도로설계기준 (한계상태설계법1) 일반

() ()
2014. 12
()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 ,

()

1.1
1-1
1.2
1-1
1.3
1-3
1.3.1
1-3
1.3.2
1-3
1.3.3
1-5
1.3.4
1-6
1.3.5
1-6
1.4
1-6
1.5
1-7
1.6
1-7
1.7
1-7
()
1.1
, .
, ,
,
.
.

.
.
.
(LRFD ) .

.
.
1.2
- , ,

(Extreme Event Limit State)

- , ,

1-1
(Ultimate(Strength) Limit State)

- ,

- ,

(Serviceability Limit State)

- , , ,

- 100
(Redundancy) -
(Ductility)
- 5 ,
1
.
- ,

.
, .
- , 25 m/sec ,

(Operational Importance)
-
1-2
1.3
(Fatigue and Fracture Limit State)

-
- ,
,
, .
- ,
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(, , , )
(Limit State) - , ,
,
1.3
1.3.1
2.5 , ,
.
(1.3.1) .
1.3.2
(1)
(1.3.1)
. 1.0 ,
5.2.3.2 6.5.5 .
.
(1.3.1)
1-3
(1.3.2)
(1.3.3)
= : ,
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= :
= : , ,
= 1.3.3
= 1.3.4
= 1.3.5
(2)
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(3)

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KS D 3515-
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1-4
1.3
(4)
,
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(5)
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1.3.3

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1.3 .
.

1.05,
= 1.00,
0.95,

= 1.00
1-5
1.3.4

.

1.05
= 1.00
0.95

= 1.00
1.3.5
.
.

1.05 :
= 1.00 :
0.95 :

= 1.00
1.4
3.6.1.3 KL-510 1 .
2 1 75 % , 3 2 75 % .
.
1-6
1.7
1.5

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1.6
.

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1.7
(1)
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(2)
.
1.7.1 .
1-7
100
150
100
300
()
150
500
1.7.1
1-8
()

2.1
2-1
2.2
2-1
2.3
2-3
2.3.1
2-3
2.3.2
2-4
2.3.3
2-6
2.3.4
2-6
2.4
2-7
2.5
2-7
2.5.1
2-7
2.5.2
2-7
2.5.2.1
2-7
2.5.2.2
2-8
2.5.2.3
2-8
2.5.2.4
2-9
2.5.2.5
2-9
2.5.2.6
2-9
2.5.2.7
2-11
2.5.3
2-12
2.5.4
2-12
2.5.5
2-13
2.6
2-13
2.6.1
2-13
2.6.2
2-14
2.6.3
2-14
2.6.4
2-15
2.6.5 ,
2-17
2.6.6
2-17
()
2.1
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.
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2.2
- 100 500

- ,
500
.

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2-1
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100
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500
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2-2
2.3
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2.3
2.3.1
(1)
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(2)

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2-3
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2.3.2
(1)
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(2)

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2-4
2.3
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600 mm .
600 mm
.

9 .

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3.21.15 ,
3.21.14 .
2-5
2.3.3
(1)
,
.
(2)
()
.
. 25 mm
.
300 mm
, 5,000 mm
.
2.3.2 .
1,200 mm
. 600 mm
.
(3)

. ( ) .
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() .
2.3.4
, , , ,
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.
2-6
2.5
2.4
(1)

7.4 .
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(2)
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2.5
2.5.1
.
2.5.2
2.5.2.1
(1)
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2-7
.
.
(2)
250 mm
.
5 % .
15 %
.
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2.5.2.2
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.

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2.5.2.3
.

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3.4.4
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2-8
2.5
2.5.2.4
.
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10 mm .
2.5.2.5
, .
2.5.2.6
(1)

.

.
, 4.7 .
(2)
.
.
, 6.14.3.2
.
2-9
.
.

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3.4.1 IM .
3.6.1.7 .
3.6.1.2 .
,
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/1,000
/300
/375
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6.10.5.2 6.11.7 .
, .

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( ) 2.5 mm
.

/300
/1,000
( )
2-10
2.5 mm
2.5
(3) -
-
2.5.1 , , mm
. 2.5.1 .
2.5.1
( )

.
0.070
0.065
0.060
0.055
0.035
0.033
0.030 165 mm
0.027L 165 mm
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.033
0.030
0.030
0.025
0.040
0.032
I
I
0.033
0.027
0.100
0.100

mm
2.5.2.7
(1)

.
2-11
(2)
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2.5.3
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2.5.4
(1)
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(2)

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2-12
2.6
2.5.5
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2.6
2.6.1

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2-13
2.6.2
.

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2.6.3
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2-14
2.6
2.6.4
(1)
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(2)
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(3)
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2-15
(4)

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3.12.5 ( 37.3
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.

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2-16
2.6
(5)

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2.6.5 ,
2.6.3 2.6.4 .

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2.6.6
(1)

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.
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,

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2-17
(2)

.
(3) ,
.

.
.
(4)

.

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100 mm
45

45

.
(5)

. .

.
2-18
()

3.1
3-1
3.2
3-1
3.3
3-3
3.4
3-6
3.4.1
3-6
3.4.2
3-7
3.4.3
3-12
3.4.4
3-12
3.5 : DC, DW
3-13
3.6
3-14
3.6.1 : LL
3-14
3.6.1.1
3-14
3.6.1.2
3-14
3.6.1.3
3-15
3.6.1.4
3-16
3.6.1.5
3-16
3.6.1.6
3-17
3.6.1.7
3-17
3.6.2
3-17
3.6.2.1
3-17
3.6.2.2
3-17
3.6.2.3
3-18
3.6.3
3-18
3.6.4
3-19
3.7 : IM
3-20
3.7.1
3-20
3.7.2
3-20
3.7.3
3-21
3.8 : PS
3-21
3.9 : CR
3-22
3.10 : SH
3-22
3.11 : EH, ES, LS, DD
3-22
3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP
3-23
3.12.1
3-23
3.12.2
3-23
3.12.2.1
3-23
3.12.2.2
3-24
3.12.3 (BP)
3-25
3.12.4 (WP)
3-25
3.12.5
3-25
3.13
3-26
3.13.1
3-26
3.13.1.1
3-26
3.13.1.2
3-26
3.13.1.3
3-27
3.13.2
3-28
3.13.2.1
3-28
3.13.2.2
3-29
3.13.2.3
3-30
3.13.3
3-30
3.13.3.1
3-30
3.13.3.2
3-31
3.13.4
3-32
3.14
3-33
3.14.1 (TU)
3-33
3.14.1.1
3-33
3.14.1.2
3-33
3.14.1.3
3-33
3.14.2 (TG)
3-33
3.15 : EQ
3-34
3.16 : IC
3-34
3.17 : GD, SD
3-35
3.18 : CF, BR
3-35
3.19 : ER
3-36
3.20 : CT
3-36
3.20.1
3-36
3.20.2
3-36
3.21 : CV
3-37
3.21.1
3-37
3.21.2
3-37
3.21.3
3-38
3.21.4
3-38
3.21.5
3-38
3.21.5.1
3-39
3.21.5.2
3-39
3.21.5.3
3-42
3.21.5.4
3-42
3.21.6
3-43
3.21.7
3-44
3.21.8
3-45
3.21.9
3-45
3.21.10
3-46
3.21.10.1
3-46
3.21.10.2
3-46
3.21.10.3
3-46
3.21.11
3-47
3.21.12
3-48
3.21.13
3-48
3.21.14
3-48
3.21.14.1
3-48
3.21.14.2
3-50
3.21.15
3-50
3.22 : FR
3-50
()
3.1
, ,
.
. ,
.
3.2
- ,
- , ,

3-1
- ,

- 1 2
3-2
3.3
3.3
= (3.21.5)
= (3.21.12)
= (3.21.9)
= (3.13.2.1)
= (3.21.5.3)
= , , (3.21.5.3)
BR
= (3.18), (3.21.5.2)
= (3.18)
= (3.12.2.1)
= (3.21.7)
= (3.12.2.2)
= (3.13.2.1)
= (3.21.14.1)
DWT
= (3.21.8)
= 1 (3.13.2.2)
= (3.13.3.1)
= (3.18)
= (3.21.5.4)
= (3.21.5.4)
IM
= (3.7)
= (3.21.7)
= (3.6.1.2), (3.6.4)
= (3.21.5)
= (3.21.7)
= (3.6.1.2)
= (3.6.1.1), ,
(3.21.5)
= (3.6.1.4), , (3.21.5.4)
= (3.21.5)
3-3
= (3.21.10.1)
= (3.21.10.2)
= (3.21.5)
= (3.21.5)
= (3.21.8)
= (3.6.2.2)
= (3.4.2)
= (3.13.1.3), (3.18)
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.21.10.1)
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.21.10.2)
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.14.2)
= (3.12.2.1), (3.21.6), (3.21.7)
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.13.1.2)
= (3.21.6)
= (3.21.6)
= (3.13.1.1)
= (3.18)
= (3.6.1.1)
= (3.6.1.1)
= , (3.6.1.1)
= (3.21.6)
= (3.21.6)
= 3 (3.21.6)
= 5 m (3.13.3.1)
3-4
3.3
= (3.21.5.2)
= (3.4.2)
= (3.4.2)
= (3.4.2)
= (3.4.2)
= (3.13.3.2)
= (3.4.2)
3-5
3.4
3.4.1
.

(1)
- (DC)
- (DW)
(2) (PS)
- 2 ,
(3) (EL)
(4) (CR)
(5) (SH)
(6)
- (EH)
- (ES)
- (EV)
- (DD)

(7)
- (LL)
- (LS)
- (PL)
(8) (IM)
(9)
- (WL)
- (WS)
(10)
- (TU)
- (TG)
3-6
3.4
(11) (EQ)
(12) (WA)
(13) (BP)
(14) (IC)
(15) (GD)
(16) (SD)
(17) (WP)
(18) (CF)
(19) (BR)
(20) (ER)
(21)
- (CT)
- (CV)
(22) (FR)
3.4.2
.

(3.4.1)
= (1.3.2 )
= ( 3.4.1 3.4.2 )

(3.4.1) .
- .
.
3-7
-
. .
- 25 m/s

- .
-

-
- ,
. CT .
-
25 m/s ,
. .
, ,
.
-

-
.
.
IV -

.
. III
.
V - 50 %
.
- 3.6.2

3-8
3.4
3.4.1 .
.
, 3.6.1.2
. (1.3.1) , 1.3.2
.
,
.
. 3.4.2
.
.
TU, CR SH ,
.
7.5.2
- .
( ) ( )
. .
0.0 ( )
- 1.0
0.5
(3.4.2)
.
DC+DW+EH+EV+ES+WA+CR+SH+TG+PS
(3.4.2)
( ) .
3-9
3.4.1
DC
DD
DW
EH
EV
ES
EL
PS
CR
SH
LL
IM
BR
PL
LS
CF

WA
BP
WP
WS
WL
FR
TU
TG
GD
SD
EQ
IC
CT
CV
1.80 1.00
1.00
0.50/
1.20
1.40 1.00
1.00
0.50/
1.20
1.00 1.40
1.00
0.50/
1.20
EH, EV, ES, DW DC

1.00
1.00
0.50/
1.20
1.40 1.00 0.40
1.0
1.00
0.50/
1.20
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.50 1.00
1.00
1.0
1.00
1.00/
1.20
1.00 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 0.30
1.00 1.30 1.00
1.00
1.00/
1.20
1.00 0.80 1.00
1.00
1.00/
1.20
IV
1.00
1.00
1.00/
1.20
1.0
1.00
0.50
0.75
- LL, IM & CF
3-10
1.00 0.70
3.4
3.4.2

1.25
1.50(
IV)
0.90
DD :
1.80
0.45
DW :
1.50
0.65
EH :

1.50
1.35
0.90
0.90
EV :

(, )
(, )
(, )

1.00
1.35
1.30
1.35
1.95
1.50
1.00
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
ES :
1.50
0.75
EL :
1.0
1.0
DC :
PS :
,

-
-

CR, SH : ,
,

-
-

1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
DC
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
3-11
3.4.3
1.25 .
,
1.5 . 1.25 .
1.0 .
3.4.4
,
1.3 .
.
1.2 .
3-12
3.5 : DC, DW
3.5 : DC, DW
, , ,
. 3.5.1
. , .
3.5.1
(kg/)
, ,
7,850
7,250
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,350
2,150
()
1,100
2,300
960
800
1,000
1,025
3-13
3.6
3.6.1 : LL
3.6.1.1
(1) (3.6.1) .
(3.6.1)
,
= , ( ) (m)
= (m)
, (3.6.1) 1 6.0 m ( ) 2 .
(2) (3.6.2) .
(3.6.2)
(3)
.

.

.
3.6.1.2

. , 3.6.1
. 3.6.4
1
.
3-14
3.6
3.6.1

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.65
3.6.1.3
(KL-510 )
3.6.1.3.1 3.6.1.3.2 .
3,000 mm .
3.6.1.3.1
3.6.1 . 3.7
.
3.6.1
3-15
3.6.1.3.2
3.6.2 .
3,000 mm .
.
3.6.2
60 m
> 60 m
(kN/m)
(kN/m)
3.6.1.4
(1) .
1 ,
. ,
300 mm .

(2) (mm2)
2.5 : 1 . ,
(kN).
.
.
3.6.1.5
(1) .
3.6.1.3.1
3.6.1.3.1 75 % 3.6.1.3.2
(2) .
(3) 3,000 mm .
(4) 600 mm .
3-16
3.6
3.6.1.6
600 mm .
4.6.2.1 4.6.3.2 .
600 mm 3.6.1.4(2)

1.15, . 3.6.1.3 .
.
2,400 mm
.
.
4.6.2.1 4.6.3.2
.
3.6.1.7

.

25 %
3.6.2
3.6.2.1
3.6.1.3.1 80 %
. 3.7 .
3.6.2.2
(ADTTSL) .
3-17
.
(3.6.3)
. ,
ADTTSL = p ADTT
(3.6.3)
,
ADTT
ADTTSL =
p
= 3.6.3
3.6.3 , p

1.00
0.85
0.80
3.6.2.3
(1)
4.6.11
,
.
(2)
4.6.3
.
3.6.3

.
3-18
3.6
3.6.4
(1) MPa
.
(2) 3.6.4 .
(3)
. .
3.6.4
(m)
(MPa)
80
-3
3.510
80 130
-3
(4.3-0.01 )10
130
-3
3.010
3-19
3.7 : IM
3.7.1
3.7.2 3.7.3
3.7.1 .
: (1+IM/100)
.
3.7.1 , IM
IM
25
15%
.

4.7.2.1
.
3.7.2
(3.7.2) .
IM
,
= (mm)
3-20
(3.7.2)
3.8 : PS
3.7.3
3.7.1 3.7.1 50
% .
3.8 : PS
.
.
(1)
.
.
(2)
, , PS ,
, .
(3) (2)
.

.

PS
(4)
.
PS
.
3-21
3.9 : CR
5 .
.
3.10 : SH
,
5 .
3.11 : EH, ES, LS, DD

, .
, , , ,
, .
.

-

3-22
3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP
3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP

3.12.1
.
( ) .
.
3.12.2
3.12.2.1
(3.12.1) .

(3.12.1)
= (MPa)
= 3.12.1
= (m/s)
3.12.1

()
0.7
1.4
1.4
( 90 )
0.8
3-23
3.12.2.2

(3.12.2) .

(3.12.2)
= (MPa)
= 3.12.2
3.12.1
3.12.2
,
0.0
0.5
0
5
0.7
0.9
10
20
30
1.0
3-24
3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP
3.12.3 (BP)
, 3.12.1
.
3.12.4 (WP)

.
3.12.5
2.6.4(4) .
.
.
3-25
3.13
3.13.1
3.13.1.1
( ) 100 10 m 10
. ( )

. 3.13.1
.
3.13.1 ( )
(m/s)
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
30
35
, ,
,
40
,
,
45
50
3.13.1.2
( ) 40 m/s .
( )

10 .
(3.13.1) .
3-26
(3.13.1)
3.13
= 3.13.2
= (m)
, 65
% .
= 10 (m/s)
= 3.13.2
3.13.2
a2
(m)
(m) (m)
0.12
0.174
1.25
0.15
0.125
200
200
II
, ,

0.16
0.210
1.54
0.20
0.200
150
300
III
0.22
0.286
2.22
0.30
0.333
100
10
400
IV
0.29
0.400
3.33
0.45
0.500
50
20
500
3.13.1.3

, 80 % 10 .
, , (3.13.2) .
(3.13.2)
3-27
3.13.2
3.13.2.1
, , 3.13.3 .
3.13.3 (kPa)
(kPa)
2.4
= (m) ( 3.13.1 )
= (m) ( 3.13.1 )
3.13.1

,
.
.

.
3.13.4 .
3-28
3.13
3.13.4 (kPa)
1.5
1.5
3.0
1.5
.
. l.5 m
1.5 kN/m .
3.13.2.2
(Pa) (m/s),
(=1.25 kg/m3), (3.13.3) .
(3.13.3)
, 1 , , ,
.
, 3.13.3 .
3-29
3.13.2
3.13.2.3
.
2 . 3.13.4
, (3.13.3) . (3.13.3)
0.6, 1.2 .
3.13.3
3.13.3.1
1 1Hz ,
(3.13.4) 3.13.2 .

,
= 3.13.2
3-30
(3.13.4)
3.13
: 5 m
3.13.3.2
1 1 Hz ,
(3.13.5) 3.13.2 .

(3.13.5)
= 3.13.3.1
= ( , 2 % 0.02 )
3-31

log
log
3.13.4
200 m ( ) 30
.
,
.
.
3-32
3.14
3.14
3.14.1 (TU)
3.14.1.1
, 3.14.1 .

.
3.14.1
()
( )
-10 40 C
-20 40 C
-10 50 C
-30 50 C
-5 35 C
-15 35 C
3.14.1.2
24 .
3.14.1.3
.
3.14.2 (TG)
3.14.1
. 3.14.1 "A" .
400 mm ,
A = 300 mm
400 mm ,
A = 100 mm
,
A = 300 mm, t =
3-33
3.14.2 .
3.14.2 -0.3, -0.2 .
, (0 oC) .
3 oC .
4.6.13
.
3.14.2
(oC)
(oC)
23
3.14.1
3.15 : EQ
8 .
3.16 : IC

.
3-34
3.18 : CF, BR
3.17 : GD, SD

. 7.7.2.3 .
3.18 : CF, BR
(1)
. (3.18.1) .

(3.18.1)
= (m/s),
= (m/s2),
= (m).
(2012) .
3.6.1.2 .
1,800 mm .
(2)

.
10 % 1,800 mm
. 10 %
1,800 mm .
3-35
3.19 : ER
, , ,
, .
3.20 : CT
3.20.1
.

, 1,370 mm
3,000 mm
1,070 mm 3,000 mm
,
.
3.20.2
3.20.1 9,000 mm ,
15,000 mm 1,800 kN
. 1,200 mm
.
3-36
3.21 : CV
3.21 : CV
3.21.1
600 mm
.

.
, 200 10,700 mm 60,000 mm
.

, 3.21.10.3
.
.
,
, , .
.

, , ,

3.21.2
,
, .

.
3-37
3.21.3
3.21 ,
.
.
3.21.4
. ,
3.21.5
.
, .
3.21.5
(3.21.1) .

(3.21.1)
= ,
.
0.0001 .
0.001 .
( ) 6 ,

.
3-38
3.21 : CV
6 ,
3
.
3.21.5.1
, , ( )
.
.
3.21.5.2
(1)
( ) .
(2)
, ,

.
(3)
(3.21.2) .

(3.21.2)
3-39
( ) .
:
3.21.1
( ) (3.21.3 ~ 5) .
:
/ :
(3.21.3)
(3.21.4)
(3.21.5)
= 3.21.1 (: )
( ) (3.21.6) .
,
= (: km/h)
3-40
(3.21.6)
3.21 : CV
3.21.1
( ) (3.21.7) .
(3.21.7)
,
= (: km/h)
( )
.
:

(3.21.8)
(3.21.9)
(3.21.10)
3-41
3.21.5.3
.
(PG) 3.21.2
. ( ) 3.21.4
( ) .
.
( ) 3.21.4
( ) .
3.21.2
3.21.5.4
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) (3.21.11 ~ 13) .

3-42
(3.21.11)
3.21 : CV
(3.21.12)
(3.21.13)
= ( ) ( )
(: N)
= , , , , , 3.21.8, 3.21.10.1,
3.21.10.2 3.21.10.3 .( : N)
3.21.6
3.21.3 .
= ( : m/s)
= ( : m/s)
.
= ( : m/s), .
= ( : mm)
= ( : mm)
= 3( : mm)
( )
.
3-43
, ( )
3.21.3
3.21.7
(3.21.14) .

(3.21.14)
= ( : J)
= ( : )
= ( : m/s)
( )
,
water ballast .
.
(3.21.15 ~ 16) .
0.5 :
= 1.05
3-44
(3.21.15)
3.21 : CV
0.1 :
= 1.25
(3.21.16)
.
(underkeel clearance) .
3.21.8
(3.21.17) .

(3.21.17)
= ( : N)
= ( : )
= ( : m/s)
3.21.9
(3.21.18) .
(3.21.18)
= ( : mm)
= ( : J)
= (3.21.17) ( : N)
3-45
3.21.10
3.21.10.1
(3.21.19) .

(3.21.19)
,
= ( : N)
=
= (3.21.17) ( : N)
3.21.10.2
(3.21.20) .

(3.21.20)
= ( : N)
= (3.21.17) ( : N)
100,000 0.1 , 100,000

(3.21.21) .
= 0.2 - ( /10,000)0.10
(3.21.21)
3.21.10.3
(3.21.22) .
3-46
3.21 : CV
(3.21.22)
,
= ( : N)
= (3.21.20) ( : N)
3.21.11
3.21
.
= 10,700 mm
= 60,000 mm
= 3,700 mm
= 520 mm
= 2,700 mm
= 1,730
.
100 mm

(3.21.23)
(3.21.24)
100 mm
= ( : N)
= (3.21.25) ( : mm)
3-47
3.21.12
(3.21.25) .

(3.21.25)
= ( : mm)
= ( : J)
3.21.13

.

.
3.21.14
3.21.14.1

.
100 %,
50 %

. ,
flair (overhang, rake or flair distance)
.
.
3-48
3.21 : CV

.
, 3.21.4
.
, 3.21.5
.
.
3.21.6
.
3.21.4
3.21.5
3-49
3.21.6
3.21.14.2

. .
3.21.15
, , ,
, .

.
3.22 : FR
.
.
3-50
()
4.1
4-1
4.2
4-1
4.3
4-3
4.4
4-7
4.5
4-7
4.5.1
4-7
4.5.2
4-8
4.5.2.1
4-8
4.5.2.2
4-8
4.5.2.3
4-8
4.5.3
4-9
4.5.3.1
4-9
4.5.3.2
4-9
4.5.3.3
4-9
4.5.4
4-12
4.5.5
4-12
4.6
4-13
4.6.1
4-13
4.6.1.1 (aspect ratio)
4-13
4.6.1.2
4-13
4.6.2
4-16
4.6.2.1
4-16
4.6.2.2
4-16
4.6.2.3
4-16
4.6.2.4
4-18
4.6.2.5
4-20
4.6.2.6
4-20
4.6.2.7
4-21
4.6.2.8
4-21
4.6.2.9
4-22
4.6.2.10
4-22
4.6.2.11
4-22
4.6.3 -
4-23
4.6.3.1
4-23
4.6.3.2
4-27
4.6.3.3
4-31
4.6.3.4
4-34
4.6.4
4-35
4.6.5
4-36
4.6.6 , K
4-36
4.6.7
4-40
4.6.7.1
4-40
4.6.7.2
4-41
4.6.7.3
4-45
4.6.7.4
4-45
4.6.8
4-47
4.6.8.1 I
4-47
4.6.8.2
4-47
4.6.8.3
4-48
4.6.9
4-48
4.6.9.1
4-48
4.6.9.2
4-48
4.6.9.3
4-48
4.6.10
4-49
4.6.10.1
4-49
4.6.10.2 -
4-49
4.6.10.3
4-49
4.6.10.4
4-50
4.6.10.5
4-50
4.6.11
4-51
4.6.11.1
4-51
4.6.11.2
4-51
4.6.11.3 -
4-52
4.6.11.4
4-52
4.6.11.5
4-53
4.6.11.6
4-53
4.6.11.7
4-53
4.6.11.8
4-54
4.6.12
4-54
4.6.12.1
4-54
4.6.12.2
4-54
4.6.12.3
4-54
4.6.13
4-55
4.6.14 FEM
4-55
4.6.14.1
4-55
4.6.14.2
4-55
4.7
4-56
4.7.1
4-56
4.7.1.1
4-56
4.7.1.2
4-56
4.7.1.3
4-56
4.7.1.4
4-57
4.7.1.5
4-57
4.7.2
4-57
4.7.2.1
4-57
4.7.2.2
4-57
4.7.3
4-58
4.7.3.1
4-58
4.7.3.2
4-59
4.7.4
4-59
4.8
4-60
4.8.1
4-60
4.8.2
4-60
()
4.1
,
.

.
.
.
.
4.2
(end zone)
(distortion)
(warping)
4-1
(frame action) -

(core width)
(condensation)
- ,
,

-
.
.
(lever rule) -

- .
.
- , ,
4-2
4.3
4.3
= , (mm2); (4.6.3.1)
= (mm2) (4.6.7.5)
= (mm); 1/4
;
(mm) (4.6.2.6) (4.6.7.2)
(4.6.7.4)
= (mm) (4.6.7.5)
= (mm); (mm); (mm);

(mm); (4.6.2.6) (4.6.3.1) (4.6.7.2)
= (mm) (4.6.7.2)
= (mm) (4.6.7.2)
= (4.6.7.2)
= (4.6.3.1)
= (4.5.3.3 (3))
= (mm); (m) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm); (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.7.2)
= (MPa); (mm); 1 (m) (4.5.3.3 (2))

(4.6.4) (4.6.2.4)
= (4.6.3.1)
= (4.6.3.1)
= ;
(mm); (mm) (4.6.3.1) (4.6.3.2) (4.6.7.5)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= ; (m/s2) (4.6.3.1)
4-3
= 2 (mm4) (4.5.3.3.(2)) (4.6.3.1)
= 2 (mm4) (4.6.6)
= 2 (mm4) (4.6.6)
= (mm4) (4.6.3.1)
= (St. Venant) (mm4) (4.6.3.1)
= ; ; ;
(4.5.3.3 (2)) (4.6.6) (4.5.3.3 (3)) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm4) (4.6.3.1)
= (m); (m); (mm) (4.6.2.4)

(4.6.2.8) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.1.2 (4))
= (mm) (4.6.6)
= (mm) (4.6.6)
= 18000 mm (mm);
(mm) (4.6.4) (4.6.7.5)
= (mm) (4.6.7.5)
= (m) (4.6.2.7)
= (mm) (4.6.7.2)
= (mm); 1/2(mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))

(4.5.3.3 (3))
= 2 (N mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))
= 1m
(kN m) (4.6.2.4(1))
= 1m
(kN m) (4.6.2.4(2))
= , .
, .
(N mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))
4-4
4.3
= ,
. . (N mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))
=
. .(N mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))
= , , (4.6.3.1) (4.6.3.2)
= (4.6.3.1)
= 3.6.1.1 (4.6.3.1) (4.6.4) (4.6.3.2)
= (4.6.3.1)
= 1(kN); (4.6.2.4) (4.6.2.8)

(4.6.6)
= (Euler) (N) (4.5.3.3.(2))
= (N) (4.5.3.3.(2))
= (4.6.2.6)
= (4.6.3.2)
= (4.6.4)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.7.4)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= (mm) (4.6.3.1)
= 1 : 9000 mm ,
2 : 18,000 mm (4.6.4)
= (kN/m2) (4.6.2.7)
= (mm) (4.6.3.2)
= (4.5.3.3 (2))
= (4.5.3.3 (2))
4-5
= () (4.6.3.1) (4.6.4)
= (4.6.3.1)
= 2 (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))
= (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))
= (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))
= (4.5.3.3 (2))
4-6
4.5
4.4
-
.

