‘Module 1 ‘Module 2 ‘Module 3 Module 4 ‘UNIT 1 Something to shout about! (pp. 7-26) Ambition, success, achievement, happiness UNIT2 Escape Artists (pp. 27-46) ‘ave, entertainment, leisure, relaxing UNIT 3 People Power (pp. 53-72) People, families, appearances. UNIT 4 Growing Concerns (op. 7392) Soda problems, cil ibetis, ‘unemployment, poverty intemational issues, environmental problems UNIT 5. Our Changing World (pp. 99-118) Technology, comptrs, space travel, technology in everday ie UNIT 6 A Job Well Done (op. 119-138) Work, the workplace, business, professions, money UNIT7 Fit for Life (pp. 145-164) Health, fitness, medicine, sport & exercise UNIT Live and Learn (pp. 165-184) ‘School, education, university ife, educational issues UNIT 9 The Image Business (pp. 191-210) The fashion industry, image, the visual arts UNIT 10. Shop Around (pp. 211-234) Shopping, the economy, advertising ‘Grammar Reference (p. 239) Irregular Verbs (9. 248) ‘Appendix 1 ~ Phrasal Verbs (p. 250) Contents Celebrations; career sucess; colocations; words often confused; leaders; expressing satisfaction, idioms; fixed phrases with on, phrasal verbs; Communication: giving and responding to news Pastimes and hobbies sure activities; adectives ‘colocation; idioms; fied phrases with af, phrasal verbs; Communication: making and responding to suggestions intertupting Family; media; characteristics; words often confused; «allocations; idioms; fixed phrases with of, phrasal vets (clear, come); Communication: apologising Crime and the law: punishment; charity; social issues; People in the egal profession; phrasal verbs, idioms; fixed phrases with against; Communication: problems and solutions Science and technology: computers; phrasal verbs; idioms; fixed phrases with in; Communication: sharing opinions Jobs, work and workplaces; collocations, idioms; fixed ‘phrases with on; phrasal verbs; Communication: polite requests Health problems; treatments; medicine; collocation; idioms, fixed phrases with under, phrasal verbs; Communication: making appointments School, college, university: study methods; subjects leaming;collcations; idioms; fixed phrases with by, phrasal verbs; Communication: describing similarities! differences Image; looks; collocation; idioms; fied phrases with down, phrasal verbs; Communication: expressing surpise, calling 999 Shopping; money; advertising; collcations; idioms; fixed phrases with cary; phrasal verbs; Communication: placng/confirming an order; making! answering a complaint ‘Appendix 2~ Linking WordsPhrases (p. 251) Sets of Pictures (p, 253) Multiple matching (parts 1/4); multiple choice (part 3) Multiple choice (part 3); gapped text (part 2) Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) Multiple matching (parts 14); gapped text (part 2) Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) ‘Multiple matching (parts 1/4, gapped text (part 2) Multiple matching (parts 1/4); ‘multiple choice (part 3); Multiple choice (part 3), gapped text (part 2) ‘Multiple choice (part 3); multiple matching (parts 1/4) Gapped text (part 2); multiple matching (parts 1/4)and Grammar. gerund / infinitive exam practice: parts 1,5; ‘word formation, word building; ertor correction fxam practice: parts 1,4 (task type 1) Pee) vam practice: part 2; useful language: comparing, contrasting and speculating: pet ef assessment Formal and informal letters Grammar: the present; statve verbs; exam practice: Parts 2,3 task type 2), 4, 6 Grammar: the past; used to and. would; exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task ype 1), 5; regster transfer, err conection vam practice: parts 2, 4 (task type 1) Exam practice: pats 2, 3 Exam practice: parts 3, 4; useful language; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; useful language; peer assessment Reviews Grammar: the passive; the causative; exam practice: parts 1, 2,4, 5, register transfer, ‘word formation Grammar: the future; exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 1), 4, 5; eror correction, register transfer Exam practice: parts 1, 3, 4 (task type 1) ram practice: parts 3, 4 (task type 2) fram practice: pats 3, 4; useful language; evaluating; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; useful language; peer assessment Reports and proposals Book entries Grammar: conditionals and wishes; exam practice: parts 1 4,6; structure and coherence; word formation Grammar: inversion; modal verbs; exam practice: parts 1, 3 (task types 1, 2), 5; register ‘rans, structure fram practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 1) Exam practice: parts 2, 3 (task type 2), 4 (task ‘ype t) ram practice: pats 3, Useful language: selecting; peer assessment ram practice: part 2; useful language: making assumptions, ‘quessing and eliminating, peer assessment Business optionfetters of ‘pplication ‘Combined transactional tasks Grammar: telatves; exam practice: parts 3,4, 5; word formation; structure and coherence Grammar: indirect speech and reporting verbs; exam practice parts 1,3 (task ype 1), 4, 5; word formation, reqjster transfer Exam practice: parts 1, 2 Exam practice: parts 2, 4 (task type 1) assessment ‘xem practice: parts 3, 4; useful language; peer assessment Exam practice: part 2; peer Information sheets Competition entries ‘Grammar: articles and punctuation; exam practice: parts 3 (task type 2), 4 6; proof-reading, structure ram practice: parts 1, 4 (task type 2) Exam practice: parts 3, 4 peer assessment Review of writing tasksSomething to Shout About | Escape Artists* How do you relax? it eu a) a st = Listen, read and tall © success and how to . achieve it . + celebrations . * happiness . successful people and their personalities : * successful businesses + achievements . © quality of life Learn how to ... * aive/fespond to news © interrupt * compare, contrast and speculate + make/respond to suggestions * negotiate/reach agreement ne a + any © wear © put set SECS use * What do you think of when you hear the word ‘success'? ant ‘unusual celebrations getting a job getting away from it al relaxing & escaping books and reading travelling & holidays ‘weekend breaks pastimes and hobbies arte © gerund/nfinitive the present tenses/ stative verbs formal and informal letters + reviews1 2 Lead-in a. Look at the pictures showing people expressing joy on different occasions. What has happened ‘to make them feel happy? Now, in pairs, discuss success. Think about: * its importance in our lives * happiness it brings * problems it causes ‘@))_ listen to some people talking about what they ‘believe to be the secret of success and complete the {gaps using 1 to 3 words. 1 Always when other people doubt you 2. Block keep going, 3. Channel your efforts in the right direction and 4 in differen 5 Practise being tnt it becomes second nature, 6 Beorganised and 7 Never ‘and believe you are as good as everyone else. b. Decide on three of the elements in Ex. 2a which you think are most important for success. Compare your list to your partner's Look at the following list of qualities and, in pairs, discuss in which profession(s) you think each one is necessary and why, * physical strength * quick thinking * determination ‘foresight + diplomacy « discipline * imagination * intellect.» power of persuasion * team spirit + lawyer teacher © business executive» pltician © firefighter © carsalesman © footballer © doctor © artdiector novelist ‘A: Ithinkstrong powers ofpersuasion are essential for someone lie acarsalesman because he has to beable to talkpeople into buying rom him. B: Poltcians need this too, in order to gain support foran idea ora policy. Dont you think? Paraphrase the following quotations. Do you agree with them? Why (not)? Discuss in pairs. ‘Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it Henry David Thoreau (American pect & philosopher) ‘You always pass failure on the way to success Mickey Rooney (American comedian)1 2 You are going to read an article about successful people. a. Read the introduction to the article and in pairs answer the following questions, * According to the writer, how important is talent in achieving success? * What do you think the people will say are the keys to success? The following phrases appear in the text. How are they related to the title? Scan the text to see if your ‘uesses were correct. = keep going * will to succeed + set goals + path to success * pursue my goal + block out negative thoughts » channel your efforts « gut instinct. * plan your progress # push beyond your limits * stay focused Reading - Parts 1/4 Read the article. For questions (1-14), choose from the answers (A.\). Some of the choices may be required more than once, STRATEGY POINT Read the text quickly to get an idea of the themels) and content, This will ako give You an idea of where to ook for the answers later, Read the questions / statements, Read each section in detail to see which statements apply to which section, The answers do not necessarily appear in the text in the same order as the questions. The answers are not worded in the same ‘way the questions. You will have to interpret the language of the text. Olympic Heptathlon Champion Voted Britain's female athlete ofthe year (1996) “Always believe in yoursel. I have learned a lot from my own diseppointments, In the 1996 Olympics, [ost it completely. I was far behind the leading three athletes, ‘and Lflt vas letting myself and my country down Inthe javelin event I needed an extra two metres to LW iV WAVEBAK into contention. I managed to ‘metres by throwing way beyond what I expected.” Sir Steven Redgrave ‘Winner of 5 Olympic gold medals that nothing is over until i's actually over, and ended up achieving an extra four remind myself B 10 “Don't let potential hurdles block your path to success In 1997 I was diagnosed as diabetic {remember thinking my career was over. Ifelt incredibly low. Then one of ¢ the specialists said there was no reason why I shouldn't carry on training and ‘competing, and that was it- the spur I needed. I could still be a winner myself Tam not saying that i isn't difficult sometimes, But 1 want myself that I wasn’t finished yet, so illness was never enough to prevent pursuing my goal, No obstacle is ever insurmountable.” Annilea Reeder British Gymnasties Champion “Neier, err gie up, When times ae hard, KS pugpingawAy owas ifTelioved in 15 ted to prove to ime from € 20 cs your goal. If Sou have a dream, inch your way towards it and mark off mini goals on the way. A lot of it depends on your own mental will to succeed, There was a tint ‘when TR from a ite gel 0 a woman and I experienced a huge dip in my ein my career ‘confidence, My coach encouraged me to keep going, and it was the best advice T could have been given. Sometimes i's very hard to puEthNgintorperspective; but the best approach is to block out the negative thoughts and keep att Pete Cohen Sports Psychologist D 30 “Whatever your personal challenge, iti important to set goals for yourself. Make sure they are realistic aims that you know are achievable. Channel your efforts in the ‘ight direction and don't get SMG5F¥EKE@! And remember, if you ure too nervous about tackling) something, you won't achieve it, Relieve some of the tension 3 associated with your challenge by reminding yourself that world peace isnot riding | on you succeeding.” Octavius Black Director of The Mind Gym, London Advisor to Microsoft and Pret A Manger 40 “The key to success isto think imaginatively about your goals. It's alot easier than it sounds, Ifyou tend to overanalys, ty making a few decisions based on your gut instinct. You will be surprised at the way people respect your positive actions, Remember, the more you practise being assertive and proactive, the more it 45 becomes second nature. And your brain can only learn to react in different ways and remember diferent skills if it has been taught o, So, at work, make an effort to learn something new every day. It ill help to Bod your confidence:50 8 ® ‘Karen Pickering FE Swimming World Champion, 1998 “Be organised and disciplined. Every week Ido 10 two-hour sessions inthe pool and three two-hour gym sessions. There is no way/I could get through that sort of workload without being on tp of my diary. fave learned that hiss so the hey 1o success in other aspects of ie ‘You can't parsue a career in any HSPN Withoot being organised Make lists of what you want to do and what you want to achieve and. | then plan your progress towards your goal Just by writing down your goals for the day, however small they are, you'll be a step closer to achieving them." Kirsten Best a Poet & Novelist "Concentrate. Sometimes a voice inside your head tells you that you can't do something. Then there are EXER distractions, such as, family or lifestye, The key is to make sure that these don’t have a detrimental eect, Concentration will make you feel more in control of your life and it will boost your confidence and sel-belie Occasionally, I use key words that help me stay focused. When T am stressed, for example, it helps to repeat words such as ‘calm’, peace” ‘or ‘focus’ either outloud or silently in my mind. This isa habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful ‘chological tool Roger Black a Olympic 400 metres Silver Medalist “used imagery and visualisation a lot when [was competing and I'm cmvinced it helped a great deal in my success. Imagine you are ‘experiencing success. Mentally transfer yourself to the place where you can see, hear and smell what is going on around you. Thea, run through the possible permutations of what could happen. This way you will be prepared for everything and afraid of nothing. One ‘cumple ofthis being put to its best use is when you ae asked to give resentation at work. It can be nerve-racking at the best of times, but if you have already ‘lived’ through it all in your head it's a lot, Donna Fraser T British 400 metres Champion ‘Don't underestimate yourself. didn’t have the confidence to believe | ould be & winner until the ast Olympics. I misjudged my race and only took fourth place, but it taught me more than I could have ‘imagined - that I could have done it, and that Lam good enough if ‘only [believe in myselt. Now, having achieved way beyond what I | expected, 1 have no brie in my mind. Push yourself beyond your limits. Take your time, work your way up, and don't forget to enjoy ‘yourself while you doit” Whose age affected histher self- assurance? 1 ‘© Who benefited from falling? 2 3 ‘+ Who needed someone else's help to succeed? 4 5 © Who thinks about success in order to make it happen? 6 © Who thinks it is necessary to have minor aims leading up to the most important? 7 8 © Who needed to overcome health problems? 9 ‘© Who thinks you must not lose sight of your main aim? 10 ‘= Who thinks you should try to surpass yourself? " ‘= Who believes you should not always think too much about decisions? R ‘+ Who believes you must manage your time effectively? B * Who repeats things to himself/herself in order to relax? 4 © Vocabulary Practice 3a Match the words/phrases from the text to their ‘meaning. I 1. hurdle 12) frightening l 2 insurmountable I, 18) _b damaging 3. second nature (46) ¢ impossible to overcome 4 detrimental (65) variations 5 permutations (78) e automatic 6 nerveracking (.81) believe oneself to be weaker 7 underestimate than one is I yourself (| 86) something blocking one's way I b, Explain the the highlighted words/phrases. © Text analysis 4. What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases? Discuss in pairs. © Discussion 5 a Make a “Key to success’ ist. Compare your list to your partner's, then present it to the class. b. Tell your partner about someone you know who hhas become successful, saying what qualities ‘and circumstances have helped him/her.Language Focus D Let's celebrate! 2 @) Listen to two people taking, What special “occasion is being described? How does the girl feel 41 @ Lookat the newspaper announcements, about the celebration she went to? telegrams and greeting cards below. To which of the following events is each one related? b. In pairs, discuss the best celebration you have ever attended. Think about: * house-warming * engagement * wedding * promotion + retirement * graduation * the reason forthe celebration « anniversary « birth *+ how many people attended © where it was celebrated . f ‘A ROBERTSON Elaine (nee Marshall) and Mark are What kind of food was served kinds of entertainment how long it lasted pleased to announce the arrival oftheir daughter Ellen Rachel, on April Ist, 2003, a welcome sister for Matthew, Hannah and Daniel. 8 Mrs Maureen Holand of Sunnybank wishes to announce the Ss Getting to the Top otiaing marge of her youngest avai CATHERINE LOUISE 'DBENNY URDAL HANSEN on 24th Aplin Abu Dhabi UAE. Love 3 Complete each sentence, using one of the three and congratulations rom Mum, Michael, ule and De A 2am rea aly words provided. 