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1.
(a)
Show that any non-real n-th root of unity satisfies the equation
1 + z + z2 + . . . + zn1 = 0
(2)
(b)
Let z1 denote the non-real n-th root of unity which has the smallest positive argument.
(i)
(ii)
By substituting z = z1 in the equation in part (a), find the sum of each of the series.
and
cos
2
4
2(n 1)
cos
... cos
n
n
n
sin
2
4
2(n 1)
sin
... sin
.
n
n
n
(5)
(Total 10 marks)
2.
(a)
(i)
Show that w e
2 i
5
(ii)
Show that the other fifth roots of unity are 1, w2, w3 and w4.
(3)
(b)
2 i
5
Show that
p + q = 1
and
pq = 1.
(6)
(ii)
Write down a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, whose roots are p and
q.
(1)
7on7.in
Complex number
(iii)
2
4
and cos
, respectively.
5
5
(4)
(iv)
2
4
and cos
in surd form.
5
5
(2)
(Total 17 marks)
3.
(a)
Convert 2 + 23i to modulus-argument form. Hence find both square roots of 2 + 23i
Give the answers in Cartesian form.
(4)
(b)
4.
(a)
Show that
3
1 i tan
= cos p + i sin p,
1 i tan
7on7.in
Complex number
(b)
1
1
1 i tan
2
2
1 i tan
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
5.
(a)
Express the complex number 2 + 2i in the form rei, where r> 0 and < .
(2)
(b)
is 2e 12 , and find the other two roots giving your answer in the form rei, where r is a
surd and .
(5)
(c)
Indicate on an Argand diagram points A, B and C corresponding to the three roots found
in part (b).
(1)
(d)
Find the area of the triangle ABC, giving your answer in surd form.
(3)
(e)
The point P lies on the circle through A, B and C. Denoting by w, , and the complex
numbers represented by P, A, B and C, respectively, show that
(w )2 +(w )2 + (w )2= 6
(6)
(Total 17 marks)
7on7.in
Complex number
6.
(a)
(i)
i
i
(ii)
cot ,
2
2
2
e 1
i
(3)
(b)
Derive expressions, in the form e i where , for the four non-real roots of the
equation z6 = 1.
(4)
(c)
The equation
6
w 1
1
w
(ii)
(iii)
1
1
1
1
,
,
,
,
z1 1 z 2 1 z 3 1 z 4 1
where z1, z2, z3 and z4 are the non-real roots of the equation z6 = 1
(3)
(iv)
Deduce that the points in an Argand diagram which represent the roots of equation
(*) lie on a straight line.
(3)
(Total 17 marks)
7on7.in
Complex number
7.
(a)
(i)
1
= 2 cos n
zn
(3)
(ii)
1
.
zn
(1)
(b)
(i)
Show that
3
1
1
6 1
2 1
z z A z 6 B z 2
z
z
z
z
(ii)
1
(3sin2 sin6).
32
(4)
(c)
By using the identity in part (b)(ii), show that the general term in the expansion of
cos 3 sin 3 in ascending powers of is
1r
3
2 r 1,
(22r 62r)
2r 1!
16
r = 0, 1, 2, ...
(3)
(Total 15 marks)
7on7.in
Complex number
8.
In this question, give all answers in exact form with the arguments in radians.
(a)
1+
3j ,
(ii)
(1 + 3j)2,
(iii)
1
1 3j
(6)
(b)
9.
(a)
1 3i
in the form re1, where r is real and < .
(2)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Find the other three roots of the above equation giving your answers in the form
re1, where r is real and < .
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
10.
(a)
(b)
7on7.in
Complex number
(c)
(i)
cos
3
7
9 5
cos cos cos
10
10
10
10 16
(3)
(ii)
cos
3
cos .
10
10
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
11.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Hence
(i)
(ii)
7on7.in
Complex number
12.
(a)
1
= 2 cos n .
zn
(3)
(b)
(i)
1 4
) in terms of z.
z
(2)
(ii)
(c)
13.
