Bcpp6e TB Ch06

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate
157
Chapter 6Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread,

Evaluate
DIFFICULTY (DIF)
5 = Most difficult
3 = Average difficulty
1 = Least difficult
TYPE
Ap: Application question
Con: Conceptual question
Def: Definition
OTHER CODES
ANS: Answer
REF: Page Reference
OBJ: Chapter Objective
NOT: Note (feedback/explanations)
AAC: AACSB Competencies
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process begins with doing which of the following?
a. Proofreading your document
b. Deciding how to organize the message
c. Analyzing your audience
d. Revising the message to improve content and sentence structure
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
TOP: Writing Process Phase 3: Revise
NOT A-D:
The first step of Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process is revising the message to improve content
and sentence structure.
AAC: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion
2.
Which of the following statements about Phase 3 of the writing process is least accurate?
a. A significant amount of a writers time should be spent in this phase.
b. Only amateurs expect perfection on the first try of writing a message.
c. Some writers revise after writing a document, and some revise as they go.
d. The first version of a document is usually satisfactory for most business messages.
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT:
a. Although the composition process differs for individuals and situations, the
final phase of the writing process should occupy a significant share of the
total time a writer spends on a message.
b. Rarely is the first or even second version of a message satisfactory. Only
amateurs expect writing perfection on the first try.
c. Some writers prefer to revise as they goparticularly for shorter business
documents.
d. Rarely is the first or even second version of a message satisfactory.
3.
Jung was promoted to a position that will require extensive writing. What is the best advice you
can give him?
a. Spend the most time analyzing the purpose and audience.
b. Revision is necessary only for longer, more important documents.
c. If you try hard enough, you can write a perfect first draft.
d. When you finish a first draft, put the document aside and return to it after a break for
158
UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process
revision.
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. Most experts recommend spending the most time on Phase 3 of the writing process.
b. The technique of revision can often mean the difference between the
acceptance or rejection of ideas in any business document.
c. Rarely is the first or even second draft of a message satisfactory. Only
amateurs expect
writing perfection on the first try.
d. When you finish a first draft, plan for a cooling-off period before revising it.
AAC: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Analysis
4.
Angela is writing a marketing report to submit to her supervisor. She should spend the most time
in the ______________ phase to make sure that her document is clear and correct.
a. prewriting
b. writing
c. revising
d. Angela will spend an equal amount of time in all three phases.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. The prewriting phase involves analyzing, anticipating, and adapting.
b. The writing phases includes researching, organizing, and composing.
c. Angela will most likely spend the most time making sure her message is clear during the
third phase of the writing process, which focuses on revising, proofreading, and evaluating
the message.
d. Angela will most likely spend the most time making sure her message is clear during the
third phase of the writing process, which focuses on revising, proofreading, and evaluating
the message.
5.
The final phase of the writing process focuses on

a. revising.
b. proofreading.
c. evaluating.
d. all of these.
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
The final phase of the 3-x-3 writing process focuses on revising, proofreading, and evaluating.
6.
One of the first steps of the revision process is to test the __________ to make sure that your
message will be immediately understood by the reader.
a. clarity
b. conciseness
c. vigor
d. punctuation
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ANS: A
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
One of the first revision tasks is assessing the clarity of your message. A
clear message is one that is immediately understood.
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Audience
7.
William has just written an e-mail message to his supervisor. Before sending it, he wants to make
sure that his supervisor will immediately understand the message. What is William checking for?
a. Conciseness
b. Format
c. Clarity
d. Vigor
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
William is checking for clarity; a clear message is one that is immediately
understood.
8.
What should you do to make a business message clear?

a. Keep your message simple and conversational.
b. Use plain language.
c. Resist the urge to show off or be fancy.
d. All of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
You should do all of these to make your message clear: keep your message simple and
conversational, use plain language, and resist the urge to show off or be fancy.
9.
Which of the following is a goal of business writing?

a. To impress your reader
b. To keep your writing concise and simple
c. To maintain a formal tone by avoiding first-person pronouns and contractions
d. All of the above are goals of business writing.
ANS: B
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT:
a. A goal of business writing is to express, not to impress.
b. A goal of business writing is to keep it concise and simple.
c. Business writing should not sound too formal; first-person pronouns and contractions are
acceptable.
d. A goal of business writing is to keep it short and simple.
160
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

