6.

DUST EXPLOSION
PREVENTION AND
PROTECTION

6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1

There are two basic approaches available for handling combustible dust
safely:
(a) Explosion Prevention: Dust explosions can be prevented by ensuring
that the following conditions are met:

Suspensions of sulphur dust in air are avoided; and

All sources of ignition are excluded.

(b) Explosion Protection: If an explosion is initiated, its harmful effects can

be avoided by:

Containment of the shock wave generated in a vessel capable of

withstanding the maximum pressure produced (about 700 kPa for
sulphur) without bursting.

Venting the vessel using a bursting disc or similar device so that

the pressure rise initiated by the explosion is relieved by the opening
of the vent.

Suppression of the explosion by detection of the embryonic

shock wave, followed by the discharge of usually a halon gas which
both inerts and suppresses the explosion. Such a system is capable of
being fully activated within 10-30 milliseconds, whereas a typical
explosion may require 100-200 milliseconds to develop its full force.

Plant separation: this relies on physically isolating the hazardous

process from other plant operations by the use of chokes or by
distance.
6.1.2

In this code of practice, explosion prevention methods are favoured

wherever practical as the primary means of providing a safe working
environment.

6.2 MINIMISATION OF DUST

6.2.1

To prevent dust formation during the storage and handling of sulphur,

enclosures should be constructed with a minimum number of horizontal
surfaces where dust can accumulate.

PREVENTION OF SULPHUR FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS 17