1+ Although | always make a New Year's él Seldom manage to stick to it for more than a month. © Theboar's toll company shares to the public met with strong resistance As vice-president, my main is to increase Productivity wile improving working conditions A cbjective —B resolution decision 2 ‘In celebration of their the entire team stood in the centre ofthe field and sang thir national anthem, After a decade of dedicated research, the scientist finally made the he had been striving fr. To Salute her ife-ong in the entertainment field, a huge reception was held in her honour ‘A victory B achievement breakthrough , Hie aces shoud be a reauied couse fr Happy otnuiriseeeedthinstrartone Golden Its imperative for chleren to acquire strong moral shang ee d . * A good manager can make a busines proftable wie WAU i Cw) stirespecing the ofthe wert ; A values B ethics C rights 4» Theyoung poet said that he got his from F STEINBACH, EMILY You're @ Winners the beauty of nature Congratustons on your BSc. Lots of ove from Mum and Dad he rit RAs and alte fly se His with money and power might i ‘made him a milionate, but he's not a happy man, é 5 . * In order to get ahead in the advertsing industry, one must havea song to succeed A ambtion 8B inspiration C obsession H PEACOCK - HOOD Itis with much happiness the 5.» King Aerts egn was one of peace and engagement is announced between Mr Brian + They say that he made his through good Peacock and Miss Barbara Hood. luck ane the help of influential acquaintances * In these days oF economic decine, ovining more than ‘one vehicle is considered A luxury B prosperity fortune b. Which of the above celebrations have you attended? Were you the person celebrating or 10 Were you invited as a guest to the occasion?D career success inst Look at the following factors which may be important for career success. Tick (/) a ‘maximum of threein each group which you consider absolutely necessary. ‘socal background financial backing influential acquaintances ‘well-rounded education relevant experience qualifications supportive family experience of other cultures * positive image popularity among colleagues sensitivity to others’ feelings team spirit competitive sprit ability to delegate © willingness to compromise having contact with superiors ambition determination resilience powers af intuition persistence enjoy challenges attractive appearance charisma. selFmotivation natural talent ruthlessness abilty to seize opportunities foresight b. Compare your choices with a partner, saying in what situations you feel that the factors you ticked can play a vital part. ‘A: tfyYoware ina profession that involves dealing with people, a postive image can make them lite you and trust you 8: know what youmean. "ve ako ticked popularity ‘because if you are popular in the workplace, «colleagues are glad to help you or work with you. Read the short biography of Steve Jobs below. Which of the qualities in Ex. da did he have? Which didn’t he have? Steven Paul Jobs was born in California, USA, on February 24, 1955. In 1974 he dropped out of college to work as avideo game designer. His aim was to save enough money to go to India and ‘experience Buddhism, Back in the US in the autumn of 1974, Jobs went into business with his highschool friend Stephen Wozniak. Jobs understood that computers would appeal to a broad audience. Although he had long, unkempt hair and dressed casually he managed to obtain finance for his first marketable computer, the Apple Il, in 1977. Apple Ine. was formed and met with immediate success. Seven years later, Jobs introduced the Macintosh computer ina briliantly choreographed demonstration that he gave himself. However, the sales of the first Maes were disappointing, This led to tensions in the company, and in 1985 he resigned. In 1986, Jobs bought Pixar Animation Studios. Over the following decade he built Pixar into a large corporation that, among other achievements, produced the frst full-length film to be completely computer-animated, Toy Stor, in 1995, In late 1996, Apple, saddled by huge financial losses and con the verge of collapse, asked Jobs to come back. He accepted, and quickly engineered an award-winning advertising campaign that urged customers to. "think dlferent” and buy Macintoshes. In 1998, he introduced the iMac, an egg-shaped computer that offered high-speed processing at a reasonable price. It was an instant success Steve Jobs hacl saved his company and, in the process, re- «established himsetf as a master high-technology marketer. dd. Which of the qualities from Ex. 4a do you believe you have? Tell your partner. D Words often Confused 5 Underline the correct word. 1. The idea for a computersed house had first been considered as far beyond / before /- behind / back as the late 50s, 2. For the purpose / object / aim / intention of managing your finances, hiring an accountant is money well-spert 3. Situated direct / precise / right / exact beside the lake, the villa has gone on sale for £750,000 4 The in-house requlations happen / occur / apply / agree to all employees, regardless of status 5. Ajob advertisement for a programmer gripped / caught 1 seized / struck his ee, and he decded to apply. 6 For a 10-year-old car, itis in excelent state / form / presentation / condition, 11Language Focus 12 > 6 Collocations a. Tick (V) the boxes in the table to form collocations. Think of at least two more phrases for each verb. ‘the right to davhave sth experience a salary one’s > 7 'b. Now use some of the collocations in their correct form to complete the sentences below. 1. The heavyweight champion ‘ver his opponent in the last round of the match, 2 She went to work in the restaurant to asa chef 3. Although he's incredibly wealthy now, when he fist ‘ame to this country he asa dish washer. 4) He's very well paid for his freelance writing but he also from the bookshop where he works 5. she asa tough businesswoman by sticking to her principles ‘and never backing down from the competition Fixed Phrases (phrases with on) a. Match the fixed phrases with their meanings. on the ofchance working onsecond thoughts [2] justincase on awtim [315) tueto belt Imvatiidee [a=] ‘inpusvey on prince [EIC} after econsderation ‘on one’s own [ET] intentionally on target as plonned on duty ELD onyit on purpose [SE independertiy on condition that with a limited amount cof money b. Now, use fixed phrases to fill in the gaps in the sentences, 1. 'don’t think there is @ vacancy in the company at the moment, but you could ring my boss onthe of chance 2 | think til take Sarah to a fancy restaurant for her birthday. let's have a suprise party at home, 3. Chris owns a line of successful boutiques in the UK and beleve it or not, she manages them completely 4 We're pleased to annaunce that our proposed sales figures for the year are right 5 Fd love to go to the house-warming party with you but !m and really can't afford a gift D Phrasal verbs Appendix 1 Match the verbs with the particles to form phrasal verbs and use them in the correct tense to complete the sentences below. Then explain the poe verbs in your own words 10 Cowa a can wear Her employers persistent enthusiasm for the new scheme her resistance to it. A trainee his superior’s orders quickly and efficiently, The minister with the ceremony despite the noise from the back of the church ‘At a very young age she determined what her career ‘goals were and set out to them Unfortunately, the difficulties he was having at work into his personal ie. After the shock of being made head manager slowly «James went about settling the difficulties between members of his staff. As the day the graduate became more and more excited about the upcoming ceremony. The champion runner liked to joke that he ‘vera hundred pairs of trainers before he won hs title To everyone's disbelief, the Jamaicans the trophy in the men’s bob-sledding event I'm sure you'l get the postion. Now stop pacing or you'll the polish on the floor!’Idioms a. Match items from the two columns to make idioms. in pairs, guess what the idioms might mean. Do you have similar idioms in your language? [2] have the word a seventh heaven [J] bein the Joneses F] be a feather © inone'scap F] have one's 4. atone’ feet | cep on © show =] keep up with tothe bone F] ub sb up the 9 wptothetop [1] steal the fh inthe clouds TJ work one’s fingers i top of tings [} work one'sway ———j wrong way b. Now, rewrite the sentences below using one of the idioms from Ex. 9a 41 Due to the success of her latest CD, the number of ‘cpportunities open tothe young diva ar limitless. ue tothe sucess of her latest CO, the young diva has the world at her feet. 2. My grandfather, who was @ poor farmer, laboured night and day to send his children to univers. 3 Nowadays, people are so busy competing with ‘those around them that they forget to enjoy life 4 His abiity to contol the goings-on in the large company made him a fantastic manager. 5 Over the years, Sue has steadily improved her ‘asian in the lw firm, Giving and Responding to News a. Unjumble the coloured words to complete the cartoon caption below. elapsed to inform you that you t your promotion, but | rerteg to form you that we're bankrupt. b. What other phrases for giving good and bad news can you think of? 11 (@) Listen to four short extracts. Match the extracts '85 you hear them with the situations. ‘A. Promotion Btrect 1 2 8 Marriage exract2 CC Mutiole births eet} D_ Postponing a Date owas (B) Listen again and tick the phrases that you hear. Giving News Responding to Good News + Tmafraid ve got somebad | + You cant be serous! news. + Who'd have ever thought! ‘regret to inform you that. | © |can‘t believe this! © Wow! That's fantastic * You'l never guess Congratulations! + Ihate to tell you this, but. |» You're joking! * You're never going to That’ incredble! belive this, but ‘© That’ very good news You can't imagine what indeed! happened then! ‘© Ihave wonderful news for Reece san Pi © Ohno! + tmpkasesoinfomyou |* Tetstebldowtr ‘that am + ob what pi ‘© There's bit ofa problem. + don't like to be the bearer cof bad news, but © Oh, my. That's ashame ‘Which of the phrases are formal and which are informal? 4d. Look at the phrases from Ex. 11b again. With a partner, act out dialogues similar to the ones you heard in Ex. 11a, giving and responding to news. Base your dialogues on some of the following situations. + passing/failing an examination * losingfwinning a match/competition * adisastrous holiday * meeting an old friend you had lost touch with * reading about someone you know in the newspaper + damaging/losing something getting a job * being promoted/fired + getting into university ‘Imatraid ve got some bad news. (Oh, no. Whats the matter? 1'¥ejust got my chemistry exam results, and fve failed. ‘Oh, whata pty. And you workedso hard forit. etc ae ee 1314 1 Task 2 Listening -Part 4 ‘Multiple Matching Task . With a partner, talk about a special moment in your life when you felt very happy. * How old were you? ‘+ What was the situation? ‘© Who was with you? How did they feel? Now listen to five people talking about special “moments in their lives and do the following two tasks. STRATEGY POINT ‘Take advantage of the time you have to look at the Questions before you have to listen to the recording, This wil help you predict the themes ofthe listening extracts ‘Both tasks 1 and 2 are based on the same extracts. Concentrate on Task 1 in the frst itening and on Task in the second listening ‘There are three items in each task that don't match with any of the extracts Task 1 For questions 1-5, match the extracts as you hear them with the people, listed A-H, A Anuse 1 B Alawyer © A school leaver B D A fitness instructor E Ateacher B FA sibling "i G Apensioner H Anactor E For questions 6-10, match the extracts as you hear them with the topics, listed AH. Cuistening 2 @ You wi hear a radio news report about ‘Google’, a popular internet search engine. Before you listen, look at questions 1 - 9 ani pairs try to predict what kind of information ‘might be needed to complete the gaps. art 1 ((B) Now listen to the report. For questions 1-9, fill ‘the gaps with the missing information. wa STRATEGY POINT * This partis 2 monologue. + Youwill need between 1 and 3 words far each gap. * Your answers must fit grammatically with the rest of the sentence ‘+ ead through the exercise before you listen. The sentence: stems contain information that you will hear in the listening text, but the information is worded ferent, To fill in the gaps comectl, be alert for information Contained inthe stems, but ina pataphrased form. ‘Google's success is such that the brand name has become a fi For its success, Google relied on [2 which isa particulary old fashioned way to market a product. ‘Google is naw the offi search engine for top global ‘The professor mentioned by the reporter used the word ‘googling’ to indicate that, rather then being involved in serious [& he was|ust browsing He was searching the ina relaxed manner looking for tings to interest him Temajaryo[5._] use Goa o search the Net The brand name has become so widely used tat itis sometimes spelt without its [7 ] The ver to google’ terally means searching for whats of se to you through a vst quantty of [B ‘Google’ is a vaiant speling of ‘ogo aterm invented bya ‘matheratician’s [9 J several decades ago, A Getting aod i B Publishing a book © Watching a play iF D Passing an exam E Watching a prie-giving [8 F Having a baby G Fishing university Hi Climbing a mountain fi In pairs, think of other situations where the people in Task 1 could fee! the same way. © Have you ever used Google? What do you think Of it? Tell your partner. d. What other famous and very successful products do you know of? Why do you think they're successful? Discuss in pairs.' Speaking - Part 2: Compare, Contrast & Speculate ) Achievements <> 3 Look at the photographs below. Compare and contrast two or three of them, saying what kind of success is portrayed in each one and who you think might be feeling the happiest. You have about 1 minute to do this. b, Who do you think may have worked the hardest to achieve success? ) Celebrations Cap Now look at the two pictures of birthdays ‘Compare and contrast the pictures, saying what differences there are between the two ‘occasions and what each birthday means to the person celebrating, Useful language: Comparing Both pictures show + Inboth pictures the people are + Both pictures were taken © The main conectionsmilarty between these picuresis that Contrasting # The fist picture shows ohn whereas the second one ture on the lft... ihereas in the other one * The mainimoststiking difference between the two pictures + There ae several dferences between the pictures: fist, Speculating + They couldimightimay be + They seervappear to be * I supposelassumeimagine that + Itcould/nightimay be that | © tcan'tbe surecertan, but perhaps * Although I can't be sure, perhaps <= d. How do you think each celebration might develop? 4, Listen to two candidates doing the speaking ‘tasks above and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: * grammar and vocabulary « discourse management * pronunciation * interactive communication Everyday English Responding to news 5 _Inpairs quess and say what the other speaker says. a Typical! d Good for her. b Alright for some. Lucky you © Poor you! ‘Av Imsomy but your computer cant be fixed. 8: Typical 1516 Reading * Get the gist fist by looking at the Remember: * Options which sound a lot like ‘You are going to read an article about happiness. Before you read, in pairs discuss the following, 1 Are the people of your generation generally happier or unhappier than your parents’ generation? 