10. To sound conversational, you should avoid which of the following in your business messages?
a. Legal terminology
b. Technical words
c. Third-person constructions
d. All of the above
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
You should avoid all of these (legal terminology, technical words, and thirdperson constructions) in order to make your business messages
conversational.
11. Which of the following sentences best demonstrates clarity?
a. Employees should be notified without delay of next weeks gathering.
b. It is imperative that all employees be notified of next weeks assembly.
c. It is the duty of all supervisors to inform their subordinates of next weeks congregation.
d. Please let your employees know about next Fridays meeting.
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Please let your employees know about next Fridays meeting best demonstrates clarity. One
way to achieve clear writing is to use active-voice sentences that avoid foggy, indirect, and
pompous language.
12. Which of the following sentences sounds most conversational?
a. The undersigned is sincerely grateful for the kind assistance you provided last week.
b. Thanks for your help last week.
c. It is my sincere hope that it was not too much of an inconvenience for you to sacrifice your
valuable time to assist a colleague last week.
d. My sincere gratitude is offered to you in exchange for the support you offered to me last
week.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Thanks for your help last week best demonstrates conversational language. Business messages
should sound warm and friendlynot stuffy and formal.
13. Which of the following sentences uses first-person construction?
a. We received your application for the marketing position.
b. You will receive a call soon to schedule an interview.
c. The undersigned is in receipt of your application.
d. You will be pleased to learn that your application was received.
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ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. We received is an example of a first-person construction. I and we are first-person
pronouns.
b. You will receive is an example of a second-person construction.
c. The undersigned is in receipt is an example of a third-person construction.
d. You will be pleased is an example of a second-person construction.
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Standard English
14. Which of the following is the best example of business writing?
a. It would be advantageous for you to enlighten your employees regarding
the companys new
e-mail guidelines.
b. Please tell your employees about the companys new e-mail guidelines.
c. You are hereby advised to inform your employees about the new e-mail guidelines that have
been adopted by the company.
d. The individual referenced above must inform his or her subordinates in regard to the
companys new e-mail policy.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 150-151
OBJ: 6-1
TYPE:
Ap
NOT:
a. This sentence is wordy and does not sound conversational.
b. This sentence represents the best business writing because it is clear and conversational.
c. This sentence is wordy and does not sound conversational.
d. This sentence is wordy and does not sound conversational.
15. Suzanne is sending a letter to a client. Before sending it, she wants to make sure that she has
made her point in the fewest possible words. What is Suzanne checking for?
a. Conciseness
b. Format
c. Clarity
d. Vigor
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
TOP: Revising for Conciseness
NOT A-D:
Suzanne is checking for conciseness; a concise message makes its point in
the fewest possible words.
16. To make your business messages concise, you should avoid which of the following?
a. Fillers and compound prepositions
b. Active-voice verbs
c. Simple sentences
d. All of the above
162
ANS: A
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
You should avoid fillers and compound prepositions in order to make your
business messages concise.
17. The sentence There are three topics that we will discuss at todays meeting could be made more
concise by eliminating a(n)
a. redundancy.
b. compound expression.
c. opening filler.
d. trite business expression.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence could be made more concise by eliminating the opening filler. Correction: We
will discuss three topics at todays meeting.
18. The sentence We will cover the basic fundamentals of HTML coding during the first session
could be improved by eliminating a(n)
a. redundancy.
b. compound expression.
c. opening filler.
d. trite business expression.
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence could be made more effective by deleting basic from the redundant expression
basic fundamentals.
19. The sentence I am writing this e-mail message to let you know that a new version of our software
is available for download
a. contains a redundancy.
b. contains a long lead-in.
c. contains a trite business expression.
d. is an example of good business writing.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence contains a long lead-in: I am writing this e-mail message to let you know that.
Correction: A new version of our software is available for download.
163
20. Each and every, midway between, and personal opinion are all examples of
a. redundancies.
b. compound prepositions.
c. long lead-ins.
d. opening fillers.
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Each and every, midway between, and personal opinion are examples of redundancies.
One word repeats the meaning of another.
21. For the amount of, until such time as, and due to the fact that are examples of
a. redundancies.
c. long lead-ins.
d. trite business expressions.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
For the amount of, until such time as, and due to the fact that are examples of wordy
compound prepositions that should be avoided in business writing.
22. The sentence We are not able to consider your application at this point in time could be made
more effective by eliminating a(n)
a. opening filler.
b. redundancy.
c. long lead-in.
d. compound preposition.
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence could be made more concise by replacing the compound preposition at this point
in time with now.
23. Which of the following is an advantage of writing concisely?
a. Concise messages are easier to comprehend than wordy messages.
b. Concise messages are more persuasive.
c. Concise messages are less emphatic than wordy messages.
d. All of the above are advantages of writing concisely.
ANS: A
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Con
NOT:
a. Concise messages are easier to comprehend and are more emphatic than wordy messages.
164
b. Concise messages are not necessarily more persuasive than longer messages.
c. Concise messages are more emphatic than wordy messages.
d. Concise messages are easier to comprehend and are more emphatic than wordy messages.
24. Which of the following sentences is free of opening fillers, redundancies, or compound
prepositions?
a. There are several reasons that our company should go public.
b. Our company should go public for several reasons.
c. Due to the fact that we need to raise money, our company should go public.
d. It is perfectly clear that our company should go public.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151-152
OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
NOT:
a. This sentence contains an opening filler (There are).
b. This sentence is free of opening fillers, redundancies, and compound prepositions.
c. The sentence contains a compound preposition (Due to the fact that).
d. This sentence contains a redundancy (perfectly clear).
25. Which of the following sentences does not contain a long lead-in?
a. I am writing this letter to inform you that our return procedure has changed.
b. Please be advised that our meeting location has changed.
c. Please share your concerns with your supervisor.
d. You might be interested to learn that an updated model is available.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. This sentence contains a long lead-in (I am writing this letter to inform you that).
b. This sentence contains a long lead-in (Please be advised that).
c. The sentence does not contain a long lead-in.
d. This sentence contains a long lead-in (You might be interested to learn that).
26. Which of the following phrases is free of redundancies?
a. Essential items
b. End result
c. Mutual cooperation
d. Assemble together
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
NOT:
a. Essential items is not redundant.
b. End result is redundant because the meaning is repeated.
c. Mutual cooperation is redundant because the meaning is repeated.
d. Assemble together is redundant because the meaning is repeated.
Ap
Ap
165

