
micnL: enm slzwx' pmkmnce

Idbtcouumfnmunun
J;; um. glmdnn " dum
hybu'dlyua'gcnmgrur;Tmmy!
m
hm
Wed um |

,.
,

,e

labour is :Iuabk for

um

'(

mir ;

Mng?
mm
N

h "

nfucm'
d'
mr
:=,

f "

(
mn bc

'tsa'jr

my fmnmndmg na?!
mm md! vm mim?. Sr ln nwuhcd m
m mp me mmc["
ns Eqmuympmny
f " ""
,,.
'
pm" ? ' ""?" ".me
,
m

,,

WOMEN

fg?
mm

f;m
,

EI,"

lpl"rhemrncwfpcr

1. The Black Ada.-dc ax Counmrculmz: ufModq-niry

1.

Wem=r Sultans,

Pres, 1956),

MW am, (an am and

Dxmd Oxford Ummmly

1 A unit uhmlwis for

m min ix mun: ohh:
ms accordmg mchromxnpe
sp)-zm :Axtgmcs
icmponl
au Wii: Por
reding ums ax
"imc ram ;: uurk in
5. M M mHmn, Th; Dul/wi;
.
Muuu-rim :d, md
um(Aum u,..mw uf Ines Pm.19ll).p.4 _
1.
n.: (anny! urmuhmim u
annual Cultura" in 77x katbd 'j'th'llrlll
170.371 See also Rober: uma,
..959),
pp 73777.
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