: , , , , ,
,
.
,
.
4.5
4.5.1
, , ,
,
. , .
, ,
. ,
.
.
, .
(lift off) ,
.
4-7
4.5.2
4.5.2.1
.

.
4.5.2.2
5 6 .
.
.
- .
4.5.2.3
. ,
. , ,
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
,
. (deep)
. 5
.
.
4-8
4.5
4.5.3
4.5.3.1
, 2
.
4.5.3.2
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
4.5.3.3
(1)
5 6 - ,
.
(2) - -

.

(4.5.1)
(4.5.2)
4-9
(4.5.3)
(4.5.4)
= (N)
= (N)
= 0.75, 1.0
(N mm).

= (MPa)
(N mm).

= (MPa)
(4.5.5) . , / 6.9.5.1
.

(4.5.5)
= (mm)
= 4.6.6
= (MPa)
= 2 (mm4)
5.6.6 .

1.0 .
4-10
4.5
,
.

.

(4.5.6)
,
=
=
, .
1.0 .

.
,
.
(bent)

,
(3) -

4.5.3.3(2) .
= 1/2(mm)
= 4.5.1
= 1.0
4-11
4.5.1 ,

0.1 - 0.2
1.16
1.04
0.70
0.2 - 0.3
1.13
1.10
0.70
0.3 - 0.4
1.16
1.16
0.72
(4)

.
, ,

.
4.5.4
.
, -
.
4.5.5
.
.
,
.
, , .
4-12
4.6
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.1.1 (aspect ratio)
2.5
, . .
,

.
4.6.1.2
(1)
,
.
.
.
,
.
. ,
(cross-frame), , .
(distortion) .
3.18 .
(2)
4.6.1.1
.
,
.
4-13
(3)
,
12 (segments) .
(nonsegmental)
4.6.1
34
.
.
, (tendon
deviation) (allowance) .
4.6.1.1
12
34
, 3.5
4.6.2
. 3
. .
34
12
3
.
4.6.1
4.6.2
3
4-14
4.6
(4)
1)
(segment)
. (segment) 2.5
% .
2)
.
4 ,
.
.
10.
.
, (the arc span) 0.06 rad .
, , .
;
= (mm)
= 0.9(mm)
= 0.8(mm)
I
. ,
.
(cross-frame)
6.7.4 .
.
3) (tub)
.
3 ,
.
4-15
.
,
, (the arc span) (mm) 0.3 rad
. , (middepth) . ,
2) .

. ,
.
6.7.4 ,
6.7.5 .
4.6.2
4.6.2.1
() 1:2 ,
.
5.12.5.2 6.14.6.2 .
4.6.2.2
(1) 9 .
(2) 27 MPa .
(3)
.
4.6.2.3
(1) .
.
4-16
4.6
(2)
.
,
.
, 1.5
.

4 ,
.

4 ,
.
()
()
4.6.3
(3) ,
.
,
.
4-17
,
1.5 .

4 ,
.

4 ,
.

300 mm .

100 mm .
()
()
4.6.4
(4) .
4.6.2.4
(1 m)
.
.
3.6.1.4 .
4-18
4.6
1 , 2 1 75 % , 3
2 75 % .
: (m)
: 1 (m)
: 1(kN) 96 kN
(1) ( : 0.6 m ~ 6 m)
1 m ( ).

(4.6.1)
3 0.8
.
(2)
. 2.1 m .

(4.6.2)
.
1 m ( ) 6 m
.
(kN m/m)
(4.6.3)
(3) 6 m
.
4-19
4.6.2.5

.
. 3.6.1.4 .
(1)
.

(4.6.4)
1 m .
(kN m)
(4.6.5)
, (m) .
(2)
.
m
(4.6.6)
1 m .
(kN m)
(4.6.7)
4.6.2.6
(1) ,
.
,
,
4-20
(4.6.8)
4.6
,
=
=
=
(2) 1.5 ,
.
(3) .
1/2 ,
50 % .
.
4.6.2.7
(1 m) 4.6.2 .
4.6.2 (1 m) (kN m/m)

= (kN/m2)
= (m)
4.6.2.8
(1) .
,
.
4-21
(2) .
: (kN m/m)
: (kN m/m)
(4.6.9)
,
=
= (m)
(3) , .
4.6.2.9
.

.
.
4.6.2.10

. , PS
.
4.6.2.11
(1) 4.6.2.4 4.6.2.11
.
(2) .

.
4-22
4.6
4.6.3 -
4.6.3.1
4.6.3.4 ,
.
1

,
4.6.3.4 .
4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3 ,

. , .
3.6.1.2 ,

.
4.6.11 .
,
, , 4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3 .
.
, .
.
( ) 910 mm .
4.6.1.2 .
4.6.3 .

.
. ,
4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3
.
4-23
4.6.3.2.(1) .

.

.
4.6.3 4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3

,
,
, ,

,
, ,

4-24
4.6

,
T

,
T

I T

4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3 .
= , (mm2)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm4)
= (mm4)
= (mm4)
= (mm)
= , ,
= 3.6.1.1
= (mm)
= (mm)
4-25
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= ()
=
, 4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3 2
, .
( ) .

(4.6.12)
(4.6.13)
= 2 (mm4)
= (mm)
4.6.12 .
4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3 4.6.3 ,
.
2.5.2.7(1) ,
.
4.6.3 4.6.3.2
4.6.3.3 , ,
.
, 4.6.3-1 .
4-26
4.6
4.6.3-1 4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3
f,g,i,j
4.6.4
1.02
1.05
1.09
4.6.6
1.03
1.07
1.15
4.6.9
0.97
0.93
0.85
4.6.4
4.6.7
4.6.3.2
(1)
4.6.4
.
1.0 .
( )
.
, .
1200 mm 3000 mm
, 4.6.11 .
4.6.4
.
3.6.1.1
.
4-27
4.6.4

4.6.3

,

T
T

a, e, k
i, j
=3

1100 4900
110 300
6000 73000
4
9
12
410 310
= 3
2100 4000
18000 73000
3
> 8
= 8
b, c
1800 5500
6000 43000
450 1700
3
S > 5500

,

:

f, g
4-28
i, j
:

,

900 1500
6000 37000
5 20
45
6
4.6
4.6.3

T
T
0.7
0.8
1.0
2.2
2.0
2.0
:
<100 mm /2760

1800 mm
100 mm /3660
a
:
<100 mm 3 /8000
3200 mm
100 mm 9 /30500
:
b, c
0.5 1.5
(2)
4.6.5
.
( ) ,
.
-
(4.16.14) .
(4.6.14)
= (mm)
4-29
= (mm)
=
4.6.5
4.6.3

T
T

a, e, k

i, j
4.6.3.1

b, c

-300
1700
=3

= 3
0 1400
1800 < 5500
> 5500
600
f, g
1.0

i, j
N/A
N/A
b, c
4-30
4.6.4
4.6
(3)
10 4.6.6
.
4.6.6

4.6.3

a, e, k

T T

i, j
b, c, d, f, g, h

,

T
i, j

tan
tan

30 60
1100 4900
6000
73000
4
0 60
4.6.3.3
(1)
4.6.7 .
4.6.7
.
1.0 .
4.6.7
, .
4-31
4.6.7
4.6.3

T
T

a, e, k

i, j

i, j
b, c
4
= 3
1800 4000
6000 73000
890 2800
3
1800 5500
6000 43000
450 1700
3
S > 5500
f, g
1100 4900
6000 73000
110 300
b, c
4-32
900 1500
6000 37000
5 20

N/A
N/A
4.6.4
4.6
(2)
4.6.8 . 4.6.7
4.6.8
.
( ) ,
.
(cross frames) -
(4.16.14) .
4.6.8

T
T
4.6.3
a, e, k

i, j
b, c
4.6.3.1

1.0

-300
1700
= 3
-600
1500
0
1400
> 5500
f, g

i, j
N/A
N/A
b, c
600
4.6.4
4-33
(3)

. 4.6.9 4.6.7 ,
4.6.8 .
,
4.6.9 .
4.6.9

4.6.3
a, e, k

T T

i, j
tan
tan
b, c
tan
f, g

tan

0 60
1100 4900
6000 73000
4
0 < 60
1800 < 4000
6000 73000
900 2700
3
0 < 60
1800 3500
6000 43000
450 1700
3
0 < 60
6000 37000
430 1500
900 1500
5 20
4.6.3.4
3.4.1 -II ,
4.6.11
.
4-34
4.6
4.6.4
4.6.10 . ()
.
4.6.10

(4.6.15)
(4.6.16)
= (mm)
= 18000 mm (mm)
= 1 : 9000 mm
2 : 18000 mm
= (mm)
= 3.6.1.1
.
tan
(4.6.17)
, = ()
4-35
4.6.5
2
. 3 ,
, (deck) (deck system) .
(panel point)
.
4.6.6 , K
K
.
4.6.11
.
4.6.11 ,
,
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
0.65
0.80
1.2
1.0
2.1
2.0
4-36
4.6
, ,
.

tan

tan

(4.6.18)

tan
(4.6.19)
, , .
(4.6.20)
= 2 (mm4)
= (mm4)
= 2 (mm4)
= (mm)
(4.6.18) (4.6.19) 4.6.5 4.6.6 ,

, .
(4.6.18) (4.6.19) 4.6.5 4.6.6
. , 4.6.5
4.6.6 .
4-37
4.6.5
4.6.6
4-38
4.6
4.6.5, 4.6.6 .
,
.
10 .
1 ,
.
4.6.5 4.6.6 K ,
. (far end)
4.6.12 . ,
.
4.6.12

1.5
2.0
(fixity)
. .
1.5
3.0
5.0
1.0

, :
- : = 0.750
- : = 0.875
4-39
(vierendeel) .

.
.
.
.
(4.6.21)
4.6.7
4.6.7.1
,

. .
2.5.2.6 .

,
.
.
1/4
12 + Max( , 1/2)

4-40
4.6

.
1/8
6 + Max( , 1/4)
(overhang)
4.6.7.2

, 4.6.7~10 .

= (mm)
= (mm)
, 4.6.9 ,
= 4.6.7 (mm)
= 4.6.8 (mm);
= 4.6.8 (mm);

= 4.6.7 1/4

= 4.6.7 4.6.8 (mm)
.
.
4-41
.
.

.
,
4.6.9() . 4.6.9()

2 .
4.6.8
.

= 1.0

= 0.8

= 0.6

= 1.5
4.6.7
4-42
4.6
4.6.8
4-43
( )
4.6.9 , ,
(, )
4-44
4.6
4.6.10
4.6.7.3
4.6.7.1
, .
(shear lag) .
4.6.7.4
4.6.13
.

4.6.11 .
4.6.11 ,
, .
4.6.11 ,
.
4-45
= 4.6.11 (mm)
= 4.6.11
= (mm2)
= (mm)
2 .
4.6.13
4.6.11
4-46
4.6
4.6.8
4.6.8.1 I
, ,
, 1/2, , ,
.
. 1/2
.

.

. (cross frame)
.

.

.

.

4.6.8.2
1/4 .
5 6
. 3/4 ,
.
,
.
4-47
4.6.8.3
I
.
4.6.9
4.6.9.1
, ,
.
4.6.9.2
,
.
, , ,
,
.
.
(slenderness)
.

.
.
4.6.9.3
, , ,
. ,
.
4-48
4.6

:

.
,
.

:

, ,
.

.
4.6.10
4.6.10.1
. ,
, 4.6.10.3 .
,
.
4.6.10.2 -
-
.
4.6.10.3
. (
) 4.6.7.2 4.6.8
4-49
.
,
. .
.
4.6.10.4

.
. ,
.
.
Homberg
(1968) Pucher(1964) ,
.
.
2
.
1.0 2
.
4.6.2 .
4.6.10.5
(1)
, ,
, .
2 .
1.0
2
.
4-50
4.6
(2)
5.11.3.3 , ,
.
(3)
5.11.3.2 .
4.6.11
4.6.11.1
(1) 4.4 .
,
, , (
),
. ( 1:3)
2
, 3 .
.
(2) , ,
.
4.6.11.2
(1)
.
.
,
. 3.6.1.4
.
. 45
.
4-51

.
(2)

.
(3)

. , 3 ,
.
4.6.11.3 -
(1) 5.0 .
(2) .
(3)
. , () 1:2 , 25
4.6.4 .
(4) T . ,
, 4 4.6.3
.
4.6.11.4
(1) 2 4.4 (
) . , 4.6.3
.
(2) (warping) 3 .
(3)
.
4-52
4.6
(4)
.
(5) .
4.6.11.5
(1) .

, ,
, ,
(2) .

.
4.6.11.6
4.6.11.5
. 4.5.1
.
,
.
4.6.11.7
,
4-53
.
.
(sag)

4.6.11.8

.
.

.
.
4.6.12
4.6.12.1
.
,
. .
4.6.12.2
-
. -
.
4.6.12.3
4.6.12.2 5 6
.
4-54
4.6
4.6.13

. 3.14.3 .
4.6.14 FEM
4.6.14.1

.
4.6.14.2
,

.

.
2
.

.
4-55
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.1.1
,
.

.
,
.
.
.

4.7.1.2
.
4.7.1.3
.
.
4-56
4.7
4.7.1.4

.
4.7.1.5
4.7.2 .
.
4.7.2
4.7.2.1
, ,
.
.
3.7.1 50%
. .
4.7.2.2
(1)
, , ,
.
.

.
.
(2)
, ,
4-57
-
. ,
.
3
.
(3)

, . , ,
.
.
.

.
.
(4)

.

.
, .
4.7.3
4.7.3.1
.

4-58
4.7

4.7.3.2
,
.
. -
.
4.7.4
3 ,
.
.
4-59
4.8
4.8.1

. ,
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
4.8.2
, ,

.
4-60
()
5.1
5-1
5.2
5-1
5.3
5-3
5.4
5-8
5.4.1
5-8
5.4.2
5-8
5.4.2.1
5-8
5.4.2.2
5-8
5.4.2.3
5-9
5.4.2.4
5-9
5.4.2.5
5-9
5.4.3
5-10
5.4.3.1
5-10
5.4.3.2
5-10
5.4.3.3
5-11
5.4.3.4
5-11
5.5
5-12
5.5.1
5-12
5.5.1.1
5-12
5.5.1.2
5-12
5.5.1.3
5-14
5.5.1.4
5-15
5.5.1.5
5-18
5.5.1.6 -
5-18
5.5.1.7
5-23
5.5.1.8
5-23
5.5.2
5-24
5.5.2.1
5-24
5.5.2.2
5-24
5.5.2.3
5-25
5.5.3
5-26
5.5.3.1
5-26
5.5.3.2
5-27
5.5.3.3
5-29
5.6
5-31
5.6.1
5-31
5.6.2
5-32
5.6.2.1
5-32
5.6.2.2
5-32
5.6.3
5-34
5.6.4
5-34
5.6.4.1
5-34
5.6.4.2
5-35
5.6.4.3
5-35
5.6.4.4 -
5-36
5.6.5
5-36
5.6.6
5-37
5.6.6.1
5-37
5.6.6.2
5-38
5.6.7
5-39
5.6.7.1
5-39
5.6.7.2
5-40
5.6.7.3
5-41
5.6.7.4
5-42
5.6.7.5
5-45
5.6.7.6
5-45
5.6.7.7
5-45
5.6.8
5-46
5.7
5-47
5.7.1
5-47
5.7.1.1
5-47
5.7.1.2
5-47
5.7.1.3 2
5-49
5.7.2
5-51
5.7.2.1
5-51
5.7.2.2
5-52
5.7.2.3
5-54
5.7.2.4 T
5-58
5.7.2.5
5-59
5.7.3
5-61
5.7.3.1
5-61
5.7.3.2
5-61
5.7.3.3
5-64
5.7.4
5-64
5.7.4.1
5-64
5.7.4.2
5-64
5.7.4.3
5-66
5.7.4.4
5-67
5.7.5 -
5-68
5.7.5.1
5-68
5.7.5.2
5-69
5.7.5.3
5-70
5.7.5.4
5-70
5.7.6
5-71
5.7.7
5-72
5.7.7.1
5-72
5.7.7.2
5-74
5.8
5-76
5.8.1
5-76
5.8.1.1
5-76
5.8.1.2
5-76
5.8.2
5-77
5.8.2.1
5-77
5.8.2.2
5-77
5.8.3
5-78
5.8.3.1
5-78
5.8.3.2
5-79
5.8.3.3
5-81
5.8.3.4
5-82
5.8.4
5-84
5.8.4.1
5-84
5.8.4.2
5-85
5.8.4.3
5-86
5.9
5-88
5.9.1
5-88
5.9.2
5-88
5.9.3
5-89
5.9.4
5-89
5.10
5-90
5.10.1
5-90
5.10.2
5-91
5.10.3
5-93
5.10.4
5-93
5.10.4.1
5-93
5.10.4.2
5-93
5.10.4.3
5-96
5.11
5-97
5.11.1
5-97
5.11.2
5-97
5.11.2.1
5-97
5.11.3
5-98
5.11.3.1
5-98
5.11.3.2
5-99
5.11.3.3
5-99
5.11.3.4
5-100
5.11.4
5-100
5.11.4.1
5-100
5.11.4.2
5-100
5.11.4.3
5-101
5.11.4.4
5-102
5.11.4.5
5-103
5.11.4.6 ,
5-106
5.11.4.7
5-107
5.11.4.8
5-108
5.11.5
5-108
5.11.5.1
5-108
5.11.5.2
5-108
5.11.5.3
5-109
5.11.5.4
5-110
5.11.5.5
5-112
5.11.6
5-113
5.11.7
5-114
5.11.7.1
5-114
5.11.7.2
5-115
5.11.8
5-116
5.11.8.1
5-116
5.11.8.2
5-117
5.11.8.3
5-118
5.11.8.4
5-118
5.11.8.5
5-118
5.11.9
5-119
5.11.9.1
5-119
5.12
5-120
5.12.1
5-120
5.12.2
5-120
5.12.2.1
5-120
5.12.2.2
5-121
5.12.2.3
5-122
5.12.2.4
5-123
5.12.2.5
5-124
5.12.2.6
5-124
5.12.2.7
5-125
5.12.2.8
5-126
5.12.2.9
5-127
5.12.2.10
5-127
5.12.3
5-129
5.12.3.1
5-129
5.12.3.2
5-131
5.12.4
5-131
5.12.4.1
5-131
5.12.4.2
5-131
5.12.4.3
5-133
5.12.4.4
5-133
5.12.5.
5-135
5.12.5.1
5-135
5.12.5.2
5-136
5.12.5.3
5-138
5.12.6
5-138
5.12.6.1
5-138
5.12.6.2
5-138
5.12.6.3
5-139
5.12.6.4
5-140
5.12.7
5-142
5.12.7.1
5-142
5.12.7.2
5-142
5.12.7.3
5-142
5.12.7.4
5-142
5.12.7.5
5-143
5.12.8
5-143
5.12.8.1
5-143
5.12.8.2
5-143
5.12.8.3
5-143
5.12.8.4
5-144
5.12.9
5-144
5.12.10
5-144
5.12.10.1
5-144
5.12.10.2
5-145
5.12.10.3
5-147
5.12.10.4
5-147
5.12.10.5
5-148
5.12.11
5-148
5.12.11.1
5-149
5.12.11.2 (, )
5-150
5.12.12
5-151
5.12.12.1
5-151
5.12.12.2
5-152
5.12.12.3
5-152
5.12.12.4
5-154
5.12.13
5-154
5.12.13.1
5-154
5.12.13.2
5-154
5.12.14
5-155
5.12.14.1
5-155
5.12.14.2
5-155
5.12.14.3
5-157
5.12.15
5-157
5.12.15.1
5-157
5.12.15.2 1200mm
5-158
5.12.15.3 1200mm
5-158
5.13
5-160
5.13.1
5-160
5.13.1.1
5-160
5.13.1.2
5-160
5.13.1.3
5-160
5.13.1.4
5-161
5.13.1.5
5-161
5.13.1.6
5-163
5.13.1.7
5-165
5.13.1.8
5-168
5.13.1.9
5-170
5.13.2
5-170
5.13.2.1
5-170
5.13.2.2
5-170
5.13.2.3
5-171
5.13.3
5-171
5.13.3.1
5-171
5.13.3.2
5-172
5.13.3.3
5-172
5.13.3.4
5-176
5.13.3.5
5-176
5.13.3.6
5-177
5.13.3.7
5-177
5.13.3.8
5-178
5.13.4
5-178
5.13.4.1
5-178
5.13.4.2
5-179
5.13.5
5-179
5.13.5.1
5-179
5.13.5.2
5-180
5.13.5.3
5-181
()
5.1
,

, .
5.2
(factored load)
-
- (, ,
)
- 4
2
- 2-

-
,
,
(disturbed region) , D-
.
- D- ,
5-1
B- .
-
1.0 .
(nominal value of material)

- ,

(design value of material)
- ,

(characteristic value of material)
- ()
. ()
() .
(sustained loads, or permanent combination)
-
- ,
.

- , 1-
- .
- 2-
,

.
(skin reinforcement)
-

.
-
.
() .
5-2
5.3
-
.
.
((influence of load)
- , (),
, , ,
(combination of actions)
- ,

5.3
ISO 3898:1987
.

= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( 5.8.1 )( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( 5.7.8 )( mm )
= ()( mm )
= ()( mm )
= ( mm )
m in
= ( mm )
= ()( mm )
= ()( mm )
m ax
= ()( mm )
5-3
= 2
= 2
= 2
= ( )
m ax
m ax
m in
= ,
= (mm)
= T-, I-, L- (mm)
= (nominal width)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
5-4
5.3
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ( , MPa)
= 28 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 0.05 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ( , MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= () (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (= , MPa)
= ()
= ;
5-5
m ax
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
m ax
= (mm)
= (mm)
m in
= (mm)
= (mm)
m in
= (mm)
m in
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)( (5.8.4) )
= (mm)
= (5.7.2.3(3) )
= ()
= ()
= ()
= -
5-6
5.3
= ( 5.7.1 )
= ( 5.4.1 )
= ( 5.4.1 )
= (5.5.1.6 )
= 2-
= t
= 5.10.4.2(5)
= 5.10.4.2(7)
= 5.10.4.2(8)
= (, , )
= (, , )
5-7
5.4
5.4.1
(1)
, ,
, .
(2) ,

.
5.4.2
5.4.2.1
(1) .
, .
(2) ,
,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
5.4.2.2
(1) , 3
.
(2)
, .
5-8
5.4
5.4.2.3
(1)
.
.
(2) .
.
(3) .
5.4.1
.
, 5.4.1
.
5.4.1
-I, -II, -III, -IV, -V

-I, -II
-I, -III, -IV, -V
0.65
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.90
1.0
1.0
1.0
5.4.2.4
(1)
.
(2)
.
5.4.2.5
(1) ,
.
(2) .
5-9
5.4.3
5.4.3.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
.
5.4.3.2
(1)
,
.
,
.
2 ,
, .
, 3
1.0 .
(2)
, 3 .
,
.

.
3 ,
3 ,
.
5-10
5.4
5.4.3.3
(1) 3
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6) , , 1.0 .
5.4.3.4
(1) .
(2) 5.9
.
5-11
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.1.1
(1) 90 MPa
.
5.5.1.2
(1) KS F 2403( )
KS F 2405( ) 28
.
(2)
.
.

(5.5.1)
, 40 MPa
4 MPa, 60 MPa 6 MPa,
40 MPa 60 MPa .
(3) , .
.

(5.5.2)
exp
5-12
: 28
(5.5.3)
5.5
: ()
:
= 0.35 : 1
= 0.15 : 1
= 0.25 : 3
= 0.12 : 3
= 0.40 : 2
(4) ,
.
() ,
.

(5.5.4)
() ,
.
(5.5.5)
,
.
() ,
.
(5.5.6)
() .

(5.5.7)
() ,
.
5-13
(5.5.8)
, : (5.5.3)
: 28
28
: 28
(5) 5.5.1 .

.
(6) .
(7)
.

(5.5.9)
, .
5.5.1
1,001
1,200
1,201
1,400
1,401
1,600
1,601
1,800
1,801
2,000
1,250
1,450
1,650
1,850
2,050
1,350
1,550
1,750
1,950
2,150
(kg/m3)

(kg/m3)
5.5.1.3
(1) ( )
.

MP a
, kgm .
5-14
(5.5.10)
5.5
(2) (5.5.10)
.

(5.5.11)
, .
(3) 1/6,
0 .
(4) , .
(5) ,
.
(6) .

(5.5.12)
, , 28 .
(5.5.3) .
5.5.1.4
.
(1)
, ,
, , , , , ,
(5.5.13) .

(5.5.13)
, (5.5.10)
(5.5.14) .
5-15
(5.5.15) .

(5.5.14)
(5.5.15)
, , 28
. (5.5.3) .
(2) (5.5.13) 20,
20 .
(5.5.16)
(5.5.17)
(5.5.18)
(5.5.19)
(5.5.20)
(5.5.21)
(5.5.22)
(mm)
(mm)
(5.5.1) .
(%)
(3) , (5.5.16)
.
()
20
5-16
5.5
exp

(5.5.23)
(5.5.24)
, (), ()
, .
()
(5.5.17)
(5.5.25) .

exp
(5.5.25)
, (5.5.2) (5.5.3) .
()
5 80
(5.5.18) (5.5.27), (5.5.22) (5.5.29)
(5.5.26) .

(5.5.26)
(5.5.27)
exp
(5.5.28)
exp

(5.5.29)
5-17
5.5.1.5
(1) ,
(5.5.30) .

(5.5.30)
, (5.5.31) (5.5.34)
, ().

(5.5.31)
(5.5.32)
(5.5.33)
(5.5.34)
(2) 20 (5.5.35) (5.5.36)

.
exp
(5.5.35)
(5.5.36)
5.5.1.6 -
(1) -
1 -
.( 5.5.1)
5-18
5.5
(5.5.37)
, ,
,
.( 5.5.2)
(5.5.37) - ,
.
5.5.1 -
5.5.2 -

(MPa)
()
()
18
21
24
27
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
1.83
1.90
1.97
2.03
2.09
2.18
2.26
2.42
2.57
2.68
2.79
2.80
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.3
(2) -
- - (
5.5.2).
(5.5.38)
(5.5.39)
, 5.2.3.2 ,
5-19
,
,
.
40 MPa , , , 2.0, 0.002, 0.0033 .

40 MPa 10 MPa , ,
0.0001 0.0001 , (3.43) .(
5.5.3)

(5.5.40)
(5.5.41)
(5.5.42)
5.5.2 -
5.5.3 -
(MPa)
18
21
24
27
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
2.0
1.92
1.50
1.29
1.22
1.20
()
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
()
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
5-20
5.5
(3) -
-
.
.
,
- - . ( 5.5.3)

(5.5.43)
(5.5.44)
(5.5.45)
,
(5.5.46a),
(5.5.46b) .

m in
(5.5.46a)
(5.5.46b)
, : ,
(MPa),
( mm ),

( mm),
( mm ),
m in
( ) : ,
( mm ),
( mm ),
m in
( mm),
5-21
m ax
( mm ),

( mm), (5.3.46b)
( 5.5.3 ).
(a) -
(b)
5.5.3 -
5-22
5.5
5.5.1.7
(1)

.

(5.5.47)
, , 5.2.1 .
0.85.
(2)

.

(5.5.48)
, , 5.4.1 ,

0.85 , 1.0 .
5.5.1.8
(1)
28
(5.5.2) .(
(5.5.24) ) 1.0. , (5.5.49)

.

log
log
(5.5.49)
,
.
5-23
(2)
, (5.5.23)
.
(5.5.20) () (5.5.23)
(5.5.24) .
.
a) .
b) 0.
5.5.2
5.5.2.1
(1) KS D 3504( ), KS D
3552() KS D 7017() .
.
(2)
. ,
.
(3)
.
5.5.2.2
(1)
.
(2) MP a
. , 8 .
(3) ( : 0.2% )
1 .
1.3 .
- 5.5.4 .
5-24
5.5
(4)
KS D 0816-0892 , KS B 0804
.
.