(a)
Express
(b)
3 i.
(2)
(c)
7on7.in
Complex number
14.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Deduce that
(cot + i)4 + (cot i)4 =
2 cos 4
,
sin 4
r.
(1)
(b)
1
is a root of
8
(z + i)4 + (z 1)4 = 0
and find the three other roots of this equation giving each answer in the form
(c)
(d)
.
8
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
7on7.in
Complex number
15.
It is given that
1
(1 + i).
2
w=
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(i)
Show that
(1 w)(1 w*) = 2 + 2 ,
where w* is the complex conjugate of w.
(3)
11
(ii)
is S.
r 0
Show that
S=
2
1 w
16.
(Total 6 marks)
7on7.in
10
Complex number
1
17.
(a)
(i)
Verify that z = 2e 4
(ii)
Find the other three roots of this equation, giving each root in the form rei, where
r is real and .
(3)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
Show that
z 2e z 2e z
1
i
4
14 i
2 2 z 4 .
(3)
(ii)
18.
(a)
2 1
2 1
z 2 A z 2
z
z
6 1
B z 6
z
(3)
(b)
(i)
1
= 2i sin n,
zn
where
z = cos + i sin,
to show that
sin3 2 =
3
1
sin 2 sin 6.
4
4
(4)
7on7.in
11
Complex number
(ii)
sin 3 2 d =
1
.
3
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
19.
(a)
(b)
Show that
(1 + i)21 (1 i)21 = ki,
where k is an integer to be found.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)
20.
(a)
(b)
3 + i,
giving each answer in the form rei, where r > 0 and < .
(5)
(Total 9 marks)
21.
(a)
Use de Moivres Theorem to express cos 3 in the form A cos3 + B cos , for constants
A and B to be determined.
(3)
7on7.in
12
Complex number
(b)
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = f(x), where f(x) = x3 3x2 + 3.
The curve crosses the x-axis at the points with coordinates (p, 0), (q, 0) and (r, 0), where
p < q < r, as shown.
(i)
Use the substitution x = 2 cos + 1 to show that the equation f(x) = 0 reduces to
1
the equation cos3 =
2
(3)
(ii)
1
.
2
(3)
(iii)
22.
(a)
The complex number 21.6 + 16.2i can be expressed in polar form [r, ], where r > 0 and
< . Determine the exact value of r and give in radians to four decimal places.
(2)
7on7.in
13
Complex number
(b)
(ii)
23.
(a)
(i)
Given the complex number z = 1 + 2i, write down z in the form rei, where r > 0
and < .
(2)
(ii)
Hence determine the modulus of z in an exact surd form, and the argument of z5 in
an exact trigonometric form in the interval between and .
(3)
(b)
24.
A complex number, z, is said to be in polar form when it is written as [r, ], where r is the
modulus of z and is the argument of z with < .
(a)
(b)
Hence determine, in polar form, the nine complex roots of the equation
z9 512i = 0.
(3)
(c)
On a sketch of the complex plane draw the nine points which represent these roots.
Explain why these nine points lie at the vertices of a regular nonagon. Find the area of
this plane figure, giving your answer in the form p sin , stating the values of p and .
(5)
(Total 10 marks)
7on7.in
14
Complex number
25.
(a)
Use one of the double-angle formulae for cos 2, with a suitable value of , to show that
sin 2
1
2 2 .
4
(2)
(b)
1
Show that z 2 sin and find the argument of z in as simplified a form as
2
possible.
(5)
(ii)
(iii)
Using the result of part (a), or otherwise, determine the exact value of z8 as a real
number in the form a + b 2 for integers a and b to be determined.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
26.
(a)
Express the complex number z = (2 + i)(5 + i)(8 + i) in the form a + bi, where a and b are
real numbers.
(3)
(b)
27.
(a)
1 n
z zn ,
2
7on7.in
15
Complex number
(b)
(c)
cos
sin 4 d.
