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ManualTestingInterviewQuestions
I)SDLCModels:

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Q)WhatisSDLC?

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SDLC(SoftwareDevelopmenetLifeCycle)isaprocessormethodologyused

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todevelopasoftwareinasystematicapproach.

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Q)ExplainphasesofSDLC?

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SDLChas6phases.
a.Requirementgathering
b.Analysisandplanning
c.SoftwareDesign
d.Coding
e.Testing
f.ReleaseandMaintenance

a.Requirementgathering:Duringthisphase,Businessrequirementsare
gatheredfromcustomeranddocumented.TheoutputofthisphaseisBusiness
requirementsspecification(BRS)document.

b.AnalysisandPlanning:Duringthisphase,Businessrequirementsare
analyzedandSystemRequirementsaredocumented.Atthesametime

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technologyrequiredtodevelopthesystemisalsoidentified.Projectplanis
createdtocomeupwithprojectmilestonesandreleasedate.Theoutputof
thisphaseisSystemRequirementsSpecification(SRS)documentandProject
Plan.

c.SoftwareDesign:Duringthisphase,basedonSRSdocument,High
LevelDesign(HLD)andLowLevelDesign(LLD)isdonefortheentiresystem
andforindividualcomponentsinthesystem.Theoutputofthisphaseis
Designdocuments.

d.Coding:Duringthisphase,basedontheDesigndocuments,programs
arewrittenintheselectedprogramminglanguage.Thefinaloutputofthis
phaseiscodedocumentsandexecutablesoftware.
e.Testing:Duringthisphase,Testcasesarecreatedandexecutedbythe
testerstoensurethatthesystemisdevelopedaspertheSystem
requirementsspecifications(SRS).Ifthereareanydeviations,defectsare
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reportedtodeveloperswhichareagainfixedandgiventotesters.Testers
performReandRegressiontestingandclosethedefects.Thefinaloutputof

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thisphaseisTestDocumentsandTestedSoftware.
AgileTesting

QualitySoftwareTestingf.ReleaseandMaintenance:Duringthisphase,testedsoftwareis
releasedtoproductionandthesoftwareisdeployedincustomer's
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environmentbyreleaseteam.Anydefects/improvementsidentifiedthereafter
bycustomerareaddressedbymaintenanceteam.

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Q)WhataredifferenttypesofSDLCModels?

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TherearedifferenttypesofSDLCModels.

POPULARPOSTS

a.SequentialModels
b.Iterative/IncrementalModels

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ii.SpiralModel

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iii.AgileModel
Q)WhatisSequentialSDLCModel?

SDLCModelinwhichthedevelopmentactivitiesareexecutedina
sequentialmanner.Onephasestartsonlyafterthecompletionofitsprevious
phase.

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Q)WhataredifferentSequentialModels?

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i.Waterfallmodel
ii.VModel

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Q)WhatarethedifferentphasesinWaterfallModel?

ANALYTICS

Waterfallmodelhas6phasessimilartogeneralSDLC.
a.Requirementgathering
b.Analysisandplanning
c.SoftwareDesign
d.Coding
e.Testing
f.ReleaseandMaintenance
Q)Whoarethepeople(Roles)involvedindifferentphasesof
WaterfallModel?

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Rolesinvolvedindifferentphasesdependsontheorganizationalstructure.

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Ingeneral,belowarethepeoplewhogetsinvolvedindifferentphasesof
SDLC.

i.BusinessanalystorBusinessTeaminRequirementsGatheringphase.
ii.TechnicalManagerorSeniorDevelopersinAnalysisphase,Project
ManagerinPlanningphase.
iii.SystemArchitectorTechnicalLeadinDesignPhase.
iv.DevelopmentLeadsandDevelopersinCodingphase.
v.TestLeads,TestersinTestingPhase.
vi.ProjectManager,releaseteamandMaintenaceTeaminReleaseand
Maintenancephase.

2015(191)
2014(292)
2013(728)
December(87)
November(98)
October(69)
September(30)

Inadditiontoabove,DevelopmentManagersandQAManagersarealso
involvedtomanagetherespectiveteams.

Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofWaterfallmodel?

June(15)
May(162)
April(80)

AdvantagesofWaterfallmodel:

1.ThemainstrengthofWaterfallmodelisitssimplicityanditisveryeasy
touse.
2.Outputgeneratedattheendofeachphaseisreviewedandapproved
andhenceithashighvisiblity.
3.Minimalresourcesarerequired.
4.Itislessexpensiveasminimalresourcesarerequired.
5.Thismodelispreferedforsmallerprojectswhererequirementsarewell
understood.

DisadvantagesofWaterfallmodel:

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1.Itisdifficulttoimplementanychangesintherequirements.

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2.Noworkingsoftwareisproduceduntilthelaststageofthelifecycle.
3.Itisexpensivetoincorporateanychangesoncetheprojectisinto
testingphase.

