List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

Germanic source
Frankish *bannjan,
*bandjan
PGmc *laibijanan + *afPGmc *fur- + *sakanan
PGmc *fur- + *ltanan
PGmc *gebanan + *p
PGmc *bi-linnanan
PGmc *akiz
Frankish *hrt
PGmc *smartnPGmc *wai
PGmc *sairaz
PGmc *raw
PGmc *warkiz
PGmc *lataz, *ltiz
(Frankish *lat, *lti)
PGmc *trewwi
PGmc *ana + *libaz
PGmc *kwikwaz
Old Norse angr
PGmc *wraiio
Frankish *raidjan
PGmc *raihwaz
PGmc *hrengaz (Frankish
*hring)
PGmc *lnion + *p
PGmc *satPGmc *hlutom
PGmc *lston
Old English *andswaru
WGmc *aiskn
PGmc *frignanan
PGmc *beskjanan
Old English bedecian
PGmc *skjanan
PGmc *ga-waraz
PGmc *ana + *breustam
PGmc *p + *t + *spdiz
WGmc *bauknan
Frankish *baukan
Old Norse *flgra, flakka
Frankish *hariwald
Frankish *heriberga
Frankish *witan

Germanic

Latinate

Latin source

abandon
leave, leave off
forsake
forlet
give up
blin

relinquish
abdicate
desert
renounce

relinquere < re- + linquere

abdicre < ab- + dictus
dserere < d- + serere
renntire < re- + nntius

ache
hurt
smart
woe
sore
throe
wark

pain
agony

poena < Gk poin

L.L. agnia < Gk agni

allegiance
troth

fidelity
loyalty

fidlits
lglis

animate

animtus < animre < anima

rage
ire

rabis
ra

series
order
sequence

seris < serere

ord
L.L. sequentia < sequns <
sequ

response

responsum

inquire
request

in + quaerere
re + quaerere

cognizant

cognoscere

signal
indicator

M.L. signle
M.L. indictor

alive
quick (living)
anger
wrath
array
row
range, rank
line, lineup
set
lot
list
answer
ask
frain
beseech
beg
seek
aware
abreast
up to speed
beacon
buoy
flag
herald
harbinger
guide

Germanic source
PGmc *beforan
PGmc *beforan + *handuz
PGmc *ana + *haubuan
+ *af
PGmc *airiz

Germanic
before
beforehand
ahead of
ere

Latinate

prior

Latin source

prior

PGmc *b + *hafjanan
PGmc *beranan + *-unga
Frankish *stikkan
Frankish *wsa
PGmc *wegaz

behaviour
bearing
etiquette
guise
way

action
attitude
manner
conduct

PGmc *b + *haitanan
PGmc *bidjanan + *-unga
PGmc *b- + *hfan
PGmc *gagniz
PGmc *fura- + *dailiz
PGmc *bniz
PGmc *bldisjanan + *unga
PGmc *wela + *far
WGmc *b- + *ginnan
PGmc *sturtjanan
PGmc *ga-laubjan
PGmc *ga-menijan +
*satPGmc *gdaz + *spellan
PGmc *trewwi
PGmc *hlinunga
PGmc *bilbanan
PGmc *uz- + *bdanan
PGmc *terganan
PGmc *stadiz
PGmc *balgiz
PGmc *medi- + *hrefiz
PGmc *wamb
Middle English bigge (<
Old Norse?)
PGmc *grautaz
PGmc *straz, striz
PGmc *mikilaz
PGmc *haugaz (Frankish
*houg)
PGmc *gaburiz + *dagaz
PGmc *jran + *tdiz
PGmc *bljom
PGmc *hwjan
PGmc *daug

behest
bidding

command
order

cti
L.L. aptitd
V.L. *manuria < L
manurius < manus
M.L. conductus < L
condcere
V.L. commandre
ord

behoof
gain
foredeal
boon
blessing
welfare

advantage
benefit

L.L.*abantaticum
benefactum

begin
start

commence

com + initire

belief
mindset
gospel
truth
leaning

creed

crdere

remain

re- + manere

abdomen

abdomen

large
grand

larga < largus

grandis

anniversary

M.L. (dis) anniversria

color

color

belive, belave
abide
tarry
stay
belly
midriff
womb
big
great
stour
mickle
huge
birthday
yeartide
blee
hue
dye

