ALPHA GROUP

Leader: Legutan, Paul S.

Members:
Angeles, Renz
Alonzo, Jann
Carmona, Daryl
Castillo, Jaymart

SHIP STRESS
POUNDING
-is exist when ships is pitching. Ships bows lift clear of the water
and come down heavily. It causes damage to the bottom and girder
at the bow.
-is one of the result on of the Dynamic forces.
-Flat areas are plating are brought into violent contact with water
at a very acute angle.

SHIP STRESS
SLAMMING
Caused by bow pitching clear of the water then coming Bow
heavily on the sea. This is resisted by a reduction in framing
pitch and possibly increased plate thickness. While heaving or
pitching, the forward end leaves and re-enters the water with a
slamming effect. It also causes damage primarily on the bow of
a ship.

SHIP STRESS
PANTING
Caused by oscillatory motion on the shell plating at the Bow
and Stern caused by the uneven water pressure as the vessel
passes through waves. It is resisted by a system of Panting
Beams, Panting Stringers, Breast Hook and a deep floor.
a stress occurs at the end of a vessel due to variations in water
pressure on the shell plating as the vessel pitches in a seaway.

SHIP STRESS
STRESS CAUSED BY LOCALIZED LOADING
Localized heavy loads may give rise to localized distortion of the
transverse section. Such loads may be the machinery (Main Engine) in
the engine room or the loading of concentrated ore in the holds.
Heavy weights, such as equipment in the machinery spaces are
particular items of general cargo, can give rise to stresses due to
localized distortion of the transverse section. The fitting of transverse
bulkheads, deep plate floors and web frames reduce such stresses.

CORROSION
The deterioration of the hulls and fittings of steel ships is due
to primarily to corrosion. If corrosion could be completely
eliminated practically all such parts would last indefinitely, as
mechanical wear and tear, due to use and age, are negligible
factors in determining the life of such parts.

CORROSION
Treatment of Susceptible materials due to corrosion
Hulls
Area Below the Waterline
This underwater area is protected from corrosion
following the hull construction before it is launched. One
of the more popular protection used is two part coal-tar
epoxy in conjunction with a vinyl tar coat.

CORROSION
Decks and Hulls Above the Waterline.
Ships decks are also liable to corrosion due to being immersed in
seawater during adverse weather depositing salt on the plating. When I
was at sea the sailors were forever chipping away and repainting the deck
or hanging over the side in a bosuns chair, attacking the hull. This was
not complimentary to my after lunch snooze before going on the 4-8watch.
Anyway, protection of deck and above waterline areas is carried out using
a well tested combination of alkyd andchlorinated rubber.

CORROSION
Tanks
Ballast Tanks
Ballast tanks are very susceptible to corrosion due to constant humidity promoted by their
surface wet and dry conditions depending if the ship is ballasted or carrying a full cargo.
Ballast tanks have been accused of being the importer and spreading of non-indigenous
seawater borne marine bacteria, organisms and barnacles. Coatings to eradicate these have
been developed and are applied after a coating of anticorrosive material.
Ballast tanks used to be coated with coal tar epoxy (CTE) but now epoxy products produced
in hydrocarbon refining has been developed. This is applied in two coats and is one of the
current methods used against corrosion in ballast tanks .

CORROSION
Freshwater Storage Tanks
These tanks used to be cement washed and then chlorinated to prevent
corrosion and protect against E-Coli and Legionnaires disease. I well
remember the taste of the newly bunkered fresh water after the mate had
liberally dosed it with chlorine. Yuck! Not nice in afternoon tea, to say nothing
about the rum!
Nowadays an application of pure epoxy, applied under strict guidelines by an
experienced contractor is one method. This can be supplemented with a
strictly controlled addition of silver nitrate or chlorine to the tank being used to
control any bacteria in the water.

CORROSION
Cargo Tanks
This is a vast subject due to the various cargoes carried by todays merchant
vessels from crude oil to chemicals, so will cover this fully in a future article on
Cargo Tank Protective Coatings.
However, in the interim we will have a quick look at the protection of oil storage
tanks in a crude oil tanker. The corrosion in these areas is caused by the sulfurous
and water contained in the crude, combined with other water vapor and the flexing
of the ships structure. Microbes also compliment corrosion as they ingress into the
protective coating. The new high tensile steels used in ships construction and the
innovation of double hulled vessels has had a detrimental effect on tanks, being
sited to have exacerbated corrosion and pitting instances.

END OF PRESENTATION