2 Look at the title and introduction to the article. What do you think the writers answer to his ‘question will be? Read quickly through and check title and reading the text quickly Read the questions and question stems (the actual questions, not the four choices) Read the text carefully and Underline the parts which are relevant to the questions. Choose an answer to each question the text (e.g. ones that use words that also appear in the tert) are usually wrong, Some wrong options may be generally true, but they don't answer the question or they are rot true according to the text Some wro nearly com options are very , apart from one ‘word (eg. an adverb lke ‘never’ Now read the passage and answer the questions (1-6). ‘What can be inferred about National Smile Week? A B Re D Its organisers cid not expect it to succeed It seems to have annoyed some. people. it was largely unsuccessful twas not ambitious enough 3 Why do we _ feel bad? We've tried shopping and New Age cures, making money and spending it We're still miserable. What’s missing from our lives? Did you notice an outbreak of joviality and generosity last week? Peopl ‘beaming at you as they let you go ahead in the bus queue, grinning as the shared your morning traffic jam, smirking through the quarterly budge planning meeting? No? The organisers of National Smile Week will be do All their efforts to perk us up for at least seven days have run, it the sand of our collective scepticism. Four out of ten of us think become worse in the past five years. Two million of us are on anti depressants; only a minority of us think ‘people can be trusted most of th time’. Mix in some road/air/office/phone rage, a rise in reported ineivili and a good dose of political apathy and the gloom looks even starker We're a wretched lot. All this when average house prices have just blasted through th £100,000 mark, when life expectancy continues to lengthen, mortality rate Which of the following is implied in the second paragraph? A People are getting stinger. B People ae getting less polte People are arguing more about politics People are working longer hous. What is the writer referring to when he says the palace] can be beamed into our ving rooms’? (I, 29-30) A advertising 8 over-work © poles D- depression ‘An increase in earnings fails to make most people happier because A their expenses ae incredibly high, B_ they realise that's not where happiness les there is always someone who earns more. D_ they don't have financial problems.are dropping and more than a third of young people enjoy what was once the elite privilege of higher education. We are healthy, wealthy and wise, Yet we've never felt so bad. If we seem like a nation of ingrates it may be because all the goodies that are supposed to make us happy don’t do it for us any more — even if we have yet to wake up to the fact. So, your house is worth half a million. Karl Marx, who for all his faults knew a bit about capitalism, captured the keeping-up-with-the-Joneses dynamic of market ‘A house may be large or small; as ibouring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all the social requirements of a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace and the little house shrinks to a hut” With mass media, the palace doesn't have to be next door ~ it can be beamed into our living rooms. Money doesn't make most of us happy any more. Poor people, understandably, see their life satisfaction rise with income but for most of the population in a country as, affluent as ours, any jump-start to well-being from a pay rise quickly wears off. ‘I was window-shopping in the South of France recently and 1 saw a diamond-studded ‘woolly hat, and I quite fancied it’ When we get to that stage we should realise that more money isn’t getting us much more in terms of happiness. Harrods is currently carrying a pair of shoes priced at a cool million ~ imagine itsomebody stepped on your foot. But what about health? Surely the virtual elimination of most fatal diseases, rising life expectancy and falling mortality should be cheering us up? Not a bit of it. All that happens is that our expectations rise just as or even 5 According to the writer, improvements in health care ‘A. made no difference to the public's mood, ‘every count, but this doesn't translate into our fecling any healthier. We are more aware of our health, so we more anxious about it. Medicine has become a victim death in childbirth, for example, people are now shoc! if a life is lost - and reach for a lawyer. Death wa ‘unavoidable - now itis unacceptable Like the answer to many great problems, however, ‘answer to the question of happiness may be quite ‘once countries and households are free of material ne the biggest contributor to life satisfaction seems to be & healthy set of personal relationships. The relative happiness of late teenagers and those passing middle age ‘may relate to their spending more time on friendships. 60) ‘The thirtysomethings, fighting on the two fronts of work ‘and children, are the most dejected, Those between full- time education and retirement may be spending more ‘time on the activities they think will make them happy ‘earning and spending - than on those that actually spending time with friends and family. ‘This friend-shaped gap explains the American parada why the residents of the richest nation in the world are so glum - according to Professor Robert E. Lane at Ys University. “There is a kind of famine of warm interpersonal relations, of easy-to-reach neighbours, encircling, inclusive memberships, and of solid family life,” he says. ‘The secret of happiness? Not money. So leave the lawn, forget your investments and call in sick tomorrow. 75 Do yourself a favour. Phone a friend. a D Text analysis B_alliated some health worres 4, What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in © cirectly led to increased anxiety, only caused complex legal isues 6 On average, people in their early thirties ‘A have more friends B have happier mariages. Care better-educated D. face more problems. © Vocabulary Practice 3 a. Find at least three words or phrases which are synonyms for the word ‘miserable’ b. Explain the highlighted words. the text? Discuss in pairs. © Discussion 55 a. The author believes that friends make you happy. How far do you agree with this? Discuss in pairs aiving reasons, Read lines 7 to 9. (Fourout...ime). These statements are based on the results of a survey conducted to see how happy people in Britain are. What do you think the findings of a similar survey would be in your country? Discuss in groups. Make a list of the five most important things which make you feel happy. Compare your list to your partner's. Which three are the most popular among the class? 1718 1 2 Gerund/Infinitive Se Grammar Reference a, Rewrite the following sentences using a gerund, as in the example, 1. Ittakes her ages to put on her make-up, Putting on her make-up takes her ages. 2 Its nearly impossible for me to-do two things at the same time. 3. Itiswery frustrating for her to have to deal with such a problem on a Friday afternoon, 4 it makes me feel really happy to see old people holding hands. b. Now, answer these questions in the two ways shown above. 1. What takes you a long time? 2 What is nearly impossible for you? 3. What makes you feel realy happy? a. Fill in the prepositions which usually follow these phrases, Use a dictionary if you wish. en 8 tocompensate tseampinentsh 9 tobe uly be aed 10 tobecbsexed (ews 11 toconit tobe ineked 12 toobet ay 13 topes ieieied 14 tobe b. Now write a sentence for each phrase, using a gerund after the preposition. | strongly disapprove of teenagers returning home after 12. @. Match these phrasal verbs with their meanings, —_y— a A. @ 1 trot any vga 6 start eat 3 Bodkout © sop tying rei 4 ion s cntoun Gt pens |e nese tome | 'b, Rewrite the following sentences using the phrasal verbs in Ex. 3a, Use gerunds where possible. 1. He's been a stamp collector since he was five. Hetookup stamp collecting wien he was five. lighored the street noise and continued studying, Lets think ofall the places where you might have leftit She couldn't 99 on holiday with her parents so they bought her a car instead. really need you to support me at the meeting | stopped trying to get my husband to do housework years ago. Fill the gaps in the following sentences using the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in the Parentheses, 1 enjoy (live) in Spain, but | do miss (go) out with my friends. 2 We agreed (meet) by the river at o'clock, but they never showed up. 3 Frank failed (complete) the course ‘and so he wil have to retake it. 4 | suggested but Helen said she didn't fancy (wait) n a queve. 5 lean’t really afford year 6 Martha practised daily, but she seemed progress. 7 Much as 1 dread dentist, | don't think | can avoid (sit) him this time. 8 She certainly mentioned (see) Mark, but | don't remember her (talk) about Vicky, (G0) to the cinema, (buy) a car this (play) the piano (make) litle (go) to the Use the verbs below in their infinitive or -ing form to complete the six rules for achieving success. ‘respect * focus * gain * improve imagine + concentrate Try veo What OUT life willbe ike once you have accomplished your aim. Build up your motivation evs by nn» YOU diet. You should always don't get cstracted, You need to evens in your if wove OM the job at hand, + Control over the everydayEnglish in Use - Part 1 6 Youwill read a text on unusual ways to celebrate birthdays. 7 STRATEGY POINT SPT cahase tha ates he + fod the wl tert fit to gt eso is thee) and aueston eae + Contes mean, arressand fm 1 Waar ofacivtessremertondinte are? — | + Style is important; a very formal word is unlikely to ft in an informal passage and vice versa 2 Doyou think the writer i an adventurous person? 3 How would you describe the tone ofthis article? why? b. Now read the article again and decide which Word is best for each space Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special ogcasion? Well, the 1)... of options open to Todi youngster ~or even oldster for that mater, isa far ery from the traditional party or restaurant visit. No longer iit 2) Sufficient to invite your frends round, buy some food and 3)... baker to produce a cake, No today’ istay boy org is looking for something out of the ordinary, ranging from the 4) nu expensive tothe downright dangerous. Anything 5) oe 8 ong asi is unusual and impressive. Top ofthis year’s popular 6) sn. are as follows: taking some friend rally driving, helicopter lessons, plane trip and Parachuting and hot air ballooning. Then, there is 7) ....... group bungee jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach- churning, white water rafting 8)... down rapids. The desire for adventurous celebration is not restricted to the 9) 10)... the milestone of eighty by having a flying lesson, Of course, if you have the money the world is your oyster. A well-heeled relation of mine flew fifty of his friends to a Caribbean island to mark the passing of his half century. Unfortunately I was only @ 11) ‘Undoubtedly, the more traditional forms of celebration do continue to 12) .. among us. However, with my own half century 13)... atthe Eiffel Tower. Ican 14) - Trrecently met an octogenarian who celebrated relation, the less extravagant or less adventurous (on the horizon I would not say no to a weekend in Paris and a meal .~- dream. Perhaps by the time I’m eighty Ill be able to afford it. re] | 1 A scale B degree € range D variance 2 A hoped B decided © marked D considered 3A make B get C let © want | 4 A perfectly B dearly € outrageously D explicitly | 5 A goes B comes C wins D takes 6 A experiments B extravagances exposures D expenses 7 Aever B ahvays © more D instead 8 A travel B voyage € ride D crossing 9A adolescents B teenagers € youth D young 10 A attaining B arriving € getting D reaching 11 A distant B remote € faraway D slight 12 A pacify B distract € absorb D satisfy 13. A appearing B looming darkening D showing 14 A however B but c D nevertheless anyway 7 Find words or phrases in the text above which are similar in meaning to the following. 1. very different from 4 an important event 7) approaching 2. unusual 5 there sno limit 8 | would ike 3 fhightening 6 wealthy 9 itsimpossible for me 1920 8 Put wellin front of the verbs in the list, then use them to complete the sentences. Which of the ‘brought up * documented.» spoken * thought of © known travelled © mannered 1” She knows a great deal about diferent cultures. She's extremely 2 You must have read his books. He's a very author 3 He was a quiet, pleasant, young, 4 Her parents had done a marvellous job with her. She was vey 5 You can introduce him to anyone and he won't let you down, He's externely 6 Everybody respects him in the community. He's very 7 You can find out everthing about the development of the internet. t's very Why didn’t you stop when I waved at you, Miss? that way. an ve) Error Correction D Word Formation verbs listed best completes the caption? Q a. Complete the following sentences with words formed from the noun alarm We had to call the doctor. Her temperature was high He's always spreading rumours that we're going bankrupt. He's areal Her exam resuits are quite had any problems at home? | was rather 50 came straight over. Has she by the message you left Complete the following sentences with words formed from the verb. impress. 1 tt was an Performance by Henman, ‘Who now looks set to win the tournament. 2 He found the art exhibition rather , saying that he had expected to see more artists from abroad, 3 Jeremy was by Shona's display Of anger; afterall, he was used to her losing her temper 4 He was anxious to make a good ‘his fiance's parents, so he wore a white shirt and ati 5 Tony is only 16 and he is easily influenced by those around bim; he's a rather young man 10 178 of the 10 sentences that follow there isan unnecessary word. Find the unnecessary words and write them in the spaces provided. The unnecessary words in these sentences could be: * prepositions © quantifies » auxiliary verbs ® adverbs Not much of planning has been done yet for my graduation party The teacher was being determined ni {really tked the things she had had to say about my recent painting, My grandfather just died in World War i Her ability to write was sharpened much after she took a writing course Often, the consultant will be able to advise you on issues which are not work-related, ‘When we got home, we were shocked to find that the puppies had disappeared £0 mistake her new students for her old ones from lat yea, {Fad talked wth my fat mate an she sai she had no problem if you wanted to stay for coupe of cays, He has come to the conclusion ofthat he must go back to university and finish his degre if he wants to get a better job "plan on doing many things with all my life before | settle down and have children(English in Use - Part 5 11 In this section of the English in Use paper you have to fillin a gapped text by transferring information from another text of a different style. a. Look at the two letters below. How are they ‘connected? Which one is formal? b. Making sure that the style is appropriate, Underline the correct phrases in letter B. A Dear Jen, Just a few ines to eay Ive heard trom Maynard's School and they've chosen me for a second interview! Ive got. to get there for 10 on Tuesday and I'm having the Interview in the Head's office. The Head of Department is going to be there too. After this Til be getting a look round the school. Sounds great! They'll let. me know if Ive got the Job 2s 900n a9 they can > probably next week. Fingers crossed See you at the weekend, Mandy B Dear Miss Trueman, ‘You have 1) been selected / been picked out for a second interview which will 2) be held / come about in the Head Teacher's office at 10.00 am on Tuesday, 9th March. In addition to the Head Teacher, the Head of Department will also 3) come along / be present. Following the interview we invite you to 4) look ‘around | tour the school premises to see the children in their working environment. You will be informed of the outcome in §) due ‘course /a week or so. Ifyou are successful you would be expected to take up the position at the beginning of | May, following a two-day induction session We look forward to seeing you again on 9th March. ‘Yours sincerely, — 12 . What differences do you notice between the ‘wo letters in the following areas? * lexis (e.g. choose vs. select) © grammar (e.9. you have been selected vs. they've chosen me) Now read the following letter and use the information in this text to complete the gaps in the formal letter. Use no more than two words for each ‘gap. The words you need do not occur in the informal letter. Dear Jen, You wor't believe thial Ive just heard | got the job | applied for at Maynard's school. ls that fantastic! Theyre going to fill me in on everything on Monday 6th my ard Ill meet: the otatf at break. They really liked application ard | dd well In the interviews. They shirk Im going to really help the school Ag well a5 my timetabled teaching, Im going to be working with the Head of Department. on the admin comected with the altferert courses. This should take up about a third of my time. They eay lovely things about mel Il be joining a group of teachers whove been together for years 60 ( defrively be the new girl on the block! , im 90 excited My feet haven't touched the ground since | got the letter. Wish me luck le ove, Mandy Dear Miss Trueman, We have great pleasure in 1). vn that you join have 2) ne in your application to the teaching staff at Maynard's School. Your 3) session js to be held at 9.15 on the ‘morning of 6th May and you wll 4) to the staff at breaktime that day Let me say how 5) we were with your application and interview; we feel that you will be a very SONG 6) tothe school. ‘We should like your work to inelude 7) the Head of Department in his organisation, planning and running of the various courses we offer. This would be % .. commitment and Once aga look 10). to your own teaching should 9) of your time, , please accept our congratulations and we forward to your strengthening an already team of teachers, approximately 30% Yours sincerely, 2122 \A Formal letters are writen for a variety of reasons - e.g a to present information, to make an application, to recommend ‘someone or something, to complain, to apologise, ete. Informal letters are written for similar reasons but are usually writen to people you know, The main difference between formal and informal letters is the language that you use In all cases, itis essential that the style of the leter is appropriate forthe target reader. Aletter should contain: ‘*Anintroduction in which the reason for writing is clearly stated. In formal letters, itis often necessary to state who you are. ‘© A main body in which the task is covered according to the instructions given. Each different issue should be Giscussed in a separate paragraph. You usualy begin each main body paragraph with a topic sentence Examples and/or explanations are then added in supporting sentences * A conclusion in which you restate the main points of the letter and/or state an opinion, For formal letter, any ‘action you want taken should be clearly stated at the end of the letter. n informal eters, you usually end by sending your wishes and perhaps asking the other Person to write back D vocabulary a Use the phrases given to fillin the gaps in the sentences below, as in the example. ‘take issue with * in addition to this ‘tis concemed * voice my concern about ‘ expressed the opinion that * with regard to * views contained. which appeared in 1 I would also like to tae ssuewith the statement made by your journalist that the students of the college are to blame for this situation 2 Lamwting to complain about the article yesterday's issue of your newspaper 3. Lamuiting to the proposed changes to the education system in the district. 