(3)
(Total 11 marks)
28.
(a)
(b)
(c)
sin
5 5
,
8
2
.
5
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
7on7.in
16
Complex number
29.
(a)
(b)
Find the modulus and argument of the complex number 2 + 23 i, giving the argument
in terms of .
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
30.
(a)
(b)
31.
(a)
2
A complex number has polar form 4, , Find its real part.
3
(2)
(b)
(i)
1 3i
is 1 .
2i
(3)
(ii)
1 3i
, giving the
2i
(3)
(Total 8 marks)
7on7.in
17
Complex number
32.
(a)
(b)
By considering the expansion of z , find the values of the constants p, q and r for
z
5
which 32 cos cos5 + q cos 3 + r cos
(5)
(Total 8 marks)
33.
(b)
Hence:
(i)
(ii)
34.
(a)
(b)
7on7.in
18
Complex number
(c)
(4 cos4 3 cos2 ) d
(6)
(Total 16 marks)
35.
(a)
(b)
Determine the three complex roots of the equation z3 = 8i , giving each answer in the
form rei, where r > 0 and < .
(4)
(c)
On a diagram of the complex plane (the Argand diagram), mark the three points which
represent these roots.
(2)
(d)
Find the exact value of each of these roots in the form a + ib.
(3)
(Total 11 marks)
7on7.in
19
Complex number
36.
Express in the form rei, where r > 0 and is to be given to four decimal places in
radians between and .
(2)
(b)
The complex number z1 is the complex number with least positive argument such that
z18 = . Determine z1 in an exact form, and find arg(z1) to four decimal places.
(2)
(c)
On a diagram of the complex plane, mark the position of z1, and describe the positions of
the remaining seven complex roots of the equation z8 = .
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
37.
(a)
Use mathematical induction to prove that (cos + i sin )n = cos n + i sin n for all
positive integers n.
(4)
(b)
(i)
Express ( 3 + i)n in the form 2n(cos n + i sin n), giving the value of in terms
of .
(3)
(ii)
Hence find the least positive integer value of n for which ( 3 + i)n is a positive
real number.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
38.
(a)
(b)
7on7.in
20
Complex number
39.
(a)
(i)
Show that
1
= cos i sin .
cos i sin
(1)
(ii)
12
(4)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
12
m
(5)
(Total 11 marks)
40.
1 i
1 i
and
z2 =
1
3
i
2
2
Show that z1 = i.
(2)
(b)
Show that | z1 | = | z2 |.
(2)
(c)
Express both z1 and z2 in the form rei , where r > 0 and < .
(3)
(d)
Draw an Argand diagram to show the points representing z1, z2 and z1 + z2.
(2)
7on7.in
21
Complex number
(e)
5
=2+
12
3
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
41.
It is given that z = ei .
(a)
(i)
Show that
z+
1
= 2 cos
z
(2)
(ii)
1
z2
(2)
(iii)
1
1
+ 2 = 4 cos2 2 cos
z
z
(3)
(b)
7on7.in
22
Complex number
42.
(a)
Find the six roots of the equation z6 = 1, giving your answers in the form ei,
where < .
(3)
(b)
2
Show that w 1 = 2i sin .
w
(2)
(ii)
Show that
w i .
2 sin
w2 1
(2)
(iii)
Show that
2i cot i.
w2 1
(3)
(iv)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
43.
(a)
Find the three roots of z3 = 1, giving the non-real roots in the form ei, where < .
(2)
(b)
7on7.in
23
Complex number
(c)
1
;
1
(2)
(ii)
2
;
2 1
(1)
k
(iii)
2
k
2
2
1 (1) 2 cos 3 k, where k is an integer.
(5)
(Total 12 marks)
44.
Use De Moivres Theorem to find the smallest positive angle for which
(cos + i sin )15 = i
(Total 5 marks)
45.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
Express z6 4z3 + 8 as the product of three quadratic factors with real coefficients.
(3)
(Total 13 marks)
7on7.in
24