27. Which of the following represents the best business writing?
a. This e-mail message is to inform you that the CEO will be visiting our branch tomorrow.
b. The CEO will be visiting our branch tomorrow.
c. You should be aware that the CEO will be visiting our branch tomorrow.
d. We will let you know soon as to whether or not the CEO will be visiting our branch
tomorrow.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151-152
OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
Ap
NOT:
a. This e-mail message is to inform you that is an long lead-in.
b. This sentence represents the best business writing because it does not contain a long lead-in,
empty words, or wordy compound prepositions.
c. You should be aware that are empty words and represent a long lead-in.
d. As to whether or not is a wordy compound preposition and should be avoided.
a. Because the property title is now free and clear, you have our grateful thanks.
b. We are at this point in time unable to fill your complete order.
c. There are three issues that will be made perfectly clear at a later date.
d. Your plane leaves San Jose at 9 a.m., PST, and arrives in Atlanta at 5 p.m., EST.
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151-152
OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
Ap
NOT:
a. The expressions free and clear and grateful thanks are redundant.
b. The expression at this point in time is a wordy compound preposition.
c. The expression There are is an opening filler, perfectly clear is a redundancy, and at a
later date is a wordy compound preposition.
d. Your plane leaves San Jose at 9 a.m., PST, and arrives in Atlanta at 5 p.m., EST is
effective because it does not have empty words, compound prepositions, or redundancies.
29. Anthony has written a proposal to the board of directors. Before presenting it, he wants to make
sure that the proposal is exciting and interesting. What is Anthony checking for?
a. Conciseness
b. Proper punctuation
c. Clarity
d. Vigor
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
TOP: Revising for Vigor and Directness
NOT A-D:
Anthony is checking for vigor; messages that do not have vigor are lifeless,
cautious, and boring.
166
30. Which of the following sentences does not contain a verb that has been converted into a noun?
a. The task force made a recommendation to start a recycling program.
b. Our supervisor made a decision to eliminate overtime.
c. The jury concluded that the defendant was guilty.
d. The accountant will perform an analysis of the quarters financial statements.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. In this sentence the verb recommend is converted into a noun, recommendation.
b. In this sentence the verb decide is converted into a noun, decision.
c. This sentence does not contain a verb that has been converted into a noun and is, therefore,
more effective.
d. In this sentence the verb analyze is converted into a noun, analysis.
31. Made a discovery, reached a conclusion, and held a discussion are all examples of
a. verbs that have been converted to nouns.
c. trite business expressions.
d. redundancies.
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Made a discovery, reached a conclusion, and held a discussion are all examples of. verbs
that have been converted to nouns. The verbs are discovered, concluded, and discussed.
32. Which of the following represents the best writing?
a. Christopher conducted an investigation of the companys financial statements.
b. Laila reported her findings.
c. Please give consideration to my proposal.
d. The general manager made the assumption that Ethan had contacted the customer.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Laila reported her findings uses a verb (reported) to show the action. The other sentences use
noun phrases (conducted an investigation, give consideration to, and made the
assumption).
33. Under separate cover, pursuant to your request, and thank you in advance are all examples of
a. long lead-ins.
b. redundancies.
c. trite business expressions.
d. professional business phrases.
ANS:
DIF:
REF:
p. 154 OBJ:
6-3
TYPE:
Ap
167

NOT A-D:
Under separate cover, pursuant to your request, and thank you in advance are all examples
of trite business expressions and should be avoided.
34. A trite business expression such as as per your request
a. contains unnecessary redundancy.
b. is one that has been worn out through overuse.
c. is unclear because it is too technical.
d. sounds professional and businesslike.
ANS: B
DIF: 1
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Def
NOT A-D:
A trite business expression is one that has been worn out through overuse.
35. Which of the following sentences avoids use of trite expressions?
a. The application will be sent under separate cover.
b. Enclosed please find a coupon to use during your next visit.
c. We have received your loan application.
d. Please do not hesitate to call me if you have questions.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE:
NOT:
a. Under separate cover is a trite expression.
b. Enclosed please find is a trite expression.
c. This sentence does not contain any trite expressions.
d. Please do not hesitate is a trite expression.
Ap