Germanic source
PGmc *skadw
PGmc *wlitiz
PGmc *blmn
PGmc *blsmaz
PGmc *buzdn
PGmc *burj(n) (Frankish
*burjan)

Germanic
shade
lit
bloom
blossom
bud
burgeon

body,
embodiment
frame
makeup
lich
PGmc *brar
brotherly
Old English budda
bug
Old English bitela
beetle
Old English byldan
build
PGmc *raizijanan
rear
PGmc *raizijanan
raise
Old English bysig + nisse business
PGmc *under + *tkanan undertaking
PGmc *nut
note
PGmc *bugjanan
buy
WGmc *kalbam
calf
PGmc *kalljanan + *calling
unga
job
Middle English jobbe
lifework
PGmc *lba- + *werkan
livelihood
PGmc *lba- + *laid
living
PGmc *libn- + *-unga
Frankish *gram, *grinjan chagrin
PGmc *maganan
dismay
PGmc *skam
shame
PGmc *skihanan (Middle
High German schicken)
PGmc *trandijanan
chic
PGmc *wagjanan (Old
trendy
Saxon wogn)
in vogue
PGmc *dapraz (via Middle
dapper
Dutch dapper)
dashing
Middle English dasshen (<
swanky
Danish daske)
uptown
PGmc *swankianan
PGmc *p + *tnaz,
*tnan
PGmc *kilam
child
PGmc *barnan
bairn
PGmc *budagan
PGmc *framojanan
WGmc *makojana + *p
PGmc *lkan

Latinate

Latin source

flower

flor- < flos

corpus, corpse
carcass
cadaver

corpus
M.L. carcosium, carcasium
<?
cadver

fraternal

frternus

insect

insectum

construct

cnstruere < com + struere

affair
enterprise

ad + facere
Fr. entre + prendre

purchase
veal

pro- + V.L. *captiare

vitellus, vitulus

career
profession
vocation
occupation
employment

L.L. carrria (via) < Celtic

M.L. professi
vocti
occupti
implicre + -mentum

displeasure
dissatisfaction

dis- + L placre
dis- + L satisfacti

elegant
fashionable
stylish

legns < legere

facti < facere
stylus, stilus

infant

nfns

Germanic source
Middle English babe + -y
PGmc *kijom (via Old
Norse ki)
Middle English newborn
PGmc *keusanan
PGmc *pikkanan
PGmc *walan (Old Norse
val)
PGmc *karzjanan
PGmc *kaldaz
PGmc *kaliz + *-igaz
PGmc *freusanjaz
PGmc *kweman
PGmc *landjanan
PGmc *raikijanau
PGmc *getanan
WGmc *makojanan
PGmc *kuz
PGmc *bullonPGmc *nautan
PGmc *uhson
PGmc *steuraz
PGmc *wsundaz (Old
High German wisunt)
Old High German rohso
PGmc *dagaz + *likaz
PGmc *daudaz + *likaz
PGmc *banon + *fullaz
PGmc *dmjanan
Frankish *wardn
PGmc *haldanan
PGmc *flijanan
PGmc *b + *ankjanan
PGmc *deuzam
PGmc *hirutaz
PGmc *dajj(n) (Old
English d)
PGmc *hind
PGmc *stagPGmc *raihn
PGmc *gamainijaz
PGmc *b- + *ltilaz
PGmc *putjanan,
ptjanan + *dn
PGmc *lgaz