30% .
.
(5) KS B 0802 .
(a)
(b)
5.5.4 -
5.5.2.3
(1) 5.5.2.2
. .

(5.5.50)
(2) -
5.5.5 .
5.5.5
- .
(3) 7,850 kgm .
(4) 200 GPa( kN mm ) .
5-25
(5) .
.
-
kfy
fy
kfsfy
fyd
eyd ey
eud
eu
5.5.5 -
5.5.3
5.5.3.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) KS D 7002(PC PC) KS D 3505(PC )
KS ,
, .

.
(4)
. ,
KS
.
5-26
5.5
(5) , ,
, , .
0.2 % ( = ).
(6)
.
(7) 5.5.3.2(2) .
(8) , KS
.
(9) 5.5.3.2(2) ~
, .
(10) .
(staggered) .
(11) (bow
height) KS .
5.5.3.2
(1) KS D 3505, KS D 3552 KS D 7002 .
(2) (, ) .
(Grade), ( ),
( ) ( ) .
(Class), .
()

(3) KS
.
(4) - ( ) ( )
0.2 %
.
(5) - KS D 3505, KS D 3552 KS D 7002
.
5-27
(6) - ,
KS . 5.7.3
.
(7)
- 3 .
- Class 1: -
- Class 2: -
- Class 3: (hot-rolled)
20
1,000 (%) .
, ,
. .
( ) .
, Class 1
8 %, Class 2 2.5 % Class 3 4 % .

. . (5.5.51) (5.5.52)
, (5.5.53)
.

Class 1:
Class 2:
Class 3:
(%)
(5.5.51)
(%)
(5.5.52)
(%)
(5.5.53)
, =
= (5.6.7.3(1) )

.(5.6.7.4(1) )
5-28
5.5
= ()

, .

= 20, 1,000
(%)
() ( 57) .
.
, 30
.
5.5.3.3
(1) ,
.
(2) , 200 GPa .
195 210 GPa .
(3) 200 GPa .
185 205 GPa .
(4) .
, 7,850 kg/ m
,
7,850 kg/ m
(5) .
.
(6) -40 +10
0 .
(7) -
(5.4.2.3 ).
(8) - .

5-29
5.5.6 -
5-30
5.6
5.6
5.6.1
(1) 4 .
(2) , ,
. ,
, , ,
5.6.4.4 - .
(3)
. 5.7.1.2(5)
.

, .
(4)
, 2

.
(5) .

(6)
.

( )

(7)
.
5-31
5.6.2
5.6.2.1
(1) , , , , ,
,
.
4
.
5 ,
.
()
() 2.0 4

, .
() 1,500 mm
() 4
() 10
() 1/10
() 50 mm . ,
40 mm
4 3
, .
5.6.2.2
(1) T 4 .
(2) .

, =
= ( 5.6.1 )
5-32
(5.6.1)
5.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
5.6.1
(3)
, 0.65
.
(4)
.
(5)

.
5-33
(5.6.2)
, , ( 5.6.1b ).
5.6.3
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
(5.6.3) .
-
- 0.5 2

(5.6.3)
=
( , 5.12.2.1(3) )
= 5.5.1.6
5.6.4
5.6.4.1
(1) .
(2) .
(3) . (limit analysis)
,
.
5-34
5.6
(4) .
5.6.4.2
(1) 5.6.4.3
.
(2) ,
.
.

( 40 MPa)
( 40 MPa)
0.5 2.0 .
5.6.4.3
(1) .
.

( 40 MPa)
( >40 MPa)
( ) ( ) .
(2) ( ) .

(5.6.4)
= (
)
= ( )
= 5.6.2 40 MPa 80 MPa
.
5-35
5.6.2 ( )
5.6.4.4 -
(1) - .
( ) .
(2) - ,
. -
.
(3) - 5.7.5.15.7.5.4 .
(4) - .
5.6.5
(1) , ,
. 1 2
.
5-36
5.6
(2)
.
(3) ,
, .
5.6.6
5.6.6.1
(1) ()
22
.
(2)
.
,
40 . (),
() .
(3) 4.5.3.2 2( )
,
.
(4) 4.5.3.3(2) ,
4.5.3.3(2)
5.6.6.2 . 1.4 .
(5) 4.5.3.3(2)
,
.
(6)
,
2 , 1
.
(7) 2 .
5-37
5.6.6.2
(1)
4.5.3.3(2) 2)
.
(2) ,
. .
2 .
: 5.5.1.3
2 : .
-0.35
-0.70
-0.70
-0.35
: 1.0
(3)
, 1
. , 1
.
(4)
. .
(5) .
(6)
1.0 . 5.6.6.2(2)
.
(7) 5.6.6.2(2)
1.0 .
(8) , ,
.
5-38
5.6
(5.6.5)
(5.6.6)
= (MPa)
= 2( mm )
= (MPa)
= 2( mm )
= ,
,
(+).
(9) ,
.
5.6.7
5.6.7.1
(1) .
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) .
(5) .
- 30 MPa ,
35 MPa .
-
5.6.1
.
5-39
5.6.1

5.6.7.2
(1)
, (, )
.
m ax
(5.6.7)
, , m ax
. 5.5.3.1(6)
.
5 %
. ( )
.
(2)
.
,
. 100 %
50 % .
100 % , 30 % 100 %
.

.
5-40
5.6
(5.6.8)
,
. 5.4.2.3 . ,

.
.
(3)
,
, .
5.6.7.3
(1) () (),
.

(5.6.9)
,
, .
(2) ( )
.
(3) .
-
-
-
-
(4)
. 5.6.7.3(3) ,
PS .
5-41
5.6.7.4
(1)
.
() : ( PS, )

() :

() :

(2)

()
.
()
.

(5.6.10)
, =
1(
). .

() ,
.

, : ( )
5-42
(5.6.11)
5.6
:
: (/)
:
() (5.6.11) , 5.6.2
.
() , m 0.001
~ 0.007 .
()
.
5.6.2 ,
0.17
0.25
0.14
0.18
0.12
0.19
0.24
0.12
0.16
0.10
0.65
0.33

()
.
() .
(3)
.
()

()
.
0.8
.
5-43
x (5.6.12)
(5.6.12)
,
= , ,

= (5.5.30)
=
= PS (5.5.3.4(2) )
= ( (5.5.10) )
= , (5.5.51) (5.5.53)
,

=
=
=
=
=
= 2
=
(5.6.12) (-) .
(5.6.12) ,
.
,
.
5-44
5.6
5.6.7.5
(1) 2 .
(2) 1 2
(5.6.2 ).
(3) 2
, .
(4) .
.
(5) .
5.6.7.6
(1) (
5.6.7.3(4) ). (3) .
.
(2) , PS
.
, 5% .
(3)
.
.

,
1.0 .
5.6.7.7
(1) .
.
5-45
(5.6.13)
(5.6.14)
, ,
.
(2) .
=1.05, =0.95 :
=1.10, =0.90 :

1.0 .
5.6.8
(1) .
(2) ,

.
(3) .
(4) .
5-46
5.7
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.1.1
(1) , ,
.
5.7.5
.
(2)
.

.
.
5.5.1.6 - .
5.5.2.3.( 5.5.5) - .
5.5.2.3( 5.5.5) -
. .
5.7.1.2
(1)
5.5.1.6
, 5.5.2 5.5.3
.
(2) 5.7.1 .

5.7.1
.
5-47
5.7.1
(3)
5.5.1.6
.
(4)
, 5.7.1.1(2)
.
(5)

. 20 mm
. .
(6)
.
.
(7)
.
-III ,
-III

(5.7.1) .

m in

5-48
(5.7.1)
5.7
, =
=
5.7.1.3 2
(1) 2 5.7.1.2
, 2) 3) .
(2) (5.7.2) , (5.7.3)
2 .
(5.7.2)
(5.7.3)
,
= ,
= ,
= ,
= ,
=
=
=
=
= 2
= 2
=
5-49
5.7.2
(3) 5.7.1.2 2
.
(5.7.4)
, , : 2 y z
, : y z
=
,
, ,
,
,
.
=
= ,
5-50
5.7
5.7.2
5.7.2.1
(1) 5.7.5 -
(5.7.5) .

(5.7.5)
, , .
(2) 5.7.2.2
.

(5.7.6a)
(3) 5.7.2.3
.
m ax . ,
m ax
(5.7.6b)
(4) ,
.
(5)
. 5.12.2
.
(6)
5.7.2.3 .
(7) m ax
.
(8) ,
. .
(9) .
5-51
5.7.2.2
(1) (5.7.7) ,
(5.7.8) m in .
(5.7.7)
m in
(5.7.8)
= 5.4.1
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
=
, mm
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
= ( +)
= ( mm )
(2)
(5.7.7) .
(5.7.9)
.
= 2
= 1
1.0 :
= 1.0 :
5-52
(5.7.9)
5.7
(MPa) : +
(3)
(5.7.10) .
, , (5.7.11)
m ax .
(5.7.10)
m ax
(5.7.11)
(5.7.12)
(4) (5.7.13)
, (5.7.14) m in
.
(5.7.13)
m in
(5.7.14)
=
= 5.5.1
0.005 .
(5)
.
.

, .
5-53
5.7.2.3
(1) ,
(5.7.15) .
cot
(5.7.15)
(2) (5.7.16) ,
(5.7.17) m ax
. (5.7.22)
m ax .

cot
m ax
cot tan
(5.7.16)
(5.7.17)
, =
=
= ,
= (5.7.12)
.
m ax

5-54
(5.7.18)
5.7
5.7.3
(3) (5.7.19) ,
(5.7.20) m ax
. (5.7.22)
m ax .

cot cot sin
cot cot
cot
m ax
(5.7.19)
(5.7.20)
.
m ax
sin

cos

(5.7.21)
(4) ,
(5.7.16) (5.7.19)
, (5.7.22) m ax .
m ax m ax
(5.7.22)
m ax (5.7.17) (5.7.20) , .

(5.7.23a)
(5.7.23b)
(5.7.23c)
5-55
, =
(5)
.
sin
(5.7.24)
, (5.7.10) ,

( 5.7.4 ),
. (5.7.17) (5.7.20)
m ax .
5.7.4
(6) m ax
.

(5.7.25a)
(5.7.25b)
, , .
5-56
5.7
(7) (5.7.26)
.
cot cot
(5.7.26)
(8) ,
.
(9) ,

.
(5.7.16) (5.7.27)
.
cot tan

(5.7.27)
, ,
.
(5.7.28)
tan .
cot
(5.7.28)
5.7.5
(10) (1) (8)

(5.7.29) m ax .
(5.5.9) .
5-57
(5.7.29)
5.7.2.4 T
(1)
(5.7.30) .
(5.7.30)
, 5.7.6
, ,
0
,
.
5.7.6
(2) (5.7.31) .

cot
(5.7.31)
, =
= .
cot
5-58
( )
cot ( )
5.7
(3) .
sin cos
(5.7.32)
(4)
(5.7.31)
. ,
, .
,
.
5.7.7 .
(5) .
(6) .
5.7.2.5
(1) 5.7.2.1 5.7.2.4
(5.7.33) .

(5.7.33)
, =
=
(2) (5.7.34) .

(5.7.34)
=
=
=
5-59
(3) (5.7.35) .
sin cos
(5.7.35)
, = 5.7.1
= ( +)

.
,
= 5.7.7
= (5.7.12)
5.7.7
5.7.1

40 mm 3 mm
5 mm 5.7.7

(4)
5.7.1 .
(5)
5-60
5.7
5.7.3
5.7.3.1
(1)
.

.
5.8.3 5.12.2
.
(2) .
. T

.
(3) T
,
.
5.7.3.2
(1) (5.7.36)
( 5.7.8 ).

(5.7.36)
(5.7.37)
, =
5-61
= ,
=
=
=
= ,
:
:
=
=
=
5.7.8
(2) 5.7.2.3
. .
(4) .
(3) .

cot

, =
=
=
5-62
(5.7.38)
5.7
.
.
.
.
(4) .
.
m ax
.
m ax m ax
(5.7.39)
m ax m ax
(5.7.40)
=
m ax sincos
= (5.7.12)
m ax = 5.7.2.3
(5) 5.12.2.7
.

(5.7.41)
(5.7.42)
(6)

,
.
,
.
5-63
5.7.3.3
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
- , .
, .
5.7.4
5.7.4.1
(1)
.
(2) 5.7.9 .
5.7.9
(3)
.
5.7.4.2
(1)
. .
5-64
5.7
: ()
: ()
m ax : ()
(2) .
m ax
.

.
5.7.4.4
.
(3) (5.7.43) .
(5.7.43)
, =
=
=
(4)
(5.7.43) , .
(5.7.44)
, =
= ,
( 5.7.2 ).
=
=

= : 5.7.10
5-65
(5.7.45)
, :
=
5.7.2
0.5
0.45
1.0
2.0
0.60
0.70
3.0
0.80
5.7.10 -
(5)
.
(6) .
(7)
.
5.7.4.3
(1) .

5-66
(5.7.46)
5.7
, = MPa

, mm

, .
, ( )
, , ( +)
, = ,
.
.
.
(2) .
(5.7.47)
, =
5.7.4.4
(1) , .

sin
(5.7.48)
,
=
=
=
= MP a
= (mm)
=
(2) 5.12.4.4(3) .
5-67
(3) ( , 5.7.11 )
(5.7.49) .
(5.7.49)
( , 5.7.11 )
.
(4) , ,
.
.5.7.11
5.7.5 -
5.7.5.1
(1) - .
(2) .
(3) ,
.
(4) ,
.
5-68
5.7
5.7.5.2
(1) , (, )
(5.7.50) .( 5.7.12(a) )
(5.7.50)
m ax
.
(2)
.
0.4 % ( 5.7.12(b) )
m ax
(5.7.51)
0.4% ( 5.7.12(c) )
m ax
(5.7.52)
m ax
(5.7.53)
m ax
(5.7.54)
, = 1
2
.
(3) 5.7.2.2 5.7.2.3
.
5.7.12
5-69
5.7.5.3
(1) 5.5.2 5.5.3 .
(2) .
(3) .
5.7.5.4
(1) -
.
(2) .
.
(3) .
(4) ,
.
(5) .
(C-C-C , 5.7.13(a) ):
m ax
(5.7.55)
, m ax , , .
- (C-C-T , 5.7.13(b) ):
m ax
(5.7.56)
, m ax .
- (C-T-T , 5.7.13(c) ):
m ax
(5.7.57)
(6) 1 (5) 10 %
.
5-70
5.7
3

(7) 3 3 m ax
(5.5.43) (5.5.44) .
(8) - .
.( 5.7.13 )
. .
5.11.4 .
(9) 3 5.7.13(a) .
(5) .
(10) 5.7.13(c) .
(5) . 5.11.2 .
5.7.13
5.7.6
(1)
.
(2) (5.7.58) .
5-71
(5.7.58)
, = ( 5.7.14 ),

.
5.7.14 .

.

.
(3) ,
.
5.7.14
5.7.7
5.7.7.1
(1)
5.7.15 , .
5-72
5.7
5.7.15
(2) , 2
,
.
cot
(5.7.59)
tan
(5.7.60)
tan cot m ax
(5.7.61)
, = (+)
=
=
m ax =
=
=
() .
(3) .
(4) 50 MPa , (3)
(5.7.61)
(5.7.62) .
m ax
(5.7.62)
, =
5-73
=
= (5.7.12)
15
, 5 .
(5)

.
m ax

(5.7.63)
, .
(6) 2
(5.7.64) .

m ax

(5.7.64)
, , 50
MPa .
5.7.7.2
(1) ,
.
(2) .
,
.

.
(3) 5.7.16
,
. .
5-74
5.7
5.7.16
(4) 5.7.2
.
(5) 5.7.16 , ,
,
.
-1
(5.7.65)
-2
(5.7.66)
-1

(5.7.67)
-2

(5.7.68)
-1

-2

(5.7.69)
(5.7.70)
, , .
(6) (5) 5.7.7.1
, .
5-75
5.8
5.8.1
5.8.1.1
(1)
,
.
5.8.1.2
(1) 5.8.1
.
.
(2)

.
(3) (0) 5.8.2
.
. .
5.8.1

(EC1)
(
; EC2, EC3, EC4 )
(
; ED1, ED2, ED3, ES1, ES2, ES3)
5-76
5.8
5.8.2

()
(0)
-I
-III/IV
-I
0.2
-V
-III/IV
0.2
-III/IV
0.3
-V
0.3
5.8.2
5.8.2.1
(1)
.
-V
.
-I
.
.
(2)
.
-I .
-V
.
5.8.2.2
(1) 5.8.2.1
.
5-77
-I
, .

.

.
10 15
.

5.8.3.2 .
5.8.3
5.8.3.1
(1)
. 5.8.2
.
(2) 5.8.3.4 . 5.8.3.3
.
(3)
.
(4) .
(5)
,
.
(6) 5.8.4 5.8.5
0.2 mm, 0.3 mm
.
5-78
5.8
5.8.3.2
(1) .

,
.
(2) ,
m in (5.8.1) .

m in
(5.8.1)
, =
= ,
= ,
=
= 1.0 :
: T

= (= )
= ( +)
=
: m
m : m
=
= 1.5
= :
=
5-79
= 1.0 : 300 mm
= 0.65 : 800 mm
.
(3) 150 mm
.
,
.

(5.8.2)
, = 5.8.3 , 50 MPa
70 MPa
=
=
=
:
= : 7 1
= : 3 1
1.0
.
(4) -I ,
.
5-80
5.8
5.8.3

PC

MPa
MPa
0.3
0.15
0.6
0.5
0.25
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.8
0.7
0.35
5.8.3.3
(1) 5.8.3.2
, 5.8.4 5.8.5
.
.
(2) 5.8.3.2
,
5.8.4 ,
.
5.8.4

*

(MPa)
160
200
240
280
320
360
5.8.5

(mm)
32
25
16
14
10
8
25
16
13
8
6
5
(mm)

(MPa)
160
200
240
280
320
360

300
250
200
150
100
50
200
150
125
75
-
200
150
100
50
-
5-81
(3) 1,000 mm ,
.
, (5.8.1) 0.5
.
5.8.4 5.8.5 ,
.
(4) ,
.
(5)
. 2
.
(5.8.3)
, ( +) .
,
5.8.4 5.8.5 .
,
5.8.3.3 5.8.3.4 .
(6)
. .
(7) 2 .
5.8.3.4
(1) (5.8.4) .
m ax
(5.8.4)
, m ax ,
,
.
5-82
5.8
(2) (5.8.5) .

(5.8.5)
, =
= ,
= 0.6, 0.4
= (5.8.6)
(5.8.6)
, = 5.8.1
=
= , ,
= (5.8.2)
5.8.1
(3) ,
(5.8.7a),
5-83
(5.8.7b) .

m ax
(5.8.7a)
m ax
(5.8.7b)
, =
= , 0.8, 1.6
= , 0.5,
1.0
=
=
,
5.8.3.2(3)

.
(4) 2
m ax .
m ax
cos m ax sin m ax
(5.8.8)
, , m ax m ax
.
5.8.4
5.8.4.1
(1) ,
, , .
5-84
5.8
(2) , 1/800 ,
1/1,000 .
(3) 1/300 ,
1/375 .
(4) 5.8.4.2 /- 5.8.4.3
.
5.8.4.2
(1) (5.8.9) /- ,
5.8.4.1 (2) (3) .

(5.8.9a)
(5.8.9b)
,
= ( 5.8.6 )
= (
= ( )
= ( )
= (MPa)
(2) (5.8.9) 5.8.4.3

500
MPa 60 % 310 MPa .
, .
.
(5.8.10)
5-85
,
=
=
= ( )
(3) 3 ,
.
(4) m
( ) .
5.8.6 /

1.0
14
20
, 1- 2

1.3
18
26
1.5
20
30
( )
1.2
17
24
0.4
, 1- 2
5.8.4.3
(1)
5.8.4.1
(2) ,
, (5.8.11) .

(5.8.11)
, (, , )
, ,
5-86
5.8
. (5.8.12) .
(5.8.12)
, ,
1.0 0.5 ,
,
. .
(3) (5.8.13)
.
(5.8.13)
, .(5.5.1.4 )
(4) (5.8.14) .
(5.8.14)
, =
= ,
= (5.5.1.5 )
= 1
= 2
5-87
5.9
5.9.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3) 3 3.4.1
.
(4) 3.6.1.4 3.4.1

.
(5) -III 5.9.2
.
(6) 1.5

.
5.9.2
(1) 3.4.1
(5.9.1) .
m in
(5.9.1)
(2) 3.4.1
(5.9.2) .
m in
(5.9.2)
, =
m in = 3.4.1 ( +)
5-88
5.9
(3) (1) (2) 1/3

.
5.9.3
(1) .
125 MPa : 9000 mm
70 MPa : 3600 mm
(2) 3600 mm 9000 mm
.
5.9.4
(1) 5.9.1
.
5.9.1

126 MPa
- ,
, -
V-
84 MPa
28 MPa
(2) 1 log MPa

. , (5.9.1) (5.9.2)
.
(5.9.1) (5.9.2) .
5-89
5.10
5.10.1
(1)
, .
(2) , ,
.
(3) , (5.10.2 ),
(5.5.1.4 5.5.1.5 ) .
(4) , , 5.8.3
. 5.10.1
.
(5) ,
.
(6) 5.10 . ,
, 5.10
. , 5.10
.
5.10.1
( 5.10.2)

(MPa)

EC1
EC2
21
24
EC3

EC4
30
ED1
ED2
ED3
ES1
35
30
30
ES2
ES3
35
( 5.10.2)
E0
(MPa)
5-90
18
/
EF1
EF2
24
EF3
EF4
30
EA1
EA2
30
EA3
35
5.10
5.10.2
(1) .
(2) 5.10.2 .
5.10.2
1.
E0

:
/,

:

2.
EC1
EC2
EC3
1,2
EC4
EC2

3.
ED1
ED2
ED3
4.
ES1
ES2
ES3
5-91
5. /
EF1
EF2
EF3
EF4
6.
EA1
EA2
EA3
1.
EC3 .
2. EC3 .
3. 6 m , , ,
(expansion joints) .
(3) 5.10.2
.

( )

5-92
5.10
5.10.3
(1)
.
(2) .

(; , , )
5.10.4
5.10.4.1
(1) ( , )
.
(2) , m in (5.10.4.2 )
(5.10.4.3 ) .
m in
(5.10.1)
5.10.4.2
(1) m in .

()

5-93
(2) m in .
m in max m in m in mm (5.10.2)
,
m in = (mm)
m in = (mm)
= (5) (mm)
= (7) (mm)
= (8)
(mm)
(3) 5.10.3
m in .
(4) m in
5.10.4 .
(5)
. ,
.
= 5 mm(ED1/ES1), 10 mm(ED2/ES2), 15 mm(ED3/ES3)
(6) 5.10.1 ,
,
5 mm
.
E0 (EC ) : 5 MPa
(ED, ES ) : 10 MPa
(7)
.
. 0 mm ,
0 mm
.
5-94
5.10
(8)
. 0 mm ,
0 mm .
(9)
5.10.3
.
25 MPa .
.(28 )
.
(10) 5 mm .
(11) EF EA (5.10.4)
. (EF ) ,
. , (EA )
.
(12)
10 mm .
(13) , ,
.
5.10.3 m in

( min)
(5.11.7.1 )
:
: 1/2 50 mm

, 80 mm .
: 2
: 3
1 : 32 mm m i n 5 mm .
5-95
5.10.4 , m in (mm)

E0
EC1
EC2 / EC3
EC4
ED1 / ES1
ED2 / ES2
ED3 / ES3
20
25
35
40
45
50
55
20
35
45
50
55
60
65
5.10.4.3
(1) ( ) .
,
.
(2) 10 mm .
(3) .
- ,
.
mm mm
(5.10.3)
-
.
mm mm
(5.10.4)
(4) .
20 mm,
50 mm.
.(5.10.4.2(12) )
5-96
5.11
5.11
5.11.1
(1) , ,
. , , ,
, , .
(2) .
5 mm .
5.11.2
5.11.2.1
(1) ,
.
(2) 5.11.1 .
5.11.1
(1)

D16
1.25
D19
2.5
3.5
(2)
2.5
2.5
10 *)
*) 2.5 .
prEN ISO 17660 Annex B .
5-97
(3)
.
- 5

- 5.11.1

(5.11.1) .

(5.11.1)
,
=
=
= ( ) 1/2,
/2 .
55 MPa .
5.11.3
5.11.3.1
(1) .
1.5
1.5
40 mm
(2)
.

1.33
25 mm
(3) , 150 mm
25 mm ,
5-98
5.11
.
(4) (1),(2),(3)
.
5.11.3.2
5.12 5.8.3.2
.
5.11.3.3
(1)
5.11.5.7 (
) 1.33 5.11.3
.
5.11.3
(mm)
(mm)
15.2
14.3
50
12.7
11.1
44
9.5
38
.
1.33 , 25 mm .

.
4 .
5-99
(2)
38 mm 1.33
.
900 mm 3
. 100
mm . 2 2
. 38 mm , 1.33
.
75 mm .
(3)
5.12.2.10
.
5.11.3.4
(1) 1.5 , 450 mm
.
(2) 4 .
5.11.4
5.11.4.1
, ,
.
.
5.11.4.2
(1) 90 150 , 150 ,
(loop), .
.
5-100
5.11
90 150 5 .
150 5 .
.
0.6
.
5.11.1
(2) .
5.11.4.4 5.11.4.5 .
5.11.4.3
(1) .
(2) .

(5.11.2)
, =
= ( 5.4.1)
5-101
= 50 MPa
= 50 MPa ( 3.07 MPa)
.
= ,
= 1.0 :
= 0.7 :

=
= 1.0, 32 mm
= (132- )/100, 32 mm
a) b)
c) d) - -
5.11.2
5.11.4.4
(1) ( )
.
.
5-102
5.11
(2) .
(3) .

(5.11.3)
, .
5.11.4.3 .
(4) (pairs of wires/bars) (welded fabric)

(5.11.3)
.
5.11.4.5
(1) .
m in
(5.11.4)
5.11.4 .
: ( 5.11.1 )
: ( 5.11.3 )
a)
min
b)
c)
min
5.11.3
:
: ,
.
: (plane of splitting)
5-103
( ) 0.7
:
5.11.3 .
: (5.11.3) .
m in : ,
: m in max mm
: m in max mm
5.11.4

( 5.11.1(a),(b),(c))
( 5.11.3 )

( 5.11.1(a),(b),(c))

5-104

5.11.1(d)

5.11
5.11.5
5.11.6
5.11.5
5.11.7
5.11.5
5.11.6
5.11.7

m in
m in
: . ( () , 0())
: 5.11.4
: (MPa)
* 5.11.4.7 (direct support) , m in

. , 15
mm .
5.11.4
5-105
70mm
50mm
D10~D25

D29~D35
D38
5.11.5
5.11.6 5.11.4
( )
5.11.7 5.11.4

5.11.4.6 ,
(1) , , .
.
(2) 5.11.8 .
EN10080 EN ISO 17660 5.11.4.7(2)
.
5.11.8 ,
5-106
5.11
5.11.4.7
(1) 5.11.4.5, 5.11.4.6 .
.
.
5.11.9
(2) ( 14 mm-32 mm) .

(5.11.5)
,
= ( .
, , )
=
=
=
= ( )
= ( )
=
(3) (5.11.5)
.
(4) 1.4 .
(5) 12 mm MP a ,
. 12 mm
.
5-107
(5.11.6)
, = ( (5.11.5) )
= mm
= mm
, (5.11.6) 1.4
5.11.4.8

. .