a. Thank you in advance for considering my application for the finance position.
b. Enclosed are three samples of our fabric.
c. Do you know what her phone call was in reference to?
d. Pursuant to your request, we have added you to our mailing list.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Enclosed are three samples of our fabric is the best business writing because it does not
contain a trite expression (Thank you in advance, in reference to, and Pursuant to your
request).
168
37. The sentence Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions could be made more
effective by eliminating a(n)
a. trite expression.
b. compound preposition.
c. redundancy.
d. opening filler.
ANS: A
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence could be made more effective by eliminating the trite expression. Correction:
Please contact us if you have any questions.
38. Which of the following is an example of an effective, businesslike expression?
a. Enclosed herewith please find
b. Thank you in advance
c. Every effort will be made
d. None of the above
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
Enclosed herewith please find, Thank you in advance, and Every effort will be made are
all examples of trite business expressions.
39. Which of the following sentences is most vigorous and direct?
a. The health care industry is dependent on a highly trained staff.
b. In accordance with your wishes, we are sending you our latest catalog.
c. In some parts of the world, business is not conducted over meals.
d. We have made plans to create a reduction in our operating expenses.
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 153-154
OBJ: 6-3
TYPE:
Ap
NOT:
a. Change is dependent on to depends on.
b. Eliminate in accordance with your wishes.
c. In some parts of the world, business is not conducted over meals is free of wordy or trite
phrases.
d. Change have made plans to to plan; also change create a reduction in to reduce.
40. Which of the following is free of wordy or trite phrases?
a. It is my personal opinion that we cannot create a reduction in our inventory unless we lower
prices.
b. You may be assured that every effort will be made to ship your order by October 1.
c. Management has been unable to reach a conclusion regarding contract negotiations with the
union.
169
d. Although Chinese is the language spoken by the largest number of native speakers in the
world, English is considered the language of international business.
ANS: D
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151-154
OBJ: 6-3
TYPE:
Ap
NOT:
a. Correct this sentence as follows: We cannot reduce our inventory unless we lower prices.
b. Correct this sentence as follows: We will try to ship your order by October 1.
c. Correct this sentence as follows: Management has been unable to conclude contract
negotiations with the union.
d. Although Chinese is the language spoken by the largest number of native speakers in the
world, English is considered the language of international business is free of wordy or trite
phrases.
41. To make your business messages more readable, you can do which of the following?
a. Add footnotes
b. Incorporate numbered and bulleted lists
c. Append a bibliography
d. Eliminate white space
ANS: B
DIF: 3
REF: p. 54 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
TOP: Revising for Readability
NOT A-D:
Numbered and bulleted lists will help make your business messages more
readable.
42. From what writing fault does the following sentence suffer? The task force will investigate the
situation, discuss solutions, and a recommendation will be made.
a. Trite business phrase
b. Redundant expressions
c. Nonparallel construction
d. Long lead-in
ANS: C
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Ap
NOT A-D:
This sentence lacks parallelism. It should read as follows: The task force will investigate the
situation, discuss solutions, and make a recommendation.
43. Which of the following sentences is parallel?
a. In my current position, I interact with customers, input orders, and am responsible for
editing the monthly newsletter.
b. Our new CEOs objectives are to improve employee morale, to boost revenues, and to
enhance community relations.
c. Collecting, organizing, and documentationthese are important steps in researching a
problem.
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d. The person we hire for this position should be flexible, reliable, and have good organization
skills.
ANS: B
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Ap
NOT:
a. Use parallelism for the items in this series: interact with customers, input orders, and edit
the monthly newsletter.
b. Our new CEOs objectives are to improve employee morale, to boost revenues, and to
enhance community relations is parallel.
c. Use parallelism for the items in this series: collecting, organizing, and documenting.
d. Use parallelism for the items in this series: flexible, reliable, and organized.
44. Which of the following statements about numbered and bulleted lists is most accurate?
a. Use a bulleted list when the sequence of items is important.
b. In a numbered or bulleted list, capitalize the first word only if the listed item is a complete
sentence.
c. The items in a numbered or bulleted list should be parallel.
d. Add end punctuation to all items in a numbered or bulleted list.
ANS: C
DIF: 3
REF: pp. 154-155
OBJ: 6-4
TYPE:
Con
NOT:
a. Use numbered lists for items that represent a sequence or to for
reference. Use bullets to highlight items that dont necessarily show a
chronology.
b. In listing items vertically, capitalize the word at the beginning of each line.
c. The items in a numbered or bulleted list should be written using parallel
construction.
d. Add end punctuation only if the listed items are complete sentences.
45. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Headings can help a reader separate major ideas from details.
b. Headings are used only in reports.
c. Graphic techniques such as underlining, bold type, and italics should be avoided in
professional business messages.
d. To save room, avoid blank space in a document.
ANS: A
DIF: 3
REF: pp. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT:
a. Headings can help a reader separate major ideas from details.
b. Headings appear most often in reports, but they can also improve readability in e-mail
messages, memos, and letters.
c. Graphic highlighting such as underlining, bold type, and italics helps improve
comprehension in business messages.
d. Blank space is a graphic technique that can enhance comprehension in business messages.
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46. The Gunning Fog Index is an example of
a. a grammar checker.
b. a readability measure.
c. the KISS formula.
d. a weather indicator.
ANS: B
DIF: 1
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE:
NOT A-D:
The Gunning Fog Index is an example of a readability measure.
Def
47. Most readability formulas measure

