NicoleHernandez

February23,2016
Chemistry
BriannaBalke

EsterSynthesisLab

Purpose

Thepurposeofthislabistolearntheprocessbywhichsweetsmellsaresynthesized.

Introduction
Inchemistrywestartedlookingatdifferentsmellslikeminty,sweet,fishy.Eachsmellis
madewithatypeofalcoholandcarboxylicacidwhichendupmakinganester,andwater.We
startedoffsmellingdifferentsubstancesandsometimeswewereabletorecognizethesmell
withoutanyinformationgiventous,butothertimeswecouldntrecognizethesmellsojustby
lookingatthestructureortheendingoftheirnames,ormolecularformulaweareabletoknow
thesmells.TheThefunctionalgroupsareamine,carboxylicacid,ester,keytones,andalkanes.

Procedure

Wintergreen:
1. Add
6
dropsof
methyl
alcoholtothetesttubethathas
salicylic
acidpremeasured.
2. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
3. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
4. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
5. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
6. Add
15dropsofwater.
7. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Grape:
1. Add
6
dropsof
methyl
alcoholtothetesttubethathas
anthranilic
acidpremeasured.
2. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
3. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
4. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
5. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
6. Add
15dropsofwater.
7. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Pear:

Add
6
dropsof
npropyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
Add
6
dropsof
glacialacetic
acid.
Gentlyagitatethemixture.
Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
Gentlyagitatethemixture.
Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
Add
20
dropsofwater.
Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Banana:
1. Add
6
dropsof
isoamyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
2. Add
6
dropsof
glacial
aceticacid.
3. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
4. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
5. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
6. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
7. Add
20dropsofwater.
8. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Orange:
1. Add
6
dropsof
octyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
2. Add
6
dropsof
glacialacetic
acid.
3. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
4. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
5. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
6. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
7. Add
20
dropsofwater.
8. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Pineapple:
1. Add
6 dropsof
nbutyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
2. Add
6
dropsof
butyric
acid.
3. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
4. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
5. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
6. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
7. Add
20dropsofwater.
8. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Strawberry:
1. Thisreactionmusttakeplaceinafumehoodbecauseitusesasmellycompoundcalled
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

butyricacid

Add
6
dropsof
ethyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
Add
6
dropsof
butyric
acid.
Gentlyagitatethemixture.
Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
Gentlyagitatethemixture.
Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
Add
20
dropsofwater.
Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Apple:
1. Thisreactionmusttakeplaceinafumehoodbecauseitusesasmellycompoundcalled
butyricacid.
2. Add
6
dropsof
methyl
alcoholtoacleantesttube.
3. Add
6
dropsof
butyric
acid.
4. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
5. Add1dropofconcentratedsulfuricacid(H
SO
).
2
4
6. Gentlyagitatethemixture.
7. Placethetesttubeinabeakerofhotwaterfor3minutes.
8. Add
20
dropsofwater.
9. Carefullysmellthemixture,andrecordthesmell.

Results

REACTANTS
PRODUCT
FLAVOR
CarboxylicAcid Alcohol
Ester
Intended
Observed
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

SalicyclicAcid

MethylAlcohol MethylSalicylate

Wintergreen

Grape

Pear

AnalysisofResults

TheevidenceIhavethatanesterwasproducedineachofmyreactionsisthethateachesterhastohave
analcoholandacarboxylicacidinorderforanestertoform.Ineachofmyreactantsthereisanalcoholand
carboxylicacidandwhentheybothareheatedanesterisformed,alsoanotherpieceofevidenceiswhenthe
esterisformedthewayitwillsmellwilltellyouifitsmellsgoodthenitsformedandifdoesntsmellgoodthen
itsnotformed.Thesulfuricacidsworksasacatalystanditisnotlistedwiththeotherreactantsbecauseit
doesntchange,thesulfuricacidisntareactant.IfIwantedtosynthesizeamoleculethathadthesweetsmellof
cinnamonIwouldmixethylalcoholandanthranilicacid.Thereactionthatwouldtakeplaceistheboth
hydrogen'sfromthealcoholandtheacidandtheoxygenfromtheacid.

EthylCinnamate

Conclusion
Whenanestersynthesisreactiontakesplaceatamolecularlevelwhathappensisthatwhentheoxygen
andthetwohydrogen'sfromtheacidandcarboxylicacidconnectbothreactantscreateanesterwhichisa
molecule.

Appendix:SkeletalStructuresforAlcoholsandCarboxylicAcidsUsedinthisLab

Alcohol

CarboxylicAcid

Methyl

SalicylicAcid

nPropyl

AnthranilicAcid

Isoamyl

Octyl

nButyl

AceticAcid

Ethyl

ButyricAcid

5
ExceedsStandard

4
MeetsStandard

3
ApproachesStandard

1
BelowStandard

Introduction

Yourintroduction
intelligentlyand
thoroughlydiscusses
relevantbackground
information.

Yourintroduction
discussesrelevant
background
information,butmay
lacksomedetail.

Yourintroduction
outlinessomeof
relevantbackground
information,butis
lackingindetailand/or
containserrorsor
misunderstandings
aboutthelaborthe
content.

Yourintroductionlacks
significantdetail,
and/orcontains
substantialerrorsor
misunderstandings.

Procedure

Theprocedurehasbeen
correctlyfilledin.

Theprocedurehasbeen
filledin,andcontains
oneortwoerrors.

Theprocedurehasbeen
filledinandhasthree
orfourerrors.

Theprocedurehasbeen
filledin,butcontains
morethanfourerrors.

TableandReactions
(x2)

Allofyourchemical
reactionsarewritten
outcorrectly,including
catalysts.

Allofyourchemical
reactionsarewritten
outcorrectly.There
maybeoneerror.

Yourchemical
reactionsarewritten
out,butthereareafew
errors.

Yourchemical
reactionsare
substantially
incompleteorincorrect.

Scienceconcepts
(x2)

Yourdiscussion
questionsand
conclusionindicatethat
youhavemasteredthe
conceptsrelevanttothe
lab.

Yourdiscussion
questionsand
conclusionindicatethat
youhaveunderstood
mostoftheconcepts
relevanttothelab.

Yourdiscussion
questionsand
conclusionindicatethat
youunderstoodsome
theconceptsrelevantto
thelab.

Yourdiscussion
questionsand
conclusiondonotyet
showthatyou
understandtheconcepts
relevanttothelab.

Writing

Labisexceptionally
wellwritten.Thereare
almostnospellingand
grammarerrors,andthe
languageusedis
appropriate.

Labiswellwritten.
Thereareafewspelling
andgrammarerrors,but
theydonotdistractthe
reader.

Thereareanumberof
Thespellingand
spellingandgrammar
grammarerrorsarea
errorsthatyoushould
significantdistraction.
becapableofcorrecting
onyourown.

Total:

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