4 The in your report were extreme and unfounded, 5. The writer the project was a failure, 6 you should Consider the enormous progress that has been made 7 the effect 1 the public | feel that this will be considerable 8 As aras the committee they have done everything in their power to see that this unfortunate event is not repeated b. Look at the situations below and, for each one, imagine that you have to write a letter showing your objection. Use the phrases above to suggest sentences that would be suitable. ‘A You have just seen a TV documentary which was very ctitical of your home town, B_ You have recently heard that the college where you study English is planning to increase its fees ©The government has announced plans to close down the only remaining hospital in your town, D_ The local authorties have recently released plans to build a new office complex on fields near your home E You recently read an artide accusing people in your country of not caring about the environment, D Understanding the Rubric Part One of the CAE writing paper is a compulsory veriting task which is based on reading input. It is important that you follow the instructions carefully and use the information you are given. Read the rubric and reading input below, paying careful attention to the underlined words and phrases. The English cass that you belong to recently studied the ance below, which was taken from an international students’ magazine. After a discussion, ‘many members of your lass disagreed with the points ‘that have been made. You felt that the comments in theatce did nat apoy to your county Your teacher has asked you, as class representative, to ‘wits tothe editor of the magazine, explaining why vou fel the aril is inaccurate ‘Write your letter (approximately 250 words). Everything's just perfect, thanks! Ie seems that there are alot more contented people nowadays. According 0 the results of our recent survey, people the world over are happy with their lives. Look at what else we discovered: © 9 out of 10 people said they were happy withthe level of education available to them. © Over three quarters of those who responded are happy With thei jobs. ‘The majority of people are happy with city life Although they would not say no to more money, most people claim that they have enough to lve comforabhy ‘© Public transport is, people say, excellent.Now tick (7) the appropriate boxes in the statements below. a You should write: a formal etter []_an informal ietter [7] b_ tis going to be read by. someone you know [_] someone you don’t know [—} € Your reason for wtng sto: present information [_] make an application (] recommend someone or something [_] complain (—] apologise L) d__In order to follow the instructions you should write & letter agreeing [] disagreeing [] with the artice in the reading input € Tick the boxes below to show which of the points are suitable for inclusion in ths eter. Give reasons. * We do not feel that most people are happy with their fives * |, for one, am very unhappy with my ife © think your survey is abi lie. * Many people in my country have complaints about the education system. © Most of us are happy with our jobs. * Assignificant percentage of us would move if we could * Lack of money is among the most commonly reported complaints. * Our public transport system is seriously under-funded and our roads are heavily congested O00 00 o00o0 o D Analysing the Model 3 Read the model on the right and use the words/ phrases to fill in the gaps. Suggest alternatives which could be used in their place. Then answer the questions that follow. ‘furthermore secondly « finally * to conclude «in fact » frst of all with reference to 1. Does the introduction clearly state the reason for verting? What other information i included in the first paragraph? 2 ~ Does the fist sentence of each main body paragraph leary state the topic ofthat paragraph? = How does the writer support each of these sentences? ~ Which point(s) from the reading input does the writer «address in each paragraph? 3 How does the writer conclude the letter? Dear Sir/Madam, 1am writing 1) the article entitled ‘everything's just perfect, thanks!” which appeared in the june issue of your magazine. Following a discussion of the article in our English class, 1 have been chosen to express our disagreement with some of the views contained in the article 2) é , we find it difficult to believe that such a large number of people are satisfied with the education system and with their working conditions. This is certainly not the case here, where mary people have complaints about the poor standards of education. 3).. lack of job satisfaction is known to be among the Greatest couses of stress in this country. ees , it certainly is not true that ‘most people are happy with public transport, either in our cities or in the country. 5) ‘ one of the most commonly heard complaints is that there are insufficient buses and trains to serve an ever-increasing population. It is a wellknown fact that our public transport system is seriously under- funded and our roads are heavily congested. And, as far as city life is concerned, a_ significant percentage would move if they had the opportunity, 6) nnesnennnennaninn WE feel it is unrealistic: of you to claim that most people have enough money to live on, Were this so, we would have none of the financial problems faced by most people and widespread poverty would not be an issue. lee , we found your article to be extremely inaccurate’ in its. assessment of living conditions. since your magazine claims to represent students from all over the world, we look forward to reading more objective reporting in future issues. Yours faithfully, ‘Mark Wiseman p 4. How strongly does the writer feel about the paints he ‘makes? Find examples of words or phrases which helped you to decide. Then suggest how the leter could have been written more or less forcefully 5 Complete te following sentences using ideas of your own, + find it difficult to belive that + It cenainy is not true that + itis a wellknown fact that + fee! itis unrealistic 23= Formal and Informal Style How formal your letter needs to be depends on the target reader and the eason or unig, t's very important to maintain the same level of formaity throughout your letter (in other words, you should not mix very formal expressions with very informal nes) Stdy the guides. Formal syle incudes + sophisticated vocabulary «impersonal tone «mere Fequent se of the passive voice. # complex grammatical constructions * formal inking devices » advanced vocabulary Informal style includes * colloquial (spoken) and idiomatic English * personal tone/ direct address « less frequent use of the passive voice « less ‘complex grammatical constructions + simple linking devices ‘less advanced vocabulary # contractions 4. Look at the formal expressions on the left, which have all been taken from the model. Match them with their less formal equivalents, I 1 Lam wating @ sayhow much {disagree l Sea tg ise on ened 3) Wwe find it difficult to ¢ I thought I'd drop you a bere tht ie 4. express my disagreement 5 seriously under-funded everyone knows which was called a e 6 inaccurate f somany 7. asignifcant percentage g_ it can’t be right that 8 itis awel-known fact h wrong 9. opportunity {doesn’t have enough 10 entitled money ' Mee | 24 Read the sentences below and say whether they are formal or informal. Then suggest who the target reader might be. 1 Itis a well-known fact that the schools seriously under- funded, 2 In the article which was called ‘A National Disgrace’, the information was wrong. 3 Alot of people would do this if they had the chance. 4 tcan'tbe right that so many people believe this 5 | am writing to express my disagreement with the opinions in last night's Agenda’ on BBC2. , Now, using phrases from Ex. 4, and making other necessary changes, re-write the sentences ina different style. Discuss the effects that the different styles would have on the readers. D ‘onic and Supporting sentences 6 . Read the following paragraphs and say whether ‘each one contains an explanation, an example, of both. Then think of an appropriate topic sentence for each one. The first one has been done for you. To begin with, there i pressing ned for renovation work tobe | Beginnings and Endings Cr FORMAL LETTERS Remember that formal letters begin and end with either: Dear Si/Madam, > Yours faithfully, or Dear Mifhirs/Ms Smith, -» Yours sincerely, Al formal eters begin with the eason for wing - 9. fam wring request. /infryou../ complain about /apdogiso pp fr etc Inadtion, you can indude one or more ofthe following * wh you are—e 9. 1am iting onbealofmy Engl. * a eference to someting you have Seen or read ~ 6.9. lam nagin ‘eponsetoyouraic nat Tuesdoy isu of duction News. * details of place, time, people spoken to, etc, €9. ile | was attending the seminarsforstudentson th ay Depending onthe reason for writing, letters can end with one or mor ofthe folowing + A summary ofthe main body * reiteration ofthe reason for writing A reassurance + Areference to future action + An expression of gratitude Match the beginnings and the en below and identify the techniques which have been included. Then say which etter: * is informal * isto newspaper + is applying fora job A Deat Mr Wooster, 1am writing in my capacity as secretary of the college social club to say how concerned ‘we were to read about the decisions taken at the committee meeting held on the fourth of last month, B Dear Mark, | am writing to let you know about a marvellous ‘opportunity that | have heard about and that | think is exactly what you're looking for aaeenianiaaaitaniiscicilaasib tae © Dear SirMadam, | am vititing to ex Press my interest in the Position of part-time library assistant that | saw advertised in your newsletter dated 13th June INFORMAL LETTERS Informal letters usually begin and end with fist names in the following way: Dear John, -* Lots of love, Susan Dear Margaret -> Take care and write soon, Bil Informal letters can begin withthe reason for writing, eg. | thought I would write to let you know about this fantastic new course that’ being offered. Alternatively, they can begin with an informal greeting, eg. How areyou doing? The closing comment depends on the content of the letter -€.9, Write soon and et me know what you think / Why don't you giveitaty?/ etc 1 ‘As I've said, this really is too good a chance to let slip by. I honestly don’t think it will be very difficult for you ofall people to qualify. So why not give ita go? Wirite and let me know how you get on. Say hello to everyone for me, Lots of love, sil 2 hope that you will consider me for the post. | enclose a copy of my CV, together with two letters ‘of reference. | look forward to hearing from you and having the opportunity to discuss this matter further Yours faithfully, hole doue Kate Lowe | trust you will give this is, ue your urgent Consideration and will take the opinions of the students into account. Thanking you in anticipation for your cooperation on this matter. Memon Yours sincerely, Graham Wiseman 2526 i yA cca eeen- ion sacortantod Ps ISCUSS wr S programme about the town where you ne You U. found the information in the programme badly represented the area and you have decided to write to the programme producers in order to complain Q _ Read the rubrics and underline the key information, Then answer the questions that follow. ‘Write your letter to the produces. (approx. 250 words) A A friend of yours recently sent you the article below ‘along with a short note. You feel very strongly about the content of the article and have decided to follow Whatdo you have tn wie? your fiend’s suggestion and write to the ector of the Who ate the target readers? magazine which published the artic How formal does your writing need to be? How will you begin and end your letter? ‘What information wil you include in the main body? Think of appropriate topic sentences for your main an boty Read the original article and the extract from your fliend’s letter Then, using the information provided, vite: a) a letter to the magazine editor expressing your pinion (approximately 200 words) by letter to your friend, teling him or her what you have done (approximately 50 words) 10 Using the information you have learned in this unt, write one of the tasks you discussed above. IT’S A STUDENT’S LIFE by English in Action writer, James Faraday ‘They live off other people's money. They don't even know the meaning ofthe word ‘work’, And they contribute nothing at allt society. Who am [talking about? Students of couse As far as Iam concerned, today’s students ae lazy, "unproductive individuals who do nothing but sit around all day listening to CDs and spending their parents’ hard- eared money. Then, when thats all gone, they turn to the taxpayer to support them in their ives of luxury. 1 ‘wouldn't mind, but they dare to complain that they are ‘overworked and that they suffer from stress. All can say is that they are going to have a shock when they finally enter the real world, Then they'l realise what work and stress really meu, 1m sure you'l agree with me that this article is a bit hard on us students. Why don’t you write a letter to the editor of English in Action and put him straight? I'd do it myself but I'm revising for exams (Something that the writer of this article would not believel). Anyway, 'm sure you'd do a better job than me. Let me know if you decide to do it1 Lead-in ‘a, What does the title of the unit mean? In what sense is each picture an escape? What might the people be escaping from? b. Do you ever feel the need to escape from one or more of the following? How do you do it? Discuss in pairs. ‘ ctyhillage life * famiy/fiends * routine ‘schoolwork » the weather a. Complete the questionnaire below and compare your answers to your partner's, adding details. ‘What isan ideal night out for you? (Tick more than one item if you wish ) [1 Dinner ata restaurant = [] Clubbing Do bie concert theatre other When you stay in forthe evening, how do you relax? (Tick ‘more than one item if you wish.) ow i Cooking — ] Ratio [5 Video games [J Internet [2] Reading Cotte (On average, how much do you spend on entertainment per month? D tess than €20 Co ssi-ti00 ( #20- £50 11 more than £100 My deal night out would begin with dinner ata restaurant, then (B) Listen to a radio report about how people in ‘the UK responded to the questionnaire in Ex. 2a and complete the sentences People aged 2. The thea When staying ai aq nth on entertainment: ©. What do you think the results of a similar survey ‘would be in your country? Discuss in pairs. Have you ever been on any of the following types of holiday? ead backpacking * camping © hiking * package jony-trekking «sailing ‘sightseeing skiing touring With a partner, discuss: ‘© What might be the good and bad points o above at ways ca aust rather than refresh us? i onc? Pataphrase the following quotations. Which do you agree with? Why? Discuss in pairs ‘Some people, for the sake of getting a living, forget to live Margaret Fuller (US journalist & essays A perpetual holiday is 2 good working definition of hell George Bernard Shaw (Irish Gomatist and writer 2715 28 ir) 1 Youwillread an extract from an article on JR. Tolkien's The Lord ofthe Rings. What do you know about The Lord ‘ofthe Rings? Have you read the book or seen any of the films? What did you think of them? Discuss in pairs, 'b. Before you read, look at the title and the introduction to the article. Which expect the writer to agree with? Discuss in pairs. The book's style is very unusual for a 20th century novel Now read the article to check your answers. d. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow (1-7). oes Book of the Century A classic of our times or an escapist yarn? Although its popularity is unparalleled, some intellectuals dismiss The Lord of the Rings as boyish fantasy. Andrew O’Hehir defends Tolkien's ‘true myth’ as a ‘modern masterpiece, and attempts to discover the secret of its success. In January 1997, reporter Susan Jeffreys of the London Sunday Tomes informed a colleague that .R.R. Tolkien's epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings had been voted the greatest book of the 20th century in a readers’ poll conducted by Britains Channel 4 and the Waterstone's bookstore chain, Her colleague responded: "What? Has it? Oh dear. Dear oh dear oh dear. Attitudes in America are arguably more relaxed about this kind of thing, No one from the American educated clases expressed ‘much diay when a 1999 poll of American on-line bookshop Amazon.com customers chose The Lord of the Rings as the steatest book not merely of the century but of the milleanium, Tolkien's book is so deeply ingrained in popular culture, after all, that a great many of today’s American academies and. journalists probably stil have those dog-eared paperbacks they read avidly in eighth prade with their hallucinatory mid-1970s cover ar, stashed somewhere in the attic. Furthermore, members of the U.S. intelligentsia fully expect to hhave ther tastes ignored, if not openly derided, by the public at large. To some American intelletual it Seems ratifying, ven touching, that so many millions of readers will happily devour a work as complicated as The Lord of the Rings. Whatever one ‘may make of it, it's more challenging read than Gone With the Wind (ranner-up in the Amazon survey), not to mention Hany Powter and the Sorcerer's Stone (fitth place), Of the following statements do you Many academics think The Lord ofthe Rngs's an overrated novel TheLord ofthe Rings more realistic than other fantasy novels The reason why the book isso successful is hard to explain. Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lond of the Rings occupies an anconfortbl poston in 2h entry erature: Tlie ei poses ster chalengs to meer Heraure and is dcteoden (olken on his crs: “Some whe have end the books or at sy rate have reviewed it, have found i boring. absurd, contemptible; and Ihave no cause to complain sie | have. 4 sia opinions of their works oof the Hinds of wn he they evidently preter”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has espyed ‘massive and IEEE popularity. It would seem that Tolliors work supplied something that was mining song the fora WRMMERE cf 200 conrry Scion ometingtrchichcnnn 4 ‘were FAVES But what was it, and why was important? =a | 0Answering this question properly would probably require book rather than an article. But it seems that the erux of the ratter lies in Tolkien's wholehearted rejection of modernity ) and modernism, This is what so powerfully attracts some readers, and just as powerfully ERIS others. In his book L.R. Tolkien: Auhor of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this notion by arguing that Tolkien saw his realm of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the recovery of something 5 genuine that had become buried beneath AHIR ot fairytale and nursery rhyme. “However fanciful Tolkien's creation of Middle-earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely making it ‘up, He was ‘reconstructing’ he was harmonising contradictions it his source-exts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new ‘BHRGEPIB (ike hobbits), but he was also reaching back to an ‘imaginative world which he believed had once really existed, at east in collective imagination.” book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien's linguistic = he invented whole languages for his characters, es he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, at that he put the stor itself aside for months or years at a believing he could not continue until some quandary or tency in his invented realm had been resolved, But a’ immense intellect and erudition is not the source of sucess; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be litle more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to stem {rom his refusal to break from classial and traditional himself often spoke of his work a something ‘ound’ or » something whose existence was independent of m, I's wise to tread lightly inthis sort of interpretation, but it clear that he believed his work to be something given, mething revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond: case. AS a result, his details have the weight of reality, and otherwise, and becanse ofthis his great sweep of feels real as wel; you might say that his imaginary castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone. Other writers’ ‘worlds are made up. Tolkien's is inherited, 1 When The Lord ofthe Rings was voted the greatest book of the 20th century, ‘A. many Americans were annoyed. B some people didn't believe it © some people found the fact shocking. D American academics disagreed 2 Itisimplied in the second paragraph that The Lord ofthe Rings ‘A. ismore popula in the States than in the UK. B taught in many schools throughout the world Cis mainly appreciated by academics and journalists. Dis mostly read by schoolchildren. 3. What do we lean about Gone With the Wind? ‘A. ftwas once more popular than The Lod of the Rings. B Itisseen as more challenging than The Lord ofthe Rings. It was voted one place behind The Lord ofthe ings. D_Itismore touching than TheLordofthe Rings. ) What was Tolkien's reaction to citcism of The Lord ofthe Rings? A He felt it was unjustified 8 He wasn't bothered by it C He couldn't understand it D_Hepart agreed witht ‘According to Shippey, Tolkien believed that the world he described ‘A. was ful of unresolved contractions. B_ was completely accurate, historically. C_ was imaginative but not pure fantasy D_ was as incredible as his sources. Making up languages for The Lord ofthe Rings ‘A helped Tolkien to take the story forward. was more interesting to Tolkien than writing the story. C was sometimes rather frustrating for Tolkien resulted in lengthy interruptions to Tolkien's writing, ‘According to the writer of the article, the details in Tolkien's work A. ace sometimes rather difficult to follow. make the story seem more realistic _indude some modern elements, D_ canbe interpreted in many diferent ways, © Vocabulary Practice 2 Explain the highlighted words in the text. D Text Analysis 3 a, What does the writer mean by the underlined parts? Tolkien's book is so_deepy ingrained in out popular culture ... (1.12) 2.50 many milions of readers wil hapniy devour a work as complicated as. (20-21) 3. The book is abo deeohy grounded in Tolkien's linguistic expertise. (I. 54-55) It is wise to tread ght in this sort of interpretation en) . Read the first paragraph again and in pairs, act ‘out the dialogue between Susan Jeffreys and her colleague. ® Discussion What works of fiction have you read recently? What did you like or dislike about them? Discuss in pairs. 29)Language Focus How would you feel iyour bestfriend said he had tickets fora sold-out rock concert? B: Fantastic. be realy tried! ‘A: Would you like to see a film that was said to be the scariest film of al time? & Noway! Id be absolutly terfied, Weekend Pleasures . Tick (V) the boxes to form phrases. Can you think of one more phrase to go under each heading? 112. Undeine he corect word in th sentences oo ‘What kind of ‘escape’ are they related to? time to relax an L iteasy * ona ising tip * tothe cinema an orrline crossword * ona picnic # toa ock concert 2 soothing bath saa cece tickets for amatch * toamuseumiaaley —» toa fitness centre a an extravagant dinner | 1. After | was assigned my own personal (instructor, a party advisor, tutor, he showed me around the gym and explained how the equipment worked, es 2. The fishing (tent, hostel, lodge) was conveniently L a table for two located within walking distance of a welkstocked weekend break | lake 3 We enjoyed a lovely packed lunch inthe refreshing ». Discuss your weekend plans with your partner. (isolation, barrenness, solitude) of the fragrant wood A What have you planned forthe weekend? 4 The group opened their concert with a rousing 8: Im not sure buton Friday nigh thought might. (rendition, edition, translation) ofthe hit song that had made them famous. >» Pastimes 5 The fim was areal (clifshanger, blockbuster, box office hit)—it had the audience gasping in suspense. Underline the word which best completes each agt til the very end. sentence. To what pastime is each group of § After his 10-mile (pilgrimage, trek, voyage) o words related? Can you add one more word? rugh terrain, John was glad to See the inn come ints eas 1 After missing an easy shot, the player threw her The (dean, curator, prefect) showed the visitors the ; re Ze Fourt i ee woe oe as new exhibits that had been donated to the ¥e spends hours in his (camera / dark zoom (lens) permanent collection tripod) every evening developing roll of fim. ane Place your foot in the stirrup / bit / bri 8 We stood on the (platform, deck, stage) of the 3° Place you foot inthe (saddle /stirup/ bit / brie) liner ast pulled avy from the per and swing your othe leg over the horse's back ii 4 Because of her fear of heights and the swinging b. How would you feel? Read the examples, then Motion of the seats, Linda has never been Use the language box to discuss in pairs about Persuaded to get on a (carousel / roller coaster / the activites in Ex. ta, big wheel / water side). 5. My grandmother is a fanatic about her favourite (documentary / chat show / soap opera / cartoon) = Expressing Feelings Positive Negative she laughs and cries withthe actors as though they + Idbe realy pleased! © Tbe realy frightened! were real people. exciteddelghted boredldlsappointed © Be sure you drain the spinach inthe (whisk / grater / be over the moon! + be scared to death, saucepan / colander) before you spread it over the + Idbeon top ofthe world! «© rdbbe bored stiff. sheets of pastry + Idbeextemelythited! + tbe absolutely teri, a eee ey ae 30b. What do you ike doing in your spare time? Use it was really to see the terrible phrases from the language box to discuss in Poverty endured by people lving in the shanty town, pairs, as in the example. 3» Its quite a(n) book, ‘ot quite relaxing enough for bedtime reading, = Preferences + After the seven-hour — Negative climb, the mountaineers were absolutely exhausted. © Totellyou the truth, Ithink! © I don’t like skating at all. © HFyou're not up to strenuous sports, try ain) prefer stamp collecting to like skiing far better. actiney ihe geniolwelkrig. Bate a! eer Ge telly Red * To reach safety, the sunivors were faced with the * Personally ke reading iy interest. fd much 2 rans ier than ecg TV Fata tie thas fifty-mile trek through uncharted jungle, + Onbolance, td preferto + tmatraid pottery isn't my Dare eee a Tanto it ree otis paler ‘make it unsuitable for snorkeling without a wetsuit rather than pay the piano. sculpting heat CT ‘+ Given the choice, 'dsooner + don’t think fd fancy that ‘we enjoyed our sleigh-ride enormous. watch a video than go to However, embroidery might biclias hail the race track very wet and slippery. © If the weather remains t'm going to plant my garden at the end of the week. the cinema, be ice. ‘A: What do you like doing in your spare time? 8: Personally like. What about you? ‘A: I dont thinktd fancy thot However. tc 52. Study the theory box. Then fil in the gaps with ‘an appropriate adverb from the theory box. D Build Up your Word Power Wat aces Ga be rade ae enphae by using adverbs with them, e.g. really/very good, ‘absolutelytotally amazing. Some adverbs collocate with both gradable and non-gradable adjectives, really good/amazing. However, not all adverbs 4 The adjectives below have been grouped in order of increasing intensity. Use them to complete the sets ‘of sentences which follow. Use each adjective only = and adjectives collocate, e.g. very/really interesting, Not sotalynterating, silent which one would be most suitable for a student. Speaking - Part 4 You have about 4 minutes to do this. Geusers 88, Discuss the following questions together. agree with you eee A ——— VV STRATEGY POINT partner, but make sure that you demonstrate your ability to + ake seyou cand ou aan yo aves | ee oe ras ys Ne tell the examiners nathing about your abit, | ‘Support your statements with reasons and exan Do not worry if you ca Talk about your own experiences whenever they are relevant. | | The eamines are not assessing your ideas or your bees, | but your command of Engish. Dont be ara to say what | you thik 1. What is your favourite way to relax? 2. How diffcutisit to find time for yourself? ‘Some people say that a change is as good as a rest. How far do you agree? 4. Is it always a good thing to be able to forget your problems? 5 How do you think entertainment will change over next 50 years? 5, Listen to two candidates doing the speaking tasks in Exs. 3 & 4 and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: + grammar and vocabulary + discourse management ‘pronunciation « interactive communication > Everyday English * Responding to news Useful language: Expressing your thoughts + nm ewoniion + mincned to beeve that E What thinks + Mycpionvew that a In pairs guess and say what the other speaker says. a Once inabluemoon. d_ Every so often b Everynowandthen. e_ Hardly ever. Once ina while Useful language: Inviting a response A: Does heever wash his car? What do you think? 8: Onceina bluemoon, + Whats your feeing? What are your thoughts? © What’syourreacton? l 8 35Reading - Part 2 41 Youwill read an extract from an article about a hiking holiday in Tasmania. Before you read, discuss the following questions with a partner. 11 Where is Tasmania? What sort of scenery do you expect ti 2. Why would somebody choose to trav to see? and lonely 3. Look atthe ttle and introduction to \What do you thnk the focus of the article Read quickly and check, "If this isn't lonely enough for you,” a grizzled Tasmanian sheep farmer told me, pointing out towards some desolate and windswept alpine scrub, "ry the Twisted Lakes. You can have as much solitude as you want round there,” he ‘chortled. ht A few days later, when I made it to Cradle Mountain, 1 ‘could see what the farmer meant. Tasmania was at its most benign ~ brilliantly sunny, which apparently occurs here only one day in every 10. P'd left the main walking trail just a few hundred yards behind, and there I was, the only living soul in a pristine moorland, gazing into a startling ‘emptiness, A hiker’s paradise and pea 5 iy around to Tony Perrottet loses himself in Tasmania. b. Read the article. Seven paragraphs have been. removed. Choose which of the paragraphs given on the opposite page (A-H) fit into the gaps (1-7). There is one paragraph you do not need to use. trail wound upwards onto a highland plateau. That's Whe 1 found the Twisted Lakes ~ a trio of moss-fringed tars looking as deliberately arranged as a Japanese garden. As I took my skinny dip, I realised why Tasmania is considered ‘ hiker's paradise by Australians. In the rest of the country you often have to travel for days to notice a change in landscape. g Ttwas early afternoon when the trail emerged on the flanks of Little Hor, the lower peak of Cradle Mountain. I had the choice of turning back or continuing in a wide loop around Dove Lake, which sparkled like black opal far below. Well, I thought cockily, how hard could it get? e is 36 Totooped at a rivulet to take a driak safe as Evian then stripped off my clothes and threw myself naked into a chilly lake, Nobody was going to disturb me here in my own Private valley ... not today, not tomorrow, maybe not even for another month, There are few places on earth where ‘you can keep your own company so easily as Tasmania — although when I first arrived in Cradle Mountain, I didn’t actually feel that alone. 