a. the number of long words.
b. sentence length.
c. the number of trite expressions.
d. the number of long words and sentence length.
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT A-D:
Most readability formulas measure the number of long words and sentence length to determine
the difficulty level of a piece of writing.
48. When proofreading a document,
a. rely on the spell checker to locate all spelling and typographical errors.
b. do so continuously while the document is being written.
c. make sure introductory clauses are followed by commas.
d. do all of the above.
ANS: C
DIF: 3
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Con
TOP: Writing Process Phase 3: Proofread
NOT:
a. When proofreading a document, do not rely on the spell checker to locate all spelling and
typographical errors.
b. Proofread your document once it is in final form; to do so earlier may be a waste of time.
c. When proofreading a document, make sure introductory clauses are followed by commas.
d. When proofreading a document, make sure introductory clauses are followed by commas.
49. When proofreading a document, be concerned with
a. spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
b. format.
c. names and numbers.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D
DIF: 3
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Con
NOT:
When proofreading a document, be concerned with spelling, grammar, punctuation, format,
172
names, and numbers.

50. The best way to evaluate your finished written message is
a. by determining the readability level.
b. by running it through a grammar/style checker program.
c. through feedback.
d. to pay a professional to proofread it for you.
ANS: C
DIF: 3
REF: p. 160 OBJ: 6-6
TYPE: Con
TOP: Writing Process Phase 3: Evaluate
NOT A-D:
The best way to evaluate your finished written message is through feedback from the receiver.
173
TRUE/FALSE
1.
The first step of Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process is proofreading.

ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: Revision is the first step of Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process.
2.
Some experts recommend spending about half the total composition time revising and
proofreading a document.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: According to some experts, the revision and proofreading phase of the writing process
should occupy about half the total composition time.
3.
Most experts who have had a lot of practice can prepare a perfect document on the first try.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: Rarely is the first or even second version of a message satisfactory.
Only amateurs expect writing perfection on the first try.
4.
One of the first revision tasks is assessing the clarity of your message to
ensure that its meaning is immediately understood.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: One of the first revision tasks is assessing the clarity of your message.
A clear message is one that is immediately understood.
5.
The primary goal of business writing is to impress your reader.

ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: The goal of business writing is to express, not impress.
6.
One way to achieve clarity is to use active-voice sentences in your messages.

ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: Clarity in your business messages is enhanced by using active-voice
sentences that avoid foggy, indirect, and pompous language.
7.
In order to sound professional, business messages should not contain first-person pronouns or
contractions.
174
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: To sound conversational, business messages can contain occasional
contractions (cant, doesnt) and first-person pronouns (I/we).
8.
The following is an example of effective business writing: Further instructions will follow when
the undersigned is in receipt of them.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
NOT: To sound conversational, avoid third-person constructions (the undersigned) and
formal language (further instructions and in receipt). This sentence should be rewritten as
follows: I will send you additional instructions when I have them.
9.
Most business writing should sound warm and friendly.

ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: Most business writing should sound warm and friendlynot stuffy and formal.
10. Concise messages are easier to comprehend than wordy messages.

ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Con
NOT: Messages without flabby phrases and redundancies are easier to comprehend than wordy
messages.
11. Because they are shorter, concise messages are easier to write than longer ones.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
NOT: Short messages require more effort than long, flabby ones.
Con
12. There are and there is are examples of fillers.

ANS: T
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: There are and there is are examples of opening fillers, which are generally
unnecessary.
175
13. The sentence This letter is to inform you that your loan application has been approved is an
example of effective business writing.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: This sentence is not effective because it contains a long lead-in (This letter is to inform
you that).
14. In the sentence Let me refer back to something I said earlier, the expression refer back is
redundant.
ANS: T
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
NOT: Refer back is redundant.
Ap
15. In accordance with, due to the fact that, and for the amount of are examples of redundancies.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: In accordance with, due to the fact that, and for the amount of are all wordy
compound prepositions. Such expressions should be eliminated in business writing.
16. Opening fillers, long lead-ins, compound prepositions, and redundancies all make business
documents wordier.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: pp. 151-152
OBJ: 6-2
TYPE:
Con
NOT: Wordy expressions include opening fillers, long lead-ins, compound prepositions, and
redundancies.
17. Clauses beginning with that, which, and who can often be shortened without loss of clarity.
ANS: T
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Clauses beginning with that, which, and who can often be shortened without loss
of clarity.
18. The following sentence contains a compound preposition: Despite the fact that I disagree with
some of the provisions, I plan to vote for the contract.
ANS: T
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Despite the fact that is a wordy compound preposition; it can be replaced with
176
Although.
19. Business writers should focus on using noun phrases instead of relying on action verbs.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Con
NOT: Sentences that use action verbs are shorter and more forceful than sentences that use
noun phrases.
20. The following sentence contains a verb that has been converted to a noun: Hannah performed an
analysis of the March sales figures.
ANS: T
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: The sentence Hannah performed an analysis of the March sales figures uses a noun
phrase (performed an analysis of) rather than a verb (analyzed). It should be written as
Hannah analyzed the March sales figures.
21. The sentence Enclosed please find the contract we have prepared for you contains wording that is
preferred over Weve enclosed the contract that we have prepared for you.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Weve enclosed the contract that we have prepared for you is preferable to the first
sentence that uses the trite phrase enclosed please find.
22. To sound professional and businesslike, you should try to use the same
expressions that other writers have used over the years, such as pursuant to
your request and thanking you in advance.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Your writing will sound fresher and more vigorous if you avoid trite business phrases
such as pursuant to your request and thanking you in advance.
23. This sentence contains parallel construction: Our new copier sorts, collates, and it can staple
documents.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Ap
NOT: This sentence does not contain parallel construction. It should be written as follows:
Our new copier sorts, collates, and staples documents.
177

