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Psychodynamic Theories

1. Psychoanalytic Levels of mental life: (unconscious, preconscious, conscious)


Provinces of the Mind: (Id, Ego, SuperEgo)
Theory
Dynamics of Personality: (Drive sex and aggression; Anxiety)
Defense Mechanisms:
(Freud)

Stages of Development: Infantile (oral, Anal Pallic), Latency, Genital, Maturity


Applications of Theory:

2. Individual
Psychology
(Adler)

3. Analytical
Psychology
(Jung)

4. ObjectRelations
(Klein)

Striving for success and superiority


Final goal, striving force as compensation, striving for personal superiority/success
Subjective Perceptions
Fictionalism
Physical inferiorities
Unity and self-consistency of Personality
Organ dialect
Conscious and unconscious
Social Interest
Style of Life
Creative Power
Abnormal Development: Factors in Maladjustment
Exaggerated physical deficiencies, pampered/neglected style of life
Safeguarding Tendencies: Execuses, Aggression, Withdrawal
Masculine Protest
Family Constellation
Early Recollections
Dreams
Psychotherapy
Levels of the Psyche: Conscious, Personal/Collective Unconscious
Archetypes: Persona, Shadow, Anima/mus, great mother, wise old man, hero, self
Dynamics of Personality
Causality and Teleology
Progression and Regression
Psychological Types
Attitudes (Introversion/Extraversion)
Functions: Feeling, Thinking, Sensing, Intuiting
Development of Personality
Stages: Childhood, Youth, Middle Life, Old Age
Self-Realization (Individuation)
Methods of Investigation
Word Association
Dream Analysis
Active Imagination
Psychotherapy
Psychic life of an infant
Phantasies
Objects
Positions
Paranoid-schizoid
Depressive
Psychic defense mechanisms: introjection, projection, splitting, projective identification
Internalizations: Ego, Superego, Oedipus Complex
Later Views:
Margaret Mahler
Heiz Kohut
John Bowlbys Attachment Theory
Ainsworth and the Strange Situation

5. Psychoanalytic
Social
(Horney)

6. Humanistic
Psychoanalysis
(Fromm)

Impact of Culture
Importance of Childhood experiences
Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety
Compulsive Drives
Neurotic Needs
Neurotic Trends: moving toward, against, away from people
Intrapsychic conflicts
Idealized self-image: neurotic search for glory, neurotic claims, neurotic pride
Self-Hatred
Feminine Psychology

Human Needs
Relatedness
Transcendence
Rootedness
Sense of identity
Frame of Orientation
Burden of Freedom
Mechanisms of Escape: Authoritarianism, Destructiveness, Conformity
Positive freedom
Character Orientations
Nonproductive orientations: receptive, explotative, hoarding, marketing
Productive Orientation
Personality Disorders
Necrophilia
Malignant Narcissism
Incestuous Symbiosis

7. Interpersonal
Theory
(Sullivan)

Tensions: Needs, Anxiety, Energy Transformations


Dynamisms: malevolence, intimacy, lust, self-system
Personifications:
Good/bad mother
Me
Eidetic
Levels of Cognition
Prototaxic
Parataxic
Syntaxic
Stages of Development
Infancy, childhood, juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence, late adolescence,

adulthood

8. Post-Freudian
(Erikson)

Ego: societys influence, epigenetic principle


Stages of psychosocial development
Infancy: oral-sensory mode; basic trust v. mistrust (hope)
Early childhood: Anal-urethral sensory mode: autonomy v. shame/doubt (will)
Play age: genital-locomotor mode: initiative v. guilt (Purpose)
School age: latency; industry v. inferiority (competence)
Adolescence: Puberty: Identitty v. Role Confusion (Fidelity)
Young Adulthood: genitality Intimacy v. Isolation (love)
Adulthood Procreativity: Generativity v. Stagnation (care)
Old age: Generalized Sensuality; Integrity v. Despair (wisdom)

HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL THEORIES
Physiological Needs
1. HolisticSafety Needs
Love and Belongingness
Dynamic
Esteem Needs
(Maslow)
Self-Actualization Needs

2. PersonCentered
(Rogers)

Values of Self-actualizers
B-values
Love, sex, and self-actualization
Jonah Complex
Positive Psychology
Basic Assumptions
Formative tendency
Actualizing tendency
Self and self-actualization
Self concept
Ideal self
Awareness
Level of awareness
Denial of positive experiences
Becoming a person
Barriers to psychological health
o
Conditions of worth
o
Incongruence
o
Vulnerability
o
Anxiety and threat
o
Defensiveness
o
Disorganization
Psychotherapy: conditions, process, outcomes
Persons of tomorrow
Self-discrepancy theory

3. Existential
Psychology
(May)

Existentialism
Basic Concepts: Non-being-in-the-World
Anxiety: Normal and Neurotic
Guilt
Intentionality
Care, Love, and Will
Union of love and will
Forms of love : sex, eros, philia, agape
Freedom and destiny
Existential
Essential
Power of Myth

DISPOSITIONAL THEORIES
What is Personality
1. Psychology of
Role of Conscious Motivation
Characteristics of a Healthy Person
the Individual
Structure of Personality
(Allport)
Personal dispositions

Levels of Personal Dispositions


o
Cardinal
o
Central
o
Secondary
Motivational and stylistic dispositions
Proprium

Motivation
Theory of Motivation
Functional Autonomy
Perseverative functional autonomy
Propriate functional autonomy
Criterion for functional autonomy
Processes not functionally autonomous
Study of the Individual
Morphogenic science

2. Eysenck,
McCrae, and
Costas Trait
and Factor
Theories

Optimal contact in reducing prejudice


Pioneering Work of Raymond Cattell
Basics of Factor Analysis
Eysencks Factor Theory
Criteria for identifying factors
Hierarchy of behaviour organization
Dimensions of Personality
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Measuring Personality
Biological Bases of Personality
Personality as a Predictor
Personality and behaviour
Personality and disease

The Big five: taxonomy or theory?


Core components of personality
Basic tendencies, characteristic adaptations, self-concept
Peripheral components
Biological bases
Objective biography
External influences
Basic Postulates

LEARNING THEORIES
1. Behavioral
Psychology
(Skinner)

2. SocialCognitive
Theory
(Bandura)
3. Cognitive Social
Learning
Theory
(Rotter and
Mischel)
4. Psychology of
Peronal
Constructs
(Kelly)

Scientific behaviourism
Philosophy of Science
Characteristics of Science
Conditioning
Classical
Operant
o
Shaping
o
Reinforcement
o
Positive reinforcement
o
Negative reinforcement
o
Punishment
o
Effects of punishment
o
Conditioned and generalized reinforcers
o
Schedules of reinforcement

Fixed ratio

Variable ratio

Fixed interval

Variable interval
o
Extinction
Human Organism
Natural selection
Cultural evolution
Inner states
o
Self-awareness
o
Drives
o
Emotions
o
Purpose and intention
Complex behaviour
o
Higher mental processes
o
Creativity
o
Unconscious behaviour
o
Dreams
o
Social behavvior
Control of human behaviour
o
Social control
o
Self-control
Unhealthy personality
o
Counteracting strategies
o
Inappropriate behaviors
Observational Learning
Modelling
Processes governing observational learning
Attention
Representation
Behvioral production
motivation
-

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