Germanic
baby
kid
newborn
choose
pick
wale
chore
cold
chilly
freezing
come
land
reach
get to
make (to a
place)
cow
bull
neat
ox
steer
bison
aurochs
daily
deadly
baneful
deem
regard
hold
feel
bethink
deer
hart
doe
hind
stag
roe

Latinate

Latin source

opt
select

optare
slctus < sligere < s- +
legere

task

M.L. tasca

frigid

frigidus

arrive

ad + ripa

beef
cattle

bs/bovis
V.L. capitale

diurnal
mortal
fatal

diurnalis
mortlis
fatum

judge
consider
esteem

idicre
consderre
aestimre

venison

venti/nis

demean, bemean
debase, abase
belittle
degrade
put down
humiliate
lower

L.L. bassus < Oscan or Celtic

L.L. dgradre < d- +
gradus
L.L. humilitus < humilire <
humilis

Germanic source
PGmc *dnan
PGmc *frumjanan,
*framjanan
PGmc *under + *tkanan
Old English docga
PGmc *hundas
PGmc *drengkan
PGmc *sweljanan
Old High German garo +
z
Old Norse ves + heill
PGmc *spanan

Germanic

Latinate

Latin source

do
perform
undertake

execute
dispatch

M.L. exectre < ex(s)equ

O.Fr. despeechier < des- +
L.L. -pedicre

dog
hound

canid, canine

canis

drink
swill
carouse
wassail
sup, sip

imbibe

imbibere < in + bibere

pigeon
culver
serious
grave
sober

V.L. pibionem
columbula
L.L. srisus
gravis
sbrius

soil
terrain

partly from Latin solium;

partly from Old English sol
terrenum < terra

oriental

orri

dine
consume
devour
ingest

V.L. diseieunare < dis +

ieiunare
consmere
dvorre
ingestus < ingerere

age

aevits ( < aevum) + -age

finish
complete
discontinue

fnre
complre
dis- + continure

PGmc *dubon

dove

PGmc *ernustPGmc *grimmaz

PGmc *sternijaz
PGmc *drit
PGmc *er
PGmc *landom
PGmc *grundus
PGmc *landam + *skapiz
PGmc *austra
PGmc *austra + *lkaz
PGmc *austra + *waraz
PGmc *etanan
PGmc *suppanan
PGmc *brekanan +
*brauan
PGmc *bankiz
PGmc *fdjanan
Middle Dutch snacken
PGmc *swelganan
PGmc *hnaskwajanan
PGmc *tkanan + *in
PGmc *btanan
PGmc *skirfanan (Old
English sceorfan)
PGmc *aldiz, *ald
PGmc *lban + *tmn
PGmc *lban + *spann
PGmc *anin
PGmc *fullfuljanan
PGmc *haldanan
PGmc *wrappanan
PGmc *stuppojanan
PGmc *bi-linnanan

earnest
grim
stern
dirt
earth
land
ground
landscape
eastern
easterly
eastward
eat
sup
break bread
banquet
feed
snack
swallow
nosh
take in
bite
scarf
eld
lifetime
lifespan
end
fulfill
halt
wrap up
stop
blin

Germanic source
PGmc *ebnaz
PGmc *flataz
PGmc *smjaz, smjaz
PGmc *in + *lnion
PGmc *lnion + *p
PGmc *stad + *-igaz
PGmc *faranan
Middle Dutch trecken
PGmc *gnan + *ana +
*braiaz
PGmc *tkanan + *trapOld Norse rfa
Frankish *wala
PGmc *fastuz
PGmc *hraa
PGmc *snellaz
PGmc *kwikwaz
PGmc *swpanan
PGmc *spdigaz,
*spdigaz
PGmc *fadar + *likaz
WGmc *fljan
PGmc *gawaraz
PGmc *tukkanan,
*tkanan
PGmc *fullijan + *up
PGmc *stukkPGmc *niwjanan
PGmc *furistaz
PGmc *furma
PGmc *maganPGmc *flouz
PGmc *hwelbanan
PGmc *ubersatjanan
PGmc *fulgian
Old Norse trak