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4.Notsuitableforcomplexprojects,longtermprojects.
5.Notsuitablewhenrequirementsarenotclear.

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Q)WhatisVModel?

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Constants

VModelisalsoknownasVerificationandValidationModel.InVModel,
testingisdoneinparallelwithcorrespondingdevelopmentactivity.

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VARIABLES

Q)WhatarethedifferentlevelsoftestinginVModel?

i.ComponentTesting

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ii.IntegrationTesting
iii.SystemTesting
iv.AcceptanceTesting
Q)WhoperformsintegrationtestinginVModel?

Ingeneral,developersperformintegrationtestinginVmodel.

Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofVModel?

AdvantagesofVmodel:

1.Qualityofthesoftwaregetsimprovedasthemodelastestingactivities
fortherespectivedevelopmentactivity.
2.AvoidstheDefectmultiplication.
3.Savesmoretimeastestingactivitieshappenwellbeforecoding.
4.Defectscanbeidentifiedintheearlystagesofthelifecycle.

DisadvantagesofVmodel:

1.Expensiveasitinvolvesmorenumberofresources
2.Adoptinganychangesinrequirementsisnotpossible.

Q)WhataretheadvantagesofVmodeloverWaterfallModel?

SoftwarequalitygetsimprovedinVModelasithastestingactivitiesin
parallelfortherespecitivedevelopmentactivity.Defectscanbeidentifiedin
earlystagesoflifecycleanddefectsmultiplicationcanbeavoided.

Q)WhatistheimportanceofSDLCinSoftwareDevelopment?

QualitysoftwarecanbedeliveredwhenSDLCisfollowed.
Q)WhendoesTestingactivitystartsinWaterfallmodel?

Testingactivitystartsonlyafterdevelopmentphaseiscompletedi.e,
TestingispostdevelopmentactivityinWaterfallmodel.
Q)WhendoesTestingactivitystartsinVModel?

TestingactivitystartsduringRequirementsstageitselfinVmodel.
Q)WhatisIterative/IncrementalSDLCModel?

Processofdevelopingsoftwarethroughrepeatedcycles(Iterative)andin
smallerportionsatatime(incremental)iscalledIterative/IncrementalSDLC.
Q)WhataredifferentIterativeSDLCModels?

i.PrototypeModel
ii.Spiralmodel
iii.AgileModel

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SoftwareTestingInterviewQuestions~SoftwareTesting
Q)WhatisPrototypeModel?
Inthismodel,basedontherequirements,prototype(Nonfunctional

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system)isdevelopedanddeliveredtocustomerforhisevaluation.Basedon
customerfeedback,prototypeisrefinedandagaingivenforcustomer
evaluation.Theprocessrepeatsuntildevelopersgetclarificationonthe

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Questions4

requirements.Oncetheprototypeisfinalized,therequirementsarealso
frozen.
Q)Whatisprototype?

Prototypeisthesampleimplementationoftheactualsystem.Itcanbe
alsocalledasNonfunctionalsystem.
Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofPrototypeModel?

AdvantagesofPrototypemodel:

1.Clarityonrequirementsfromthecustomer,successrateoftheproject
ishigher.
2.Customercanseethesystemandheprovidethefeedbackimmediately.
3.Errorscandetectedmuchearlierascustomerisgettinginvolved.
DisadvantagesofPrototypemodel:

1.Customermaythinkthatprototypeistherealsystem.
2.Timetakingmodelastheactualdevelopmentdoesnotstartuntilthe
prototypeisfinalized.
3.Adoptingchangesoraddingnewrequirementsisdifficult.
4.Prototypeisofnouseoncethedevelopmentofactualsystemisstarted.

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Q)WhatisAgileModel?

MeaningofAgileis"MovingQuickly".WhenappliedtoSoftware
development,itmeansthatdeliveringthesoftwarethatmeetscustomer
requirementsinshortestpossibletime.

January(77)
2012(143)
2011(54)

Agilesoftwarelifecycleisaniterativeprocesswheresoftwareisreadyat
eachiterationbutcanalwaysbeimprovedinnextiteration.

2010(138)

Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAgileModel?

AdvantagesofAgileModel:

1.Successrateoftheprojectveryhighcomparedtoanyothermodels.
2.Canadoptchangesinrequirementsatanypointoftime.
3.Workingsoftwareisdeliveredfrequently.
4.Itemphasizesonrespondingtochangeratherthanextensiveplanning
anddocumentation.
5.ItisrecommendedforProductDevelopment.
DisadvantagesofAgileModel:

1.ExpensiveModelasmorenumberofresourcesarerequired.
2.ComplexinManaging.
3.Thereislackofemphasisonnecessarydesigninganddocumentation.
4.Theprojectcaneasilygettakenofftrackifthereisanycommunication
gap.
Q)WhataredifferentTypesofAgileModels?

i.ExtremeProgramming
ii.ScrumModel
Q)WhatisExtremeProgrammingModel?