24. To achieve parallelism, match nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, phrases with phrases, and
clause with clauses.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: To achieve parallelism, match nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, phrases with
phrases, and clauses with clauses. Also avoid mixing active-voice verbs with passive-voice
verbs.
25. All items in a bulleted or numbered list should be parallel in construction.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Parallel construction should be used for lists and items in a series.
26. Numbered and bulleted lists can improve readability, comprehension, and retention.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Numbered and bulleted lists improve readability, comprehension, and retention.
27. Tyler is writing instructions for filing a workers compensation claim. He should use a bulleted
list because the order of steps in the process is important.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Use numbered lists for items that represent a sequence or for
reference. Use bullets to highlight items that dont necessarily show a
chronology.
28. Add ending punctuation to a numbered or bulleted list only if the items in the list are complete
sentences.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Add end punctuation only if the statements are complete sentences.
29. The first word of every item in a numbered or bulleted list should be capitalized.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: In listing items vertically, capitalize the word at the beginning of each
178
line.
30. Headings are used only in reports; they are never used in letters, memos, or e-mail messages.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Although headings appear more often in reports, they can also improve readability in
e-mail messages, memos, and letters.
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Patterns, Rhetorical considerations
31. CAPITAL letters, underlining, bold type, or italics can be used to highlight
individual words.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: To highlight individual words, use capital letters, underlining, bold type,
or italics.
32. Blank space in a document can enhance comprehension.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: One graphic technique to enhance comprehension is blank space.
33. Long sentences and long words cause the Fog Index of a document to decrease.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Long sentence and long words cause the Fog Index of a document to increase, making
the document more difficult to read.
34. Strive to keep the Fog Index of your business writing in the 8-12 grade-level range.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Your goal should be to keep your writing between the levels of 8 and
12. Messages in this range will be understood by most people
35. Todays advanced spell checkers are capable of identifying all spelling errors.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Spell checkers cannot catch all spelling errors; therefore, you shouldnt rely on them
179
completely.
AAC: Tier 1Technology; Tier 2Word processing
36. In the following sentence, the pronoun agrees with its antecedent: Everyone on the development
team shared their creative ideas.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Ap
NOT: The pronoun in the sentence does not agree with its antecedent. Correct the sentence as
follows: Everyone on the development team shared his or her creative ideas, Everyone on the
development team shared creative ideas, or All members of the development team shared their
creative ideas.
37. The sentence After analyzing the balance sheet the auditor discussed her findings with the CEO
is punctuated properly.
ANS: F
DIF: 5
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Ap
NOT: This sentence is not properly punctuated; it needs a comma after the introductory clause.
Correct the sentence as follows: After analyzing the balance sheet, the auditor discussed her
findings with the CEO.
38. Routine documents and complex documents are proofread using the same method.
ANS: F
DIF: 3
REF: pp. 156-159
OBJ: 6-5
TYPE:
Con
NOT: Most routine documents require a light proofreading. Long, complex, or important
documents demand more careful proofreading.
39. A useful technique for proofreading important documents that must be perfect is to read the
message aloud.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 159 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE:
NOT: For documents that must be perfect, read the message aloud.
Con
40. Encourage the receiver to respond to your message in order to evaluate its success.
ANS: T
DIF: 3
REF: p. 160 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Con
NOT: The best way to judge the success of your message is through feedback; therefore, you
should encourage the receiver to respond to your message.
180
COMPLETION
1. The third phase of the 3-x-3 writing process includes __________, proofreading, and evaluating.
ANS: revising
DIF: 1
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Def
NOT: The third phase of the 3-x-3 writing process includes revising, proofreading, and
evaluating.
2. ____________________ a document involves correcting grammar, spelling, punctuation, format,
and mechanics.
ANS: Proofreading
DIF: 1
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Def
TOP: Writing Process Phase 3Revise
NOT: Proofreading a document involves correcting grammar, spelling, punctuation, format,
and mechanics.
3. _________________ means improving the content and sentence structure of
your message.
ANS: Revising (or editing)
DIF: 1
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Def
NOT: Revising means improving the content and sentence structure of your
message.
4. _______________ is the process of analyzing whether your message achieved
its purpose.
ANS: Evaluating
DIF: 1
REF: p. 149 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Def
NOT: Evaluating is the process of analyzing whether your message achieved
its purpose.
5. One of the first revision tasks is to assess the ______________ of your message to ensure that it
will be immediately understood.
ANS: clarity
DIF: 3
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Con
NOT: One of the first revision tasks is to assess the clarity of your message to ensure that it will
be immediately understood.
181