.
.
5.11.5
5.11.5.1
(1) .
-
-
-
(2) ,
.
5.11.5.2
(1) .
- .
5-108
5.11
- .
- .
(2)
- .
(4) .
- .
(3) 5.11.10 .
- 4 50 mm .
, 4 50 mm
.
- ( ) 0.3 .
- , 2 20 mm .
(4) (3) ,
100 % . ,
50 % .
.
5.11.10
5.11.5.3
(1) .
m in
(5.11.7)
m in max mm
(5.11.8)
5-109
5.11.4 . ,
m in
. 1 . ,
.
1.5 . ,
0.65 .( 5.11.11) 5.11.5

.
5.11.5

25 %
33 %
50 %
50 %
1.15
1.4
1.5
) .
5.11.11
) . 50%
=1.4.
5.11.5.4
(1)
.
20 mm
25 % ,
.
20 mm , (
5-110
5.11
) ( )
( ).

. 50 % ,
(a) 10 ( 5.11.10 )
U .
5.11.12(a)
.
(2)
4
. ( 5.11.12(b))
(a)
(b)
5.11.12
5-111
5.11.5.5
(1)
5.11.13 (intermeshing) (layering of
fabrics) .
.
, (lapping arrangement) 5.11.5.2
. . ,
.
(a) ()
(b) ()
5.11.13
,
80 % .

.
, ,
25 % .
.
, 5.11.5 .
,
.
- mm m , 100 %
- mm m , 60 %
,
( ).
5-112
5.11
1.3 ( 5.11.5.3 .).

.
(2) (Secondary) (distribution)
. lo
5.11.6 .
5.11.6 (secondary layered fabric)

mm
; 1
mm
; 2
mm
; 2
5.11.6
(1) 32 mm .
(2) ,
.
(3) .
.
.
(4) , 1.0 m
80% .
(5)
.
(6) , (5)
.
- :
- :
,
=
5-113
=
=
5.11.14
(7)
5 .
(8) ,
.
5.11.7
5.11.7.1
(1) .
4 , D35 2

(2) , .
. 1.7
.
(3) .
.
5-114
5.11

mm
(5.11.9)
,
.
;
;
(4) 5.11.3 .
.
(5) ,
.
(6) .
40 .

.
5.11.7.2
(1) . 32
mm .
32 mm 5.11.15
.
(2) ( )
, ( 5.11.15 ) .
.
5.11.15
5-115
(3) . 32 mm
12 mm 4 .
.
5.11.7.3
(1) 5.11.5.3 .
(2) 32 mm 2
.
(3) 32 mm 2 3
, 5.11.16
. 1 .
4 .
5.11.16 4
5.11.8
5.11.8.1
(1) ,
.
(2)
. 2 D13
.
.
5-116
5.11
5.11.8.2
(1)

. 0.0
.

. 60
5.11.8.2 (2) . 5.11.8.2 (3)
.
(2)
(mm) .

(5.11.10)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 1.0 ,
= 1.6 ,
.
(5.11.10) .

(5.11.11)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 28 (MPa)
5-117
300 mm
(5.11.11) 1.3 .
(3)
(5.11.10) =2.0
. 25% .
40% .

.
.
. .
5.11.8.3
300 mm
.
, D10
. 450 mm 1.5
.
5.11.8.4
, 7500 mm
.
5.11.8.5
50%
, , 2
.
2 .
5-118
5.11
5.11.9
5.11.9.1

. 750 mm .
5-119
5.12
5.12.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) .
5.12.2
5.12.2.1
(1)
(5.12.1) (5.12.2) .
5.8.3.2 .

m in
(5.12.1)
m in
(5.12.2)
-
() m in (5.12.1)
(5.12.2) .
() 1/3
.
()
.
3 450 mm .
(2) (1)
.
(3) (5.12.3)
.
5-120
5.12

m ax

(5.12.3)
, m ax =
= / ,

= 5.5.3
(4) 0.04
, 0.04
.
(5) ,
1.15 .
(6) ,
15%
.
(7)
.
.
5.12.2.2
(1)
.
(2) 5.7.2.3(6)
.
, 5.12.1
.
.
5.12.1 .
5-121
cot cot

(5.12.4)
, =
=
(3) 5.12.1
.
.
(4) , ,
. .
5.12.1
5.12.2.3
(1) 1/3
.
(2) 5.7.2.3(6)( ) .
,
.

(5.12.5)
, ( 5.12.2.2(2) ).
5-122
5.12
(3) .

( 5.12.2 ).
(a) (b)
5.12.2
5.12.2.4
(1) 1/4 .
(2) . , 16 mm
2 , 16 mm
4 ( 5.12.3(a) )
.
(3)
. 5.12.3(b)(c)
.
(a)
(b)
5.12.3
(c)
5-123
5.12.2.5
(1) , .
(2) ,
. D32 D10 ,
D35 D13
, 16 .
5.12.2.6
(1) 45 90 .
(2) .
- U
( 5.12.4 )
-
-
5.12.4
(3) .
.
(4) 50 % U .
(5) (5.12.6) .
sin
5-124
(5.12.6)
5.12
.
m in

(5.12.7)
(6) m ax .
m ax cot
(5.12.8)
(7) .
m ax cot
(5.12.9)
(8) .
m ax mm
(5.12.10)
(9) 15
.
5.12.2.7
(1) ,
( 5.12.5 ). 1/4
.
(a)
(b)
5.12.5
5-125
(2) 5.12.2.6 (5) (6) .

(3) .
(5.7.3.2 5.7.8 ). 5.12.2.6(6)
.
(4)
. 350 mm .
5.12.2.8
(1) (skin reinforcement)
.
(2) .
- 32 mm
- 32 mm ( 5.12.6 )
5.12.6
.
5.12.6 (c )
(3)
.
( 5.12.6 ).
(4) 70 mm
, .
(5) 5.10.4.2 .
5-126
5.12
(6) ,
.
5.12.2.9
(1)
. .
(2) .
5.12.7
.
5.12.7
5.12.2.10
(1) .
0.6 420 MPa .
3 600 mm .
(2)
, .
1.5 .
(3) .

5-127
- .
(5.12.11)
= (N/mm)
= 3.4.3 (N)
= (mm)
-
.
- (pull-out)
.

(5.12.12)
(5.12.13)
,
= 2 (N/mm)
= + (mm)
= 5.4.2.3
= (MPa)
- (5.12.12)
,
.
-
.
- .
- 90
5-128
5.12
.
(5.12.12)

-
.
(5.12.14)
= (N/mm)
= 3.4.3 (N)
= (mm)
- (5.12.13) ,
.
.
5.12.3
(1) ( ) ( ) 5 1 2
(5.6.2.1 ).
5.12.3.1
(1)
5.12.2.1(1) (3) . 5.12.2.1 (1)

1.2 .
5-129
1 20 % .

.
.
- : mm ( )
- : mm
.
- : mm
- : mm
5.12.2.2
.
(2)
, 1/2
5.11.5.2 .
,
25%
. 0.2
. ,
. 15 % .
(3)

.
(4)
,
5.12.8 .
.
5.12.8
5-130
5.12
5.12.3.2
(1) 200 mm .
(2) , 5.12.2.6
.
(3) .
m ax cot
(5.12.15)
:
m ax
(5.12.16)
5.12.4
5.12.4.1
(1) .
(2) (drop panel) .
(3) , ,
. .
5.12.4.2
(1) (4 )
, .
.
, 40%
. .
(2) . (-)
.
(3) 5.12.9 , 5.12.1
.
(4) 5.12.9 ,
5-131
,
.
(5)
( 5.12.10 )
. .
.
5.12.1

(-)
(+)
60-80 %
50-70 %
40-20 %
50-30 %
) 100 % .
: ( /3) , .
.
5.12.9
5-132
5.12
-
: .
Note: , .
a)
b)
5.12.10
5.12.4.3
(1) ,
.
.
) .
) ,
.
.
1.0 .
)
.
(2) 5.12.4.2 .
5.12.4.4
(1)
0.67
5-133
1/2 .
( 5.12.9 ).
2
.
(2)
5.12.10
( ) .
(3) 2()
2 (5.7.4 )
1.5 2
. 2 ( 5.12.11 ).
0.75 .

( 2 ) 1.5 ,
2 ( 5.7.8 ).
2 m in (5.12.17) .
m in sin cos

(5.12.17)
= (, , sin )
= 1 MPa
, 0.25
.
/2
. . 1
30 .
5-134
5.12
a)
b)
5.12.11 2
5.12.5.
5.12.5.1
(1)
.
.
(2) .
.
;
;
;
L .
(3) . ,
.
(4) 1:2 4.6.2
.
(5) ,
220 mm . 200 mm
. 5.10 .
5-135
(6) 5.7.2.5 ,
6 .
(7) 25 .
.
(8) 5.7.4 .
(9)
.
.
5.12.5.2
(1)

.
.
.
3 ,
.
,
.
(2) ,
.
,
,

(3)
, , ,
.

5-136
5.12

.
6 15
150 mm
3.6 m
, , 240 mm

5
3
, 27 MPa

,
.
(4)
4 .
,
.
4 .

: = 0.3 %
= 0.3 %
: = 0.3 %
= 0.3 %
(5)
SD400 .
.
100 mm 300 mm . ,
.
20
,
(4) 2 .
5-137
5.12.5.3
(1) 5.12.5.1
.
(2)

.
.

(m).

1/2 , 50 % .
.
5.12.6
5.12.6.1
(1) 4 .
5.12.6.2
(1)
.
5-138
(5.12.18)
5.12
(5.12.19)
,
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)

= (MPa)
(2)
.

(5.12.20)
, = ( mm )
(3) 1 ,
4 .
5.12.6.3
(1) , ,
, .
.
(2) 1/4 .
5 mm .
(3) .
(4) 5.12.6.4(3) 5.12.6.5(3) .
(5) ,
5-139
(4) 0.6
.
(6) D13 (4) 0.6
, 3
.
(7) D35 2
(4) 1/2 .
(8)
. 1/12
.
(9)
135
,
600 mm .
(10)
135 , 90
. , 135 6 80 mm
, 90 6 .
(11) ,
.
(12) 1/2
,
1/2 .
(13)
.
5.12.6.4
(1) 5.12.6.3
.
(2) 9 mm , ,
5-140
5.12
, .
.
(3) 25 mm , 1.33
6 , 150 mm .
(4) 1.5 .
(5) .
48 , 72 ,
48

5.12.6.5
(1) 5.12.6.3 .
(2) .
D32 : D10
D35 : D13

: D16
.
(3) 20 , , 400 mm
. D32 ,
, 150 mm .
(4) 135
,
600 mm .

150 mm .
(5)
.
(6)
,
.
5-141
5.12.7
5.12.7.1
(1) .
2 1 .
2 .
5.12.7.2
(1) 1.5 450 mm .
1.25 300 mm
.
5.12.7.3
(1) 2 .
135 90 .
.
.
600 mm .
(2)
. 1
.
5.12.7.4
90 .
. , 4

.
5-142
5.12
5.12.7.5
(1) .
2 90
U- .
(2) 90
.
.
5.12.8
5.12.8.1
4 .
- (5.7.5 ).
(5.12.3 ).
5.12.8.2
(1) ,
, 0.002 0.04 .
(2) , 1/2 .
(3) 3 400 mm .
5.12.8.3
(1) .
25 % .
(2) 400 mm .
5-143
5.12.8.4
(1)
(5.12.6.3 ).
(2) 4
. 16 mm 2
.
5.12.9
(1) (5.6.2.1(1) )
.
1 m 150 mm2( mm m ) .
(2) 2 300 mm
.
(3) ,
, U
.
5.12.10
5.12.10.1
(1)
. .
(2) -
.
(3) .

.
.
5-144
5.12
(4) .
.
(5) 45
( 5.12.12). .
5.12.12
5.12.10.2
(1)
5.11.4 . 5.12.10.2(2)
.
50 %10 %
( 5.12.13).
.
,
.
5-145
5.12.13
(2)
5.12.14
.
.

(5.12.21)
= ,
= A B
= , C
C = m ax
C . ,
( 5.12.14),
.
5.12.14 .

.
5-146
5.12
.
m in .
.
5.12.14
5.12.10.3
(1) (Tie beams) .
.
(2) , 10 kN/m
.
5.12.10.4
(1) 5 MPa
. h
( 5.12.15 ).
(2) 5.12.22 ( 5.12.15 ).

(5.12.22)
5-147
a)
b)
c)
5.12.15
5.12.10.5
(1) .
(2) .
(3) 600 mm 5.12.2
.
(4) 16 mm . 6
. 200 mm .
5.12.2
,
5.12.11
(1) 5.7.5 - , 5.11
.
(2) 5.11.5 .
5-148
5.12
5.12.11.1
(1)
, m ax 5.7.5.2 .
(2)
( 5.12.16(a) ), .
.
5.12.16(b) tan -
.
.
.
(a)
(b)
5.12.16
(3)
5.12.17(a) 5.12.18(a) -
5-149
. 5.12.17(b) 5.12.18(b)
U
.
5.12.18
.
(a) -
(b)
5.12.17 ( )
(a) -
(b)
5.12.18 ( )
5.12.11.2 (, )
(1) 5.12.18 5.7.5 -
. tan .
(2) ,
( 5.12.19(a) ).
5-150
5.12
(3) , (5.7.2.2 ) ,
( 5.12.19(b) ).
(4) .
.
(5) ,
.
5.12.18 -
(a)
(b)
5.12.19
5.12.12
5.12.12.1
(1)
.
5-151
(2) 5.6.1
.
(3) 5.4.3.2 ,
5.5.1.2 .
5.12.12.2
(1)
. , .
1.5
.
(2)
.
5.12.12.3
(1) - , ,
.
(2) .
:
:
:
:
(3) (2 ) ,
.
5.6.7.2
5-152
(5.12.23)
5.12
. , c/a c'/a'
. a a' .
.
(

.) .
, 1.2Max(c.c').
, .
(4) (3)
.
(5.12.24)
, 5.6.7.2
1.2 .
(5) (5.6 )
. (2) .
. 300 MPa .
(6) ( 5.12.20 )
. tan .
5.12.20
5-153
5.12.12.4
, ,
.
5.12.13
5.12.13.1

.

(5.12.25)
,
= , 140 MPa (MPa)
= h/4 ( mm )
h = (mm)
4 % .
.
5.12.13.2
, 1.5d
. D10
150 mm .
,
.
5-154
5.12
5.12.14
5.12.14.1
(1)
(tying system)
.
(2) .
(peripheral tie)
(internal tie)
(horizontal column or wall tie)
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) , ,
.
5.12.14.2
(1)
,
.
(2)
1.2 m
. .
.
N m kN
(5.12.26)
=
=
5-155

.
(3)
.
,
.
, , ,
.
0.5 m .
.
kN m
(5.12.27)

. .
kNm kN
(5.12.28)
(m)( 5.12.21 )
.
5.12.21
(4)
.
5-156
5.12
(m) kN
. kN .
.
.
(5)
/
.
,
(diaphragm action) (membrane action)
.

,
.
5.12.14.3
(1) .
(2) .
.
(3) .
.
5.12.15
5.12.15.1

.
.
5-157
5.12.15.2 1200 mm
(1) ,
.
.

(5.12.29)
,
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
(2) . 150 mm
1 . 3
450 mm .
,
0.75 MPa .
1,800 mm 5.11.3.3 . 1400 mm
.
(3) 300 mm
.
(5.12.30)
5.12.15.3 1200 mm
(1) 1200 mm D19 450
mm ,
.

5-158
(5.12.31)
5.12
= (mm2)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(2 + ) 75 mm .
(2) 5.12.14.2
.
5-159
5.13
5.13.1
5.13.1.1
(1)
.
(2) .

( )

()
5.13.1.2
(1) .
-
-
-
(2) .
.
5.13.1.3
(1)
. , 5.7.2.5 .
5.12.2.2 .
(2)
.
5-160
5.13
5.13.1.4
(1)
.
(2) ,
. , .
(3) ,
5.13.1 6 mm 200 mm
.
(4) ,
.
(5) 5.13.1.3 .
5.13.1 2
5.13.1.5
(1) ,
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) 5.13.2 3 .
(5)
5-161
.
( ) .
.

(5.13.1)
, ,
500 mm.
a)
b)
c)
5.13.2
(6)
.

.
.
.
.
(7)
. .
(8) 40 mm 5.7.2.5
.
.
(9) .
.
(10) .
(11)
0.1 MPa,
0.15 MPa . , 5.7.2.5 .
5-162
5.13
5.13.1.6
(1) .
.
, .
.
.
(2) .
(3) 5.10.2 E0 EC1
. .
(4) , .
(5)
.
(6) .

(7) , .
.
(8) .
10 % .
,
.
()
. .
.
. 5.13.3(a)
, 5.13.3(b)
. (a) 5.7.5 . (b)
.
5-163
, (b) (5.13.2) .

(5.13.2)
5.7.6 .
(a)
(b)
5.13.3
(9) (
) 5.7.2.5 .
(10) .
.
.
-
-
-
-
- ( )
(11) 5.7.5 .
5.13.4 . .
5-164
5.13
5.13.4
(12)
5.13.5 . ,
.

, , 5.13.5
5.13.6 .
5.13.5
5.13.1.7
(1) ,
.
(2) , , ,
5-165
.
(3) (2)
.
.
(4)
.
(5)
.
(6) 5.13.6 .

(5.13.3)
,
= , ,
5.13.1 .
=
=
=
= ( 5.13.6
5.13.2 )
=
=
= ,
=
.
= :
= :
5-166
5.13
(7) ,
.
600 mm .
5.13.6
5.13.1 ( mm)

0.15~0.4
( )
25
30
40
55
70
80
()
90
110
140
5.13.2 ( mm)

( MPa )
,

( MPa )

0.15
0.15~0.4
0.4
10
10
15
10
15
10
15
25
10
15
25
20
25
35
10
15
(-)
20
25
(-)
(-)
5-167
5.13.3 ( mm)

( )
15,
.
15
15
5.13.4

mm
mm
,
(8) .
20 mm .
,
.
,
.
5.13.1.8
(1) ,
. .
(2)
.

5-168
5.13
, . 5.11.5.3
( 5.13.7(a)
). .
5.7.4
5.13.7(a) / .
.
(3)
5.13.7(b)
, , .
.
0.3 .
.

.
.
(a)
(b)
5.13.7
5-169
5.13.1.9
(1)
.
5.13.2
5.13.2.1
(1) , I, T
.
5.13.2.2
(1) , ,
,
. .
(2) .
: 50 mm
, : 125 mm
, : 165 mm
: 125 mm
(3)
.
(4)
, ,
.
(5) , , , , , ,
.

.
(6) 90 90
5-170
5.13
. 90 28
1.15 .
5.13.2.3
(1) T
,
1/20
.
(2) 140 mm ,
1/16, 1/30 .
(3) , ,
.
(4) T 5.11
.
(5) 0.5 %
. 450 mm .
5.13.3
5.13.3.1
(1)
.
.
(2) ,

.
5-171
5.13.3.2
(1) 4 5.7
.
(2) 5.13.3.3 ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4)
, .
5.13.3.3
(1) 3 (2), (3) (4) .
(2)
,
.
= :
2 % .
= .
= : ,
480 N m .
480 N m , 240 N m .
= : , ,
,

= :
= :
= :
. ,
5-172
5.13
= 3
= MPa
= :
240
N/m2
=
=
. 100%
= : ( ) ( )
(3) 5.13.5 .
5.8.2 .
.
0.5 . .
5.13.5 .
(4) 5.8
.
:
(5.13.4)
(5.13.5)
(5) .
.
(6) 5.5 .

.
.
(7)
5-173
.
5.7 .
5.13.5
1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

b 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

c
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

d 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

2
1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.50
0.58
0.30
0.33

3
1)
2)
3)
(8)

.
.
,

.
5% .
3
.
.
25 % .

.
5-174
5.13

, ,
. 10 %
.
(9)
, .
(10) .
.
- 1/30.
.
- 225 mm
, 200 mm .
4500 mm
. 12.7 mm .
.
- : 200 mm
- : 300 mm
- : 375 mm
, 175 mm .
0.45 .
2
1/1000
. 3.6.1.1 ,
.
(11)
.
(12) 3.10.9.4
.
5-175
5.13.3.4
(1)
.
(2) 17 MPa ,
21 14 .
(3)
.
.
0.2 MPa 0.3 MPa
.
(4)
. .
5.13.3.5
(1) .
(2) , ,
2 .
(3) . 5.13.3.3(3)
1.5 . ,

25 m/sec .
(4)
.
(5)
,
.
5-176
5.13
5.13.3.6
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) .
5.13.3.7
(1) 5.9.2
.
(2) ,
.
(3) 0 0.04
.
(4) .
: 5 mm
: 2.5 mm
: 2.5 mm
: 2.5 mm
(5) 1% .
(6) 1/2 5.13.3.3
1/2 .
0.58
.
(7)
. .
.
.
75 mm .
150 mm .
5-177
,
.
(8) , T
1/3 . 50 %
. .
(9) , 6 mm .
2.1 m
. D16 125 mm
.
(10) .
(11)
2 mm .
5.13.3.8
(1) 5.8 5.10 .
(2) , ,
. .
(3) 5.13.5
.
(4)
.
5.13.4
5.13.4.1
(1)
.
5-178
5.13
5.13.4.2
(1) , 2
.
1/2 4.5.3.2 .
(2) 4.5.3.3 . 2
5.5
.
(3) . 1%
. ,
.
(4) 7.5 m
. ,
. ,
.
5.13.5
5.13.5.1
(1) .
(2) 4.6.2 . 4.6.2
.
(3) , 600 mm
.
2
.
(5.13.6)
(5.13.7)
5-179
= (mm)
= (MPa)
(4) .
5.13.5.2
(1) .
(2) ,
, 140 mm
.
, 1.5 ,
20 % ,
175 mm .
(3) 5.13.2.1 .
(4) , 40 %
4.6.2.3 2 .
40 % , 4.6.2.2
, , 3 .
(5) ,
. 2
. 0.005 .
(6) 5 % 900 mm
. ,
.
(7)
. 3.5 MPa
.
.
(8) .
5-180
5.13
(9)
.
(10) .
5.13.5.3
(1)
.
.
(2) ,
140 mm, 175 mm .
(3) 175 mm
. . 24
35 MPa .
(4) , ,
.
(5) - .
(6) .
. 175 mm
, 1.7 MPa .
(7) 24 35 MPa
. 165 mm
.
(8) .

300 mm .
(9) 115 mm
. 5.10 . ,
.
5-181
()
6.1
6-1
6.2
6-1
6.3
6-8
6.4
6-18
6.4.1
6-18
6.4.1.1
6-18
6.4.1.2
6-21
6.4.2
6-22
6.4.3
6-22
6.4.4
6-22
6.4.4.1
6-22
6.4.4.2
6-24
6.4.4.3
6-24
6.4.5
6-24
6.4.6
6-25
6.4.6.1 ,
6-25
6.4.6.2
6-25
6.4.6.3
6-25
6.4.6.4
6-25
6.5
6-25
6.5.1
6-25
6.5.2
6-26
6.5.3
6-26
6.5.4
6-26
6.5.4.1
6-26
6.5.4.2
6-26
6.5.5
6-28
6.6
6-28
6.6.1
6-28
6.6.1.1
6-28
6.6.1.2
6-28
6.6.1.3
6-37
6.6.2
6-38
6.7
6-40
6.7.1
6-40
6.7.2
6-40
6.7.3
6-40
6.7.4
6-40
6.7.4.1
6-40
6.7.4.2 I
6-41
6.7.4.3
6-42
6.7.4.4
6-42
6.7.5
6-42
6.7.5.1
6-42
6.7.5.2 I
6-43
6.7.5.3
6-43
6.7.5.4
6-43
6.7.6
6-44
6.7.6.1
6-44
6.7.6.2
6-44
6.7.6.3
6-45
6.7.6.4
6-45
6.8
6-45
6.8.1
6-45
6.8.2
6-46
6.8.2.1
6-46
6.8.2.2
6-47
6.8.2.3
6-47
6.8.3
6-48
6.8.4
6-48
6.8.5
6-49
6.8.5.1
6-49
6.8.5.2
6-49
6.8.6
6-49
6.8.6.1
6-49
6.8.6.2
6-49
6.8.6.3
6-50
6.8.7
6-50
6.8.7.1
6-50
6.8.7.2
6-50
6.8.7.3
6-51
6.8.7.4
6-51
6.9
6-51
6.9.1
6-51
6.9.2
6-52
6.9.2.1
6-52
6.9.2.2
6-52
6.9.3
6-53
6.9.4
6-53
6.9.4.1
6-53
6.9.4.2 -
6-54
6.9.4.3.
6-55
6.9.5
6-56
6.9.5.1
6-56
6.9.5.2
6-57
6.10 I
6-58
6.10.1
6-58
6.10.2
6-59
6.10.2.1
6-59
6.10.2.2
6-59
6.10.2.3
6-60
6.10.3
6-60
6.10.3.1
6-60
6.10.3.2
6-63
6.10.3.3
6-64
6.10.3.4
6-65
6.10.3.5
6-66
6.10.3.6
6-67
6.10.3.7
6-67
6.10.4
6-68
6.10.4.1
6-68
6.10.4.2
6-73
6.10.4.3 -
6-80
6.10.4.4
6-83
6.10.5
6-84
6.10.5.1
6-84
6.10.5.2
6-84
6.10.6
6-85
6.10.6.1
6-85
6.10.6.2
6-85
6.10.6.3
6-85
6.10.6.4
6-86
6.10.7
6-86
6.10.7.1
6-86
6.10.7.2
6-87
6.10.7.3
6-87
6.10.7.4
6-91
6.10.8
6-95
6.10.8.1
6-95
6.10.8.2
6-98
6.10.8.3
6-100
6.10.9
6-101
6.10.9.1
6-101
6.10.9.2
6-101
6.10.10
6-102
6.10.10.1
6-102
6.10.10.2
6-107
6.11
6-110
6.11.1
6-110
6.11.1.1
6-110
6.11.1.2
6-111
6.11.2
6-112
6.11.2.1
6-112
6.11.2.2
6-116
6.11.3
6-117
6.11.3.1
6-117
6.11.3.2
6-117
6.11.4
6-118
6.11.5
6-118
6.11.5.1
6-118
6.11.5.2
6-118
6.11.5.3
6-119
6.11.5.4
6-119
6.11.6
6-119
6.11.7
6-119
6.12
6-120
6.12.1
6-120
6.12.1.1
6-120
6.12.1.2
6-120
6.12.2
6-121
6.12.2.1
6-121
6.12.2.2
6-121
6.12.2.3
6-123
6.12.3
6-124
6.12.3.1
6-124
6.12.3.2
6-125
6.13
6-126
6.13.1
6-126
6.13.2
6-127
6.13.2.1
6-127
6.13.2.2
6-127
6.13.2.3 , ,
6-128
6.13.2.4
6-129
6.13.2.5
6-130
6.13.2.6
6-130
6.13.2.7
6-132
6.13.2.8
6-133
6.13.2.9
6-135
6.13.2.10
6-136
6.13.2.11
6-137
6.13.3
6-138
6.13.3.1
6-138
6.13.3.2
6-138
6.13.3.3
6-140
6.13.3.4
6-140
6.13.3.5
6-140
6.13.3.6
6-140
6.13.3.7
6-141
6.13.4
6-141
6.13.5
6-142
6.13.5.1
6-142
6.13.5.2
6-142
6.13.5.3
6-142
6.13.6
6-143
6.13.6.1
6-143
6.13.6.2
6-147
6.13.7
6-148
6.13.7.1
6-148
6.13.7.2
6-148
6.14
6-150
6.14.1
6-150
6.14.2
6-150
6.14.2.1
6-150
6.14.2.2
6-150
6.14.2.3
6-150
6.14.2.4
6-151
6.14.2.5
6-151
6.14.3
6-151
6.14.3.1
6-151
6.14.3.2
6-151
6.14.3.3
6-152
6.14.3.4
6-152
6.14.3.5
6-152
6.14.4
6-152
6.14.4.1
6-152
6.14.4.2
6-152
6.14.5
6-152
6.14.5.1
6-152
6.14.5.2
6-153
6.14.5.3
6-155
6.14.6
6-160
6.14.6.1
6-160
6.14.6.2
6-161
6.14.6.3
6-164
6.14.6.4
6-164
6.14.6.5
6-166
6.14.6.6
6-166
6.15
6-168
6.15.1
6-168
6.15.2
6-168
6.15.2.1
6-168
6.15.2.2
6-168
6.15.2.3 2
6-168
6.15.2.4
6-169
6.15.2.5
6-169
6.15.2.6 (working line)
6-169
6.15.2.7
6-169
6.15.2.8
6-170
6.15.2.9
6-170
6.15.2.10
6-170
6.15.3
6-171
6.15.3.1
6-171
6.15.3.2
6-171
6.15.3.3
6-171
6.15.3.4
6-172
6.15.3.5
6-173
6.15.4
6-173
6.15.4.1
6-173
6.15.4.2
6-173
6.15.4.3
6-174
6.16
6-174
6.16.1
6-174
6.16.2
6-174
6.16.3
6-175
6.16.3.1
6-175
6.16.3.2
6-175
6.16.3.3
6-175
6.16.4
6-175
A -
6-176
A6.1
6-176
A6.2
6-178
B -
6-180
B6.1
6-180
B6.2
6-180
B6.3
6-180
()
6.1
, , , ,
.
6.2
2
- U
-
.
- , ,
- 40 %
- ()
6-1
- ,