'd spent the night before at a chaletstyle lodge with a gaggle of raucous Aussies on summer holidays, while Eagles songs played over and over on a perpetual loop. B ‘A park ranger, identifiable by a badge with a pink ‘Tasmanian devil on it, pointed out the route to the Twisted Lakes: “Just chuck a left at Hanson's Peak, mate. Not a soul up there." ‘Chucking a left” took me over a mountain ridge and into the void, Up above, bare granite peaks protruded like decaying teeth. Clusters of tiny scarlet flowers swayed in the bush. At one turn, I nearly tripped over a wombat. This shy, muscular, almost spherical creature scratched itself awake and lumbered off like a iature tank, smashing branches as it went. As the sun climbed, bathing the landscape in a dreamy warmth, the Finally, T recognised the path — heading down, down, straight down a blunt outcrop of stone called Bald Rock. I vaguely remembered the park ranger warning me about this. ("She's a tricky one," he'd smirked. "Take her slow.") From up above, the rock looked like a_ giant, slippery side. fe "We did this exact same hike Tast year,” the boyfriend confided merrily. "Started out perfect, just like today. By noon it was snowing." At this, the pair of them bounded down the rock face like mountain goats, "Don’t worry, you dingos,” the girlfriend shouted back, "it's not as bad as it looks." Of course, they were right. If you took it slowly, Bald Rock was a piece of cake. And at the bottom lay my Teward, a lake of Olympic-pool proportions just begging for the ultimate mountain swim, 7 "Survive thai lot, cobber?” he asked cheery. "No worries, mate,” I said, getting into the Tassie rhythm. "If that's not fonely enough for you," he said, "try the southwestern forests ..” I cut him off as fast as I eould: "No, no, that was plenty lonely enough" — and roared back to the busy alpine lodge for a little raucous banter by the fireside and a few Eagles songs.A ‘Two hours later, having crossed a temperate rainforest whose giant ferns looked like something from Jowney 10 the Centre ofthe Earth, 1 stumbled back to my car. It was neatly dark, and most visitors had left. But lounging beside his Land Cruiser was my old mate the park ranger, just making sure that the stragglers returned safely from the wilderness, B To myrelie, a team of four Aussie bushwalkers suddenly appeared on the trail and joined me in contemplation of the view, Itwas easy to identify the couple from Tasmania they were the ones who, even on this hot and cloudless summer's day, carried full rain gear and thermal underwear in their packs. € When I woke up the next morning, the countryside w. swathed in a chilly, pea-soup mist, But by the time Vd finished breakfast, the sky had transformed into a dome of cloudless blue ~ an invitation to explore, D But then the landscape changed again. The sil became dir, the sun brighter, the heat blistering, My water was runing low. The trek was starting to fel like an out-take from Beau Geste. And was leven going the right way? E It's far from virgin, however. Walkers on the trail past Hanson's Peak have engraved a relatively clean path on the bushy terrain, | was tempted to use it myself, but only for a moment. The temptation of attempting to reach the Peak itself was too powerful. It would take some serious climbing, but the sun was stil high, and the potential reward for bothering to unpack my climbing gear far too teat ro ignore. F could teste the isolation inthe air. The Tasmanian wind having drifted thousands of miles across the Indian Ocean, isthe purest on the planet. Alpine lakes littered like dark pearls in the sun, Mountain ridges continued into the horizon, row after row, ad infinitum. G _Luosn't sure if this was a recommendation or a warning Tn Australia's enormous island state, solitary bushwalkers sill oceasionally disappear never to be seen again. The farmer was talking about Cradle Mountain-Lake, St Clair National Park, more than 1,200 square km of mountain wilderness on the rim of Tasmania's highlands. 1 resolved to go, But there, wild mountain vistas are broken at every turn by delicate natural set pieces. Ail around me the gnarled bushes were like bonsai; the granite around them glistened almost white, as if sandblasted clean. And not ‘soul in sight. STRATEGY POINT (Quickly read through the gapped text to get @ general idea (of what itis about. Read through the gapped text again, focusing on one gap, at a time. Look carefully at the parzaraphs that come before and after each gap. Read the jumbled paragraphs, Ty to find the one that fis the gap, Look for discourse markers (reference words, time words, linkers) as well as for general cohesion and coherence. ‘When you decide on a paragraph, quickly read the part of the text from the paragraph before it to the end of the paragraph after it to check that it fis You can always move-on and return toa gap later. Be prepared to change your answers if necessary Remember that there is one paragraph that will not fit in the text at al 2. Look at the text again. Underline the parts of the text that helped you decide on the missing paragraphs. Then compare with a partner. © Vocabulary Practice 3 Explain the highlighted words in the text. b. What are the highlighted words used to describe in the text? In pairs, decide what else they can be used to describe. Choose from the following. © dog * summer day * landscape « hillside ‘news ¢ floor + afternoon * feet ®D Tet analysis 4. a What does the writer mean by the underlined phrases in the text? Discuss in pairs b. Find at least five words or phrases in the passage connected with the idea of being alone. = Discussion Would you enjoy such a holiday? Why/Why not? Discuss in pairs. b. Read again and act out dialogues between + the writer and the park ranget « the writer and the other hikers. In pairs, make a brochure advertising Tasmania1 38 Present tenses Grammar Reference a. Read the following and comment on the use of the present tenses in the underlined parts. One has been done for you. 1 thik Jeson is inthe garden. He is bulding a shed Preentcotnuous becouse te action stoking place tthe time the sentence ispoken Steve ous around the late every evening In morthwestSctland summer temperatures rarely se above 16°C The vlan jumos fom behind the curtan and attacks Bond with a koe {mmeeting Mr Houghton at six o'clock Hs fight fakes off at 11.45 You'eahuays complaining Tourism iinceasng in thé area 9 He has just finished work on his new book. 10 have been to America twice, 11 Her eyes are red because she's been crying. 12. Shetseen studying nonstop freight hous b. Write three sentences talking about irritating habits of people you know. © Write three sentences about things which are changing in your ‘town or country. With which tenses are the following time expressions normally used? Categorise them, then make sentences to show their function. (Some time expressions are used with more than one tense.) ‘ wsually © at present + nowadays * every other week « already ‘since * how long » lately «so far « regularly « for ® just ® right now Present Simple Present Continuous usualy Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Fran usually goes to work by bus. 3 Look at the headlines. In pairs, make sentences using present tenses that could form part of the text of the article that follows each headline. | BETTER SPORTS FACILITIES Things ore improving for sports fans! The ‘number of basketball cours inthe ity has ‘<_ Whose opinion do you agree with most: Carol's ‘or Peter's? Discuss in groups. 60 Listening - Part 2 2. @ Youwill hear part of a radio talk about laughter. Before you listen, ook atthe gaps 1 to 8 and try to predict the missing words. Now listen to the talk and complete the notes. ‘You will only hear the talk once. Reasons: + reaction to humour (less than [1 of cases) + partof [2 Differences between men and women: ‘Women + smile more + Use laughter to estabish Men + laugh more loudly * use laughter to show [4 Health benefits: reduces ‘+ blood pressure “6 pain increases ability to fight [6 children: ‘may suffer fom ack of laughter due to being U in spate time '» laughter helps children to ~ form emotional ties ~ lean fB = grow more mature ©. Inpairs, discuss what makes you laugh.Speaking - Part 2: Compare, Contrast & Speculate People Alone Gucci a. Look at the photographs below. Compare and contrast el two or three of them, saying what the people in the photographs might be feeling and why. Useful language: Speculating about People's Feelings feeling from histher face thats ‘+ He'sShes probably feeling quite * Hehe appears to be * elooks a ifhelshe is Gusenty Which person can you identify with most? People Together degt 8 a. Now look at the two photographs below. Compare and contrast the photographs, saying how important the members of the group are to each other. b. Which of the two groups have a greater influence on the lives of their members? ¢;) Listen to two candidates doing the speaking tasks above and compare their performance to that of your classmates. ‘Assess your classmates in terms of: * grammar and vocabulary * discourse management * pronunciation * interactive communication Everyday English Encouraging the speaker to continue In pairs, guess and say what the other speaker says, a Thenis dso? b Goon, e And...2 © Ohno! And then A: his coat and slammed the door shi, B: Then what? 61Reading 1 You are going to read an extract from an article about confidence building. Look at the introduction to the article and in groups discuss the following, © Who is this article aimed at? * How important do you think confidence is in our lives? ‘+ Why do you think some people suffer fom a lack of fidence? 2 @ Lookat the titles of the four sections of the article. What kind of confidence-building exercises do you imagine will be described? Discuss in pairs, then scan the text and see if your guesses were correct. Reading — Parts 4 b. Now read the article. For questions 1 - 20 choose from the answers A -D. ‘A 30-Second Commercal _€ Lett Flow 8 Tell People’s Stories D_Be Your Own Hero Which exercise ‘aids comprehension between individuals? + requires repetition to be beneficial? m3 * canbe done on your own? Boon 5 involves acting aut a situation in two diferent ? 6 * helps you to understand how others see you? az * involves recalling postive ernotions? 8 # requires you to write something? 9 + invaves imagining a future situation? 10 ‘+s particularly useful traning for social situations? ATs 12 ‘helps you to help someone else? B * involves imitating someone else's behaviour? 4 * involves not saying certain things? WB oon 16 ‘© |S helpful for people who feel they are not noticed? v7 © canbe entertaining? 8 requires you to connect a feeling with a physical source? 19 * involves recaling a past failure? 20 © Vocabulary Practice 3 Explain the highlighted phrases in the text. A First impressions last. Whether we like it or not this phrase is largely true. What this exercise docs is allow you to be in control of those first assumptions and judgements that other people make, It can, if done wel, give you the Power to be in contol. It generally takes a stranger 30-seconds to come to long lasting conclusions about another person, By creating a 30- second commercial about yourself you will not only become more selfaware, you will ao see the kind of impact you make on others and how you can change iti you need to You will need 5 minutes, a pen and a blank piece of Paper. Within those 5 minutes try to think of, and list, all your best atributes and qualities. Aim to get actoss those traits that you fel really define you and set you apart from other people. Your next task is to put allthis information into a presentation, or advert, of exactly 30 seconds. You can do this in front of the mirror oc with a close frend. I you found yourself wandering randomly through the notes that you had put down then you should maybe look at getting a clearer impression of yourself. This may not come naturally, but it ean be worked at. Itis worth practising the 30-Second commercial until selfdoubt has CAE Avoid phrases like “OK, ‘rly good’ and ‘t think others see me as..." Try to look up rather than down and sive that all important smile, Ideally you want to be able to focus on your merits rather than any weaknesses. ‘This will come: in handy when, at a party lets say, someone asks you what you do for living. I you have 1 selfassured, upbeat answer then whoever you are talking to ‘ill gta good impression of you B_ Tell People’s Stories Do you sometimes feel thatthe world carries on around you while barely acknowledging your existence? One ofthe ‘common causes of depression and a lack of confidence is based on the fecting that our lives are of tle consequence to those around us, Ths exercise is excellent ifyou want to rnise someone's seltesteem without them realising tha’ ‘what you are doing. This isnot to say that after you have ® Text analysis 4 Explain the bold parts in your own words, 1. Aim to get across those traits that ..really define you and set you apart from other people. (A, | 14-16)Confidence Lab Are you lacking in confidence? Do you feel powerless, stressed and anxious when faced with a challenge? Everybody could do with a bit more confidence, in one or more areas of their lives ‘Try these confidence-building exercises and you'll see the difference in weeks. 5 i done it once you cannot repeat it It wll till work even when they know what you are doing. In pairs, one person asks the other person thei story ‘This can be specifi. For example ‘What did you do today? “Tell me about your father’, ‘How was schoo” or even “How do you fee”. The person listening has to do just that isten Do not try and find a point in the conversation that i going to be an opening for you to stat telling your own story For example when the ‘storyteller’ says something like ‘T have had an awful day’ do not jumpin with ‘You've had a bad day let me tell you about my day..’After the ‘stonteller’ has finished, the listener should then ‘tepor’ their story hack to them. It is amazing how this exercise can give people an cnormous feeling of worth and belonging, It is particularly ‘00d for relationships; getting couples to understand and communicate with each other. It can be a very powerful experience, especially ifthe ‘stonteller’ has spent most of thei fe not being hear. C Let it Flow Every one of us has, at some point in our lives, felt ike we tuled the world, and itis possible to tap" into that fecling whenever you want All you have to do is remember a moment when you were supremely confident. It doesn't matter where you were oF what you were doing Once you have got the sensation of confidence then close your eyes and start to let that feeling increase. Now picture where you would like to carry this confidence with you. Ths maybe toa party, a public speaking situation, plying sport, job interview or just everyday living. Picture yourself in this situation, then start to increase that feeling of confidence even more: Physically feel where the sensation of confidence is ‘coming from. I it rom your stomach, your head, your hands? ‘Now start to throw this sensation around your body, running ffom your head to your feet and back up again. Increase the feeling even more. You may want to start counting from 110 10, musing the feeling of confidence in your body with each umber. Now you are overflowing with confidence, and about to explode, What do you do? Ths isthe clever part. What you Do you sometimes feel that the world carries on around, you while barely acknowledging your existence? (8, | 1-2) Everyone of us has. felt ike we ruled the world (C,| 1-2) ‘nced to do is think of an ‘anchor’. The anchor is a physical gesture — anything from punching the air to giving your thigh pinch, ‘You should perform this anchor when you are at the point 25 of ‘maximum confidence’. You should follow this process a few times to getithe:hang’of it as well as make it more fective. What it will enable you 10 do is to trigger off that fecling of confidence whenever you want. So ifyoU are going into an interview and need a boost of confidence it could 30 simply bea case of pinching your thigh and bingo - in you go ready to conquer the world D Be your Own Hero Apar from being alot off this is a chance for people to rehearse undeveloped ability and fulfil their potential. You will need at least 2 people to perform tis exercise Try to think of someone who has characteristics that you admire or wish you had. Your hero may be real, fictional, ead oF alive. Think why you admire them. What are the specific qualities that you loop? Imagine how your hero might behave on avery simple level, for example how might they walk round a room. Try 10 and emulate them, Once you have established how your hero snoves tink of a phrase that your hero might iy Take on the persona of your ero and have a chat wth somebody. What would your hero say and how would they behave? Next think ofa seenario from the past that did not go as wel as you would have liked, for example a problem you experienced at work or at home, a struggle with leaming or mosivation ‘Working with a friend, play out the scenario as you remember it happening, including the negative outcome. What would you have liked to do diferently? Reenact the situation but 20 thistime as your hero. Focus on the superior human cuales that your character has, and lt them dicate your reactions Was the outcome postive thi time? Iso, enjoy the feeling of release 25 well 25 success. Then ask yourself whether you were just acting as your hero or if you were uncovering hidden atibutes in your own personaly. You will sce that making a change is ot so dificult, an that by acting as our heroes we can become more lie them. eee ed na w 5 In groups, discuss how successful you think the confidence-building exercises described in the article would be Discussion 6364 The Past tenses es Grammar Reference Underline the correct tense, then identify them. 1 When | was younger I always cycled / was always cycling to work 2 He had been working / was working for the company for eight years when joined 3 Alan had already gone /already went by the time I got to his house 4 took / was taking a shower when suddenly all the lights went out Complete the sentences. He had been driving She let They were ha He had called ‘She dld't know Jane was heading for 9 lunch Use the adverbs to make negative sentences using past tenses. * before * until * last © ago * for She didn't make the beds until the kids had leftfor schoo. 