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ExtremeProgramming(XP)isasoftwaredevelopmentmethodologywhich
isintendedtoimprovesoftwarequalityandresponsivenesstochanging
customerrequirements.Asatypeofagilesoftwaredevelopment,it
advocatesfrequentreleasesinshortdevelopmentcycles,whichisintendedto
improveproductivityandintroducecheckpointswherenewcustomer
requirementscanbeadopted.
Q)WhatisScrumModel?

Scrumisaniterativeandincrementalagilesoftwaredevelopment
methodologyformanagingsoftwaredevelopment.
Inthismodel,SystemisdividedintosmallpartsknownasSprints.The
durationofeachsprintcanrangefromoneweektothreeweeks.Attheend
ofthesprint,teammembersandstakeholdersmeettoassesstheprogress
oftheprojectandidentifyfurtherplanofaction.Thisassessmenthelpsin
takingstalkofthecurrentstateandreworkthelineofworkandcompletethe
projectontimeandnotjustspeculateorpredictthefurtheroutcome.
Q)WhatisSpiralModel?

Thespiralmodelisaincrementalmodelwithmoreemphasisplacedon
riskanalysis.Thismodelhasfourphases:Planning,RiskAnalysis,
EngineeringandEvaluation.Asoftwareprojectrepeatedlypassesthrough
thesephasesiniterationscalledSpiralsinthismodel.

Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofSpiralModel?

AdvantagesofSpiralmodel:

1.HighamountofriskanalysisandhenceavoidanceofRiskisenhanced.
2.Goodforlargeandmissioncriticalprojects.
3.Strongapprovalanddocumentationcontrol.
4.AdditionalFunctionalitycanbeaddedatalaterdate.
5.Softwareisproducedearlyinthesoftwarelifecycle.
DisadvantagesofSpiralmodel:

1.Canbeacostlymodeltouse.
2.Riskanalysisrequireshighlyspecificexpertise.
3.Projectssuccessishighlydependentontheriskanalysisphase.
4.Doesntworkwellforsmallerprojects.
Q)WhyisAgileModelsopopularthanotherSDLCmodels?
AgileModelispopularbecauseofitsflexibilityinadoptingchangesin
requirementsandatthesametimedeliveringsoftwareinshortestpossible
time.
Q)WhataretheadvantagesofIterativeModelsoverSequentialModels?

1.Initerativemodelwecanonlycreateahighleveldesignofthe
applicationbeforeweactuallybegintobuildtheproductanddefinethedesign
solutionfortheentireproduct.Lateronwecandesignandbuiltaskeleton
versionofthat,andthenevolvedthedesignbasedonwhathadbeenbuilt.
2.Initerativemodelwearebuildingandimprovingtheproductstepby
step.Hencewecantrackthedefectsatearlystagesandavoidthedownward
flowofthedefects.
3.Initerativemodelwecangetthereliableuserfeedback.When
presentingsketchesandblueprintsoftheproducttousersfortheirfeedback,
weareeffectivelyaskingthemtoimaginehowtheproductwillwork.
4.Initerativemodellesstimeisspentondocumentingandmoretimeis
givenfordesigning.
Q)WhatisthedifferencebetweenSequentialandIterativeModels?

1.InSequentialmodels,Softwareisdevelopedatonceanddelivered

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whereasinIterativemodels,softwareisdividedintoincrementsand
developed.
2.InSequentialmodels,workingsoftwareisnotproduceduntillateinthe
lifecycle,whereasinIterativemodels,softwareisdevelopedanddelivered
earlyinincrements.

II)TestLevels:
Q)WhataredifferentTestLevels?
Thereare4testlevels
a.Unit/Component/Program/ModuleTesting
b.Integrationtesting
c.SystemTesting
d.AcceptanceTesting
Q)ExplainUnitTesting?
Unittestingistoverifythecorrectnessofanindividualcomponent/module
ofthesystem/software.Thistypeoftestingisdoneduringthedevelopmentof
asoftware.
Q)WhataredifferentnamesforUnitTesting?
UnittestingisalsocalledComponentTesting,ProgramTestingorModule
Testing.
Q)WhatisintegrationTesting?
Individualmodules/componentsofthesoftwareareintegratedandtested
asagrouptoensurewhethertheyarefunctioningasexpectedwiththeir
counterpart.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofIntegrationTesting?
i.BigBangapproach
ii.Topdownapproach
iii.Bottomupapproach
iv.Hybridapproach
Q)WhatisBigBangIntegrationTesting?
InBigBangapproach,allthedevelopedmodulesarecoupledtogetherto
formacompletesystemanditistestedasawhole.Thereisnoneedto
simulatethecomponentsaseverythingiscompletebeforeintegrationtesting
starts.
Q)WhatisTopdownIntegrationTesting?
InTopdownIntegrationtesting,highestlevelmodulesareintegratedfirst
andtestingtakesplacefromtoptodown.Anyunfinishedmodulesare
substitutebystubs.
Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofTopDown
IntegrationTesting?
AdvantagesofTopdownIntegrationtesting:

1.Itiseasytolocateerrors.
2.Possibilitytoobtainanearlyprototype.
3.Itiseasytomaintainthecode.
DisadvantagesofTopdownIntegrationtesting:

1.Stubsshouldbecreatedforunfinishedmodulesandmightbemore
complicatedthantheyfirstappeartobe.
2.Lowerlevelmodulesmaynotbetestedasmuchastheupperlevel
modules.

Q)WhatisBottomUpIntegrationTesting?
InBottomupapproach,testingoflowlevelcomponentsisdonefirstand

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movetowardsthehighlevelcomponents.anyunfinishedcomponentsare
substituedbyDrivers.

Q)WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofBottomUp
IntegrationTesting?
AdvantagesofBottomupIntegrationtesting:

1.Bugscanbefoundeasily.
2.Itiseasytomaintainthecodethereisamoreclearstructureofhowto
dothings.
DisadvantagesofBottomupIntegrationtesting:

1.Whenreleasingaprototypeyoucannotseeaworkingprototypeuntil
nearlyalltheprogramhasbeencompletedsothatmaytakealongtime.
2.Needtocreatedrivermodules.

Q)WhatisHybridapproachofIntegrationTesting?
HybridapproachiscombinationofTopdownandBottomupIntegration
approaches.Testingcanstartasandwhenmodulesbecomeavailable.

Q)WhatisDriverinIntegrationTesting?

Adriverisasoftwarecomponentthatreplacesacomponentthattakes
careofthecontroland/orthecallingofacomponentorsystem.
Q)WhatisStubinIntegrationTesting?

AStubisaspecialpurposeimplementationofasoftwaredevelopment,
usedtodeveloportestacomponentthatcallsorisotherwisedependenton
it.

Q)Whattypeofintegrationtestingispreferred?

Q)WhatisSystemTesting?
Systemtestingistestingthesystemasawholeafterintegratingallthe
components.Itisperformedontheentiresystemtoensurethatitisworking
asenduserexpected.
Q)WhatisAcceptanceTesting?
Acceptancetestingisthetestingdoneintherealtimeenvironmentbythe
intendedaudienceorbusinessrepresentatives.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofAcceptanceTesting?
i.UserAcceptanceTesting
ii.OperationalMaintenancetesting
iii.Certifiedtesting
iv.Contractacceptancetesting
v.Alphatesting
vi.Betatesting
Q)WhatisUserAcceptanceTesting?
Useracceptancetestingfocusesmainlyonthefunctionalitythereby
validatingthefunctionalityofthesystembasedonthebusinessrequirement
specifications.
Q)WhatisOperationalAcceptanceTesting?
Operationalacceptancetestingvalidateswhetherthesystemmeetsthe
requirementsforoperation.Systemadministratorswillperformthe
operationalacceptancetestshortlybeforethesystemisreleased.The
operationalacceptancetestmayincludetestingofbackup/restore,disaster
recovery,maintenancetasksandperiodiccheckofsecurityvulnerabilities.

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Q)WhatisCertificationTesting?
CertifiedtestingalsoknownasComplianceacceptancetestingisperformed
againsttheregulationswhichmustbeadheredto,suchasgovernmental,
legalorsafetyregulations.
Q)WhatisAlphaTesting?
Acrosssectionofpotentialusersandmembersareinvitedtousethe
system.Developersobservetheusersandnoteproblems
Q)WhatisBetaTesting?
Betatestingorfieldtestingsendsthesystemtoacrosssectionofusers
whoinstallitanduseitunderrealworldworkingconditions.Theuserssend
recordsofincidentswiththesystemtothedevelopmentorganizationswhere
thedefectsarefixed.
Q)WhodoesUserAcceptanceTesting?
UserAcceptanceTestingisperformedbytheusers/customers,business
representativesandapplicationmanagers

Q)WhodoesOperationalAcceptanceTesting?
Systemadministratorswillperformtheoperationalacceptancetesting.

Q)WhodoesCertificationTesting?
CertifiedTesterswhoareawareofthegovernmental,legalandsafety
regulationswillperformCertifiedtesting.