- .
- ,

- , ,

6-2
6.2
-
100 %
- , ,

- , 0
.
-
,
- 2
- ,
1
- -
-
, ,
- ,
- ,
6-3
- ,
- (
)
- .
.
- ,
6-4
- ,
6.2
-
,
-
,
-
,

()
- ,
- ;

- , ,
-

.
6-5
- 40 %
- ,
- ,
- , , 2

- 2
-
V- .
- I
-
100 .
- , ( )

6-6
6.2
6-7
6.3
= ; ; ; (mm)
= ; ( mm )
= ; ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ; ( mm )
= ; ; ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
6-8
6.3
= ( mm )
= (mm); ;
(mm)
= (N)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= ;
(mm)
, , = 6.9.2
= (mm);
= ; ; ; (mm)
=
(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm);
( )
= , , , ,
, (mm); :
(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-9
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= II (MPa)
= ; ;
(MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ; (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
6-10
6.3
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
=
(MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa); (MPa)
= II (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (kN)
= (mm)
= 2( mm )
= 2( mm )
= ( mm )
= 2( mm ); 2
( mm )
= 2( mm )
6-11
= 2( mm ); 2
( mm )
= 2( mm )
= 3.6.2
= ( mm )
= ; ; 6.9.1
;
= ; ;
= ; ; (mm)
= ; (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= - (mm)
= (mm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
m ax
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
6-12
6.3
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
, = -, - (Nmm)
= ; (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
, = -, - (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= ; (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= (Nmm)
= ;
= ; ;
;
= 1/4 (N)
= (N)
= 3/4 (N)
6-13
(N)
=
(N)
m ax
= (N)
= ; ;
= (N)
= (N)
= ; ; (N)
= (N)
= ; ;
(N)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= 1
,
1 ( mm )
= ,
= (load-shedding factor)
= (N MPa)
= (N)
= (N MPa)
= (N)
6-14
6.3
= (mm)
= 1/3
(mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= ( mm ); (mm)
= , ( mm )
= ; (mm)
= (Nmm)
= (N)
= (N)
= (mm); (mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
6-15
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N); (N)
=
(mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= ( mm )
= (N)
= 3.4.1
= (MPa)
= C (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= b/t
= (DEG)
6-16
6.3
6-17
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.1.1
(1) 6.4.1 ( KS) .
6.4.1
1)
SS400
KS D 3515
SM400, SM490, SM490Y

SM520, SM570
KS D 3529
SMA400, SMA490, SMA570
KS D 3868
HSB500, HSB600, HSB800
KS D 3566
STK400, STK490, STK500
KS D 3568
SPSR400, SPSR490
KS D 3780
STKT540, STKT590
KS D 4108
SCW490-CF
KS F 4602
SKK400, SKK490
KS F 4605
SKY400, SKY490
KS D 3530
KS D 3558
SSC400
SWH400, SWH400L
KS D 3602
()
SDP1, 2, 3,
KS D 3858
SPY345, SPY345W, SPY450,

SPY345M
KS F 4603
SHP400W, SHP490W
KS F 4604
SY295, SY390
KS D 3542
SPA-H, SPA-C
KS D 3503
1) SS400 . , 22 mm SS400 , 2
SM .
(2) , , 2 6.4.2 KS
.
6-18
6.4
6.4.2 , , 2

KS D 3506

SGH400, SGH440, SGH490,
SGH540
SGC400, SGC440, SGC490, SGC570
KS D 3752
SM35C, SM45C
KS D 3710
SF490A, SF540A
KS D 4101
SC450, SC480
KS D 4102
SCMn1A, SCMn2A
KS D
1)
4106
SCW410, SCW480
KS D 4118
SCHB1, SCHB2, SCHB3
KS D 4301
GC250
KS D 4302
GCD400, GCD450
KS D 3509
SWRS
KS D 3510
SW-A, SW-B, SW-C
KS D 3514
KS D 3556
PW-1, PW-2, PW-3
KS D 3559
HSWR
KS D 7002
PC PC
SWPC1, SWPD1, SWPC2,

SWPD3, SWPC7, SWPC19
KS D 3505
PC
SBPR 785/1030, SBPR 930/1080

SBPR 930/1180
1) KS D 4106 SCW410, SCW480 .

, .
(3) 6.4.3 . ,
6.6.2 .
6-19
6.4.3
(mm)

6 8
16
25
32
40
50
80
SS400
SM400A
SM400B
SM400C
SM490A
SM490B
SM490C
SM490C-TMC
SM490YA
SM490YB
SM520B
SM520C
SM520C-TMC
SM570
SM570-TMC
SMA400A
SMA400B
SMA400C
SMA490A
SMA490B
SMA490C
SMA570
HSB500
HSB500L
HSB500W
HSB600
HSB600L
HSB600W
HSB800
HSB800L
1) 8 mm .
2) 25 mm 32 mm SM490YB .
6-20
100
6.4
6.4.1.2
(1) , , 6.4.4 KS
.
6.4.4 ,

KS B 1002
KS B 1010
,
,
F8T, F10(F8), F35

F10T, F10, F35
F13T, F13, F35
KS B 1012
KS B 1016
J, L
KS B 1324
KS B 1326
(2)
6.4.5 KS ,
.
6.4.5

KS D 3508
KS D 3550
KS D 7004
KS D 7005
KS D 7006
KS D 7023
KS D 7025
KS D 7101
KS D 7102
KS D 7103
KS D 7104
KS D 7105
KS D 7106
KS D 7109
6-21
6.4.2
.
6.4.3
(1) ,
.
(2) , , 6.4.4 KS
.
(3)
.
6.4.4
6.4.4.1
(1) 6.4.1 6.4.6~ 6.4.8
. , 6.4.6~ 6.4.8
6.4.1 KS .
6.4.6 (MPa)
6-22
SS400
SM490 SM520 SM570

SM400
SMA490 SM490Y SMA570
SMA400
40mm
235
315
355
450
40mm
75mm
215
295
335
430
75mm
100mm
215
295
325
420
100mm
400
490
520
1)
(490)
570
6.4
6.4.6 (MPa)()
SM490C-TM SM520C-TM
SM570TMC
C
C
HSB500
HSB600
HSB800
100mm
315
355
450
380
450
6902)
100mm
490
520
570
500
600
8002)
1) SM490Y 490 MPa

2) HSB800 80mm
6.4.7 (MPa)
STK400
SKK400
SKY400
STK490
SKK490
SPSR400
SPSR490 STK500
SKY490
SCW490-CF
STKT540 STKT590
235
245
315
1)
(325, 295)
325
355
390
440
400
400
490
490
500
540
590
1) SCW490-CF 40 mm 325 MPa , 40 mm 60 mm

295 MPa
6.4.8 (MPa)
245
1)
(235)
295
325
2)
(315)
345
390
450
355
315
206
245
315
400
490
490
450
3)
(485)
540
550
4904)
450
270
400
450
1)
2)
3)
4)
SSC400
SPY345
SWH400
SY295
SPY345W SY390 SPY450 SPA-H SPA-C SDP1 SDP2 SDP3
SWH400L
SHP490W
SPY345M
SHP400W
16 mm SHP400W 235 MPa

16 mm SHP490W 315 MPa
SPY345M 485 MPa
3 mm SPA-H 510 MPa
(2) 6.4.2 , , 2
KS . , KS
6-23
6.4.4.2
(1) 6.4.9 .
6.4.9 (MPa)
F8T
F10T
F13T
640
800
900
1000
1170
1300
(2) 6.4.10 ,
KS B 1002 .
6.4.10 (MPa)
SS400, SM400
235
400
(3) .
6.4.4.3
.
6.4.5
6.4.11 .
6.4.11

(MPa)
205,000
PS, PS, PS (MPa)
200,000
(MPa)
100,000
(MPa)
79,000
0.30
0.25
(/)
1.2
6-24
6.5
6.4.6
6.4.6.1 ,
, 6.4.1.1 KS .
6.4.6.2
19 mm, 22 mm 25 mm KS B
1062( ) . 235 MPa ,
400 MPa .
6.4.6.3
KS D 3698( ), KS D 3705(
), KS D 3706( ), KS D 3697(
) KS .
6.4.6.4
6.4.2 2 KS .
6.5
6.5.1
, ,
,
.
, ,
.
6-25
6.5.2
2.5.2.6 6.10.5 .
3.4.1 .
6.5.3
(1) 6.6 .
(2) 3.4.1 3.6.1.4 .
(3) 6.10.6 .
(4) 6.10.7.4(2) 6.10.7.4(3) .
6.13.2.10(3) .
6.6.2 .
6.5.4
6.5.4.1
3.4.1 .
6.5.4.2
.

()
()
( )
( )
6-26
6.5
F8T, F10T, F13T

F8T, F10T, F13T

- H

- H

- H
6-27
6.5.5
3.4.1 .
1.0 .

, 6.5.4.2 .
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.1.1
.
6.6.1.2
(1)
.
6.10.3.7
,
.
.
.
, 3.4.1
2 .
(2)
, .

6-28
(6.6.1)
6.6
= 3.4.1
= , 3.6.1.4
(MPa)
= 6.6.1.2(5) (MPa)
(3)
C
. 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.1
.
6.6.1
:

( 0.025 mm )

:
6.6.1
1, 2
3, 4, 5, 7
B'
B'
22
7
20 mm
20 mm
E'
E'

600 mm
8, 10
13
6-29

:
6.6.1
11, 12
8, 10, 11, 12
50 mm
6, 15
50 mm 12 ,
, 100 mm
15
15
E'
15
1.0 : 2.5

1.0 : 2.5

:
:
12 100 mm
< 25 mm

25 mm
:
600 mm
16
B
600 mm > 150 mm
150 mm > 50 mm
< 50 mm
16

600 mm
6-30
16
600 mm > 150 mm
150 mm > 50 mm
< 50 mm

150 mm
150 mm > 50 mm
< 50 mm

50 mm
< 50 mm
6.6
C

6.6.4

C'

:
6.6.1
14
6
50 mm
15, 17, 18, 20
50 mm 12 , , 100 mm
:
:
12 100 mm
< 25 mm
25 mm
,
:
E
E'
16
50 mm
< 50 mm

:

50 mm
< 50 mm

16
16
D
E
E
:

,

15, 17
7, 9, 15, 17
21
B
B
23,24
23,24
23,24
6-31
6.6.2
6-32
(1)

(2)

(3)
(4) ,
.
(5)
,

(6) 20%

(7)

>

(8)

(9)
6.6
(10)

( ,
)
C

6.6.4
(11)

(10)
(12)

6-33
6.6.1
6-34
6.6
(4)
6.14.5.3(7) ,
.
.
(5)
.
(6.6.2)
(6.6.3)
= 6.6.3 (MPa3)
= 6.6.4
= 3.6.1.4 ADTT( )

= 6.6.5 (MPa)
. .
(6.6.4)
= C (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-35
6.6.3 , A
3
, A (MPa )
82.0
39.3
B'
20.0
14.4
C'
14.4
7.21
3.61
E'
1.28
F8T
5.61
F10T
10.3
F13T
4.32
6.6.4 ,

>12000 mm
12000 mm
1.0
2.0
1)
1.5
2.0
2)
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.0

>6000 mm
6000 mm
1.0
2.0
6.6.5
6-36
(MPa)
165.0
110.0
B'
82.7
69.0
C'
82.7
48.3
31.0
E'
17.9
F8T
100
F10T
110
F13T
80
6.6
6.6.1.3
,
.
.
6.10.6 .
(1)
.
(cross-frame)
.

.
.
, 90,000 N
.
(2)
,
1/2 .
150 mm 1/2 .
100 mm
.
. ,
.
.

.
(3)
6.14.5.3(7) .
6-37
6.6.2
(1) 6.6.7
.
(2)
6.6.7 .
(3) 6.6.6 .
(4) .
6.6.6

(T)2)
1)
, ,

-15 T

( II )

, , ,

-25 T < -15

(, , )
-35 T < -25
1) ,
30 .
2) (T) 30 (100
) .
6-38
6.6
6.6.7
SM400B
SM400C
SM490B
SM490C
SM490C-TMC
SM490YB
SM520B
SM520C
SM520C-TMC
SM570
SM570-TMC
SMA400B
SMA400C
SMA490B
SMA490C
SMA570
HSB500
HSB500L
HSB500W
HSB600
HSB600L
HSB600W
HSB800
HSB800L
3)
0
27J
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-5
-5
0
0
0
0
-5
-5
-20
-5
-5
-20
-5
-20
-40
47J
27J
47J
47J
27J
27J
47J
47J
47J
47J
27J
47J
27J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J
47J

(-15)1)

(-25)1)

(-35)1)
2) (mm)
40
100
40
95
95
40
40
85
85
70
70
40
100
40
85
70
85
100
85
70
95
70
55
80
40
100
40
80
80
40
40
70
70
60
60
40
100
40
70
60
70
95
70
60
80
60
45
70
40
95
40
70
70
40
40
60
60
50
50
40
95
40
60
50
60
80
60
50
65
50
40
60
1. .
2. 30 (T) , 1
. SM520C ,
(T) -20 -15 -25 77.5 mm(
78 mm) . , -35T<-15 .
3. KS B 0810 .
6-39
6.7
6.7.1
.
6.7.2

.
,
.

6.7.3
, 8.0 mm
. , , ,
.
7.0 mm .
,
.
6.7.4
6.7.4.1

.
6-40
6.7
.
,

.
.
4.6.8 ,
6.8.4 6.9.3 .
6.6.1.3(1) .
6.14.2.4
.
6.7.4.2 I
1/2 ,
.

.
. 20
.
.

.
.
6-41
6.7.4.3
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
6.11.1.1
.
.
6.7.4.4
, .
.
.
.
1200 mm
.
6.7.5
6.7.5.1
,
. .
4.6.8
4.6.9
,
6-42
6.7
.
6.8.4 6.9.3 .
6.6.1.3(2) .
4.6.9 .
6.7.5.2 I
.
.

.
6.7.5.3
,
.

, .
,
,
.
6.7.5.4
. X
, , .
,
.
.
.
6-43
6.7.6
6.7.6.1
.
6.7.6.2
(1)
.

(6.7.1)
= (mm)
= (Nmm)
= (N)
= (MPa)
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.5.4.2
(2)
.

(6.7.2)
(6.7.3)
6-44
6.8
= (N)
= (N)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 6.5.4.2
6.7.6.3
.
(6.7.4)
,
= (MPa)
= (mm)
6.7.6.4
.
6.8
6.8.1
.
(6.8.1)
(6.8.2)
.
6-45

6.8.3
6.8.2.2
6.13.5.2
6.13.5.2 85 %
.
6.8.4 6.6.1 , 6.13.4
.
6.8.2
6.8.2.1
.

(6.8.1)
(6.8.2)
,
= (N)
= (MPa)
= ( mm )
= (N)
= (MPa)
= 6.8.3 ( mm )
= (
1.0 , 6.8.2.2 )
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.5.4.2
6-46
6.8
6.8.2.2

.

= 1.0
,
2/3 I I
T , 3
= 0.90
3
= 0.85
2 = 0.75
.
6.8.2.3
.
(6.8.3)
(6.8.4)
= 6.8.2.1 (N)
, = 6.10.4 6.12 (N mm)

, = (N mm)
= (N)
6-47
6.8.3
.
3.2 mm . 6.13.2.4(1)
6.13.2.4(2) 1.6 mm
. , ,
.
,
.
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.8.4
, , .

140
200
240
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-48
6.8
6.8.5
6.8.5.1

. .
6.13.2 .
6.8.5.2
2 .
,
1.25 . 38 mm .
.
.
6.8.6
6.8.6.1
(6.8.1) .
6.8.6.2
13 mm , 50 mm .
135 % .
75 % .
8 .
.
0.8 mm .
460 MPa 5
.
6-49
6.8.6.3
,
.
.
13 mm .
.
.
6.8.7
6.8.7.1
6.8.2.1 .
6.8.7.2
.

(6.8.5)
,
= (N)
= (mm2)
= (MPa)
= 6.5.4.2
.

, .
6-50
6.9
6.8.7.3

1.4 .

.
. 0.8
mm .
460 MPa
5 .
12 % .
12 % .
6.8.7.4

.
6.9
6.9.1

. 6.15.4 .
6.15.2.9 .
6-51
6.9.2
6.9.2.1
.
=
(6.9.1)
,
= 6.9.4 6.9.5 (N)
= 6.5.4.2
6.9.2.2
,
.
= 6.9.2.1 (N)
= 6.10.4 6.12 x (N mm)
= 6.10, 6.11 6.12 y (N mm)
= x (N mm)
= y (N mm)
.
2
4.5.3.3
6-52
(6.9.2)
(6.9.3)
6.9
6.9.3
.
:
,
= 4.6.6
= (mm)
= (mm)
, .
,

6.9.4
6.9.4.1
6.9.4.2 - , .
:
(6.9.4)
(6.9.5)
(6.9.6)
6-53
,
= (mm )
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 4.6.6
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.9.4.2 -
b/t .
(6.9.7)
,
= 6.9.1
= 6.9.1 (mm)
= (mm)
.

,
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-54
(6.9.8)
(6.9.9)
6.9
6.9.1 -

0.56

L L
0.75
0.45
L L

1.40

1.49
(cover plate)
1.86
6.9.2.2
.
6.9.4.3.
(1)
6.9.4.2 . - 75 %
.
(2)
6.9.4.2 6.8.5.2
.
(6.9.10)
6-55
= (N)
= 6.9.2.1 6.9.2.2 (N)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
6.9.5
6.9.5.1
. 6.12.2.3
.
6.9.5.2 .

(6.9.11)
(6.9.12)
(6.9.13)
(6.9.14)
(6.9.15)
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
6-56
6.9
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 28 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= 4.6.6
= 6.10.3.1(1)
= (mm). ,
0.3
= 6.9.2
6.9.2

1.0
0.7
0.85
0.6
0.4
0.2
4.5.3.3
.

(6.9.16)
6.9.5.2
(1)
4 % 6.9.5.1 .
4 % 5
. 20 MPa , 55 MPa .
400 MPa .
. .
6-57
(2)
6.9.4.2 .
(3)
. ,
.
16
48
1/2

.
6.10 I
6.10.1
.

. ,
.
. .
6.10.4
6.10.5
6.6.3 6.10.6
6.10.7
6.10.3.2
2.5.2.6(2) .
6-58
6.10 I
6.10.2
I . 6.10.2.2
.
6.10.2.1
.
(6.10.1)
,
2( mm )
2( mm )
6.10.2.2
.
(6.10.2)
(6.10.3)
,
= (mm)
= (MPa)
6-59
6.10.2.3
.

(6.10.4)
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
(6.10.5)
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.10.3
6.10.3.1
6.10.7.4
.
.
(1)

.

6-60
6.10 I

75 %
. 75 %
.
75 % .

. ,
. 3
.
.

. , 6.6.1.2(1), 6.10.5.1 6.10.10.2(1)
, 6.10.3.1(1)
.

4.6.7 .
(2)
, ,

.
6-61
(3)
1 .
, .
.
.
(4)

, ,
,
. ,
.

.
.
,
(mm)
(mm)
( mm )
( mm )
( mm )
( mm )
( mm )
(MPa)
6-62
(6.10.6)
6.10 I
(MPa)
(MPa)
(Mpa)
28 (MPa)
0 , 6.10.4.1(2)
.
.
(6.10.7)
6.10.3.2
(1)
,
.
,
. ,
.
(2)
6.10.4.1(4)
.
.

(6.10.8)
6-63
(MPa)
1.25 :
1.00 :
(mm)
(mm)
(MPa)
6.10.63 6.10.64
(mm)
(3)
,
.

(6.10.9)
,
6.10.7.3(3)
6.10.7.3(3) (N)
6.10.3.3
. 6.10.7.4
.
(1)
,
.
.
6-64
6.10 I
(2)
.

(6.10.10)
(6.10.11)
,
(mm)
(mm)
( mm )
( mm )
( mm )
(MPa)
(MPa)
(MPa)
6.10.3.4
.
:
:

:

6-65
6.10.3.5
(1)

. .
(6.10.12)
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= ((N mm)

. .
(2)
.
(6.10.13)
(6.10.14)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.4 (MPa)
= (N mm)
. 6.10.4.2(3)
6.10.3.5(1) .
6-66
6.10 I
6.10.3.6

. .

(6.10.15)
: 32 mm
: 32 mm
= 6.8.3 ( mm )
= ( mm )
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.5.4.2
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
(6.10.16)
6.10.3.7
3.4.1 II
(5.3.48) ,
1.5 % . 400 MPa
, D19 .
2 . 300 mm
. ,
6.10.7.4(3)
.
6-67
6.10.4
.

(6.10.17)
(6.10.18)
= 6.5.4.2
= (N mm)
= (MPa)
6.10.4.4 .
6.10.4 6.10.10 .
355 MPa
I 6.10.10 .
6.10.4.1
(1)
6.10.2 I .
460 MPa ,
, 6.10.4.1(2)
.
460 MPa

- 6.10.4.2(4)
.
- 6.10.4.1(4) .
6.10.3.6 .
6-68
6.10 I
(2)
.

(6.10.19)
,
= (mm)
= (MPa)
(6.10.19) , 6.10.4.2(2)
.
6.10.4.1(3) .
(6.10.19) 6.10.4.1(5) Q
6.10.4.2(4)
.
6.10.4.1(4) .
Q 6.10.4.1(5) .
(3)
.
(6.10.20)
,
(mm)
(mm)
6-69
6.10.4.1(6)
. , .
Q 6.10.4.1(4)
, Q 6.10.4.1(5) .
(4)
6.10.4.1(9)
.
(6.10.21)
,
(mm)
(mm)
(5) Q
460MPa ,
, Q
6.10.4.1(8) .
6.10.4.1(4) Q .
(6)

6.10.4.1(7) .
6-70
(6.10.22)
6.10 I
(6.10.23)
6.10.4.1(6) .
(interaction)
6.10.4.1(7)
.
(6.10.24)
, Q 6.10.4.1(4)
. Q 6.10.4.1(5) Q
.
(7)
.

(6.10.25)
(mm)
(mm)
(N mm)
(N mm)
(MPa)
, .
, 6.10.4.1.(6)
6.10.4.1(6) , 6.10.4.2(1)
6-71
. 6.10.4.1(6) 6.10.4.1(6) 6.10.4.2(3) Q

.
(6.10.25) 6.10.4.1(9)
.
(8) Q
6.10.4.1(7) .

(6.10.26)
(6.10.27)
, 6.10.4.1(4) .
(9)
(6.10.28) 6.10.4.2(4)
.

(6.10.28)
= 1/3
(mm)
= (MPa)
(6.10.28) ,
6.10.4.2(5) .
6.10.4.2(6)
.
6-72
6.10 I
6.10.4.2
.
(1)
.

(6.10.29)
,
6.10.3.1(3) (N mm)
(2)

.
,
(6.10.30)
(6.10.31)
,
(mm)
6.10.4.2(2) (mm)
(N mm)
,
. (6.10.30) (6.10.31) Mn
.
6-73
(6.10.32)
(6.10.33)
,
(N mm)

(N mm)

, 1.0 .
6.10.4.3(1)
( ) .
,
.

. , .
,
.
(6.10.34)
6-74
(6.10.35)
6.10 I
,
0.9( = 240`MPa)
0.7( = 360`MPa)
0.7( = 460`MPa)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(3) Q
.

(6.10.36)
(6.10.37)
(6.10.38)
(6.10.39)
, :
(6.10.40)
(6.10.41)
6-75
(6.10.42)
(N mm)
(MPa)
6.10.3.1(2) (N mm)
(4)

.
:

(6.10.43)
(6.10.44)
,
:

6-76
6.10 I
(mm)
(mm)
6.10.4.3(1)
6.10.4.3(2)
(MPa)
(6.10.45)
,
(MPa)
(5)

(6.10.44) .
.

(6.10.46)
(6.10.47)
6-77
,

:

(6.10.48)
(6.10.49)
,

(N)
(N)
(mm)
1/3
(mm)
(MPa)
6.10.4.3(1)
6.10.4.3(2)
1.75,

2.3,
() ( / )
.

.

,
(MPa)
6-78
(6.10.50)
6.10 I
(6)

(6.10.44) ,
.
,
(6.10.51)
(6.10.52)
(6.10.53)
(6.10.54)
(6.10.55)
5.76 ( D/2 )
4.64 ( D/2 )
6-79
6.10.4.2(5)
() 2( mm )
() ( mm )
6.10.3.3(1) (N mm)
6.10.4.3(1)
6.10.4.3(2)
(mm)
(mm)
(MPa)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(6.10.56)
,
(MPa)
6.10.4.3 -
(1) ,

1.0 .
1.0 .
6.10.4.3(1) 6.10.4.3(1)
6-80
6.10 I
. 6.10.3.1(3)
.

.
(6.10.57)
(mm)
(mm)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(mm2)
(mm2)

6.10.3.1(4)
10 % ,
.

(6.10.58)
6-81
= (MPa)
, ( mm )

.

(6.10.59)
(N mm)
(N mm)
(2) ,

(6.10.60)
(6.10.61) 1.0 .

(6.10.60)
(6.10.61)
6-82
(6.10.62)
6.10 I
(6.10.63)
(6.10.64)
(6.10.65)
,
5.76 ( /2 )
4.64 ( /2 )
(MPa)
( mm )
(mm)
(mm)

1.0 .
6.10.4.4
355 MPa ,
6.10.4.1(2) 6.10.4.1(3), 6.10.4.1(6) 6.10.4.1(6) 6.10.4.1(7)
, 10 %
.
6-83
. .
355 MPa
, 6.10.10 .
6.10.5
6.10.5.1
3.4.1 II .
6.10.4 .

.
, (6.10.8)
. 6.10.3.7 ,
.
.
6.10.5.2
.

(6.10.66)
(6.10.67)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
6.10.4.4 ,
.
6-84
6.10 I
6.10.6
6.10.6.1
.
6.10.6.2
3.6.1.4 3.4.1
2 .
6.10.6.3
.
(6.10.68)
(6.10.69)
= (mm)
= 6.10.6.2
(MPa)
= (MPa)
=
,
(6.10.63) (6.10.64) .
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-85
6.10.6.4
.

(6.10.70)
,
= 6.10.6.2
(MPa)
C
= 6.10.7.3(3)
= (MPa)
6.10.7
6.10.7.1
.

(6.10.71)
,
= 6.10.7.2 6.10.7.3 (N)
= 6.5.4.2
6.10.8.1, 6.10.8.3 .
6.10.6.4
, 6.10.7.3(3) .

