Solving Problem:

Objective questions:
1. X, Y and Z are elements in the same period of a periodic table. The oxide of X is amphoteric, the
oxide of Y is basic and the oxide of Z is acidic. Arrange the elements in descending order of their
radii.
A. X, Y, Z
B. X, Z, Y
C. Y, X, Z
D. Y, Z, X
2. Which of the following is an amphoteric oxide ?
A. Al2O3
B. Li2O
C. PO3
D. Sc2O3
3. The first five ionization energies of an element X are 580, 1815, 2745, 11575 and 14831 kJmol-1 .
An ion X is expected to have a charge of
A. +2
B. -1
C. +3
D. -2
4. The electronic configuration of an element P is [Ne] 3s2 3p4. What is the group number of P in
the periodic table?
A. 1
B. 6
C. 4
D. 16
5. In which of the following pairs, the radius of the second atom is greater than that of the first
atom?
A. 11Na, 12 Mg
B. 15 P , 7 N
C. 38 Sr, 20 Ca
D. 17 CI, 35 Br

Structured questions:
1.

Table below shows the first, second, third and fourth ionisation energy in kJmol-1 of X, Y and Z, the third
period elements of a periodic table.
Ionisation energy (kJ/mol)

Elements

2.

IE1

IE2

IE3

IE4

738

1450

7730

10500

800

2427

3658

25024

495

4663

6912

9540

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Write the valence electronic configuration for elements X, Y and Z.

[3 marks]
Compare the ionic radii of X, Y and Z. Explain.
[4 marks]
State the oxide properties of X and Z and write equations to show the properties. [3 marks]
Compare the strength of the metallic bond amongst X, Y and Z. Explain.
[5 marks]

a)

The table below shows the group and period of the elements A,B, C and D :
Element
A
B
C
D
i.
ii.
iii.

Period
2
2
3
4

Group
15
18
1
17

Write the electronic configuration for each element.

Write the electronic configuration for A3-, C+ and D-.
Compare the ionic radius between A3- and C+. Explain your answer.
(11 marks)

b)

The table shows the successive ionization energies (in kJ mol-1) for several elements.
Elements
T
U
V
W
i.
ii.
iii.

IE 1
900
580
420
800

IE 2
1760
1820
3100
2400

IE 3
14900
2750
4410
3700

IE 4
21000
11600
5900
25000

Identify the two elements which are in the same group. State the group and explain your answer.
Explain the differences in the first ionization energy for the two elements in (i).
Determine the element which can form ion with charge +2.
(9 marks)

3.

a)

Given that the proton number of Aluminium, Al and Silicon, Si is 13 and 14 respectively.
i.
ii.

b)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

4. (a)

Compare the atomic radius and melting point between Al and Si. Explain your answer.
If the five electrons are removed continuously from Al, which electron will experience the largest
increase in energy? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)
3+
2
2
6
Given that the electronic configuration of E ion is 1s 2s 2p .
Write the electronic configuration of E atom.
Write the formula of oxide E when E reacts with oxygen gas.
Show the property of oxide E by using appropriate equation.
Compare the radius of E atom with its respective ion. Explain your answer.
(7 marks)

i) What is meant by the term effective nuclear charge?

ii) How thus the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electron of an atom vary going from
left to right across a period of the periodic table?
iii) Between silicon and sulphur, which one has a bigger size? Explain your answer.
[5 marks]

(b)

i) Why are monoatomic cations smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms?
ii) Consider a reaction represented by the following spheres:
Reactant

red

blue

Product

red
red

blue

Which sphere represented metal and which a nonmetal? Explain?

[6 marks]

(c)

i) Why are ionisation energies always positive quantities?

ii) Why does F have larger first ionisation energy than O?
iii) Why is the second ionisation energy of an atom always greater than its first ionisation energy?
[5 marks]

5. (a)

i) How are metallic character and first Ionisation energy related?

ii) Name the Period 3 element with the following ionization energies (in kJ/mol), and write its electron
configuration:

. (b)

IE1

IE2

IE3

IE4

IE5

IE6

1012

1903

2910

4956

6278

22,230

i) List three ways in which metals and nonmetals differ.

ii) Explain the trend in metallic character across a period and down the group in the periodic table.
iii) Which element would you expect to be more metallic? Explain your answer.
a) Ca or Rb

b) Mg or Ra

c) Br or I

d) Be or Na

e) Si or P
[15 marks]