III)TestTypes:
Q)Whatisverification?
Verificationistheprocessofevaluatingsoftwaretodeterminewhetherthe
productsofagivendevelopmentphasesatisfytheconditionsimposedatthe
startofthatphase.Ittakescareofsetofactivitiestoaddressthequestion
"Arewebuildingtheproductright?"
Q)WhatisValidation?
Validationistheprocessofevaluatingsoftwareduringorattheendofthe
developmentprocesstodeterminewhetheritsatisfiesspecifiedrequirements.
Ittakescareofsetofactivitiestoaddressthequestion"Arewebuildingthe
rightproduct?"
Q)WhatisQualityAssurance?
QuaityAssuranceaimstopreventdefectswithafocusontheprocessof
producingthesoftware.ItisdefectPreventionoriented.
Q)WhatisQualityControl?
Qualitycontrolaimstoidentifydefectsinthedevelopedsoftware.Itisdefect
detectionandcorrectionoriented.
Q)WhatisTesting?
Itisaprocessofexecutingaprogramorapplicationwiththeintentoffinding
defectsandithelpstomeasurequalityofsoftware.
Q)WhatisStaticTesting?
StaticTestingisdoneduringverificationprocess.Thistestingincludes
reviewingofthedocuments(includingsourcecode)andstaticanalysis.Thisis
usefulandcosteffectivewayoftesting.Forexample:reviewing,
walkthrough,inspection,etc.
Q)WhatisDynamicTesting?

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Indynamictestingthesoftwarecodeisexecutedtodemonstratetheresultof
runningtests.Itsdoneduringvalidationprocess.Forexample:unittesting,
integrationtesting,systemtesting,etc.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofTesting?
i.Functionaltesting
ii.NonfunctionalTesting
iii.Structuraltesting
iv.Experiencebasedtesting

Q)WhatisFunctionalTesting?
Functionaltestinginvolvestestinganapplications'sfunctionalityandfeatures
basedonanlaysisoftherequirementsspecifications.Ithelpstoverifywhat
thesystemissupposedtodo.
Q)WhatisNonFunctionalTesting?
Nonfunctionaltetinginvolvestestingtheapplication'snonfunctional
characteristicssuchasreliability,scalabilityetc.Ithelpstodeterminehow
wellthesystemworks.
Q)WhatisSanityTesting?
Sanitytestingisdonetoensurethatbasicfunctionalityisworkingfineand
whetheritisreasonabletoproceedwithfurthertestingornot.Itcanalso
calledas"BuildVerificationtest"
Q)WhatisthedifferencebetweenSanityTestingandSmokeTesting?
AccordingtotheIndustrystandards,thereisnodifferencebetweenSmoke
testingandSanitytesting.
Q)WhatisReTesting?
ReTestingorConfirmationtestingistheprocessofexecutingtestcasesthat
failedthelasttimewhentheywererun,inordertoverifythecorrectiveness
ofthefixesprovided.
Q)WhatisRegressionTesting?
Regressiontestingisdonetoensurethatthechangesmadeinthesoftware
forfixingdefectsortoenhancethefunctionalitiesdoesnotaffecttheexiting
functionality.
Q)WhatisthedifferencebetweenRetestingandRegressionTesting?
ReTestingisdonetoverifydefectfixesandRegressiontestingisdoneto
checkifthedefectfixeshavedisturbedexistingfunctionalitythatwasworking
finebeforemakingthechanges.
Q)WhatisPerformanceTesting?
Testingperformedonsoftwareinordertodeterminehowasystemperforms
intermsofresponsivenessandstabilityunderaparticularworkload.
Q)WhatisLoadTesting?
Loadtestingisperformedtounderstandthebehaviorofthesystemundera
specificexpectedload.Obectiveistoidentifytheperformancebottlenecksin
thesystem.
Q)WhatisStressTesting?
Stresstestingisperformedtoevaluateasystembeyondthelimitsof
specifiedrequirementsorresources,toensurethatsystemdoesnotbreak.

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Objectiveistoidentifythebreakpointofthesystem.
Q)WhatisthedifferencebetweenPerformanceTestingandLoad
Testing?
Loadtestingissubtypeofperformancetesting.
Q)WhatisAdhocTesting?
TestingdonewithoutusinganyformaltestingtechniqueiscalledAdhoc
testing.
Q)WhatisExploratoryTesting?
Itisaformaltestingprocesswheretherearenotestcasesareavailableto
testtheapplication.Functionalityoftheapplicationisunderstoodbyexploring
theapplicationandunderstandthefunctionalities.
Q)WhatisInternationalizationTesting?
Testingtheapplicationtoknowhowitdisplaysthemessagesorvarious
languagesandhowithandlestheinputs,stringsandsortingitems.
Q)WhatisLocalizationTesting?
Testingwhetherthesoftwarefunctionsasexpectedinlocalizedenvironment
aftertranslatingthemessages,documentsandcustomizingtheresources.
Q)WhatisExhaustiveTesting?
Testingwhichcoversallcombinationofinputvaluesandpreconditionsforan
elementofthesoftwareundertestiscalledExhaustivetesting.
Q)WhatisUsabilityTesting?
Thetestingthatvalidatestheeaseofuse,speed,andaestheticsofthe
softwarefromuser'spointofviewiscalledUsabilitytesting.
Q)WhatisCompatibilityTesting?
Testingwhethersoftwareiscompatiblewithotherelementsofasystemwith
whichitshouldoperate,e.gbrowsers,operatingsystemsetc.
Q)WhatisReliabilityTesting?
Reliabilitytestingistochecktheabilityofsoftwaretofunctionundergiven
environmentalconditionsforaparticularamountoftime.
Q)WhatisVolumeTesting?
Volumetestingreferstotestingasoftwareapplicationwithacertainamount
ofdata.Thisamountcan,ingenericterms,bethedatabasesizeoritcould
alsobethesizeofaninterfacefilethatisthesubjectofvolumetesting.
Q)WhatisSpikeTesting?
Spiketestingisdonebysuddenlyincreasingthenumberoforloadgenerated
by,usersbyaverylargeamountandobservingthebehaviourofthesystem.
Thegoalistodeterminewhetherperformancewillsuffer,thesystemwillfail,
oritwillbeabletohandledramaticchangesinload.