3 , 6.10.7.3 .
6.10.7.2 .
6.10.7.3(3) 6.10.7.3(4) .
6-86
6.10 I
6.10.7.2
.

(6.10.72)
(6.10.73)
= 6.10.7.3(3) ,
5.0 .
= (N)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.10.7.3
(1)

6.10.7.3(4) 6.10.7.3(3) .
.
. 6.10.8
.
(2)

.
(6.10.74)
6-87
, .

(6.10.75)
(3)

6.10.7.1 .
,
(6.10.76)
(6.10.77)
,
= (N-mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.4 6.11.2.1(1)(MPa) (N-mm)
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.10.3.1(2) 6.10.3.3(1) (N-mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-88
(6.10.78)
(6.10.79)
6.10 I
(6.10.80)
(6.10.81)
(6.10.82)
(6.10.83)

6.10.7.1 .
,
(6.10.84)
6-89
(6.10.85)
(6.10.86)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.7.3(3)
= 6.10.4 6.11.2.1(1) (MPa)
(6.10.87)
(6.10.88)
= 6.10.7.3(3)
= (N)
.
(4)
6.10.7.3(3) .
.

6-90
(6.10.89)
6.10 I
6.10.7.4
(1)
,
. .
.
. ,
, 6.10.7.4(3)
.
6.10.3.7
.

.
.
.
4.0 . 5 mm
.

6.10.7.4(2) 6.10.7.4(3) .
6.10.7.4(4)
. .

(6.10.90)
= (mm)
= 2( mm )
= 1( mm )
6-91
= LL+IM(+) (N)
= 6.10.7.4(2) (N)
600 mm , 6
.

.
4
. 25 mm
.

50 mm .
50 mm .
(2)
.

(6.10.91)
(6.10.92)
= (mm)
= 6.6.1.2(5)
(6.10.90) .
6.6.1.2 .
(3)
(+) (-)
6-92
6.10 I
, .
.

(6.10.93)
= (mm2)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.7.4(2) (N)
1/3
. .
(4)

.

(6.10.94)
= 6.10.7.4(4) (N)
= 6.5.4.2
0
0 .
(6.10.95)
6-93
= 6.10.7.4(4) (N)
= 6.10.7.4(4) (N)

0
.

(6.10.96)
(6.10.97)
= 28 ( MP a )
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
0
.

6-94
(6.10.98)
6.10 I
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
(6.10.99)
,
= ( mm )

= 28 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 6.4.6.2 (MPa)
(6.10.100)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.10.8
6.10.8.1
(1)
L
. ,
.
.
6-95
(2)
.
(6.10.101)
(6.10.102)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(3) 2
2 .

(6.10.103)
(6.10.104)
= ,
2( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
, .
6-96
6.10 I
(6.10.105)
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 2( mm )
= (mm)
(4)
6.10.7.3
.
(6.10.106)
= 6.10.7.1 (N)
= (N)
= ; ( mm )
= 1.0 :
= 1.8 :
= 2.4 :
= 6.10.7.3(3)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
6-97
6.10.8.2
(1)
.

.

(6.10.107)
= 6.5.4.2
= (N)
= 6.10.7 (N)

. L
.
,
, .
(2)
.
= (mm)
= (MPa)
6-98
(6.10.108)
6.10 I
(3)
.

(6.10.109)
= (MPa)
= ( mm )
= 6.5.4.2
(4)

6.9.2.1 .
0.75 , .

.

.
.
(6.10.110)
, = (MPa)
= (MPa)
6-99
6.10.8.3
(1)

. (6.10.8)
.
. ,
, .
(2)
, .
(6.10.111)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
(3) 2
, .
.
(6.10.112)
(6.10.113)
= 2( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)
6-100
6.10 I
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
6.10.9
6.10.9.1
(mm) .

(6.10.114)
(mm)

20 mm .
2 .
.
.
6.10.9.2
(1)

.
.
10.1.2 .

.
75 mm .
6-101
(2)

. ,
.
(3)

.
6.13.2.8 .
,
.
6.10.10
6.10.10.1
(1)
355MPa
I .
.

6.10.10.1(2) 6.10.10.1(3) (mechanism method)
(unified autostress methods) .

, ,
.
.
6-102
6.10 I
(6.10.115)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(6.10.116)
= (mm)

(6.10.115)
(6.10.116) 75 % .
(6.10.117)

.
. .
6-103
(6.10.118)
= (mm)
=
(mm)
= (N mm)
=
(N mm)
= (MPa)
, .

6.10.8.2 .
(2)

.

(6.10.119)
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.10.10.1(2) 6.10.10.1(2) (N mm)
6-104
(6.10.120)
6.10 I
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.10.7 (N)
(6.10.121)
= (N mm)
= 6.10.10.1(2) (N mm)
(6.10.122)
= 6.10.3.1(3) 6.10.3.3(1) (N mm)
(6.10.123)
= 6.10.3.1(2) 6.10.3.3(1) (N mm)
, = 6.10.4.3(1) 6.10.4.3(2) ;
1.0 .
6-105

6.10.3.1(3)
.
(6.10.124)
(6.10.125)
(6.10.126)
(6.10.127)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 6.10.3.1(4) 6.10.3.3(2) (mm)
(3)
I
. ,
.
6-106
6.10 I
6.5.4.2 .
6.10.7 .
(4)
6.6.2.7 6.10.3.5(1)
.
6.10.10.2
(1)
3.4.1 .
(6.10.8) .
6.10.3.7 ,

.
(2)

(6.10.128)
(6.10.129)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.10.2(4) (MPa)
6-107
(3)

,
6.10.10.2(4) .

(6.10.130)
(6.10.131)
.
,
= (MPa)
= 6.10.10.2(4) (MPa)
= (MPa)
6.10.10.1(1), 6.10.10.1(1), 6.10.10.1(1) 6.10.10.

1(1) ,
.
(4)
6.10.10.2(3) ,
.

(beam-line method) (unified autostress method)
. .
6-108
6.10 I

,
.

.

.

(6.10.132)
. 8.0mRAD
.
(6.10.132)
m ax
= (N mm)
m ax = (N mm)
= (mRAD)
, m ax 6.10.3.1(3) 6.10.3.3(1)
.
6-109
6.11
6.11.1
6.11.1.1(1) 6.11.1.2(1) ,
.
.
6.11.2 .
6.10.6 .
6.11.5 .
6.5 .
6.11.7 .
. ,
1/4 .
. .
. .
6.11.1.1
(1)
6.11 100 m
.
80 % 120 % ( 6.11.1). ,

65 % 135 %
. .
.
60 % , 1,800 mm .
, 6.10.3.7 .
6-110
6.11
6.11.1
(2)
4.6.3.2(1)
.
6.11.1.2
(1)
.
, .
, .
6.11.4 .
6.11.2.1(3) .
.

.
,
.
(2)
4.6.1.2(2) ,
.
.
. (warping stress) ,
. (distortion)
J .
6-111
(6.11.1)
= ( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)
(3)
.
.
,
. .
.
6.11.2
6.11.2.1
(1)
.

(6.11.2)
(6.11.3)
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.11.2.1(2) (N mm)
= 6.11.2.1(2) 6.11.2.1(3) (MPa)
6.10.3.6 .
6-112
6.11
(2)

6.10.4.1(2) 6.10.4.2(2)
, 6.10.4.2(2) .
6.10.2.2 , 6.10.4.2(4)
.
6.10.2.2 ,
6.10.4.2(4) .
.
(6.11.4)
= (MPa)
= 6.10.4.3
= (MPa)

= (N mm)
= ( mm )
= (mm)

. 6.11.2.1(2)
. 1/5

. 1/5 1/5
. .
6-113

.

6.11.5.1 .
(3)
.

.
.
(6.11.5)
sin
6-114
(6.11.6)
(6.11.7)
(6.11.8)
6.11
(6.11.9)
(6.11.10)
= (MPa)
=
(mm)
= (mm)
, = 6.10.4.3
= 2(mm4)
6.11.3.2(1) .

.
.

(6.11.11)
,
= (MPa)

6.10.2.2 .
6-115
6.11.2.2
(1)
.

(6.11.12)
= 6.5.4.2
= 6.10.7 (N)
6.10.7 .
.

cos
(6.11.13)
,
= (N)

.
(2)
6.10.7.4 .
. .
.
.
6-116
6.11
6.11.3
6.11.3.1
6.10.8.1
.
6.10.8.3 .
6.10.8.2
.
6.11.3.2
(1)

. .

(6.11.14)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
2
.

(6.11.15)
= (n=1 )
(n=2, 3, 4, 5 )
=
(mm)
6-117
= (mm)
= 6.11.2.1(3)
(2)
.
6.11.3.2(1) .
6.11.4
-
.
6.13.3.4 . ,
.
6.11.5
6.11.5.1
.
. ,
,
. U
.
.
6.11.5.2
(6.10.8) .
6-118
6.11
6.11.5.3
,
6.10.4.1(4) .
6.11.5.4

.

(6.11.16)
= 6.10.3.2(3) (N)
= 6.5.4.2
6.11.6

12 .
6.11.7
3.4.1 II .
Dc (6.10.8) .
.

(6.11.17)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
6-119
6.12
6.12.1
6.12.1.1
.
H-

, L, T

6.12.1.2
(1)
.

(6.12.1)
= 6.12.2.2 6.12.2.3 (N mm)
= 6.5.4.2
(2)
6.8.2.3 6.9.2.2
.
6-120
6.12
(3)
.

(6.12.2)
= 6.10.7.2 6.12.3 (N)
= 6.5.4.2
6.12.2
6.12.2.1
- , ,
H .
6.12.2.2
(1) H
H .
6.10.4 .
.

(6.12.3)
= (N mm)
(2)
.
6-121
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= (mm)
= 2( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)
(6.12.4)
(3)
.
(6.12.5)
(6.12.6)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(4) , L, T

6.10.4 .

6.12.2.2(4) , L, T
.
6-122
6.12

(element)
6.12.2.3
(1)
6.9.5.2(3) ,
.

(6.12.7)
(6.12.8)
6.9.2.2
.
(6.12.9)
= 0 (6.12.7) (6.12.8)

(6.12.9) .
= (N)
= 6.9.5.1 (N)
= 6.5.4.2
= (N mm)
= 6.10.5.1(2) (N mm)
= ( mm )
6-123
= ( mm )
= 28 (MPa)
= (mm2)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
(2)
6.9.5.2 .
(6.12.10)
(6.12.11)
6.12.3
6.12.3.1
.

,
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= ( mm )
6-124
(6.12.12)
6.12
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.12.3.2
(1)
.

(6.12.13)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(2)
.
6-125
6.13
6.13.1
2
.
(, , )
(, , )
(, , ) 75 %
, ,
.
.
2 .
.
.

.
L 9.5 mm .
L .
L .
, .
. .
L
. L 11 mm .
6-126
6.13
6.13.2
6.13.2.1
,
. , .
. 6.13.2.8 .
.
(1)
, , .
.

6.13.6.1(3) ,

3.4.1 II
. , ,
. 6.13.2.2 .
(2)

.
6.13.2.2
II .
6-127
(6.13.1)
,
= 6.13.2.8 (N)
(6.13.2)
(6.13.3)
,
= (N)
, 6.13.2.7 .
, 6.13.2.9 .
, 6.13.5 .
= (N)
, 6.13.2.10 .
, 6.13.2.11 .
= 6.5.4.2
:
:
:
, :
:
6.13.2.3 , ,
(1)
6.4.1.2 .
6-128
6.13
(2)
6.4.1.2 .
.
1:20
,
355 MPa

M24
8 mm . .
.
8 mm .
.

.
6.13.2.4
(1)

.

.

.
.

.

.
6-129
(2)
6.13.1 .
6.13.1 (mm)

16
18.0
20.0
18.0 22.0
18.0 40.0
20
22.0
24.0
22.0 26.0
22.0 50.0
22
24.0
28.0
24.0 30.0
24.0 55.0
24
26.0
30.0
26.0 33.0
26.0 60.0
27
30.0
35.0
30.0 37.0
30.0 67.0
30
33.0
38.0
33.0 40.0
33.0 75.0
6.13.2.5
16 mm . 64 mm L
16 mm ,
16 mm .
16 mm .
L .
50 mm L : 16.0 mm
64 mm L : 20.0 mm
75 mm L : 24.0 mm
90 mm L : 27.0 mm
L L 1/4 .
6.13.2.6
(1)
3 .
6-130
6.13
2
.
(2)

.

(6.13.4)
38 + 4.0t ,
, .
(6.13.5)
.
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
(3)
2 .
12.0 .
24.0 . .

(6.13.6)
2 .
24.0 .
.
6-131
(4)
1.5
4 . 1.5
6.13.2.6(3) .
(5)
6.13.2
.
. 6.13.2.6(6)
.
(6)
6.13.2 . 8
12 5 mm .
6.13.2

, ,
16
28
22
20
34
26
22
38
28
24
42
30
27
48
34
30
52
38
6.13.2.7
1270 mm .
:

(6.13.7)
6-132
(6.13.8)
6.13
= ( mm )
= 6.4.4.2 (MPa)
= 1
1270 mm 1 (6.13.7)
(6.13.8) 0.8 .
,
2 .
.
6.13.2.8
.

(6.13.9)
= 1
= 6.13.3 (N)
= 6.13.4
= 6.13.5
6.13.3
(kN)

mm
F8T
F10T
F13T
20
130
160
215
22
160
200
265
24
190
235
305
27
1)
310
30
1)
375
1)
1)
1) :
6-133
6.13.4

1.0
0.85
0.70
0.60
6.13.5
A
0.33
0.40
0.33
6.13.5 .
A : A
B : , B

C :
25 mm
.

.
0.33
.
.
.
.
. -
, - .
(clamping force) ,
(6.13.17) .
6-134
6.13
6.13.2.9
.
.
, ,
.
,

(6.13.10)
(6.13.11)
(6.13.12)
(6.13.13)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 6.4.4.2 (MPa)
= (mm)
6-135
6.13.2.10
(1)
6.13.3 .
6.13.2.10(4)
.
(2)
.

(6.13.14)
= (mm2)
= 6.4.4.2 (MPa)
(3)
3.6.1.4
(6.6.1) .
.
60 % . ASTM A307
.
(4)
.
6-136
(6.13.15)
6.13
,
= 1 (N) 0 .
= 1 (N)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
6.13.2.11
.
(6.13.16)
(6.13.17)
= (mm2)
= 6.4.4.2 (MPa)
= (N)
= 6.13.2.7 (N)
3.4.1 II
6.13.2.8
.
(6.13.18)
= II (N)
= (N)
6-137
6.13.3
6.13.3.1
2-4 .
.

.
6.13.3.2
(1)
Rr 6.13.3.2(2) 6.13.3.2(4)
.
6.13.3.3 . 6.13.5 .
(2)

,
.

(6.13.19)
60 % .

,
= (MPa)
6-138
= 6.5.4.2
(6.13.19)
6.13
(3)

,
.
.

(6.13.20)
= 6.5.4.2

6.13.5
.

(6.13.21)
= 6.5.4.2
(4)

.

,
6.13.3.3
.

(6.13.22)
6-139
6.13.3.3
.
.
6.13.3.4
6.13.3.2
.
.
6 mm :
6 mm :
2 mm
6.13.6 .
.
.
6.13.6

(T)
(mm)
(mm)
T 20
20 < T
6.13.3.5
4, 40 mm .
6.13.3.6
,
6-140
6.13
.
2
. .
.
6.13.3.7
.
.
6.13.4
, , ,
.
.
. ,
.
.

(6.13.23)
(6.13.24)
,
= (mm2)
= (mm2)

= (mm2)
= (mm2)
= (MPa)
6-141
= (MPa)
= 6.5.4.2
. , (
+ 2 mm) ( ) .
,
6.8.3 .
2 .
6.13.5
6.13.5.1
, , ,
.
6.13.5.2
(6.8.1) (6.8.2)
6.13.4 .
(6.8.2) , 6.8.2.2 1.0
(6.8.2) 85 %
.
6.13.5.3
.
6-142
(6.13.25)
(6.13.26)
6.13
= (N)
= (mm2)
= (MPa)
= 6.5.4.2
6.13.6
6.13.6.1
(1)
6.13.1 .
(2)
6.13.5.2 .
6.13.2.1(1) .
(3)

50 % .
, , ,
.
, L-,
.
(4)

.
6-143

. 2 .
.
6.13.2.1(1) .
.
6.10.4
.

.
L- 1 2 L- .

, .
, .

( )
(6.13.27)
(6.13.28)
= (N)
= 6.10.7.2 (N)
6.13.4 6.13.5.3
.

.
6.5.4.2
.
.
3.4.1
6-144
6.13
.
.
.

.
6.10.3.6 , .
(6.13.29)
= (MPa)
= (6.13.3)
= 1.0(, 1.0
.)
= 6.5.4.2
= (MPa)
= (MPa)

.
6.10.3.6 , .
(6.13.30)
= ,
(+) (-)(MPa)
= 6.10.4.3(1)
6-145
6.13.5.2
. ,
.

(6.13.31)
= 6.5.4.2
= (MPa)
= ( mm )
.

, .
.
(6.13.32)
=
(MPa)
= 6.10.4.3(1)
6.13.6.1(5) .

= (mm2)
6-146
(6.13.33)
6.13
=
(mm2)
6.13.2.2 II
.
6 mm , 2
.
6.13.6.2
ANSI/AASHTO/AWS Bridge Welding Code D1.5
. 6.13.1 ,
.
, .
.
6.13.1
.
1/2.5
.
6-147
6.13.1
6.13.7
6.13.7.1
, ,
.
6.13.7.2
.
6-148
= (MPa)
(6.13.34)
6.13
= (Nmm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 6.5.4.2
(6.13.34)
.

.
(6.13.35)
, .
(6.13.36)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= ( mm )
6-149
6.14
6.14.1
, ,
.

.
.
.
6.14.2
6.14.2.1
.
.
, .
6.10.7.4 .

.
6.14.2.2
2.6.6 .
.
6.14.2.3
, , , ,
. 6.14.3.1
.
6-150
6.14
6.14.2.4
.
6.14.6.1(4) .
6.14.2.5
.
6.14.3
6.14.3.1

, .
6.14.6.2 , ,
, 6.14.3 .
6.14.3.2
5, 6
.
.
.
/800
/1000 :
/1200 :
, =
6-151
6.14.3.3
.
6.14.5 .
5.7
.
6.14.3.4
5,
6 .
6.14.3.5
.
6.14.4
6.14.4.1
4.6.2 , 4.6.11.2 6.14.6
6.14.3
.
6.14.4.2
, , 3 .
6.14.5
6.14.5.1
6 , 3.6.1.2(5)
.
6-152
6.14
6.14.5.2
(1)
,
2 . 2
.
.
1) 4.6.2
2)
3)
4) ,

,
.
.
, , ,
.

, 4.6.7.2 .
(2)

. , 75 mm 40
mm .
, E , 6.6
.

.
6-153
(3)

.
6.14.5.2(1) .
, 40 mm .

.

.
.
.

,
.
,
,
, , E .
(4)

6.14.5.2(1)
,
.
.
.
6.14.5.2(2) .
.
6-154
6.14

5 ,
.
6.10.7.4 .

6.14.5.2(2) . .
6.14.5.3
(1)
.
.
,
,
.
.
(2)
45
. 3.6.1.2(5) .
(3)
,
. -30 50 ,
.
, .

.
.
6-155
,
.
(4)
4 ,
.
(5)

4.6.7.4 .

.
4,500 mm ,
. 4,500 mm ,
.
3,000 mm ,
.
.

, PelikanEsslinger .
. 6000 mm ,
, .
6000 mm
.
6-156
6.14
(6)

, 6.14.3
.

, 6
.
, 2.5.2.6 .
6.14.3 .
,
, .
, 6.6.1.2 6.6.2 ,
6.14.5.3(7) 6.6.1.3(3)
.
(7)

14 mm 4 % .

7 mm .
.

(6.14.1)
,
tr
= (mm)
= 6.14.5.3(3) (mm)
6-157
= (mm)
= (mm)
.
1)
2)
3)
80 % .

, ,
.

6.6.2 6.14.1 ,
. 6.14.1
. 6.14.1
.
a)
b)
c)
d) 25 mm
e) 6.6.2 (10)
.
6-158
6.14
6.14.1
6-159
6.14.6
6.14.6.1
(1)
, ,
220 mm .
200 mm .
5.8 .
(2)
6.10.7.4 .
(3)
25 ,
25 .
(4)
, ,
, .
. 4.6.2
.
(5)
3.6.1.3(4) .

.
6-160
6.14
6.14.6.2
(1)
6.14.6.2
,
.

.
(2)
6.14.6.2(4)
.
.
.
1)
2) 3.6.1.3(4) 3.6.1.3(4)

3) 13.2
(3)
.
1) :
2) :

6.14.2
.
6-161
6.14.2
(4)
, , ,
.
.
1)
2)
8000 mm ,
.
3)
4)
5)

6) 6 15
7) 150 mm
8) 6.14.6.2(3) 3600 mm
9) 240 mm
10) 5 .
3 ,
.
11) 28 27 MPa
6-162
6.14
12)

600 mm 2 . 6.10.3 .
(5)
4 .
.
, .
4 .
: = 0.3 %
= 0.3 %
: = 0.3 %
= 0.3 %
100 mm 300 mm . 400 MPa
.
.
. 5.7.4
.
.
25 , 2
. , 6.14.6.2(3)
2 .
(6)
,
.
. ,
.
6-163
6.14.6.3
(1)
2 4 , 6.14.6.1.(1)
.
(2)
.
1)
1750/
50 %
2)
3840/
67 %
,
S = 6.14.6.2(3) (mm)
6.14.6.4
(1)
.
2.410-3 MPa .
.
1) 75 %,
2) 28 65 %,
65 %
, .
1) 3.0 m 180 13 mm
,
2) 3.0 m 240 20 mm
.
6-164
6.14
(2)
.
, .
.
(3)

.
(half-depth)
55 % , 90 mm
.
.

.
, .
.
.
.
.
20 mm .

.
.
6-165

,

.
6.14.6.5
(1)

. , , 200 mm
.
(2)
, .
.
6.14.6.4(3) .
(3)
, .
1.7 MPa .
24
35 MPa .

.
6.14.6.6
(1)

. 4.6.2 .
6-166
6.14
(2)
.

.
.

300 mm .
6-167
6.15
6.15.1

(knee brace) .
. 6.15.2.8
.
6.15.2
6.15.2.1
.
.
.

6.15.2.2
.
.
.
(counters) .
6.15.2.3 2
2 .
. 2
1/10 .
6-168
6.15
6.15.2.4
6.7.4.4 .
6.15.2.5
.
,
.
6.8.5.2 6.9.4.3(2) .
6.15.2.6 (working line)

.

. L
,
.
6.15.2.7
(1)
. ,
.
(2)
,
.
, .
2
.
,
.
6-169
(3)
,
.
.
.
6.15.2.8
6.13.4 6.13.5 .
.
.

.

,
.

.
.
6.15.2.9

4.38 N/mm .
I .
.
6.15.2.10
6.8.2 .
6.9.2 .
6-170
6.15
6.12 , 6.8.2.3
6.9.2.2 .
6.15.3
6.15.3.1
.
.
6.14.2.1 .
.
6.15.3.2
4.6.7 .
6.15.3.3
(1)
.
.
(2)
, .
(6.15.1)
(6.15.2)
6-171
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ( mm )
= (N)
= (N mm)
= (N mm)
(3)

,
.
6.15.3.4
.

(6.15.3)
,
= (N mm)
= (N mm)
= (N mm)
= (N mm)
3
(6.15.3) 2 .
6-172
6.15
6.15.3.5

.

.
6.15.4
6.15.4.1
4.5.3.2 .
6.15.4.2
.
(6.15.4)
= (MPa)
= 6.15.1
6.15.1
1.25
1.88
2.51
2 6.15.1
.
6-173
- .
(6.15.5)
= (MPa)
6.15.4.3
- .
:
(6.15.6)
(6.15.7)
6.16
6.16.1
.
, 10.7.3.11
- .
6.16.2
6.5.4.2 .
.
6-174
6.16
0.50-0.70
. 0.70-0.80 1.0
.
6.16.3
6.16.3.1
6.9.2.1 ,
6.5.4.2 .
6.16.3.2
6.9.2.2 . ,
6.5.4.2 .
6.16.3.3
6.9
.
. 6.9
.
10.7.4.2 .
6.16.4
10.7.1.16 .
6-175
A -
A6.1
. 1)
, 2) , 3) . ,
. . ,
I .
A6.1.1

( )
( )
( )
6-176
A -
A6.1.2

6-177
A6.2

,
.
.
.

. .
. .

.
.
.
1) .

(A6.2-1)
2) .

(A6.2-2)
, : (mm3)
: (mm3)
: (mm3)
, : (Nmm)
.
6-178
A -
, .

