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-> greek word

(natural)

-> study of nature

MECHANICS

-> anything physically measurable (ex. height, mass, distance)

-> uses a standard called a
(SI system) > meters, kilograms, seconds
-> standard system of units
> inches, pounds, yard
4

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> meter (m)

> second (s)

> kilogram (kg)

VECTORS

> Coulomb (C)

-> magnitude (ex. height,

mass, age)
> magnitude & direction
(ex. position, velocity,
force)
(position)

(velocity)

A
-> magnitude of the vector

METHOD
METHOD

Head to Tail

( A , A)

Tail to Tail (Parallelogram

method)

> direction of the vector

-> same directions

Ex.1. Find A B

> same magnitude but opposite direction

A
B

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Solutions:

Ex.2. Find C D

B
Solutions:

C D

C D

A B

10

A B

-> hat vectors (length of 1 unit)

i - along the x - axis

3m

j - along the y - axis

k - along the z - axis

2m

2 m j

C 2m i

1m j

1m

3m

1m i

Ax

A A

2m

A Ax i A

1m

j
11

A
A

x
y

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> only add the same components

-> the result is a vector

-> vector addition is commutative (

A B B A)

if A 3i 2 j

A 4i

Ex1. F i n d C A B

and

x
-1

B i 4 j

Solution:

B 2i 4
j

-3

-2

C A B

(3i 2 j ) (i 4 j)

C 3(i ) 3i

C 4i 2 j

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D 3(i )

4 ( j)

Find D 3 A 2 B

Ex2.

3i 4 j

14

13

3A

if A 3i 2 j and B i 4 j

2
B

Solution:

D 3A 2B

9i 6 j 2i 8 j
3 3i 2 j 2 i 4 j

-2

A xi

Ax
cos

9i 6 j 2i 8 j

D 7i 1 4 j

-6
-4

A x A c os
15

s in

Ay

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Ex1. Find C A B if

A 2 m , A 30 , B 1m, B 6 0

Solution:

A Ax i A

Ax
cos

B B x i B y ( j) B x i B

A
sin

A c os

A Asin

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A cosA

B x B cosB

A sinA

B sin
y

Ex1. Find C A B if

A 2 m , A 30 , B 1m, B 6 0
Solution:

( 2 m ) cos(30)

Ex2.
Find
( 1 m)
s i n ( the
6 0 ) magnitude & direction of

A x 1.73m

1m

B x 0. 5m

B
y

18C

magnitude
B

B 0 . 5 m i 0 . 8 7 m j

C A B

(1m) cos(60 )

0Solution:
.87m

A 1 . 7 3 m i 1 m j

(2m)sin(30)

C 2 . 2 3 m i 0 . 1 3 m j

( 1. 73m i 1 m j) ( 0 . 5 m i 0 . 8 7 m j)

C 2 . 2 3 m i 0 . 1 3 m j
Ex2. Find the magnitude & direction of

( 2 . 2 3 m) 2 ( 0 . 1 3 m) 2

C 2.23m

direction

C
19

0.13m

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PRODUCT (

1 . A 3i 2 j 2k ; B i 4 j k ; C 2i 4 j

PRODUCT (

3k

Fi nd :
3C

b. 3 B 2 C

a. A B C

c. 2 A B

-> scalar product (result is a

A B AB cos

30 , 6 0

A
C

2. A 3m, B 2m, C 1 m

Find the magnitude & d i r e c t i o n o f :

a. D A B
b. E A B C
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Note: Dot product is commutative (

ABBA

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Ex1. A 3i 2 j 4k and B 2i j 3k

i i j j k k
1 the rest are zero

A B (A i A j A k)

Find :

a. A B

b. (angle between A and B)

(3 2) (21) (4(3))

A B (i i) A B ( j j) A B (k
k)

b. A B AB cos

a. A B A x B x A y B y A z B z

Solution:

(B i B j B k)

AB4

AB

cos

AB

cos1 A B

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Ex1. A 3i 2 j 4k and B 2i j 3k

Find :

a. A B

b. (angle between A and B)

Solution:

cos1 0.198

b. A 32 2 2 4 2 5.39

101,101

B 2 2 1 2 (3)2 3.74
4

cos1

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5.39 3.74

25

-> vector product (result is a

-> obeys

-> non-commutative ( A B B A )

ABC

A B (A i A j A k) (B i B j B k)

A B AB sin

A B Ax
Bx

A y Az
By

Bz

A B i(A B A B ) j(A B A B ) k(A B A B

y

i i j j k k 0

i j k j k i k i
j

28

27

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Ex1.

A 3i 2 j 4k and B 2i j 3k

Find :
a. A B b. (angle between A and B)

A 3i 2 j 4k and B 2i j 3k

Find :
a. A B b. (angle between A and B)

Ex1.

Solution:

Solution:

a. A B 3

A 5.39

i(6 4) j(9 8) k(3 4)

A B 10i 17 j k

AB

AB

2 1 3

sin1

b. A B AB sin

19.75
sin

B 3.74

5.39 3.74

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sin1

0.98

A B (10)2 17 2 (1)2 19.75

79, 101

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A 2m i 4m j 1m k and B 2m i 3m j 3m k
Find :

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a. A B

b. A B

c. A B

(angle between A and B)

e.(A B) (A B)

f. (B A) (A B)

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