Q)WhatisEnduranceTesting?
Endurancetestingisusuallydonetodetermineifthesystemcansustainthe
continuousexpectedload.Thatis,toensurethatthethroughputand/or
responsetimesaftersomelongperiodofsustainedactivityareasgoodor

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betterthanatthebeginningofthetest.
Q)WhatisConfigurationTesting?
Testsarecreatedtodeterminetheeffectsofconfigurationchangestothe
system'scomponentsonthesystem'sperformanceandbehaviour.Acommon
examplewouldbeexperimentingwithdifferentmethodsofloadbalancing.
Q)WhatisSecurityTesting?
Securitytestingisaprocesstodeterminethataninformationsystemprotects
dataandmaintainsfunctionalityasintended.
Q)WhatisInstallationTesting?
Installationtestingfocusesonwhatuserswillneedtodotoinstallandsetup
thenewsoftwaresuccessfully.Thetestingprocessmayinvolvefull,partialor
upgradesinstall/uninstallprocesses
Q)WhatisRiskbasedtesting?
Riskbasedtestingisprioritizingandexecutingthetestsoffeaturesand
functionsbasedontheriskoftheirfailure.
Q)WhatisRecoveryTesting?
Recoverytestingistheactivityoftestinghowwellanapplicationisableto
recoverfromcrashes,hardwarefailuresandothersimilarproblems.
Q)WhatisDatabaseTesting?
Databasetestingmainlydealswithfindingerrorsinthedatabasessoasto
eliminatethem.Thiswillimprovethequalityofthedatabase.
Q)WhatisGUITesting?
Graphicaluserinterfacetestingistheprocessoftestingaproduct'sgraphical
userinterfacetoensureitmeetsitswrittenspecifications.
Q)WhatisPositiveTesting?
Testingaimedatshowingsoftwareworks.Alsoknownas"Testtopass".
Q)WhatisNegativeTesting?
Testingaimedatshowingsoftwaredoesnotwork.Alsoknownas"Testto
fail".
Q)WhatisSoakTesting?
Soaktestinginvolvestestingasystemwithasignificantloadextendedovera
significantperiodoftime,todiscoverhowthesystembehavesunder
sustaineduse.

IV)TestDesignTechniques:

Q)WhatisTestDesigntechnique?
Testdesignisaproceduretoselectfewtestcasesoutofmanywiththe
likelihoodofidentifyingdefects
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofTestDesignTechniques?
SpecificationbasedorBlackboxTesting

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StructurebasedorWhiteboxTesting
ExperiencebasedTesting
Q)WhatisBlackBoxTesting?

Blackboxtestdesigntechniqueisaproceduretoderiveorselecttest
casesbasedonananalysisofthespecification,eitherfunctionalornon
functional,ofacomponentwithoutreferencetoitsinternalstructure.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofBlackboxTestingTechniques?
i.EquivalentpartitioningorEquivalentclass
ii.BoundaryValueanalysis
iii.DecisionTables
iv.StateTransitiontesting
v.Usecasestesting
Q)WhatisWhiteBoxTesting?
Whiteboxtestdesigntechniqueisaproceduretoderiveorselecttest
casesbasedonananalysisoftheinternalstructureofacomponentor
system.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofWhiteboxtestingTechniques?
i.StatementCoverage
ii.DecisionCoverage
Q)WhatisEquivalencePartitioningorEquivalentClass?
Equivalencepartitioninginvolvesidentifyingasmallsetofinputvaluesthat
producemanydifferentoutputconditionsaspossible.Thisreducesnumberof
permutationsandcombinationsofinput,outputvaluesusedfortesting
therebyincreasingthecoverageandreducingtheeffortinvolvedintesting.
Q)WhatisBoundaryValueAnalysis?