Germanic
even
flat
smooth
in line
lined up
steady

Latinate

Latin source

level
planar
equal

V.L. *lbellum < lbella

L.L. plnris < plnum
aequlis < aequus

fare
trek
go abroad
take a trip
rove
gallivant

travel
journey
voyage

V.L. *trepalire
V.L. *diurnta
viticum

fast
rathe, rather
snell
quick
swift
speedy

rapid

rapidus

fatherly
fatherlike

paternal

paternus

feeling
awareness
touch

sentiment
sensation

sensus, senti

replenish

re + plnus

primary

prmus

inundate

inundre < in + unda

ensue

in- + sequi

previous
preceding

praevius < prae- + via

praecdere < prae- + cdere

fill up
stock
renew
first
foremost
main
flood
overwhelm
overset
follow
track
former
PGmc *formoerstwhile
PGmc *airis- + *hwlo
foregoing,
PGmc *fure- + *gnjaz
aforegoing
Old English hwlum
whilom
PGmc *fur-*biudan
forbid
PGmc *bannanban
PGmc *fura- + *stallaz
forestall
PGmc *fura- + Old Norse forecast

prohibit
prevent
projection

prohibre < pro + habre

inter + dicere, dictus
praevenre
prjecti < pr + iacere

Germanic source
kasta
PGmc *t + *lkjanan
PGmc *fura + *taljanan
PGmc *sanaz +
*sagjanan
PGmc *fura- +*buanan
PGmc *fura+*skadwjanan
PGmc *frijaz
PGmc *frijond + *likaz
PGmc *gakundan + *lkaz
PGmc *warmaz
Frankish *gardo, gardinPGmc *garda
WGmc *parruk
Old English pundOld English pearroc
PGmc *gadurojan
PGmc *far- + *gadurojan
PGmc *gadurojan + *p
PGmc *kruppaz
Old English clyster
PGmc *lisanan
PGmc *giftiz
PGmc *saliPGmc *geban
PGmc *gafurojan
WGmc*frumjana
PGmc *glaaz
PGmc *bliiz
PGmc *fagaraz
PGmc *murgijaz
PGmc *wunjo-samaz
PGmc *hapan
PGmc *gliujan
PGmc *urilam (via Old
English yrel)
PGmc *kwmiaz
PGmc *guan
PGmc *guan + *haiduz
PGmc *gdaz
PGmc *wel(n)
PGmc *hilp + *fullaz
PGmc *gagniz + *fullaz
PGmc *hailaz + *samaz
PGmc *weran + *hwl

Germanic
outlook

foretell
soothsay
forebode
foreshadow
freedom
friendly
kindly
warm
garden
yard
park
pound
paddock
gather
forgather
gather up
group
cluster
lease
gift
handsel
give
afford
furnish
gladness
bliss
fairness
merriment,
mirth
winsomeness
happiness
glee
thrill
queem
god, goddess
godhead
good
well
helpful
gainful
wholesome
worthwhile