6. The KISS formula refers to Keep It Short and ____________________.
ANS: Simple
DIF: 1
REF: p. 150 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Def
NOT: The KISS formula refers to Keep It Short and Simple.
7. Business messages should be _____________. This means that they should sound warm and
friendly, not stuffy and formal.
ANS: conversational
DIF: 1
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Def
NOT: Business messages should be conversational. Conversational messages sound warm and
friendly, not stuffy and formal.
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations, Patterns
8. Business messages should be _____________. This means that they make their point in the
fewest possible words.
ANS: concise
DIF: 1
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Def
NOT: Business messages should be concise. Concise messages make their point in as few
words as possible.
AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations, Patterns
9. Sentence beginnings such as there is, there are, and it is are examples of opening
____________________.
ANS: fillers
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Sentence beginnings such as there is, there are, and it is are examples of opening
fillers.
10. Avoid ____________________ such as visible to the eye and consensus of opinion.
ANS: redundancies
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Avoid redundancies such as visible to the eye and consensus of opinion.
182

11. Compound ____________________ such as at this point in time and for the amount of are wordy
phrases that may be better expressed in single words.
ANS: prepositions
DIF: 5
REF: p. 152 OBJ: 6-2
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Compound prepositions such as at this point in time and for the amount of are wordy
phrases that may be better expressed in single words.
12. We made a decision to demonstrates a common writing problem. It needlessly transforms a
____________________ into a noun phrase.
ANS: verb
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: We made a decision to demonstrates a problem common to many business writers,
needlessly transforming verbs into nouns. Correction: We decided.
13. A shorter form for give consideration to is to ____________________.
ANS: consider
DIF: 5
REF: p. 153 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: A shorter form for give consideration to is to consider.
14. Words such as as per your request, please do not hesitate to, and enclosed please find are stale
expressions that other writers have used over the years. These expressions are known as
____________ business phrases.
ANS: trite
DIF: 5
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
NOT: Words such as as per your request, please do not hesitate to, and enclosed please
find are examples of trite business phrases.
15. To achieve _________________, match nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs,
phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.
ANS:
DIF:
TOP:
NOT:
parallelism
3
REF: p. 154 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
Revising for Readability
To achieve parallelism, match nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs,
183
phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.

16. __________________, which are most often used in reports, provide a quick preview or review,
help a reader separate major ideas from details, and enable a busy reader to skim familiar and less
important information. They also help the writer organize carefully so that similar
material is grouped together.
ANS: Headings
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Headings which are most often used in reports, provide a quick preview or review, help a
reader separate major ideas from details, and enable a busy reader to skim familiar and less
important information.
17. Capital letters, underscores, boldface, and italics are examples of ____________________
highlighting techniques.
ANS: graphic
DIF: 3
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Con
NOT: Capital letters, underscores, boldface, and italics are examples of graphic highlighting
techniques.
18. The Gunning Fog Index and the Flesch-Kincaid Index are tools that help measure the
____________________ of a document or passage.
ANS: readability
DIF: 1
REF: p. 155 OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Def
NOT: The Gunning Fog Index and the Flesch-Kincaid Index are readability measures.
19. Careful proofreaders should look for problems with spelling, grammar, punctuation, names and
numbers, and _______________.
ANS: format
DIF: 3
REF: p. 156 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Con
NOT: Careful proofreaders should look for problems with spelling, grammar, punctuation,
names and numbers, and format.
20. The best way to evaluate the success of your communication is through ____________________.
ANS: feedback
DIF: 3
REF:
p. 160OBJ:
6-6
TYPE: Con
184