Boundaryvalueanalysisisbasedontestingtheboundariesbetween
partitions.TestCasesaredesignedbasedonboundaryvalues.
Q)WhatisDecisionTabletesting?

Decisiontabletestingisatestdesigntechniqueinwhichtestcasesare
designedtoexecutethecombinationsofinputsshowninadecisiontable.
Q)WhatisStateTransitionTesting?

SateTransitionTestingisatestdesigntechniqueinwhichtestcasesare
designedtoexecutevalidandinvalidstatetransitions.
Q)WhatisUseCaseTesting?
Usecasetestingisatechniquethathelpsusidentifytestcasesthat
exercisethewholesystemonatransactionbytransactionbasisfromstartto
finish.
Q)WhatisStatementcoverage?

Statementcoverageisthepercentageofexecutablestatementsthathave
beenexercisedbyatestsuite.

Q)WhatisDecisionCoverage?

Decisioncoverageisthepercentageofdecisionoutcomesthathavebeen
exercisedbyatestsuite.100%decisioncoverageimplies100%statement
coverage.

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SoftwareTestingInterviewQuestions~SoftwareTesting
Q)WhatisconditionCoverage?

Thepercentageofconditionoutcomesthathavebeenexercisedbytest
suite.100%codecoveragerequireseachsingleconditionineverydecision
statementtobetestedasTrueorFalse.
Q)WhatisMultiConditionCoverage?

Designtestcasesforeachcombinationofconditionsiscalledmulti
conditiontesting.
Q)WhatisExperiencebasedtestingorInformalTesting?

Experiencebasedtestingisaproceduretoselecttestcasesbasedonthe
tester'sexperience,knowledgeandintuition.
Q)WhataredifferenttypesofInformalTestingTechniques?

i.Errorguessing
ii.Exploratorytesting
Q)WhatisErrorguessing?

Errorguessingisatechniquewheretheexperienceofthetesterisusedto
anticipatewhatdefectsmightbepresentinthecomponentorsystemunder
testasaresultoferrorsmade,andtodesigntestsspecificallytoexpose
them.
Q)WhatisExploratoryTesting?

ExploratoryTestingisatestdesigntechniquewherethetesteractively
controlsthedesignofthetestsasthosetestsareperformedanduses
informationgainedwhiletestingtodesignnewandbettertests.
Q)WhentouseDecisiontabletechnique?

Whendifferentcombinationsofinputsresultindifferentactionsbeing
taken,itwouldbemoredifficulttoshowusingequivalencepartitioningand
boundaryvalueanalysis,whichtendtobemorefocusedontheuser
interface.
Q)WhatisDecisionTable?

Atableshowingcombinationsofinputsandstimuli(causes)withtheir
associatedoutputsand/oractions(effects),whichcanbeusedtodesignTest
cases.
Q)WhatisStatediagram?

Adiagramthatdepictsthestatesthatacomponentorsystemcanassume
andshowstheeventsorcircumstancesthatcauseorresultfromachange
fromonestatetoanother.
SoftwareTestProcess:

V)SoftwareTestProcessorSTLC
Q)WhatisSoftwareTestProcessorSTLC?
ItisasystematicapproachtotesttheSoftware.Mainobjectiveisto
monitorandcontroltestingactivities.
Q)WhataredifferentphasesofSTLC?
TherearefourdifferentphasesofSTLC.
i.TestPlanning
ii.TestDesign
iii.TestExecution
iv.TestClosure

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SoftwareTestingInterviewQuestions~SoftwareTesting
Q)WhatisthedifferencebetweenSDLCandSTLC?
STLCispartofSDLC.SDLCinvolvesthecompleteverificationand
validationofasoftwarewhereasSTLCinvolvesonlyValidationofthesystem.
Q)WhatisTestPlanning?
TheactivityofestablishingorupdatingaTestPlan.
Q)WhatisTestPlan?
Adocumentdescribingthedetailedapproachtotestthesoftwareandwhat
theeventualworkflowwillbe.Itconsistsoffeaturestobetested,features
nottobetested,approach,entrycriteria,exitcriteria,suspensioncriteria,
resumecriteria,testenvironment,trainingneeds,resources,rolesand
responsibilities,risksandcontingencyplan.
Q)WhatarethetasksinvolvedinTestPlanning?
1.Understandandanalyzetherequirements
2.Riskanalysis
3.TestStrategyImplementation
4.TestEstimations
5.Teamformation
6.TestPlandocumentation
7.ConfigurationManagementplanning
8.TraceabilityMatrix
9.DefineTestEnvironmentsetup
Q)WhopreparesTestPlan?
TestLeadpreparesTestPlan.
Q)WhatistheInputforcreatingTestPlan?
MandatoryinputsareRequirementsdocuments,Projectplan,TestStrategy.
OptionalinputsareDesigndocuments,Processguidelinedocuments,
Corporatestandarddocuments.
Q)WhatisTestStrategy?
TestStrategyisaorganizationleveldocumentthatdescribesthetesting
approachduringSDLC.
Q)WhatisEntryCriteria?
CriteriathatdescribeswhentoStarttesting.
Q)WhatisExitCriteria?
CriteriathatdescribeswhentoStoptesting.