Latinate

Latin source

predict

praedcere

liberty

lberts < lber

amicable

amcus

court
enclosure

co- + hortus
in- + claudere

assemble

ad + simul

present

prae- + essere

provide

pro + vidre

joy
pleasure
delight

gaudium
placre
dlctre

deity
immortal

deus
immortlis

beneficial

beneficium

Germanic source
WGmc *gnan + PGmc
*an
PGmc *wandjanan
WGmc *grnjaPGmc *laskaz
PGmc *getiskanan
PGmc *famaz
PGmc *swumtoFrankish *galgo
PGmc *harjaz + *berg
PGmc *hafnaz
PGmc *haruz + *skapiz
PGmc *uzdailjam
PGmc *hatojanan
PGmc *laiojanan
PGmc *skarn- (Frankish
*skern)
PGmc *hauhia
PGmc *luftuz
PGmc *helpan
PGmc *z- + *baitjanan
(Frankish *btan)
PGmc *gebanan +
*handuz
PGmc *b + *standanan
PGmc *b + *stadiz
WGmc *hannja
PGmc *harjaz
PGmc *fardz
PGmc *hulnis
PGmc *bergaz
PGmc *mund
PGmc *dn, dnaz
PGmc *hailagaz + *dagaz
WGmc *lauba
PGmc *brekan
WGmc *fur- + *lauba
PGmc *hailagaz
PGmc *gahailagiaz
PGmc *aujo + *landom
PGmc *aujo
PGmc *hulmaz
WGmc *jukkjan
PGmc *wurkijanan (via
Old Norse yrkja)
WGmc *taisijanan

Germanic
go on
wend

Latinate

Latin source

proceed

pro- + cedere

verdant

viridis

estimate

aestimare

port

portus

difficulty

difficults

hate
loathe
scorn

detest

de- + testari

height
loftiness

altitude

altitd (< altus)

help
abet
give a hand
bestand
bestead

assist

assistere < ad + sistere

pullet
army
militia

pullus
ML. armta
mlitia

mount

mns, montis

vacation

vacti

sacred

sacrre

isle

insula

irritate

irritre

green
lush
guess
fathom
sound
gauge
harbour
haven
hardship
ordeal

hen
here
ferd
hill
barrow
mound
down, dune
holiday
leave
break
furlough
holy
hallowed
island
ait, eyot
holm
itch
irk
tease
fret

Germanic source
WGmc *fur-etanan
PGmc *grellanan
PGmc gakundiz
Old English ilca
PGmc *brandaz
PGmc *brdPGmc *satPGmc *streunFrankish *tr
PGmc *lkaz
PGmc *knoean
PGmc *witanan
PGmc *spehjanan
(Frankish *spehn)
PGmc *sputtn
PGmc *taljanan
PGmc *lataz
PGmc *latjanan
PGmc *lagan (Old Norse
lag) + *-fullaz
PGmc *gastrahtaz
PGmc *fagraz
PGmc *rehtaz
PGmc *gasundas
PGmc *gamaitijaz
PGmc *warjanan
(Frankish *warand)
PGmc *fittjanan
PGmc *laijan
PGmc *kuningaz
PGmc *haubuan
PGmc *biron
PGmc *erloz
PGmc *langio
PGmc *legjan
PGmc *rastj, rast
PGmc *hlinojanan
PGmc *lubo
Middle English fond,
fonned
PGmc *managaz
PGmc *manigaz + *falaz
PGmc *rfiz
PGmc *taumijanjaz
PGmc *ga-makon
PGmc *fittjanan
PGmc *andswarjanan +

Germanic
grill

Latinate

Latin source

kind
ilk
brand
breed
set
strain
tier
like

type
class
sort
genre

typus < Gk typos

classis
sors
genera

know
wit/wot
espy
spot
tell

recognize

re + cognoscere

late
delayed

tardy

tardus

lawful
straight
fair
right, rightful
sound
meet
warranted
fitting

legal
legitimate, legit
just
proper

lglis
M.L. lgitimtus < lgitimre
jstus < js
proprius

duke
president

dux
praesidns

longitude

longitd (< longus)

repose
recline

re- + pausa
re- + clinare

amorous

amrsus

multiple
numerous
abundant
copious

multi + pls
numerosus
abundantem
copiosus

correspond

con + respondre

leader
king
head
baron
earl
length
lie (lie down)
rest
lean (back)
loving
fond
many
manifold
rife
teeming
match
fit
answer to