NOT: The best way to evaluate the success of your communication is through feedback.
185
ESSAY
1. Expert writers agree that a significant amount of time should be spent on the
revision phase of the writing process. Describe what takes place during the
revision phase of the writing process, and explain why this phase is so
important.
ANS: Student answers will vary.
The third phase of the 3-x-3 writing process focuses on revising,
proofreading, and evaluating. Revising means improving the content and
sentence structure of your message. Proofreading involves correcting its
grammar, spelling, punctuation, format, and mechanics. Evaluating is the
process of analyzing whether your message achieved its purpose.
While the composition process differs for individuals and situations, this final
phase should occupy a significant share of the total time business writers
spend on a message. Some experts recommend devoting about half the
total composition time to revising and proofreading. Rarely is the first or even
second version of a message satisfactory. Only amateurs expect writing
perfection on the first try. The revision stage is your chance to make sure
your message says what you mean.
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 149-150
OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
2. The current trend is to make most business messages sound conversational.
Explain what this means, and describe at least three techniques that can be
used to make your writing more conversational.
ANS: Student answers will vary. Students should support their views with a relevant, wellwritten response.
Clarity is enhanced by language that sounds like conversation. This doesnt
mean that your letters and memos should be chatty or familiar. Rather, you
should strive to sound professional, yet not artificial or formal. Business
messages should sound warm, friendly, and conversationalnot stuffy and
formal.
Techniques for Achieving a Conversational Tone:
1) Avoid legal terminology and technical words.
2) Avoid third-person constructions such as the undersigned or the writer.
3) Include occasional contractions and first-person pronouns.
DIF: 5
REF: p. 151 OBJ: 6-1
TYPE: Ap
3. Conciseness is important in business writing. Business messages should make their point in the
fewest possible words. Explain why conciseness is so important in business writing. Then
186
describe three techniques you can use to make your writing concise. Give two before-and-after
examples of each technique.
In revising, make certain that a message makes its point in the fewest
possible words. Messages without flabby phrases and redundancies are
easier to comprehend and more emphatic because main points stand out.
Efficient messages also save the reader valuable time. Many busy executives
today wont read wordy reports, so concise messages are much more likely to
be read.
Techniques to achieve conciseness:
1) Avoid unnecessary opening fillers such as there are, there is, and it is.
2) Delete long lead-ins such as I am writing this letter to inform you that.
3) Eliminate redundancies such as assemble together, exactly identical, and dollar amount.
4) Reduce compound prepositions such as at this point in time, despite the fact that, and
until such time as.
5) Purge empty words such as the fact that clauses beginning with that, which, or who.
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 151-153
OBJ: 6-3
TYPE: Ap
4. Robert Gunnings Fog Index and the Flesch-Kincaid Index both measure
readability. Explain what readability means and how these indexes measure
readability. Why is readability important to business messages? What reading
level should you strive for in your business messages? Why?
ANS: Student answers will vary:
Improving readability is one of the goals of revision. Formulas can measure
how easy or difficult a message is to read. Two well-known formulas are
Robert Gunnings Fog Index and the Flesch-Kincaid Index. Both measure word
and sentence length to determine readability. The longer a sentence, the
more difficult it is to read. Your goal should be to keep your writing between
the levels of 8 and 12. Magazines and newspapers that strive for wide
readership keep their readability between these grade levels, and business
writers should do the same. The more readable a business message is, the
more likely it will be understood.
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 155-156
OBJ: 6-4
TYPE: Ap
5. You are preparing a business proposal to submit to your companys board of
directors. Explain why proofreading it carefully is important. What should you
look for in your proofreading? Describe five techniques you will use to
proofread this complex document.
187
Proofreading involves correcting its grammar, spelling, punctuation, format,

and mechanics. This business proposal should be proofread carefully to
ensure that it is error-free. Error-free documents project professionalism and
will make a better impression on the audience.
While proofreading, look for problems with:
1) Spelling
2) Grammar
3) Punctuation
4) Names and numbers
5) Format
Proofreading Techniques for Complex Documents:
1) Print a copy, preferably double-spaced, and set it aside for at least a day.
2) Allow adequate time to proofread carefully.
3) Be psychologically prepared to find errors.
4) Read the message at least twiceonce for word meanings and once for
grammar/mechanics. For very long documents (book chapters and long
articles or reports), read a third time to verify consistency in formatting.
5) Reduce your reading speed. Concentrate on individual words rather than
ideas.
6) Because this business proposal must be perfect, enlist a proofreading
buddy. Have someone read the message aloud. Spell names and difficult
words, note capitalization, and read punctuation.
7) Use standard proofreading marks to indicate changes
DIF: 5
REF: pp. 156-159 OBJ: 6-5
TYPE: Ap

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CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

Chapter 6Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread,

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

The final phase of the writing process focuses on

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

What should you do to make a business message clear?

Which of the following is a goal of business writing?

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

TOP: Revising for Vigor and Directness

36. Which of the following represents the best business writing?

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

47. Most readability formulas measure

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

names, and numbers.

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

The first step of Phase 3 of the 3-x-3 writing process is proofreading.

The primary goal of business writing is to impress your reader.

One way to achieve clarity is to use active-voice sentences in your messages.

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

Most business writing should sound warm and friendly.

10. Concise messages are easier to comprehend than wordy messages.

12. There are and there is are examples of fillers.

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Audience

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

AAC: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical considerations

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses.

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

TOP: Writing Process Phase 3: Evaluate

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

UNIT 2 The 3-x-3 Writing Process

CHAPTER 6 Writing Process Phase 3: Revise, Proofread, Evaluate

Proofreading involves correcting its grammar, spelling, punctuation, format,

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