Q)WhatisSuspensionCriteria?
Criteriathatdescribeswhentostoptestingtemporarily.
Q)WhatisResumeCriteria?
CriteriathatdescribeswhentoResumeorRestarttesting.
Q)WhatistheOutputofTestPlan?
TestPlandocument
Q)WhoapprovesTestPlan?
ProjectManager
Q)WhatarethetasksinvolvedinTestDesignphase?
i.CreatingTestscenarios
ii.Testcasedocumentation
iii.Testdatacollection
Q)WhataretheinputstoTestDesignPhase?
RequirementsSpecification,TestPlan,TestScenarioTemplate,TestCase
Template,TestDataTemplate
Q)WhatistheoutputofTestDesignphase?

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SoftwareTestingInterviewQuestions~SoftwareTesting
TestCasesdocuments,TestData
Q)WhatisTraceabilityMatrix?
DocumentshowingtherelationshipbetweenRequirementsandTestCases.
Q)WhopreparesandupdatesTraceabilityMatrix?
TestLeadorTeamLeadcreatesTraceabilityMatrixandTestersupdate
TraceabilityMatrixthroughouttheSTLC.
Q)WhatarethetasksinvolvedinTestExecutionPhase?
1.CreatingTestbatches
2.VerifyingTestEnvironmentsetup
3.TestExecution
4.Testreporting
5.DefectReporting
6.Re&Regressiontesting
Q)WhataretheinputsforTestExecutionPhase?
RequirementsSpecification,TestPlan,TestCasedocuments,TestData,
DefectReport,TestReport
Q)WhatistheoutputofTestExecutionPhase?
TestReports,Opened/ClosedDefectReports
Q)WhatarethetasksinvolvedinTestClosurephase?
1.EvaluatingExitCriteria
2.CollectingallfromTestactivities
3.SendingTestDeliverablestothecustomer
4.Improvementsuggestionsforfutureprojects
Q)WhataretheinputsforTestClosurephase?
Requirements,TestPlan,TestReports,Open/ClosedDefectReports,Test
SummaryreportTemplate
Q)WhatistheoutputforTestClosurephase?
TestSummaryreport,TestDeliverables(TestPlan,TestScenarios,Test
Cases,TestData,TestReports,Opened/ClosedDefectReports)
Q)WhatareTestMetrics?
TestMetricsisusedindecisionmakingand
Q)WhatareTestDeliverables?
Anytestworkproductthatmustbedeliveredtosomeoneotherthanthe
testworkproduct'sauthor.
Q)Whatarebaselineddocuments?
Baselineddocumentsarethedocumentsthatareapprovedandfinalized
documents.

Q)WhatisDefectreport?
Adocumentreportinganyflawinacomponentorsystemthatcancause
thesystemtofailtoperformitsrequiredfunction.
Q)WhatisTestSummaryreport?
Adocumentsummarizingtestingactivitiesandresults.Italsocontainsan
evaluationofthecorrespondingtestitemsagainstexitcriteria.

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SoftwareTestingInterviewQuestions~SoftwareTesting

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Postedin:ManualTestingInterviewQuestions,qtpinterviewquestions,softwaretestinginterview
questions,TestingFAQ,TestingToolsInterviewQuestions

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10comments:
Anonymous says:
November9,2013at2:08AM

CananyoneprovideSampleTestCaseTemplate?
Reply

Anonymous says:
December16,2013at5:59AM

SampleTestCaseTemplate:
TestCaseId:
TestCaseName:
TestSuiteId:
Priority:
Steps:
ExpectedResult:
ActualResult:
TestResult:
Remarks:
Reply

Anonymous says:
December16,2013at6:00AM

WhoistheAuthorofTestSummaryReport?
Reply

Anonymous says:
December19,2013at7:13AM

AuthorofTestSummaryReportisTestLeadorTestManager.

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Reply

Anonymous says:
December27,2013at9:22PM

WhataretheRolesofTestLead?
Reply

Anonymous says:
July10,2014at10:17PM

verywellexplainedSQL
Reply

Anonymous says:
October17,2014at9:33PM

greatjob!!!!
Reply

Anonymous says:
October17,2014at9:34PM

greatjob
Reply

ananthsuresh says:
November30,2014at9:37AM

whatispresentationtesting
Reply

sridhar says:
May6,2015at11:00AM

reallyuhavedoneagreatjobreddy..
Reply

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