Germanic source
*t
WGmc *mainijan
PGmc *be- + *taiknjanan
PGmc *standanan + *fura
PGmc *ahtalnan
PGmc *motijan
PGmc *hitjanan (Old
Norse hitta)
PGmc *medjaz + *dagaz
Old Norse mistaka
PGmc *blundaz (Old
Norse blundra)
PGmc *wrangi
PGmc *mdar + *likaz
PGmc *nhwaz
PGmc *nhwizz
PGmc *neujaz
PGmc *friskaz
PGmc *n
PGmc *naht + *likaz
WGmc *alda
PGmc *stal-, *staPGmc *aldizo + *lkaz
PGmc *jron
PGmc *anaraz
PGmc *aljaz
PGmc *ufnaz
PGmc *heraz
PGmc *stub
PGmc *aist
PGmc *smijon
PGmc *raid
PGmc *wegaz
PGmc *bulaz + *werkam
PGmc *drbanan
PGmc *paaz
PGmc *rutjan
PGmc *be- + *fljanan
PGmc *be- + *flaz
PGmc *sehwan
PGmc *kanjanan
Old Norse *sma
PGmc *lkjanan
PGmc *seuanan
Middle English bublelen

Germanic

Latinate

Latin source

mean
betoken
stand for
ettle

intend
signify

intendere
significare

meet
hit

encounter

incontrre < in + contr

midday

noon

nona

mistake
blunder
wrength

error

error (< errre)

maternal

mternus

close

clausus

novel
modern

novus
modernus

nocturnal

nocturnus

ancient
antediluvian

V.L. *anteanus < ante

ante + diluvium

different
alternative

differre
alterare

kiln
furnace

culina
fornax

street
route
itinerary

V.L. strata
rupta
itinerantem

putrefy

putrefacere

perceive

per- + capere

appear

apparere

boil

bullre

motherly
nigh
near
new
fresh
now
nightly
old
stale
elderly
of yore
other
else
oven
hearth
stove
oast
smithy, smithery
road
way
boulevard
drive
path
rot
defile
befoul
see
ken
seem
look
seethe
bubble

Germanic source
(Middle Low German
bubeln)
PGmc *selbaz + *haiduz
PGmc *galkaz + *-nassus
PGmc *selbaz + *dmaz
PGmc *selbaz + *samaz
PGmc *saljanan
Old Saxon *trada
PGmc *dailjanan + *in
Frankish *borganjan
PGmc *skapjanan
PGmc *bulam (Old
English bold)
PGmc *t + *lnin
WGmc *skpa
PGmc *lambaz
PGmc *skoppan
WGmc *skuttjan
PGmc *skeuh(w)az
PGmc *sehwi
PGmc *sehwanan
PGmc *kannijanan
PGmc *skaljo
PGmc *krab-, krafPGmc *kunnanan
PGmc *listiz
PGmc *skaljo + *fullaz
PGmc *krab-, kraf- + *igaz
PGmc *gadaftjaz
PGmc *slpaniaz
PGmc *slmerianiaz
PGmc *dalaz
PGmc *falg
PGmc *sml
PGmc *ltilaz
PGmc *tindaz
Old English wg, wge
PGmc *snakon
PGmc *wurmiz
PGmc *surgo
PGmc *kar
PGmc *wai
PGmc *sprekanan
PGmc *taljanan

Germanic

selfhood
likeness
selfdom
selfsame
sell
trade
deal in
bargain
shape
build
outline
sheep
lamb
shop
shut
shy
sight
seeing
ken
skill
craft
cunning
list
skillful
crafty
deft
sleeping
slumbering
idle
fallow
small
little
tiny
wee
snake
worm
sorrow
care
woe
speak
talk