. ,
.
6-179
B -
B6.1
.
B6.2
A. (1.3.1)
B. (1.3.2)
C. (2.3)(2.5)
B6.3
A.
1.
2. (2.3.2)(2.3.5)(2.5.5)(2.6)
3. - I-
B.
1. I-
(6.10.1)
(1) (6.10.4)
(2) (6.10.3)
(3) (6.10.4.3(1))
2.
a. (6.11.1)
(1) (6.11.1.1)
(2) (6.11.1.2)
(3) (6.15.3)
b.
(1) (6.11.3.1)
6-180
B -
(2) (6.11.3.2)
(3) - (6.11.4)
c. (6.11.5)
C.
1. (4.6.2.1)
2. (6.14.6.1(1))
3. (6.14.6.2)
4. (6.14.6.3)
5. (4.6.2.1)
6. (3.6.1.3.3)(4.6.2.1.5)
7. (6.14.6.3(2))
8. (A13.4)(3.6.1.3.4)
9. (6.10.3.7)
D.
(6.5.4)
E.
1. (1.3.3)
2. (1.3.4)
3. (1.3.5)
F.
1. (6.10.4 6.11.2)
2. (6.10.5 6.11.7)
3. (6.6)
G.
1. (3.6.1) (3.6.1.1)
2. (3.6.1.1.2)
3. (3.6.2)
4. (4.6.2.2.2)
6-181
a. (4.6.2.2.2b)
b. (4.6.2.2.2d)
c. (4.6.2.2.2e)
5. (4.6.2.2.3)
a. (4.6.2.2.3a)
b. (4.6.2.2.3b)
c. (4.6.2.2.3c 4.6.2.2.3c-1)
6. (4.6.2.7)(6.10.3.5)
7. (3.6)
H. B6.3F
I. - I-
1. (6.10.6)
2.
a. (6.10.3.2)
b. (4.6.2.6)
c.
(1)
(a) (6.10.4.1(2))
(b) (6.10.4.1(3))
(c) (6.10.4.1(7))
(d) (6.10.4.2(1))(6.10.4.2(2))
(e) (6.10.4.2(2))
(2)
(a) (6.10.2.2)
(b) (6.10.4.1(4))
(c) (6.10.4.1(9))
(d) (6.10.4.3(2))
(e) (6.10.4.2(4))
3. LTB (6.10.4.2(5))(6.10.4.2(6))
4.
a. (6.10.7.2)
b. (6.10.7.3)
6-182
B -
(1) (6.10.7.3(2))
(2) (6.10.7.3(3))
(3) (6.10.7.3(4))
c. (6.10.8)
(1) (6.10.8.1)
(2) (6.10.8.2)
(3) (6.10.8.3)
d. (6.10.7.4)
(1) (6.10.7.4(2))
(2) (6.10.7.4(4))
(3) (6.10.7.4(1))(6.10.7.4(3))
5.
a. (6.10.2)
b. (6.10.3.2(2))
c. (6.10.3.2(3))
J.
1. (6.7.3)
2. (2.5.2.6.2)
3. (6.13.2)
a. (6.13.1)
b. (6.8.3)
c. (6.13.2.6)
d. (6.13.2.2)(6.13.2.8)
e. (6.13.2.7)
f. (6.13.2.9)
g. (6.13.2.10)
4. (6.13.3)
5. (6.7.4)
6. (6.7.5)
7. (6.13.6)
8. (6.5.3)
6-183
()

7.1
7-1
7.2
7-1
7.3
7-4
7.4
7-14
7.4.1
7-14
7.4.2
7-14
7.4.2.1
7-14
7.4.2.2
7-15
7.4.2.3
7-15
7.4.3
7-15
7.4.3.1
7-15
7.4.3.2
7-16
7.4.3.3
7-16
7.5
7-17
7.5.1
7-17
7.5.2
7-17
7.5.3
7-18
7.5.4
7-18
7.5.5
7-19
7.5.6
7-23
7.6
7-24
7.6.1
7-24
7.6.1.1
7-24
7.6.1.2
7-24
7.6.1.3
7-24
7.6.1.4
7-24
7.6.1.5
7-25
7.6.1.6
7-25
7.6.2
7-25
7.6.2.1
7-25
7.6.2.2
7-25
7.6.2.3
7-35
7.6.3
7-36
7.6.3.1
7-36
7.6.3.2
7-53
7.6.3.3
7-54
7.6.4
7-55
7.7
7-56
7.7.1
7-56
7.7.1.1
7-56
7.7.1.2
7-56
7.7.1.3
7-56
7.7.1.4
7-57
7.7.1.5 , ,
7-57
7.7.1.6
7-57
7.7.1.7
7-58
7.7.1.8
7-58
7.7.1.9
7-59
7.7.1.10
7-59
7.7.1.11
7-59
7.7.1.12
7-59
7.7.1.13
7-59
7.7.1.14
7-60
7.7.1.15
7-60
7.7.1.16
7-60
7.7.2
7-62
7.7.2.1
7-62
7.7.2.2
7-63
7.7.2.3
7-63
7.7.2.4
7-64
7.7.3
7-64
7.7.3.1
7-64
7.7.3.2
7-65
7.7.3.3
7-66
7.7.3.4
7-74
7.7.3.5
7-76
7.7.3.6
7-77
7.7.3.7
7-78
7.7.3.8
7-80
7.7.3.9
7-81
7.7.3.10
7-81
7.7.3.11
7-82
7.7.4
7-83
7.7.4.1
7-83
7.7.4.2
7-83
7.8
7-84
7.8.1
7-84
7.8.1.1
7-84
7.8.1.2
7-84
7.8.1.3
7-84
7.8.1.4
7-84
7.8.1.5
7-85
7.8.1.6
7-85
7.8.1.7
7-85
7.8.1.8
7-85
7.8.1.9
7-85
7.8.2
7-86
7.8.2.1
7-86
7.8.2.2
7-86
7.8.2.3
7-86
7.8.3
7-87
7.8.3.1
7-87
7.8.3.2
7-87
7.8.3.3
7-87
7.8.3.4
7-89
7.8.3.5
7-91
7.8.3.6
7-93
7.8.3.7
7-94
7.8.3.8
7-95
7.8.3.9
7-95
7.8.4
7-96
7.8.4.1
7-96
7.8.4.2
7-96
7.8.5
7-96
7.8.5.1
7-96
7.8.5.2
7-96
7.8.5.3
7-96
7.8.5.5
7-97
7.8.5.6
7-97
7.9
7-98
7.9.1
7-98
7.9.1.1
7-98
7.9.1.2
7-98
7.9.1.3
7-98
7.9.1.4
7-99
7.9.1.5
7-99
7.9.1.6
7-99
7.9.2
7-100
7.9.2.1
7-100
7.9.2.2
7-100
7.9.2.3
7-100
7.9.3
7-100
7.9.3.1
7-100
7.9.3.2
7-101
7.9.3.3
7-103
7.9.3.4
7-103
7.9.3.5 (passive resistance)
7-103
7.9.3.6
7-103
7.9.4
7-104
7.9.5
7-104
7.10
7-105
7.10.1
7-105
7.10.2
7-105
7.10.2.1
7-105
7.10.2.2
7-105
7.10.2.3
7-105
7.10.2.4
7-105
7.11
7-106
7.11.1
7-106
7.11.2
7-106
7.11.3
7-106
7.11.3.1
7-106
7.11.3.2
7-106
7.11.4
7-106
7.11.4.1
7-106
7.11.5
7-107
7.11.5.1
7-107
7.11.5.2
7-107
7.11.6
7-107
7.11.7
7-107
7.12
7-108
7.12.1
7-108
7.12.2
7-108
7.12.3
7-109
7.12.3.1
7-109
7.12.3.2
7-109
7.12.4
7-109
7.12.4.1
7-109
7.12.4.2 (pullout capacity)
7-109
7.12.4.3
7-110
7.12.5
7-110
7.12.5.1
7-110
7.12.5.2
7-111
7.12.5.3
7-111
7.12.6
7-111
7.12.7
7-111
7.12.7.1 (stressing)
7-111
7.12.8
7-111
7.13
7-112
7.13.1
7-112
7.13.2
7-113
7.13.2.1
7-114
7.13.2.2
7-114
7.13.2.3
7-115
7.13.3
7-116
7.13.4
7-116
7.13.4.1
7-116
7.13.4.2
7-116
7.13.4.3
7-117
7.13.5
7-117
7.13.5.1
7-117
7.13.5.2
7-118
7.13.5.3
7-118
7.13.5.4
7-119
7.13.5.5
7-119
7.13.6 ( )
7-119
7.13.6.1
7-119
7.13.6.2
7-119
7.13.6.3
7-122
7.13.6.4
7-125
7.13.7
7-133
7.13.8
7-134
7.13.9
7-134
7.13.9.1
7-134
7.13.9.2
7-135
7.13.9.3
7-137
7.13.9.4
7-137
7.13.10
7-138
7.14
7-140
7.14.1
7-140
7.14.2
7-140
7.14.3
7-140
7.14.4
7-140
7.14.4.1
7-140
7.14.4.2
7-141
7.14.4.3
7-141
7.14.4.4.
7-141
7.14.4.5
7-141
7.14.4.6
7-141
7.14.4.7
7-142
7.14.5
7-142
7.14.5.1
7-142
7.14.6
7-142
7.14.7
7-143
()
7.1
, , , .
, , , ,
LRFD .

.
.
AASHTO LRFD Specifications(2004, 3) ,
4(2007) .
.
7.2

-
.

, .

-
.
.
- ,
, (dowel)
7-1
.
.

- ,

.
-
.
,
. .
(OCR, over consolidation ratio)

-
-
.
- ,

- , ( )

(pile bent)
-
(slikensides) -

- , , ,
, .
7-2
7.2
- ,

-
. ,
,
,

, , (tangent pile),
(tangent drilled shaft) .
(RQD, rock quality designation)

- 10 cm

- ,

(IGM, intermediate geomaterial)

-
-
,
.
7-3
- ,

RMR(rock mass rating)- Bieniawski , ,

RQD, , , ,

7.3
.
.
= (mm2)
= (mm2)
= (m2)
= (m2)
= (m2)
= (m)
= (m); (m); (m)
= (m)
= ; (m)
= (m)
= (MPa)
7-4
7.2
= (mm2/yr)
, =
= (MPa); (MPa)
= 7.6.8 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (m); (m);
(m); (m)
= (m)
= (m)
= (m)
= (m)
= (m)
= (m); (m)
= (m)
= (m)
= 60 % 10 %
= ;
(m); (m)
= (MPa); (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa);
7-5
(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (N/mm)
= (MPa)
= 28
= CPT (MPa)
= CPT (MPa)
= (m/ sec )
=
(mm)
= (N);
(mm); (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm);
(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm); i
(mm)
= ; ( mm )
= ()
7-6
7.2
= 7.6.10
= (m); ;
(m)
= (m)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (m)
= (m)
m ax
= (N-mm, N-mm/mm)
= (/300 mm)
= SPT (/300 mm)
, , =
, , =

= SPT (/300 mm)
= SPT (/300 mm)
7-7
= SPT (/300 mm);

8
= 8
= (MPa/mm)
= (MPa)
= (N/mm)
= i mm (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N)
= , ,
(MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= , 2
(MPa)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N); (N)
= (N)
= (N), (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
7-8
7.2
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= 2 /3 (MPa)
= (MPa);
(MPa)
= y (MPa)
= 8 (MPa)
= (MPa)
m ax
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa); ; (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 2
(MPa)
= 2
(MPa)
= (N/mm)
= ,

7-9
= /2(mm)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
Su
= (MPa)
= (mm)
, , = (7.6.3)
= (mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= -
(N/mm)
=
(ASTM D4595 D6637)(N/mm)
m ax
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
7-10
7.2
= / (N/mm)
= 1 (yr.);
(mm)
= (mm)
= (yr.)
= (N)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= , (N)
= (mm)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm);
(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= Su ;
= ;
()
= (kN/m3)
= (3.4.1)
= (3.4.1)
= (kN/m3)
= (kN/m3)
= (kN/m3)
7-11
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (); - ()
m ax
= (mm)
= ()
= 3
= (mm); ()
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (N)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ,
(MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ()
= ()
7-12
7.2
=
,
= .

= .
= .
= ()
= ()
= ()
= ()
7-13
7.4
7.4.1
.
, , ,
, , , ,
.
.
. 30
m 1 1 ,
30 m 1 2 .

. .
,
10 %
.
3 m , .
6 m , 3 m
. .
, , ,
. (seams)
.
.
7.4.2
7.4.2.1
(KS)
.
7-14
7.4
7.4.2.2
.

- KS F 2306:2000
- KS F 2308:2006
- KS F 2302:2002
- KS F 2303:2000
- KS F 2343:2007
- KS F 2314:2013
- KS F 2346:2007
-ASTM D 4767-04,
AASHTO T 297-94(07)
- KS F 2316:2002
- KS F 2322:2000
7.4.2.3
.

- ASTM D 3148-02
- ASTM D 2664-04, AASHTO T 226-90(08)
- KS E 3033 : 2001
- KS E 3032 : 2006
7.4.3
7.4.3.1
7-15

. (KS)
, .
7.4.3.2
.

- KS F 2307:2007
- KS F 2592:2004, ASTM D 5778-07
- KS F 2342:2001
- ASTM D 4719-07
- KS F 2310:2000
()
- ASTM D 4050-96(08)
7.4.3.3
.

- ASTM D 4555-10
- ASTM D 4554-02(06)
- ASTM D 4395-08
- ASTM D 4506-08
- ASTM D 4394-08
(flatjack)
- ASTM D 4729-08
- ASTM D 4645-08
7-16
7.5
7.5
7.5.1
1.3.2 ,
. , 7.5.2 7.5.3
. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. 75
. 36 .
,
(, 100) .
.
7.5.2
.

(rideability) . (earth slope)
-
.
, ,
. / , ,
.
7-17
.
7.6.2.2, 7.7.2.3, 7.8.2.3 .
7.12.3 , 7.13.4
.
7.5.3
.

3
.
.

7.5.4
, 3.4.2
.
7-18
7.5
7.5.5
7.5.1
7.5.4 . 1.0 .
.
, ,
7.6, 7.7, 7.8 .
.
7.5.1
/ /
(Munfakh , 2001),
0.50
(Munfakh , 2001), , CPT
0.50
(Munfakh , 2001), , SPT
0.45
(Meyerhof, 1957),
0.45
0.45
0.55
0.90
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.50
7.5.2
/
.
A
B
.

0.65
0.40
FHWA Gates
0.40
Engineering News Record
0.10
7-19
7.5.2A
(Paikowsky , 2004)
,

0.80
0.70
0.55
0.90
0.75
0.65
0.90
0.85
0.75
0.90
0.90
0.80
* : (COV, coefficient of variation) .

i ) COV < 25 % :
ii ) 25 % COV < 40 % :
iii ) COV 40 % :
7.5.2B (Paikowsky , 2004)

( )
15
16~25
26~50
51~100
10
101~500
12
>500
12
* : (COV, coefficient of variation) .

i ) COV < 25 % :
ii ) 25 % COV < 40 % :
iii ) COV 40 % :
7-20
7.5
7.5.2 ()
/
-

,
:
(Tomlinson, 1987; Skempton, 1951)
(Esrig Kirby, 1979; Skempton, 1951)
(Vijayvergiya Focht, 1972; Skempton, 1951)
(, 2009): SPT N 50
(, 2009): SPT N 50
0.35
0.25
0.40
0.37
0.35
:
Nordlund/Thurman (Hannigan , 2005)
SPT (Meyerhof)
SPT (, 2009): SPT N 50
SPT (, 2009): SPT N 50
0.45
0.30
0.38
0.29
CPT (Schmertmann)
( , 1985)
0.50
0.45
0.60
Nordlund

SPT
CPT
0.35
0.25
0.20
0.30
0.25
0.40
0.60
0.50
1.0
(6.5.4.2 )
(5.2.3.2 )

(6.5.4.2 )
(5.2.3.2 )
7-21
7.5.3
//
(O'Neill Reese, 1999)
0.45
0.40
0.55
O'Neill Reese (1999)
0.50
IGM
0.60
IGM
0.55
Horvath Kenney (1979)

Carter Kulhawy (1988)
0.55
0.55
0.50
(1985)

( , 1985)
0.50
0.70
AASHTO(1996)
0.51
0.35
0.45
Horvath Kenney (1979)

0.40
0.45
0.55
1.0
(),
A
(, 0.70
)
(),
0.60
7-22
7.5
7.5.4

7.5.1~3
1.00
0.65
0.70
0.50
1.0
(e.g. ASTM A 615)

(e.g. ASTM A 722)
0.90
0.80
0.90
7.5.1~3
7.5.1~3

/

/
0.75
1.00
0.65
0.85
0.90
1.20
0.90
1.20
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5.6
, , , 3.4.2
.
1.0 .
7-23
7.6
7.6.1
7.6.1.1
.
. .
(soil pressure) , ,
.
7.6.1.2
.
2.6.4 600 mm
.
( )
(
) . ,
(geosynthetics) .
7.6.1.3

, , (dowel), (key) .

.
7.6.1.4
. ,
.
7-24
7.6
7.6.1.5
.
7.6.1.6

.
7.6.2
7.6.2.1
.
.
.
.
.
.
7.6.2.2
(1)
, ,
.
.
(2)
3.4.2 - .
.
7-25
.
.
(3)

.
, ,
. .
, ( ) .

(7.6.1)
= ()(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
/ ,
. (
) 7.6.1
.
7-26
7.6
7.6.1 Boussinesq (Sowers, 1979)

.
.

(7.6.2)
= (MPa)
= (mm2)
= 7.6.1 (MPa)
= 7.6.2
= , 7.6.1
7-27
, 1/2 2/3
.
. 7.6.1 .
= (SPT)
= SPT
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
7.6.1 (1982) Bowles(1988)

, (MPa)
2.4~15
15~50
0.4~0.5
()
50~100
15~60
2~20
7.5~10
10~20
20~25
10~25
25`~50
50~75
0.20~0.35
25~75
75~100
100~200
0.2~0.35
7-28
0.1~0.3
0.3~0.35
(MPa)
, ,
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.1
1.1

0.25

400 ~1000
1500 ~2400
3000 ~4000
0.30~0.40
0.3~0.4
7.6
7.6.2 (EPRI, 1983)

L/B
, ()
1.04
1.13
1.06
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.22
1.24
10
1.41
1.41

(7.6.2) .
.
.
( ) ,
.
( )

log log

(7.6.3)
( )

log

(7.6.4)
( )

log

(7.6.5)
( ) , .
( )
log log
(7.6.6)
7-29
( )
log
(7.6.7)
(7.6.8)
( )
log
= (mm)
= 7.6.2
= 7.6.2
= 7.6.3
= 7.6.3
= ,
, log
7.6.2 - (EPRI, 1983)
7-30
7.6
7.6.3 - (EPRI, 1983)
3
.

(7.6.9)
= 7.6.4
= 1 (mm)
7.6.4 3 (EPRI, 1983)
7-31
1 ( )
.

(7.6.10)
= 7.6.5
= (mm)
=
(mm2/yr.)
log
(7.6.11)
= , 90 % (yr.)
= (yr.)
7.6.5 T (EPRI, 1983)
7-32
7.6

7.6.3.2(2)
15 mm .

.

, , .
.
( )
(7.6.12)
(7.6.13)
(7.6.14)
(7.6.15)
= (MPa)
= B/2(mm)
= (dimension)
= (MPa)
7-33
7.6.2 .
, ( ) 7.6.3 .
.
(RQD)
(Gardner, 1987).

(7.6.16)
(7.6.17)
7.6.4
.
0.15 .
7.6.2.2(3) .
7.6.3 (intact rock) (Kulhawy, 1978)
,
22
22
0.39
0.09
0.20
0.08
0.20
0.16
0.18
0.02
0.38
0.20
0.29
0.06
11
11
0.32
0.16
0.23
0.05
0.22
0.08
0.14
0.05
0.40
0.17
0.28
0.08
11
11
0.40
0.09
0.22
0.09
12
11
0.31
0.02
0.12
0.08
12
0.46
0.08
0.20
0.11
0.23
0.09
0.18
0.06
0.18
0.03
0.09
0.06
19
19
0.33
0.12
0.23
0.06
0.35
0.14
0.29
0.08
7-34
7.6
7.6.4 (intact rock) (Kulhawy, 1978)

26
3
3
7
12
7
14
13
11
13
3
27
5
30
30
17
26
3
3
7
12
7
13
13
2
12
3
19
5
14
30
16
, ( )
100.0
6.410
52.70
112.0
17.100
51.40
84.1
67.60
75.80
104.0
69.000
88.30
84.1
29.000
56.10
88.3
36.500
66.10
73.8
4.000
42.60
82.1
28.500
61.10
26.1
2.410
9.58
69.0
5.930
34.30
17.3
8.620
11.80
39.2
0.620
14.70
32.8
2.620
16.50
38.6
0.007
9.79
89.6
4.480
39.30
78.6
5.720
29.10

24.48
42.68
6.69
12.27
17.93
16.00
17.17
15.93
6.62
21.93
3.93
8.20
11.38
10.00
25.72
23.72
(4)
3.4.2 .
7.6.2.3
(1)
.
(2)
, RMR
. .
,
.
0.3 .
7-35
7.6.3
7.6.3.1
(1)
.
.

(7.6.18)
,
= 7.5.5 .
= = (MPa).
,
7.6.3.1(5) .
(2)

.
.
.
.

.

.
(7.6.22) .
(7.6.19) (7.6.20)
, (Terzaghi, 1943).

7-36
(7.6.19)
7.6
tan tan
(7.6.20)
= (MPa)
= ()

.
.
ln
(7.6.21)
= 2
(MPa)
= 2
(MPa)
.

.

.
(MPa)
(7.6.22)
= = (MPa)
, = , , ,
= , (kN/m3)
7-37
= (m)
.
,

(7.6.23)
(7.6.24)
= 5.0 = , (7.6.23)
= 7.5 = , (7.6.24)
= 7.6.6
= 1.0
= 0.0
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (N)
= (N)
7.6.6 , .

= 0
(7.6.25)
(7.6.26)
7-38
= (mm)
7.6
7.6.6
(Meyerhof, 1957)
7-39
2
(7.6.22) .
= 7.6.8 (MPa)
= ,
= 1.0
7.6.8 .
.
(7.6.27)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= 1.0

= :

(7.6.28)
(7.6.29)
2
(7.6.33) .
7-40
7.6
7.6.7 2
7.6.8 (EPRI, 1983)
7-41

.
(MPa)
(7.6.30)
= (mm)
= , (kN/m3)
= (mm)
, = 7.6.5
7.6.5 ,
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5 +
1.0
1.0
7.6.5
. , , .

(7.6.31)
(7.6.32)
= 7.6.6
= 7.6.9
= 7.6.6
= 0.0 :
= 7.6.7 7.6.8
= 7.6.9 7.6.10
7-42
7.6
= 7.6.11 7.6.12
= 7.6.13
.
7.6.9 7.6.10 . ,
.
7.6.11 7.6.12 , .
7.6.13
. .
7.6.6 , (Barker , 1991)
, (
)
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
17
22
30
41
58
78
110
155
225
330
15
18
23
29
38
49
64
85
115
160
7.6.7 (Barker , 1991)

, (
)
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
1.53
1.58
1.62
1.67
1.73
1.78
1.84
1.90
1.96
2.03
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.34
1.36
1.39
1.42
1.45
1.48
1.52
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.21
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1.07
1.08
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.10
7-43
7.6.8 (Barker , 1991)

0.60
0.80
0.92
10
0.96
7.6.9 , (Barker , 1991)

,
(%)
,
()
20
28
1.00
1.00
0.92
0.89
30
32
1.00
1.00
0.85
0.77
40
35
1.00
0.97
0.82
0.75
50
37
1.00
0.96
0.81
0.73
60
40
1.00
0.86
0.72
0.65
70
42
0.96
0.80
0.66
0.60
80
45
0.79
0.66
0.54
0.48
90
50
0.52
0.42
0.35
0.31
7.6.10 , (Barker , 1991)
7-44
,
(%)
,
(
)
20
28
0.85
0.75
0.65
0.60
30
32
0.80
0.68
0.58
0.53
40
35
0.76
0.64
0.54
0.49
50
37
0.73
0.61
0.52
0.47
60
40
0.62
0.52
0.43
0.39
70
42
0.56
0.47
0.39
0.35
80
45
0.44
0.36
0.30
0.27
90
50
0.25
0.21
0.17
0.15
7.6
7.6.11 , (Barker , 1991)
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.73
0.76
0.77
0.81
0.84
0.85
0.15
0.61
0.65
0.67
0.72
0.76
0.78
0.20
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.64
0.69
0.72
0.25
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.56
0.62
0.65
0.30
0.34
0.39
0.41
0.49
0.55
0.59
0.35
0.27
0.32
0.34
0.42
0.49
0.52
0.40
0.22
0.26
0.28
0.36
0.43
0.46
0.45
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.30
0.37
0.41
0.50
0.13
0.16
0.18
0.25
0.31
0.35
0.55
0.09
0.12
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.30
0.60
0.06
0.09
0.10
0.16
0.22
0.25
0.65
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.12
0.17
0.21
0.70
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.16
7.6.12 , (Barker , 1991)
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.81
0.78
0.77
0.90
0.87
0.85
0.15
0.72
0.68
0.67
0.85
0.81
0.78
0.20
0.64
0.59
0.57
0.80
0.74
0.72
0.25
0.56
0.51
0.49
0.75
0.68
0.65
0.30
0.49
0.44
0.41
0.70
0.62
0.59
0.35
0.42
0.37
0.34
0.65
0.56
0.52
0.40
0.36
0.30
0.28
0.60
0.51
0.46
0.45
0.30
0.25
0.22
0.55
0.45
0.41
0.50
0.25
0.20
0.18
0.50
0.40
0.35
0.55
0.20
0.16
0.14
0.45
0.34
0.30
0.60
0.16
0.12
0.10
0.40
0.29
0.25
0.65
0.12
0.09
0.07
0.35
0.25
0.21
0.70
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.30
0.20
0.16
7-45
7.6.13 (Barker , 1991)

, (
)
1.20
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
32
37
42
2
.
tan
cot
cot
(7.6.33)
,
sin
sin
(7.6.34)
= 7.6.8 (MPa)
= 2
(MPa)
7-46
= ()
7.6
7.6.9
(Meyerhof, 1957)
7-47
(3)

.
. .
, SPT
, CPT

(SPT)
(SPT) .

(MPa)
(7.6.35)
= 1.5 SPT (/300 mm)
= (mm)
, = 7.6.5
= (mm)
= 7.6.14 7.6.15
= 7.6.14 7.6.15 H/V
= 7.6.14 7.6.15 H/V
7-48
7.6
7.6.14 ,
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.15
0.65
0.75
0.80
0.20
0.55
0.65
0.70
0.25
0.50
0.55
0.65
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.55
0.35
0.35
0.45
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.35
0.45
0.45
0.25
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.55
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.60
0.10
0.15
0.20
7.6.15 ,
,
0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.15
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.20
0.50
0.60
0.65
0.25
0.40
0.50
0.55
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.50
0.35
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.45
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.50
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.55
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.60
0.05
0.10
0.15
7-49
7.6.15 , ()
,

0.0
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.15
0.70
0.80
0.85
0.20
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.25
0.55
0.65
0.70
0.30
0.50
0.60
0.65
0.35
0.40
0.55
0.60
0.40
0.35
0.50
0.55
0.45
0.30
0.45
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.60
0.15
0.25
0.35
(CPT)
CPT .
(MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 7.6.14 7.6.15
, = 7.6.5
7-50
(7.6.36)
7.6
(MPa)
(7.6.37)
= (MPa)
= 7.6.10
= 1.5 B
= (MPa)
= 7.6.14 7.6.15
1.5 B .
( - ) (MPa)
(class)
< 1.1
0.77~3.8
0.38~0.77
2.9~5.8
< 0.67
1.1~2.9
0.96~2.9
2.9~5.8
5.7~9.6+
7.6.10 , ( , 1985)
7-51
(4)
7.4.3.2
.
.
(5)
,
.
. .

(7.6.38)
(7.6.39)
= (mm)
= (mm)
.
,
1/4
, 4/10
.
,
.
.
7-52
7.6
7.6.3.2
(1)
,
. ,
RQD .

.
(2)
RMR NGI
.
.
.
(3)

. .
(4)
.
(5)

.
3/8 . ,
4/10 .
7-53
7.6.3.3

. ,
. ,
.
.

(7.6.40)
= 7.5.1
= (N)
= 7.5.1
,
tan (N)
(7.6.41)
,
,
tan tan
tan tan
= ()
= (N)
.

7.6.11 150 mm
1/2
7-54
7.6
7.6.11 .
= ,
= ( )
= (MPa)
7.6.11
7.6.4
5 .
7-55
7.7
7.7.1
7.7.1.1

.
.
7.7.1.2

. 3,000
mm , 6,000 mm .
(trestle) (pile bents)
1/3 .

.
7.7.1.3

. ,
. ,
, , ,
. .

7-56
7.7

7.5.2
.
7.7.1.4
.
,

.
7.7.3.3 , .

.
.
7.7.1.5 , ,
750 mm 2.5 .
225 mm
.
.
7.7.1.6
.
.
7-57
7.7.1.7

. .
7.7.1.8
.
, , pH
,
(marine borer) .
.
100 ohm/mm
pH 5.5
pH 5.5 8.5
1000 ppm

( )
.
500 ppm
500 ppm

pH 5.5
(marine borer)

,
.
7-58
7.7
7.7.1.9

.
7.7.1.10
, ,
.
7.7.1.11
.
.
, (),
.
7.7.1.12

3000 mm .
,
150 mm . (predrilling) ,
.
7.7.1.13
,
.
, , .
7-59
. ,
.
7.7.1.14
.
7.7.1.16 (allowable
driving load levels)
.
7.7.1.15

.
.
7.7.1.16
,
. 5, 6
.

- =
- =

- =
- =
7-60
7.7

- =
- = =

=

- =
- =
7-61
7.7.2
7.7.2.1
7.7.1
2/3 .
3.4.2 -
.
-1 . 3.4.2
- .
7.7.1 (Duncan Buchignani, 1976)
7-62
7.7
7.7.2.2
, , ,
, 38 mm .
, p-y

.
7.7.2.3
(1)
7.6.2.2 .
(2)
7.7.1
.
(3)
7.7.1
.
.

(7.7.1)
(7.7.2)
(7.7.3)
log

(7.7.4)
7-63
= 7.7.1 2 /3 .

, (MPa).
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (=2 /3)
= 7.7.1 (mm)
= SPT
(/300 mm)
= SPT (/300 mm)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
7.7.2.4
7.6.2.3 .
7.7.3
7.7.3.1
.

(punching)

7-64
7.7
7.7.3.2
.
.
.
.

(7.7.5)
(7.7.6)
(7.7.7)
(7.7.8)
= 7.5.5 ,
.
= (N)
= (N)
= (N)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm2)
= (mm2)
= 7.5.2

= 7.5.2

7-65
7.7.3.3
(1)
.
7.5.2
.
(2)
.