4 Continue the story. D Used to’ and ‘Be used to’ 5 a. Select A or B according to the stem sentence. 1 | used to eat alt of chocolate; A giving up was certainly not easy BI normally have around 6 bars a dy 2 Imused to getting up eatly, ‘A. these days, however, Im never up before 9 B_ I don't mind getting a 7am flight b. Which of the two stem. sentences refers to a past habit, ‘and which to something the writer is accustomed to? D> ‘Would’ for past events < 6 2 Which of the underlined parts in the following sentences are incorrect? Why? 11 When | was a little boy, my dad would take me on fishing tps, 2. Myarandmother would live in a small cottage in the countryside 3° There was an alder boy at school who would bully the ‘other children 4 When | was young, it would be very dificult to get a job, b. Rewrite the incorrect sentences. ‘Complete the following sentences using the words in bold along with your own words. ‘1 When was a chi, Jused to pay by the riverside but the river i polluted now. (used to) 2 and tell me stories about the various countries he had been to, (would) when there was aloud shriek from the garden. (sitting) 4 the children were alteady asleep. (by the time) 5. When I started playing the guitar, John (elready been) | don't mind working nightshifts. am used) 7 tttook me over three months (get used) Using the structures in the exercises above, talk about your life when you were at primary school, Discuss * your daily routine * your habits * happy memories When Iwasa primary school my mother used to wake me and my ser up at 730 evey Error Correction 11 a. Each of the following sentences contains an Unnecessary auxiliary verb. Underline them. 1. It-was some time before she cid let them in 2 He graduated in June 1987 and he had started work here in September the same yeat. 3° She said something which was sounded lke @ threat, and | didn’t appreciate it. b. Each of the following sentences contains an unnecessary pronoun. Underline them, 1. The person | most admire is someone | haven't known him for very long, 2. The person who he held this post before me had a reputation for poor timekeeping and he had been reprimanded several times 3. Heinsisted that the car it had been sold, but | was certain it hadn't. Each of the following sentences contains an Unnecessary relative pronoun. Underline them, 1) Those of you who attended the Friday seminar who are quite lucky, since those who didn't will have to do so on Sunday 2 Paris, which also known as the city of light, is @ place Where many modem jazz musicians come from, 3 Fran's excuse which was quite sily; nobody could believe that her assistant, who has worked here for 20 years, could have made such a stupid mistake, 66 English in Use ~Part 3 ~ Unnecessary words 12. In most of the lines in the following text, there is an unnecessary word For questions 1-16, find the unnecessary words and write them on the lines provided. if you think a line contains no unnecessary words, put z tick (V) next to it. eee EE SS C7 STRATEGY POINT This is the second of the two possible formats of the CAE ertor correction exercise (Paper 3, Part 3). Apart from the mistakes you found in Ex. 11, some other mistakes might involve * articles: Knowing he had arrived safely made me the happier quantifiers al, some’, ‘many’ etc): Outof2¢ members all 19 voted for Robson, ‘prepositions: He phoned fo him toe him the news, ‘+ adverbs: By the time they gotto him, the old man had completely ced ‘What is a true friend? in the reality there are very few { about. There & no shortage of acquaintances, who you may meet them at some function or who are friends of friends and with whom you have 2 keenly superficial relationship. You may ave been taken an ‘occasional coffee with an acquaintance and you discussed the weather or the most latest sports results, but ‘basically their life is @ closed book to you. A friend, on the other hand, is therefore someone whno shares your life ~ a5 the good times and the bad. A friend can bare his inner feelings to you, and will support you how unconditionally through thick and thin. A friend looks out over for you and guides. you away from the dangers of paths when you think are dear and bright ‘And that you can rely on a fiend to tell you the truth, even if its not always fully pleasant. There is no envy ‘and there ate no such hidden agendas. between friends, Tue fiends are hard to find, and are worth holding on to. They are worth more than gold.English in Use Part 2 13 Fill the gaps using one word. didn't pen al his works, 2are’s poetry and plays : - ‘ost read and studied inthe word ‘His ingly inexhaustible stream ated every ie pe rye ae generations af rites es theatre (The Globe) and 3) os en eee his masterpieces, and top actors consider playing such mighty roles 7) nour But Steen legacy isnot 8) sche poke t0 the Masse. 10) the surface he wrote forthe working dasses, --inteligent parodies and controversial political statements were included that 12)... ouch the upper clases He questoned sages were clear. Perhaps the main reason 14, For questions 1-15, select the most appropriate word (A, B, C or D) to complete each gap. PEER PRESSURE One of the 0) ..B... influences on children today is that of their peers. What their classmates think, how they dress and how they act in class and out of it 1) .......the behaviour of nearly every child at school. In their 2) some children 20 $03) vo. a 0 hide ther intelligence and ability in ease they are made 4) not to be different, ---of- Generally, children do not want to stand out from the 8) nv... They want to 8) con in, 10 be accepted. In psychological 7) ..... the importance of peer pressure cannot be overemphasised. There isa lot of evidence that it has great 8) soon on all aspects of children’s lives, from the clothes they wear, the ‘musi they listen to and their 9)... to study to their ambitions in life, their relationships and theit 10) .... of self-worth. However, as children grow Up into adolescents, individuality becomes more acceptable, 11) ven, and in theit 12) ..... for their own personal style, the teenager and soung adult will begin to experiment and be more willing to 13) ..... the risk of rejection by the group. Concern about intellectual prowess and ") good exam results can dominate as the atmosphere of competition develops and worries about the future 18) sau. any fears of appearing too brainy. hardest oA B strongest heaviest D fattest 1 A affect B result impress D vay 2 A actions B steps measures D efforts 3A long B distant Cc far D much 4 A joke 8 laugh fun D ridicule 5 A party B crowd Cc aide D band 6 A set B fall C get D ft 7 A terms B words C points D means 8 A sunning B bearing © meaning D standing 9A opinion B view C attitude D consideration 10 A reaction B sense impression D awareness M1 A desirable B bearable C tolerable D likeable 12 hunt B chase C course D search BA cry B oun ¢ bring D cope 14 A succeeding B__achieving C earning D winning 15 A overthrow = Boverfiow C overbalane =D override 6763 (CA antices are written for newspapers, magazines, newsletters, etc, and use a variety of styles, tn general, an article should contain * asuitable eye-catching title, folowed by an intioduction which makes the reader want to read more, Techniques for attracting the reader's attention inde using: + direct address (eg. Ifyou need help with your suis lok no further) + a rhetorical question (eg. How often cdo you tink about where our food comes rm?) + backoround information (eg. Jo recent months we have head ogeat dea about.) + Amain body in which you write about the main points inthe ubric + You should stat a new paragraph for each point. + Fach paragraph should becin with a topic sentence, followed by explanation) or example) +A conclusion, in which you can summarise the main points or restate your opinion The style of writing should be appropriate for the target reader (which in this case is determined by the type of publication. Most artes are a blend of ifferent types of writing. For example, an artide describing ajoumey you have made i dearly narrative. Howeves, descriptive writing will also be used to describe the seenen, ‘your felings, mosphere, et. Ifthe rubric ‘aso includes instructions to ... say whet you leaned from the experience, then you will need to use discursive wrting as well $s Interpreting the Rubric 4 Read the rubrics below, underline the key words and phrases and, for each one, discuss the questions that follow. A You have decided to write an article, to be sent to your college ‘newsletter in which you write your response to an announcement you hhave read. Read the announcement , below, as well as the notes you have made on the subject. Then, using this information, write your atide forthe newsletter. Your article should examine both sides ofthe issue and give views on the isues raised, Lonely - or just Alone? Living alone is certainly something which | Notes for article people have strong feelings about. Some | jn favour of ving alone people feet that itis the only way tolive and 4 jyee yo do what you want that it does you good. Others, however, are gachesyousel-eliance less enthusiastic, claiming that it is not healthy or natural. | can’t help thinking that both sides have got a point. What do you think? We'd like to read (and possibly publish) your articles on the subject. 8 ‘A youth magazine regularly features articles written by readers. You have decided to submit an article for a forthcoming special edition entitled ‘The Best of Friends’ n your artide, you should describe wat ualites you look for in a friend. You can, if you wish, mention ‘examples of people you know, © ‘A magazine for students of English has asked its readers to send in articles about an interesting or unusual experience they have had while they were with other family members. In your article, you should describe the experience in detail and say how it would have been diferent if it had happened when you were alone or with friends. Will you use mainly discursive, narrative or descriptive witing? \What is your reason for writing? ‘What points will you write about in your main body? ‘Who are the target readers? What style is appropriate? ‘What would be a suitable tile for your article? 2 Narrative Writing (A Narrative writing is used when wwe want rodescribe a series ofevents. This can bbe in the present (eg, describe what happens at a wedding in your country) or in the past, (eg. describe a wedding that you attended) ‘Characteristics of narrative writing include: * An introduction which sets the scene (eg Who or what ivwas invohed, where when or why the events happenfed), what hoppens/happened before the main events ete) + Correct use of tenses to link the main events (eg. Once the invitations hhave/had been sent out, the preparations begin/bege ‘+ Use of appropriate time words and phrases eg. when, once after etc) * Describing feelings (eg. Most people are usully very nervous at this point Terrted, opened the doo et) + Mentioning the senses (eg the repetitive beat of music could be head rom the ‘café next door the smell offeshycut flowers fils the room, ec)2. Read the rubric below, underline the key words/ phrases and answer the questions that follow. You belong to an fngish Club which publishes a monthly newsletter for its members. in the next issue, they will be printing articles from readers on the theme, ‘Going it Alone’. Write an article for the newsletter describing an experience you had when you were on your own and saying what was special about it What experience could you write about? How would you set the scene? Which tenses would you use? Suggest time words/phrases that you could use. Which expressions could you use to describe your feelings? 6 How could you include references to the senses? 1 2 5 4 5 D Analysing a Narrative Article 3. a Read the model and choose the most appropriate words/phrases in bold. } Going it Alone | When my friend, Gary, ancl 1) had first talked / were first J) talking about going to watch our local football club in an | important cup match, Gary had been as enthusiastic as 1 was | When the day 2) was coming / came, however, he was obviously | hvig second thoughts, but I was so excited about the prospect _ ofsecing my heroes play tat I decided to go alone | Thi ast turned out, was a good! move. 3) When / During | tutto the stadium, [found that there were very few seats left. | Witover an hour to go 4) while / before the sat of the match, {thought it might be worth trying to find somewhere to sit near the font, There, to my delight, was one solitary empty sea, tight behind the goal. As I sat there looking around at the colorfl banners and 5) listening / listened to the singing, 1 could help thinking how lucky 16) am / was. |) After | Once the kick-of, it was impossible not to get _ ‘aught up in th excitement especially when early on in the first tal the opponents had a goal disallowed. By half ime, with the score at 0-0, I was shaking with nerves. When we scored one minute from the end, everyone went wild. 8) Within seconds / Bythe time the final whistle blew, and a huge roar went up in tie crowd, I was so delighted that I had completely forgotten that was on my own, On te return journey, as I sat on the tain smiling happily to [> mel, can honestly say that nothing else mattered except that | ty team 9) had won /won and I had seen it with my own eyes. | Gary 10) was going to be / was being very jealous when I told | himall about itt ' 4 b, Number the points listed below in the order in which they appear in the model. Then say what ‘other information is given in each paragraph. Theretum home. [=] The match tse] \WhanWhat was involved, [=] Arriving atthe staium, [] Find examples of past tenses, time words/phrases, description of felings, references tothe senses ‘2, Match the situations (1-4) below to the feelings (a-d). Then make sentences, as in the example. 11 youhave some good news angry, furious l 2 3 4 L- you have some bad news sb does sth you don’t like you think sth bad might happen delighted, over the moon € nervous, apprehensive depressed, despondent 1b Whenwe heard that we had won, we were delighted. b. How could you use the senses (sight, hearing, etc) in the situations above? Use the prompts. * shouting * cheering * clapping * booing * laughter * loud crash « smell of burning * dark clouds « bright sunshine » shaking fists * angry stare * strange noise + jostling crowds * blistering heat cold rain The taxi driver started shouting and shaking his fist. Then there was aloud crash ‘a. Match items from the two columns to make sentences for a past tense description of an event. A By the time | twas not until the evening Hardly had we got inside the stadium when Had | known what was involved, | would never While | was getting ready, | Immediately afterwards, | felt Within seconds, we were Almost immediately, the organisers SoeeEEE 8 ‘a warm glow of happiness. ‘announced that the main ct had been cancelled oticed that the tickets were no longer in my rucksack surrounded by photographers, the heavens opened and we all got soaked. that things started to ven up able ‘got there, the service was nearly ove. have chosen to go there. 6970 6 _ Read the rubric below, underline the key words/ bb. Use the words in bold to write a description of ‘an event you attended, Include references to feelings and senses. D descriptive writing et ee \ A. alates contain some descriptive writing. You may have to describe people, places objects, changes, your feings etn your writing, you should use a variety of vocabulary, such as: ‘adjectives (e9.cn extraordinary mana picturesque vilage et) ‘adverbs eg. hurried packed a bag, we ran excitedly ete ‘verbs (eg. tocheer to whisper to dash, to gaze, to stroll ec) phrases and answer the questions that follow. ‘A magazine for English students is planning a feature entitled ersonalties ofthe Word. Readers hhave been asked to send articles about one famous ‘person who they think is suitable. Write your article describing the yrson and saying what it is that makes them a great personality 1. What do you have to include in your article? 2. Who could you write about? 3) What aspects of a person could make them a great personality? 4 Think about your target readers: what style of writing will they expect? 