Latinate

Latin source

identity

L.L. identits < idem et idem

+ -its

identical

M.L. identicus + -al

vend

vendere < venum + dare

form

forma

mutton

M.L. mult (< Celtic)

store
close
timid

instaurare
clausus
timidus

vision

vidre/vsum

art
science

ars
scientia

adept

adeptus < adipisc

dormant
hibernate
torpid

dormre

minute
petite
diminutive

mintus < minuere

pitinnus
diminutivus

serpent

serpens

grief

OFr grever < L gravare <

gravis

converse
discourse

con- + vertere
dis- + currere

Germanic source
WGmc *prtana
PGmc *stundPGmc *tmn, tmaPGmc *tiz
PGmc *hwl
Old English rg
Old English spelian
PGmc *stuntjanan
PGmc *sundrigaz
PGmc *miskjanan
PGmc *swnam
PGmc *farhaz
PGmc *sug
WGmc *bairaz
Old English picgOld English hogg
PGmc *taikijanan
WGmc *skauwojanan
PGmc *laizjanan
PGmc *taljanan
PGmc *kunjanan
PGmc *makojanan
*(ga)knwanaz
PGmc *ankjan
PGmc *(ga)ht- + *fullaz
PGmc *(ga)mentijan + *fullaz
PGmc *(ga)htan
Early Modern English
hinch
PGmc *inkn
PGmc *kliwjoPGmc *reutanan
PGmc *plegPGmc *fraz
PGmc *taiknan
PGmc *mark
PGmc *hall + *mark
PGmc *huntjanan
PGmc *stampjanan
PGmc *tungon
PGmc *sprkij
PGmc *tal
PGmc *twinjaz
PGmc *twai + PGmc *-

Germanic
prate, prattle
stound
time
tide
while
throw
spell
stint
sundry
mixed
swine
farrow
sow
boar
pig
hog
teach
show
lear, lere

Latinate

Latin source

hour
moment
interval

hra < Gk hra

mmentum
intervallum

various
miscellaneous

varius
miscellus

pork

porcus

educate

dcre < dcere

tell
kithe
make known

relate
narrate

relatus < re- + ferre

narrare

thinking
thoughtful
mindful

pensive

pnsre

thought
hunch
inkling
clue

idea

idea < Gk idea

danger
peril
menace

V.L. *dominarium < dominus

periculum'
minaciae < minari

sign
symbol
trace
indication

signum
symbolum < Gk smbolon
V.L. *tractire
indicti

language

V.L. *linguaticum < L. lingua

double
duplicate

duplus
duplictus < duplicre <

threat
plight
fear
token
mark
hallmark
hint
stamp
tongue
speech
talk
twin
twofold

Germanic source
falaz
PGmc *twPGmc *under + *standan
PGmc *getanan
PGmc *graipisn
PGmc *p- + *haldanan
PGmc *bolhstraz
PGmc *beranan + *upPGmc *under +
*gurjanan
PGmc *p + beranan
WGmc skor- + up
PGmc *stagaz (Frankish
*staka)
PGmc *up- + *luftijan
PGmc *raizjan
PGmc *tizon
PGmc *sagjanan
PGmc *tizon
WGmc *alnaz + *tgaduraz
PGmc *fullk
PGmc *hailaz +*lk
PGmc *wadjojan
PGmc *mizd, meid
PGmc *hrja
PGmc *wakan
PGmc *bdanan
Old English tergan
PGmc *woenijanan

Germanic
twi-

Latin source
duplex

understand
get
grasp

comprehend

comprehendere

uphold
bolster
bear up
undergird
upbear
shore up
stay

support

supportre

elevating

- + levre

pronounce

pro- + nuntsecuiare

totally

ttlis

salary

salrium

expect

ex + spectre

notice
alert
recommendation
admonition

ntitia
It all'erta < L rigere
M.L. recommendti
admoniti

launder

M.L. lavandria < lavare

observe

ob + servre

vigilant

vigilre

uplifting
raising, rearing
utter
say
utterly
altogether
fully
wholly
wage
meed
hire
wait, await
bide
tarry
ween

WGmc *warnjanan + *warning

unga
tip off
PGmc *tupp- + *afPGmc *watskanan
PGmc *klainisn
PGmc *hrainisn
PGmc *labjanan
PGmc *baojanan
PGmc *skrubbanan
PGmc *wakan
PGmc *kpjanan
PGmc *behaldanan
PGmc *wakanan
PGmc *wakanjaz
PGmc *war + *-igaz

