Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
DJWolfson,ShendoYafuso,Mr.Ruppel
HighTechHighNorthCounty,SanMarcos,CA92078
Abstract:
Introduction
Chemicalreactionratesarethemainfocusoftheexperimentdoneinthelabexperiment.
Chemicalreactionsarewhathappenswhentwomoleculesoratomscollideintotogetherto
causingareaction.Areactionbetweentwomoleculesoccurwhennewchemicalbondsare
formed.Thefirstruleforchemicalreactionisthatthetwomoleculesmustcollideintheright
orientationtoconnecttogetherandreact.Ifthetwomoleculesdontcollidetogetherproperly,
thetwomoleculesbounceawayanddontreact.Thesecondruleisthetwomoleculesmust
collidewithenoughenergytoovercometheenergybarrier.Thereactantshaveahighamountof
energyingeneral,butneedtoincreasetheamountofenergytoactivatethereaction.Thisisalso
knownasActivationEnergy( EA )anditrequiresalargeamountofenergyinthereactantsto
becometheproduct.Althoughacatalystcanbeusedtodecreasetheneededenergyforareaction
totakeplace,anddoesntuseanyofthecatalystintheprocess.Itwashypothesisedthatthe
chemicalascorbicacidwoulddecreasetheamountoftimethemixtureofchemicalstakesto
transitionfromcleartoyellowasthequantityofascorbicacidsincreases.
Thisexperimentsrequiresthesematerials:
Distilledwater
Water
100mLbeakerlabeledA
100mLbeakerlabeledB
250mLbeaker
25mLgraduatedcylinder
Ascorbicacidstocksolution
Povidoneiodinesolution
hydrogenperoxide(3%)solution
Starchsolution
Experimental:
Thefirstexperimentwaswiththebaseamountofeverychemicalneeded.This
experimentwasdonebeforeaspecificchemicalwasdecidedupontobeadjusted.Sincetwo
chemicalsreactwhenputtogether,beakerAheldascorbicacidandiodinesolution,beakerB
healdhydrogenperoxideandstarchsolution.ThefirstExperimenthadtendropsofascorbic
acid,25dropsofiodinesolution,60dropsofhydrogenperoxide,and10dropsofstarchsolution.
Distilledwaterisalsobeingusedintheexperiment,andwillalwaysbeusedataconstantof
5mLandwillneverbechanged.OncebeakerAandBwereaddedtothemixingbeaker,the
timethemixturetooktotransitionfromcleartoyellowwasobserved,timed,andrecorded.
Thesecondexperimenttakesplaceaftertheascorbicacidwaschosenasthechemical
thatwouldbeadjustedtofindoutwhatthechemicaldoestothetimeandtransitionthattakes
place.Sincethisexperimentonlyhasonechemicalchangeinquantity,theotherchemicalswill
beconsideredaconstantoftheamountofdropshownabove.Thenewquantityofascorbicacid
is15dropsinsteadof10withtoseewhetheradding5moredropswillincreaseordecreasethe
amountoftimetakenforthetransitiontooccur.Thenewamountofascorbicacid,andtheiodine
solutionwereaddedtobeakerA,andtheiodinesolutionandhydrogenperoxidewereaddedto
beakerB.beakerAandBwereaddedtothemixturebeakerandthedatawasrecordedand
timed.
Thethird,fourthfifth,andsixthexperimentwerefailuresduetomiscountingtheamount
ofiodineinbeakerAcausingareactiontotakeplaceinbeakerAbeforebeingpouredintothe
mixturebeaker.Datawasrecordedforthethirdexperiment,althoughtheotherexperiment
werentrecordedsincetheexperimentinvolvedtwodifferentchemicalshavingunknown
amountsofdropsinvolved.Fortheseventhexperiment,had8dropsofascorbicacidaddedinto
beakerAaswellastheoriginalamountsoftheotherchemicals.BeakerAandBwerepoured
intothemixturecup,andthedatawastimedandrecorded.
ResultsandDiscussion:
Experiment
Number
Ascorbic
Acid
Iodine
Solution
Hydrogen
Peroxide
Starch
Solution
Transition
Time
Yellow
(Min:Sec)
Transition
TIme
Red
(Min:Sec)
#1
10
25
60
10
1:40
3:00
#2
15
25
60
10
1:35
2:50
#3(Failure)
25
60
10
0:10
N/A
#4(Failure)
~30
~25
60
10
N/A
N/A
#5(Failure)
~30
~25
60
10
N/A
N/A
#6(Failure)
~30
~25
60
10
N/A
N/A
#7(Failure)
25
60
10
1:30
N/A
Aboveisthedatacollectedforallsevenexperiments.Experiments46werefailures
sinceBeakerAhadamiscountedamountofdropsofeitherascorbicacidoriodinesolution.
Experiment#3and#7wouldbeconsideredusable,butdatawasonlyrecordedforthetimethe
chemicalstooktotransitionfromcleartoyellowtheexperimentrequiresbothcleartoyellow
transitiontimes,andcleartoredtransitiontimes..Intotal,twoofthesevenexperimentswere
fullyrecorded,andcanbeobservedproperlysinceonlyonevariablewasadjustedallowing
properobservationaboutwhatexactlythatvariablechangesinthereaction.Hereisagraphof
thetwousabledatapieces:
Abovearethetwodatasetsthatareusableforthisreportthefirstredandbluecolumns
representexperiment#1andthetwocolumnstotherightareexperiment2.Whatcanbe
gatheredfromthetwocolumnsofdataisthatanincreaseintheamountofascorbicacidwill
decreasethetimeittakeforthecolortransitiontooccur.
Conclusions:
Notenoughdatawasuseablefromthelab,andtwopiecesofdataisntenoughtomakea
conclusion.Thisisespeciallytruesinceexperiment3,whichwasdeemedunusableshoweda
veryquicktransitionfromcleartoyellowwhichwouldcontradictwhatisshownonthegraph.It
couldbeconcludedthatanincreaseintheamountofascorbicacidwoulddecreasehowlongit
takesforthemixturetotransitionfromcleartoyellow,butthereisntenoughrawdatatoback
thisclaimup.
References:
LectureNotes