5 Suggest adjectives / adverbs / verbs you could use to describe the person 6 Apart from descriptive writing, what other typels) of ‘writing wil you use? Ss Analysing a Descriptive Article W ‘a. Read and compare the two models. Discuss which model: + has the most appropriate title + as the most interesting introduction is repetitve has the most clearly defined paragraphs contains relevant information has an appropriate style for the target readers is written from the perspective of a fan and is too subjective contains a variety of adjectives and adverbs has the most effective conclusion * is too short is football, One of my favourite favourite sports footbal : ion ra ein Hn BS wand Iwai him whenever T gt the chance ay a god pee Woy & Da the best? Fltell you : Beato sat wit, e's realy good ooking, A he is ove him and all the boys want wie ete: Ando play otal te wy Be doe WH airy y nes vey You should see the way BE € easy tee Kick, And he wears really col clothes 88 i a q te has mace mistakes swell When he Was snk oin th Word Capac aint Artin Be 2 ily stupid and England got i Tat stp isa. Een ase ih echen he did that and he los ot of fans forgave him nthe end ae fore ve ich man aw. He has is mae cna btotthngsand he ges ome money ct ie 9 thing is sod wh his name on, He ges a 10 of tine ang acwaland esas O01 tat thing 1 want wo sy that Twill abvays Beckham. He isthe greatest.b. Look back at model A and Q a. Read the rubric and the reading input below and underline the key find examples of: ‘words/phrases. * descriptive adjectives and adverbs © descriptive verbs * narrative writing * discursive witing Your college magazine has been running a regular column discussing the importance of relationships among students. The magazine has now asked for contributions from students who wish to give their own opinion. Read the extract from the latest article and the list of opinions that have been Covered, on which you have added your own notes. Then, using this oe glace the undetid wots information, write your own artic fr the magazin. iin each of the sentences below with those given. Then think of tt awsiree stator Pe hinted * depressed » polite ‘We have covered the subject from a lot *peeped « profitable of angles and now it is time for you to remarkably » tremendous ‘have your say. In next month's magazine we hope to print articles from students. 1 The manageris avery ne man. Jn your aricle, you should give your polite ‘arm, fiend courteous, opinions on the different arguments we pleasant et) have heard, So, whatever your opinion, 2. We hada very good day we wantto heart 3. Iwas feeling bad. Articles must reach us by 6th Feb. 4 The CDis great Good point 5 ttwas realy good. pe § kin te rom Opinions covered in recent issues He said that we should give Heaving good social i im some more money. wipe if san exellent ey cope No. Actes Pet should be © His up tthe P Explain wiy i 'P tothe dividual student to make friends this is wrong. ; c cine i D Discursive writing the college © Students should faces om ther tus — ir studies, not on *eationshipa For sefous arcs, you wil feed to use discursive writing (this is 'b, Look back at the rubric and write T(for true) or F (for false) next to eee chitin’ ot Rook! the statements below. Give reasons for your answers. sina formal lteor asa nth ype of writing, you ned to nude ing words and phases as wl as opens which ep you to Ean (es, one recon fr thi tat.) alse (ea onecxpectoisprolem inh.) (8 nesoluionwou ; \ pera emacennasts D Analysing a Discursive Article ROPE ct rpstenh or 10. Work in pairs. Read the underlined topic sentences in the model on serious than.) the next page and try to predict how each paragraph will continue. as eon te ther na ‘Scan the model and compare your answers. Discus wring an aso apea in ‘You should mention how having a good soca life can help with problems, ‘You should make your atid as light-hearted as possible. ‘You will use discursive writing in your atid. You should choose a ttle for your article You can use phases from the reading input without paraphrasing them, ‘You wil use mostly present tenses eee ses ite, vo wl 'b. Read the model and suggest alternatives to the words/phrases in need to bring down the level of abe? language c. Find examples in the model of explanation, suggestion and comparison. Then suggest an alternative beginning and ending, 71were 72 ‘There have been a wide variety of opinions in these pages over recent months on different aspects of student relationships. Although many ofthe arguments have been interesting, I firmly believe that some of them have missed the poi Firs of al, s fas Lam concerned, if students havea good social fife, then they wil find it easier to deal they may face with their studies. As we all know, talking to friends is often the best way of dealing with problems, Ths is particularly important for students who might be facing problems such as homesickness or depression. For this reason, students should be ‘encouraged to socialise as much as possible (On the subject of making friends, Ido not agree that should also take the initiative and ereate a variety of clubs and societies for students to join. In this way, students would at least have choice over how much they wanted to socialise Finally, totally disagree with the viewpoint that students should be made to concentrate exclusively on their studies. While i ‘rue that obtaining their degree is very important, there is more to student life than just books. In other words, students should have aceess tothe full range of activities — academic, cultural and social ~that are available to them. To sum up, relationships ate an important part of college life. I is sometimes hard to adapt to college life and it ean be a lonely and unsettling time. This is why I feel strongly that college authorities should do everything in their power to make sure that students are given as much help as possible. Discuss ty 11 Look at the writing tasks below and, for each one, answer the questions that follow. A You ate on the welfare committee of your college and have been asked by the Ree ee einen Wied wich era ean tae OE Feared tiem ea oes maa college prospectus, on which you have made some notes, and some of the ‘Comments from students Seas aia ee ta a eee tide. © Thanks a milion forthe advice Free you gave me about my course (and confidential) j The Student Welfare ‘work ~ L might have failed my - = first yar fit hadn't heen for Memo || © Round-the-dack emergency you. Could you write an article to goin the | telephone helpine | ‘+ {was very homesick when | callege newsletter t's basically jst to | fist came here. The welfare remind students that we're here and tote | *_‘Welisten —whatever your | cople helped alot them what we do, s0 we need ito be hac | he counsel | poke 0 informative and friendly (we want students + Bipert advice aways avaible | i about my recent health scare to feel they can come to us with their le y problems). Take a look at tome ofthe PrN | was very srnpathei comments we have received ~ they might jive you some ideas. Pee es Covers emotional, health and Traoks financial problems ‘© haven't used the help-line (s0 ‘ar') but it's good to know it's ‘A magazine for students of English is planning a feature on friendship, and readers have been asked to send in articles describing the relationship that they have with one of their friends. You have decided to write an article. Describe your fiendship, saying what its about the person that you lke, 1s this mainly discursive, descriptive or narrative writing? 2 Who are the target readers? 3. How formalfnformal does your writing need to be? 412. Using the information yo 4. What ttle will you give your article? How could you attract the readers have learned tn this “unt attention with your beginning? ‘ halereattheusteta 5 What information must you include in the main body? heciced WEE 6 What would be a suitable way to end your article?{| look at the title of the unit. What does it mean? How are the pictures related to it? 2. & Match the following newspaper headlines with the pictures above, Schools Report: Truancy Up by 20% b. Work in groups. * What do you imagine the content of each news report to be? * Which do you consider to be the most serious? A: Report will probably deal withthe curent situation in Kenya —howlong since itlastrained etc. 8 —_Yes,itmight also say which areas ae the most affected ‘and how many people are likely to fel the effects. Ithinkit might also suggest ways to make the situation better like (4). Listen to four people answering the question ‘Whats your community’ greatest problem?’ and match the people to the problems they mention and the solutions they suggest. ‘unemployment alternative methods of fighting ime Sarah Chamberlain J] social establishment of aon a dbslorganistions Lesteton invasion ot AS harher aw, nore cdvena Kennegy J \_prvecy pice ‘retraining schemes, b. Do you agree with the solutions these people suggest? Why (not)? Discuss in pairs. © What is the most pressing problem in your community? What can the state, the local authorities and the public do to help solve it? Tell your partner 4, Paraphrase the quotations below. Which do you agree with most? Why? Discuss in pairs. "What makes equality such a difficult subject is that we only want it with our superiors Henry Beaue (French dramatist) “Crime and bad lives ate the measure ofa state's failures! HG. Wells (British novel 7374 41 You are going to read a passage about ways in which the authorities monitor citizens’ movements. Look at the title and the headings of the passage. Why are they in the first person? Who is speaking? What kind of atmosphere is the writer trying to create? Discuss in pairs. b. Look at the two statements below. Which one do you agree with more? Tell your partner. "If you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to Sear. In fact, 1 feel safe in the knowledge that somebody is keeping an eye on those criminals." "Lfeel very uncomfortable knowing that somebody who doesn’t know me is watching where | go for lunch and what 1 buy at the supermarket. Today they're watching for crime, but tomorrow they might be watching everything.” The following words and phrases appear in the passage. How do you think they will be related to the theme of the passage? Discuss with a Partner, then scan the passage to see if you were right. * anonymity and privacy * football hooligans * number plate recognition » databases * mobile phone network * electronic card transactions 4d. For questions 1-14, choose from the answers A-E, Of which surveillance method or device is the following true? Face recognition software ‘Automatic number plate recagrition Tratficmaster ‘Mobile phone location data Cash machine usage & electronic cash transaction data mone> 1 Itoften makes mistakes, 2 _temight be used for commercial purposes in the future. 3. Itknows the exact place a person is when he/she Uses it 4 Ithas already contributed significantly to fighting crime. 5. Existing law does not allow the government to access its data 6 Iris more precise in densely populated areas. 7 Itties to trace a pre-determined numberof suspects, 8 It compares the data it collects to other general data. 9 ts accuracy is subject to natural elements. __ enjoy relative The police and authorities are technology to keep a clo watch on our every mo S.A. Mathieson looks AS you go about your business today, you may think: ‘anonymity and privacy. Not so. In fact, "virtual curtains are twitching as never before. Along with firm Visionics’ software to cameras covering one shopping and this year will extend the system to its fifth. With the recognition software, Newham has decreased crime rate relative to other boroughs, achieving a dramatic drop in st robberies and burglaries. valid and whether or not to contact the police. Business is BORMINB. Visionics has tried the system with ‘atch list of known football hooligans - at @ West Ham match against Manchester United in January last year, Other local authorities are also considering the system, Which costs from £15,000 to scan a single camera feed and uses standard surveillance cameras. 10. It returns data which is relatively unspecific 11 Its users declare that they don’t want to spy on the public 12 tt will become more exact in the near future 13, tt can only be used to monitor traffic: 14 Its use is particularly expensive.I know your number ... Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) arrived in the UK in 1997, when the City of London police installed cameras that scan the plates of every vehicle entering and leaving the Squae Mile. police sSHOKESHERON says: “We're not interested in monitoring people's movements; we just want to provide them with asufe envionment.” Unlike Newham's controlled watch list, ANPR checks plates aginst live databases: Avon & Somerse’s vehice- Mounted system refers to a local lst, the police national computer in Hendon and the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency in Swansea. Data protection rules prokibit building fener databases, so these systems don't retain computerised data, They simply alert police if they read a suspected vehicle's plate, ‘The traffic information provider, Traffiemaster ple, owns a far more widespread plat-reading ysem, wth 800 cameras ‘on trunk roads to monitor traffic speeds (its motorway cameras tea different system), The cameras eu the frst two and last figis oft your plate, and. transmit the remainder to ‘Trafficmaster's headquarters in Milton Keynes. By watching for the same partial plate number further up the road, the firm 0p trac speed However, Traffiemaster sys its cameras misead about one plate in four ~ good enough for traffic speeds, but not for ttininal investigations, In adgtion, Traffiemasters licence pris it from cross-referencing the number plates | know where you are lan Brown, a researcher in computer security at University College, London, points to an even simpler way to track éiizens: examining location data sent out by mobile telephones. When switched on, each unit transmit its identity. Base stations § within range reply the phone logs on to one of those stations, the call strength indieatonon the mobile goes up and you can imake and receive calls, But, as @ result, your network always mows roughly where you are. BY Cellnet already uses base-station data to provide traffic W) news, and believes it is accurate to 100 metres in cities, although that accuracy falls in the countryside because of the smaller aumbers of base stations “If we were required to give evidence incourt, we would only be able to say the person was within 35 Kilometres of a given location,” says John Cross, head of IS network security forthe firm. That is because mobile phones willnot necessarily log on to their nearest base station, Weather ction acl opography and el songeston mean a phone may connectors base station 1 mal © Vocabulary Practice 2. Match the highlighted words in the passage with their synonyms below. * follow * forbid * flourishing * gauge + intruswve © representative © accuracy But the data will soon become more accurate. Third- generation mobile phones will increase location accuracy to 20 within fens of metres worldwide, using satellite-based global Positioning system (GPS) technology. You could find yourself getting text messages advertising shops you are passing. Meanwhile, your network will be keeping extremely accurate tabs on you. 5 | know how much you spend . Banks too have location data, and they wil pas iton under ‘order. Cash machine usage and electronic card transactions let ‘bank locate you ~ or a least your card — with precision atthe time of transaction, ‘As with the mobile phone networks, the location 5 information is invisible to call-centte operators. Martin Whitehead, head of information security for Co-operative Bank, says he follows a ‘need-to-know! policy: about a dozen people have access to the exact time and location of eash- machine transactions. However, he and other bankers are 10 ‘concerned about the socal security fraud bill going through the House of Lords. This could grant the Department af Social Security (DSS) and its local authority agents wide-ranging ‘acess to bank records. “Itwon't include people's names, but it may have identifying 15 data" says Caspar Bowden, the director of the Foundation for Information Policy Research, Whitehead says he fears the worst if the DSS gets wide access, “We've been the subject of fishing expeditions (wide- ranging ‘raw’ for data) from the DSS and local government 20 “agents,” he says, adding that the bank has refused access - but may not be able to under this bill. Il see you again soon ‘The UK has the physical infrastructure for: surveillance. It is only laws such as the 1984 and Protection Acts that stop this hhas already been suggested. Last December, The Obsener ‘uncovered a memo by Roger Gaspar, the National Criminal Intelligence Service's deputy head, saying the government could retain the details of every phone call made, every email sent, ‘and every web-page viewed - for seven years. The government said it had no plans to implement this scheme. But with the political parties a to appear 3 Go through the passage again and find at least three words/phrases connected with the idea of watching somebody. © Discussion 4. Which of these forms of surveillance seems the most scary to you? Discuss in groups. 25;Language Focus D tts acrime © a ritting Punishment 41 & Match the words with their meanings 3 a Using a dictionary if necessary, complete the sentences by — = Bo — - filling in the gaps with words | ‘and phrases from below. 1 murder 2 panning and casing the death ofsb | 2 embezzlement _b_sting mane fom the company where you work * reocation of prvlege 3. jaywalking © destaton of public propery aa are a 4 mansaughiw ts esing boohin ab place permit) «pion tm 5 vandalism © pubising ies about peter

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