Latinate

wash
cleanse
rinse
lave
bathe
scrub
watch
keep
behold
watchful
waking
wary

Germanic source
PGmc *wadjjanan
PGmc *wadj + *laikaz
PGmc *wurdiz
PGmc *framijaz
PGmc *uzdaz
PGmc *werhwaz
PGmc *unkunaz
Old English tlendisc
PGmc *alja- + *rkjan
PGmc *argaz
PGmc *faigjz
PGmc *weraleilkaz
PGmc *er + *likaz
PGmc *wopijanan
PGmc *grtanan
Old Norse baula
Old Norse vla
PGmc *hwnanan
PGmc *krtanan
PGmc *murnanan
PGmc *siubanan,
*seubnan, *subjanan
PGmc *gawehtiz + *-igaz
WGmc *mainijanan + *unga + *fullaz
PGmc *ki- (Old English
ce)
PGmc *westra
PGmc *(ga)hailaz
PGmc *wdas
PGmc *braii
PGmc *spann
PGmc *wiljiaz
PGmc *faliz
PGmc *grimmaz
PGmc *wsaz
PGmc *klufraz
PGmc *in + *gasih +
*fullaz
PGmc *in + *leuhtam
PGmc *kniz
PGmc *knoeanan +
*laikam
PGmc *skreuwon
PGmc *wunskjan
PGmc *weljanan

Germanic
wed
wedlock
weird
fremd
odd
queer
uncouth
outlandish
eldritch
eerie
fey
worldly
earthly
weep
greet (cry),
regret
bawl
wail
whine
cry
mourn
sob

Latinate
marry
marriage

Latin source
martre
V.L. *maritaticum

strange

extrneus

mundane
secular

L.L. mundnus < mundus

saeculris

lament
deplore

lmentr < lmentum

dplrre < d- + plrre

important
grave

importns
gravis

occidental
entire

occidere
integer

latitude

latitd (< latus)

savage
feral

silvaticus < silva

fera

wise
clever
insightful
enlightened
keen
knowledgeable
shrewd

prudent
intelligent
sapient

prudns < providns

intelligns
sapins

wish
will

desire
cupidity

desiderre
cupidits

weighty
meaningful
key
western
whole
width
breadth
span
wild
fell
grim

Germanic source
PGmc *gernjanan
PGmc *langojanan
PGmc *lustuz
PGmc *wana-, wann (Old
Norse vanta)
Old English wfman +
PGmc *likaz
PGmc *widuz
PGmc *hultoPGmc *waluz
WGmc *busk
PGmc *graib
PGmc *bruskaz
PGmc *ekwatjan (Old
English iccet)
PGmc *furhi (Old
English fyrh)
PGmc *skagjan
PGmc *wurdan + PGmc
*bkiz

Germanic
yearning
longing
lust
want
womanly

Latin source

feminine

femininus

wood (a wood)
holt
weald/wold
bush, boscage
grove
brush
thicket
frith
shaw

forest
copse, coppice

M.L. *foresta, partially < L.L.

forestis; partially < Frankish
*forhist
V.L. *colpaticium

wordbook

dictionary

dictinrium

labor

labor

script

scrptum < scrbere

fate
destiny
annual
ochre
juvenile
immature

fatum
dstinre
annalis
ochra < Gk khra
iuvenis
immtrus < in- + mtrus

adolescence

adolescere < ad- + alescere

work
drudge,
drudgery
swink
PGmc *wrtanan + *-unga writing
PGmc *gawritan
writ
PGmc *wurdiz
wyrd
PGmc *dmaz
doom
PGmc *jram + *likaz
yearly
WGmc *gelwa
yellow
WGmc *juguniz + *fullaz youthful
PGmc *jungas
young
PGmc *juwuniz
youth
PGmc *tehuniz + *haiduz teenhood
PGmc *werkan
PGmc *dreuganan
PGmc *swinkanan

Latinate