. MPa .

= (MPa)
7.7.2 .
7-66
(7.7.9)
7.7
7.7.2 (Tomlinson, 1987)

. MPa
.

(7.7.10)
7-67
= (MPa)
= 7.7.3
7.7.3 OCR (Esrig Kirby, 1979)
Nordlund (nonprismatic)
. 7.5.2 .

.

,
= (MPa)
7-68
= 7.7.4
(7.7.11)
7.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
10
, m
20
fs = l
(s v'+2cu )
30
40
50
60
70
7.7.4 (Vijayvergiya Focht, 1972)
Nordlund/Thurman
.
MPa.
sin

cos
(7.7.12)
= ( 7.7.5~ 7.7.8)
= ( 7.7.9)
= (MPa)
= ()( 7.7.10)
= ()
7-69
V=10.0FT3/FT
V=1.0FT3/FT
V=0.1FT3/FT
7.7.5 =25
(Hannigan , 2006)
V=10.0FT3/FT
V=1.0FT3/FT
V=0.1FT3/FT
7.7.6 =30 (Hannigan , 2006)
7-70
7.7
V=10.0FT3/FT
V=1.0FT3/FT
V=0.1FT3/FT
7.7.7 =35 (Hannigan , 2006)
V=10.0FT3/FT
V=1.0FT3/FT
V=0.1FT3/FT
7.7.8 =40 (Hannigan , 2006)
7-71
7.7.9 (Hannigan , 2006)
a.
c.
e.
g.

PC
Raymond

b.
d. Raymond
f. H
7.7.10 (Hannigan , 2006)
, MPa.

7-72
= ( 7.7.11)
(7.7.13)
7.7
= ( 7.7.12)
= (MPa) 0.15 MPa
= ( 7.7.13)
D =
b =
7.7.11 (Hannigan , 2006)

7.7.12 , (Hannigan , 2006)
7-73
7.7.13 (Hannigan , 2006)
(3)
MPa.

(7.7.14)
= (MPa)
7.7.3.4
(1)

7.5.2 .
7-74
7.7
(2) (SPT)
.

MPa.

(7.7.15)
log

(7.7.16)
,
= SPT (/300
mm)
= SPT (/300 mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 0.4 , 0.3
(MPa).

MPa.

(7.7.17)
7-75
(, )

(7.7.18)
= (MPa)
= SPT (/300 mm)
7.7.3.5
7.5.2
. ( ) 300 mm ,
6.4 mm
25 mm
(MPa), .

(7.7.21)
= (MPa)
= 7.7.14
= (mm)
= (mm)
7-76
(7.7.22)
7.7
= (mm)
= 0 .
= (mm)
.
7.7.3.3 7.7.3.4
.
7.7.14 ( , 1985)
7.7.3.6
, , .
- ASTM D1143-81(87), KS F
2445
- ASTM D3689-90
- ASTM D3966-90

7.5.2 . .
7-77
(high strain dynamic testing of piles) ASTM D4945-89

7.5.2 .
7.7.3.7
(1)
.
,
.
(2)
7.7.3.3 7.7.3.4
.
(factored uplift resistance) .

(7.7.23)
= (N)
= 7.5.2
(3)
, .

7-78
= 7.5.2
(7.7.24)
7.7
= (N)
, .

, 7.7.15
1:4
. .
7.7.18 .
.

(7.7.25)
= 7.7.18 (mm)
= 7.7.18 (mm)
= 7.7.18 (mm)
= (MPa)
= , , (N)
,
7.5.2
.
7.5.2 .
7-79
7.7.15 (Tomlinson, 1987)
7.7.16 (Tomlinson, 1987)
7.7.3.8
.

. ,
, - - .
7-80
7.7
7.7.3.9
.
7.7.3.10
(1)
.

(7.7.26)
= (N)
= 7.5.2
(2)
.
.
, .
.

(pier)
(pier)
(full shear strength) .
(pier) .
.
(pier) 7.5.2
.
7.5.2 .
7-81
(3)
.
1.0 . 7.5.2
.
(4)
,
(punching failure) .

.
2:1
.
.
.
7.7.3.11
.

(7.7.27)
= (N)
= (N)
= 7.5.2
= ( 0.85, 0.75)
7-82
7.7
7.7.4
7.7.4.1
5, 6 .
7.7.4.2

.
, 5, 6
. .

mm
(7.7.28)
mm
(7.7.29)
= (MPa)
= (mm4)
= = 67 (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 7.7.1 (MPa/mm)
7.7.1 (MPa/mm)
0.025
0.013
0.063
0.031
7-83
7.8
7.8.1
7.8.1.1
.
7.8.1.2
,
.
7.8.1.3

150 mm .
.

.
.
7.8.1.4
7.7.1.3 .
.
, ,
. ,
.
7-84
7.8
7.8.1.5
7.7.1.4 .
7.5.3
.
7.8.1.6
3
.
.
7.8.1.7
.
.
7.8.1.8
7.7.1.7 .
7.8.1.9
7.7.1.9 .
.
/
.
7-85
7.8.2
7.8.2.1
7.7.2.1 . 3.4.2 -
.
.
.
7.8.2.2
7.7.2.2 .
7.8.2.3
(1)
7.6.2.2
.
(2)
:

(3)
7.7.2.3 .
7-86
7.8
7.8.3
7.8.3.1
7.7.3.1 .
7.8.3.2
7.7.3.2 .
7.8.3.3
.

.
(1)

, MPa.
(7.8.1)
= (MPa)
= ()
= (=0.101 MPa)
(7.8.1a)
(7.8.1b)
7.8.1
.
7-87
1,500 mm

,
( ) .
7.8.1
( O'Neill Reese, 1999)
(2)

O'Neill Reese(1999) .
(MPa)
(7.8.2)
(7.8.3)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
7-88
7.8
.
0.024 MPa 0.67 (1/3 ).
7.8.3.4
(1)

.
(2)
,
MPa.

(7.8.4)
(7.8.4a)
(7.8.4b)
= (MPa)
= ()
= (mm)
= N,
.
15 (7.8.4c)
, (7.8.4b) .
7-89
(7.8.4c)
,
.
(3)
O'Neill Reese(1999)
, MPa.

(7.8.5)
, N60 = N,
(7.8.5) 3.0 MPa .
50 (intermediated geomaterial)
. MPa.
= (MPa)
= (=0.101 MPa)
(7.8.6) 100 .
7-90
(7.8.6)
7.8
7.8.3.5
(1)
.
() ,
,

.

.
(2)
Horvath Kenney(1979)
, MPa.
(7.8.7)
= (MPa)
= (=0.101 MPa)
= ( 7.8.1)
= (MPa)
7-91
7.8.1 (O'Neill Reese(1999))
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.55
0.05
0.45
(3)
. MPa.
() 2
, () () 1.5

(7.8.8)
() 2
,
, : ( 7.8.2)
= (MPa)
7-92
(7.8.9)
7.8
7.8.2 (Hoek Brown, 1988)
A=
B=
C=
D=
E=
7.00
1.00
10.00
1.00
15.00
1.00
17.00
1.00
25.00
1.00

Tightly interlocking undisturbed rock
with unweathered joints at
,
(900~3000 mm )
CSIR : RMR=85
2.40
0.082
3.43
0.082
5.14
0.082
5.82
0.082
8.567
0.082
0.575
0.00293
0.821
0.00293
1.231
0.00293
1.395
0.00293
2.052
0.00293

( 300~900 mm)
CSIR : RMR=44
0.128
0.00009
0.183
0.00009
0.275
0.00009
0.311
0.00009
0.458
0.00009

50~300 mm
(gouge) ; clean compacted
waste rock.
CSIR : RMR=23
0.0029
310-6
0.041
310-6
0.061
310-6
0.069
310-6
0.102
310-6

50 mm
. Waste rock with fines.
CSIR : RMR=3
0.007
110-7
0.010
110-7
0.015
110-7
0.017
110-7
0.025
110-7

CSIR : RMR=100

,
(900~3000 mm )
CSIR : RMR=65
7.8.3.6
, ,
. ,
7.5.3 .
7-93
7.8.3.7
(1)
.

.
(2)

.
.
7.5.3 .

.

(7.8.9)
(7.8.10)
,
=
= (mm2)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= 2 (MPa)
= 7.5.3
7-94
7.8
2
. 0.75
0.0 2.5 8.0 . ,
. .
(3)
7.7.3.7 (3) .
7.5.3 .
7.8.3.8

. .
7.8.3.9
(1)
.
(2)
7.7.3.10 (2) .
7.5.3 .

.
(3)

.
7-95
(4)
7.7.3.10 (4) .
7.8.4
7.8.4.1
5 .
7.8.4.2
7.7.4.2 .
7.8.5
7.8.5.1
750 mm .
.
7.8.5.2

. 5
. (fixity point) .
3.0 mm
. .
7.8.5.3
, ,
. 8 .
7-96
7.8
7.8.5.4
, , , ,
, .
1/5 .
7.8.5.5
.
5 .
7.8.5.6
.
30 3
. 150 mm .
7-97
7.9
7.9.1
7.9.1.1

.
.
7.9.1.2
.

/

3
3.11 7.5.4 . 3.4.2
.
. (prefabricated
modular walls) 7.13 7.14 .

.
, ,
, .
7.9.1.3
,
7-98
7.9
. ,
.

, FHWA Technical Advisory T 5140.13(1980)
.
( )
.
7.9.1.4

. ,
.
7.9.1.5
(1)
5 .
(2)

.
,
.
, .
7.9.1.6
9 m 27
m .
7-99
.
.
7.9.2
7.9.2.1
7.6.2.2, 7.7.2.3, 7.8.2.3 7.5.2 .
7.9.2.2
7.6.2.2, 7.7.2.2, 7.8.2.2 7.5.2 .
7.9.2.3

. .
, .
-
.
.
:
0.75
0.65
7.9.3
7.9.3.1
, .
7-100
7.9
7.6.2.2 .
7.9.3.2

.
:
7.9.1
. .
(7.9.1)
= , 7.9.1 .
:
7.9.2
. 1/3 ,
m ax
m in
(7.9.2)
(7.9.3)
, 7.9.2 . 1/3
,
m ax
(7.9.4)
(7.9.5)
m in
, 7.9.2 .
7-101
7.9.1
7.9.2
7-102
7.9
7.9.3.3
1/2
. 3/4
.
7.9.3.4
2.6.4
.
. 7.6.1.2 .
.
: 0.20

: 0.30
7.9.3.5 (passive resistance)

,
.
.

.
.
7.9.3.6
7.6.3.3 .
7-103
7.9.4
5.6.7 5.6.8 .
7.6.3.1 (5) .
7.9.5
.
.
7-104
7.10
7.10
7.10.1

. - 3 .
5, 6, 7 8 .
7.10.2
7.10.2.1

. 3
.
7.10.2.2
.
7.10.2.3
, .
2.6.4 .
7.10.2.4
.
7-105
7.11
7.11.1
,
.
.
7.11.2
7.9.1.2 .
.
7.11.3
7.11.3.1
7.7.2 7.8.2 . 3.11
.
7.11.3.2
7.9.2.3 .
7.11.4
7.11.4.1
7.9.2.3, 7.9.3.5 . ,
, .

(slickensides), (bedding planes) (joint sets)
7-106
7.11
.
.
7.11.5
7.11.5.1
, ,
.
7.11.5.2
,
.
(arching)
.
.

,
.
7.11.6
.
7.11.7
3.11 .
.
.
.
7-107
7.12
7.12.1
(anchored walls) ,
. 7.12.1
.

.
, .
7.12.1
7.12.2
7.9.1.2 ,
.
7-108
7.12
7.12.3
7.12.3.1
7.6.2, 7.7.2, 7.8.2 .
.
7.12.3.2
7.9.2.3 .
7.12.4
7.12.4.1
7.6.3, 7.7.3, 7.8.3 .
.
.
7.12.4.2 (pullout capacity)

(prestressed anchor)
. ,
.

(7.12.1)
= ( )
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
7-109
, ,
, ,
, / .

(sacrificial anchor) .
1.0
.
.
, , , .

7.12.1

3 1500 mm . ,

.
7.12.4.3
7.9.3.5 7.11.4.1 7.14.4.1 .
7.12.5
7.12.5.1
7.12.2 .
, .
7-110
7.12
7.12.5.2
,
, , .
,
.
7.12.5.3
7.11.5.2 .
7.12.6

.
. AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Construction Specifications, Section 6, Ground Anchors .
7.12.7
7.12.7.1 (stressing)
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Article
6.5.5, Testing and Stressing (stressing) .
,
.
7.12.8
7.11.7 .
7-111
7.13
7.13.1
, , ,
. 70
,
.
.
.
,

,

, ,
, , AASHTO LRFD
Bridge Construction Specifications, 7.3.6.3

. ,
.
(tiered walls, ),
(back-to-back walls)
. FHWA publication No.
FHWA-NHI -00-043(Elias , 2001) .
(7.13.4.3 ).
7-112
7.13
7.13.2
7.13.1 .
.
7.13.5
7.13.6

7.13.2.1 70 %
7.13.1
7-113
7.13.2.1
,
70 % . ,
.
,
.
7.13.2.2
( ) 7.6 , ,
. ,
.

(4:1(:) )
600 mm,
300 mm
7.9.3.5
600 mm .

.
1200 mm (bench)
. .
7-114
7.13
7.13.2.3
7.13.6.2 ,
.
.
.
.
.
(1) ,
, , .
5, 6 .
140 mm
, 90 mm . 38 mm .
. 5
.
,
, , (bulging)
.
( ) , 810 mm .
,
600 mm .
, .
(2)
, , ,

.
, ,
, .
7-115
.
, ( )
.
. ,

.
(3)

,
. .
7.13.3
7.9.1.2 , .
7.13.4
7.13.4.1
7.9.2 .
.
.
, .
7.13.4.2
, , , ,

.
7-116
7.13
7.13.4.3
7.9.2.3 . ,
, 7.13.2
.
.
7.13.2
7.13.5
7.13.5.1

.
.

30 .
, .
7-117
7.13.5.2
7.13.5 7.13.6 .
7.13.10 . 7.5.4 .
,
.
7.13.9 .
7.13.3
. 7.5.4 .
7.13.3
7.13.5.3
7.6.3.3 .
.
.
, -
. ( ) 30, -
, .
7-118
7.13
7.13.5.4
, ,
. 7.6.3.1 7.6.3.2
.
,

. (leveling pad)
.
7.13.5.5
7.9.3.3 .
7.13.6 ( )
7.13.6.1
.

. 7.13.6.3 .
7.13.6.2
,
. 7.13.1 (acitive
zone) (resistant zone)
.
, 34
. 40 40
.
7-119
(1)
. ,
,
.
.
. .

(7.13.1)
= 3.4.2
= (MPa)
= 7.13.10 (MPa)
7.13.4 7.13.5 .
7.13.4
7-120
7.13
tan

7.13.6
: ,
:
7.13.5
( ),
. 7.13.6 .
m ax .
m ax
(7.13.2)
= (MPa)
7-121
810 mm , (, ,
) . .
7.13.6
(2)
,
m ax .
7.13.6.3
(1)
/ ,
7.13.7 .
.
10
Rankine . , Rankine
, 10

Coulomb .
7-122
7.13
(a)
(b)
7.13.7
* 10 ,
tan
tan tan cot tan cot
tan
tan tan cot
.
7-123
(2)
( )
. 7.13.7 ,
. 900 mm . 7.13.7
. .
.
m ax

(7.13.3)
= (mm)
m ax = (7.13.2) (N/mm)
= 7.5.4
= (MPa)
= . , ,
, 2 .
= 7.13.6.4(1)
, /

. ,

(AASHTO LRFD , 7.3.6.3)

, 7.13.8 7.13.1 .
4 .
7-124
7.13
7.13.1 ,

1.0
0.8
0.6
( )
.
7.13.8 ,
7.13.6.4
(1)
(,
7-125
)
.

m ax
(7.13.4)
,
m ax = (7.13.2)
(N/mm)
= 7.5.4
= / (N/mm)
= 7.13.6.4(1)
7.13.6.4(3), 7.13.6.4(3)
(7.13.5)
= 7.13.6.2 / (N/mm)
= 7.5.4
= / (N/mm)
= 7.13.6.4(1)
7.13.6.4(4) 7.13.6.4(4)
.
,
.
,
m ax ( ).
, 7.13.9 7.13.10
. , .
7-126
7.13
7.13.9

7.13.10
7-127
(2)
7.5.1 .

.

(7.13.6)
,
= 7.13.9 (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)

.
= 0.015 mm/yr, 2 0.004 mm/yr,
= 0.012 mm/yr,
.
pH = 5 ~ 10
3000 ohm-cm
100 ppm
200 ppm
1 %
5,000 ohm-cm ,
.
.
ASTM A 185 .
. AASHTO M 111(ASTM A 123M) ,
7-128
7.13
ASTM A 641M kgmm 0.086 mm

.

( ), ,
, .
. , 7.13.6.4(3)
, RF .
, ,
.
.
.
7.13.2 .
1) : 7.5.1
. .
2) : pH, , ,
.
.
AASHTO T 289-91I ,
, pH = 4.5 ~ 9
, pH = 3 ~ 10
ASTM D 5818 ,
19 mm
2 mm(10) AASHTO T 267-86
1 %

, 30
, 35
7-129
.
,
(environment) .

.
, .
3) :

. Elias (2001) Elias(2000) ,
7.13.2 .
7.13.2
.
RF
.

7.13.2

, .
7.13.2

UV
ASTM D4355
UV
ASTM D4355
7-130
(ASTM
D4603) GRI

.
GRI GG7

(ASTM D5261)

RF
weatherometer 500
70 %
weatherometer 500
70 %
25,000

30
270 g m
0 %
7.13
(3)

( 7.13.9)
.
7.13.6.4(2) . .

(7.13.7)
= (N/mm)
= (MPa)
= (mm2)
= (mm) ( 7.13.9)
(7.13.8)
(7.13.9)
= (N/mm)
= (MARV) (N/mm)
7-131
=
=
, , 7.13.6.4(2)
. , 1.1 .
,
, 7.13.3
. 7.13.3
.
. 7.13.3 ,
, Elias (2001) Elias(2000)

, RF

.
1.1 .
,
, 7.13.2

7.0
,
, ,
7.13.2
3.5
(4) /

7.13.6.2(2)
.
.
5.11.3 .
, , , 6.13 .
7.13.6.4(2)
.
.
7-132
7.13

5.11.3 .

(7.13.10)
=
(N/mm)
= (MARV) (N/mm)
=
=
.
,
.
.
7.13.7
,
.
.

.
. , 0.76 mm PVC, HDPE, LLDPE
, .
7-133
7.13.8
7.9.3.4 .
7.13.9
7.13.9.1

3.11 . 7.13.11 ,
.
7.13.12 .
#1
#2
#2 .
( ) , , ,
.
7.13.11 ,
7-134
7.13
7.13.12 ( )
7.13.9.2
. 600 mm
.
.
, (dowel) .
,
1,500 mm .
. .( ),
, .
,
/ .

7-135
. .
.
, 6,000 mm
.
,
(7.13.11) (7.13.12) ()
.
m ax

(7.13.11)
(7.13.12)
= 7.13.9.1 (MPa)
= (N/mm)
= (N/mm)
= (mm)
m ax
= (N/mm)
= 7.13.6.4(1)
= , ,
= 7.13.6.4(3)
= 7.13.6.4(3)

. 7.13.9.4
.
.
900 mm ,
1,500 mm , .
7-136
7.13
, 7.13.9.4
. 2 .
4.38 N 50 % .
7.13.9.3
900 mm
. .
, .
7.13.9.4
, , ,
, ,
.
1) ,
.
2) 7.13.13 ,
.
3) , ,
.
, (toppling)
. ,

.
, 6 .
,
.
.
7-137

. , ,
. (collar)
. 7.13.10
.
7.13.13
7.13.10
7.9.2 7.9.5 .
(bridge seat)
. 7.13.9.1
. , m ax
.
7-138
7.13
m ax
(7.13.13)
= (7.13.14) i (MPa)
= (mm)
7.13.9.1 .

(7.13.14)
= (MPa)
= ( ) (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 7.13.6.2(1)
7.13.9.1 7.13.12
. 1,070
mm . 150 mm .
7.13.2.2 900 mm
. , ,
50 % .
,
.
p-y .
460 mm .
,
.
.

.
7-139
7.14
7.14.1
(prefabricated modular wall) , ,
.
.
240m
,
.
7.14.2
7.9.1.2 3.11 .
7.14.3
7.9.2 .
7.14.4
7.14.4.1
.
. -
,
. ,
.
7-140
7.14
7.14.4.2
7.6.3.3 .

.
.
.
30 .
.
7.14.4.3
7.9.3.2 .
(leg) .
80 % .
, .
7.14.4.4.
7.9.3.3 . 80 %
.
7.14.4.5
.
7.9.3.4 .
7.14.4.6
7.9.2.3 .
7-141
7.14.4.7
7.9.3.5 7.9.3.6 .
7.14.5
7.14.5.1

.

. 5 .
(steel module) 6 .
7.13.6.4(2) .
,
.

(7.14.1)
= (MPa)
= (m/s2)
= (kg/m3)
= 3.4.2
= (mm)
7.14.6

.
, 1,800 mm
. 600 mm
7-142
7.14
.
. (front face)
. ,
. 7.13.4 .
7.14.7
,
. ,
.

. .
7-143
()
8.1
8-1
8.2
8-1
8.3
8-3
8.4
8-6
8.4.1
8-6
8.4.2
8-6
8.4.3
8-6
8.4.4
8-7
8.4.4.1
8-7
8.4.4.2
8-7
8.5
8-8
8.5.1
8-8
8.5.1.1
8-8
8.5.1.2
8-8
8.5.2
8-9
8.5.3
8-9
8.5.4
8-10
8.6
8-12
8.6.1
8-12
8.6.2
8-12
8.6.3
8-12
8.6.4
8-12
8.6.5
8-13
8.6.6 II II
8-13
8.6.7
8-13
8.6.7.1
8-13
8.6.7.2
8-14
8.6.7.3
8-15
8.6.8
8-15
8.6.9
8-17
8.7
8-18
8.7.1
8-18
8.7.2
8-18
8.7.3
8-19
8.7.4
8-20
8.7.4.1
8-20
8.7.4.2
8-20
8.7.4.3
8-21
8.7.4.4
8-21
8.7.4.5
8-21
8.8
8-22
8.8.1
8-22
8.8.2
8-22
8.8.2.1
8-22
8.8.2.2
8-22
8.8.2.3
8-23
8.8.3
8-24
8.8.3.1
8-24
8.8.3.2
8-24
8.8.3.3
8-24
8.9
8-25
8.9.1
8-25
8.9.2 P-
8-25
8.10
8-26
8.10.1
8-26
8.10.2
8-26
8.10.2.1
8-26
8.10.2.2
8-26
8.10.2.3 P-
8-27
8.10.2.4
8-28
8.10.2.5
8-28
8.10.2.6
8-29
8.10.3
8-30
8.10.3.1
8-30
8.10.3.2
8-30
8.10.3.3
8-31
8.10.3.4
8-31
8.10.3.5
8-33
8.10.3.6
8-34
8.10.4
8-35
8.10.5
8-35
8.10.5.1
8-35
8.10.5.2
8-35
8.10.5.3
8-36
8.10.5.4
8-36
8.10.5.5
8-38
8.10.6
8-38
8.10.6.1
8-38
8.10.6.2
8-39
8.10.6.3
8-41
8.10.6.4
8-43
8.11
8-45
8.11.1
8-45
8.11.1.1
8-45
8.11.2
8-45
8.11.2.1
8-45
8.11.2.2
8-45
8.11.3
8-46
8.11.4
8-46
8.11.5
8-46
8.11.6
8-47
8.11.7
8-47
8.11.7.1
8-47
8.11.7.2
8-49
8.11.7.3
8-50
8.11.7.4
8-50
8.11.7.5
8-51
8.11.8.
8-52
()
8.1
. 1.1
, (, , )
.
8.2
.
(acceleration coefficient)
-
.
- II,
I .
(multimode spectral analysis method)

-
(single span bridge)
-
(single mode spectral analysis)

-
p-y
8-1
- ,

-
- , 50 %
.
(response modification factor)

-

(site coefficient)
-
(soil profile type)

-
-
,
- , ,

-
500
-
, , , .
-
.
8-2
8.3
-
(
) 95 %
-

.
(elastic seismic response coefficient)

-
- ,
2
-
2 2
8.3
.
= ()(8.5.1)
= ( mm )(8.10)
= ( mm )(8.10.2.1)
= ( )
( mm )(8.10.2.1)
= (
) (mm)(8.10.2.1)
= (8.7.1) ()
= (8.7.2) ()
= (8.11.8), (8.11.9)
()
8-3
= ( )
= ,
= ,
= (mm)
= ( )
= ,
= ,
= (8.10.1)
= (MPa)(8.10)
= ( ) (MPa)
= (8.7.5) (m/s2)
= (m)(8.6.8)
=
(mm)(8.10)
= ()(8.5.1)
= 2
= 2
= (8.11.1)
= ()(8.8.3.2)
= (m)(8.6.8)
= (mm)
= ( )
8-4
8.3
= (mm)(8.6.8)
= (/
)(8.7.3)
= , (/ )(8.7.3)
= ()(8.5.4)
= ()(8.11.6)
= ()(8.5.3)
= ()(8.11.5)
= (mm)
= ()(8.7.3)
= m ()(8.7.2)
= ()
= ()(8.11.7.4)
= ()
, = ()(8.7.3)
= (/)(8.7.3)
= (2)(8.7.3)
= ()(8.7.3)
= (2)(8.7.3)
= (8.6.1)
()
= ( )
8-5
8.4
8.4.1

.
8.4.2
(II)(1997. 12.)

.
.
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
,
,
(, ) . ,
.
8.4.3
1.5 .
8-6
8.4
8.4.4
8.4.4.1
,
.
8.4.4.2
,
.
8-7
8.5
8.5.1
8.5.1.1
(1) .
(2) , .
(3) ,
.
(4) 2 .
(5)
.
8.5.1.2
(1) 8.5.1 .
500 8.5.2
I 0.11, II 0.07.
(2) 8.5.3 .
500 .
(3) A 8.5.2
.
8.5.1
(5)
: (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
8-8
, , , , , ,
, , , , , , ,
, ,
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(, ) : , , , , , ,
(, ) : , , , , , , , , , ,
(, ) : , , , , , , , , , ,
(, ) : , , , , , , , , , ,
.
8.5
8.5.2 ( 500 )
0.11
0.07
8.5.3
()
500
1000
, I
1.4
8.5.2
(1) 8.5.4 I II
. , .
(2) 8.5.4
.
8.5.4
- , , ,
- ,
,
- I
II
1000
500
8.5.3
(1) . 8.5.5
S 8.5.6 .
8-9
8.5.5
1.0
1.2
1.5
2.0
8.5.6
30 m
(m/s)
(N(1))
(kPa)
760
360 760
> 50
> 100
180 360
15 50
50 100
180
< 15
< 50
: (1) N
(2) ,
.
() , ,

()
()
()
8.5.4
(1) 8.8 8.9 8.10

,
8.6.7 8.5.7 .
.
(2) (, ) 8.10.3.4
8.10.6 ,
8-10
8.5
8.5.7 .
8.10.3.4 ,
8.6.7.1(4) 8.10.2.5 .
(3) R .
(4) 8.10 . R
.
8.5.7 ,

(Bent)
1.
2.
3
2

1.
2.
5
3
(1)
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
: (1) ,
. , .
8-11
8.6
8.6.1
(1) 8.7 .
(2) 8.8, 8.9, 8.10
.
(3) .
8.6.5 8.6.8 . II II
8.6.6 8.6.8 .
8.6.2
(1) 8.7
.
(2)
.
(3) II II .
8.6.3
(1) 8.6.2
8.6.4 .
(2)
. .
8.6.4
8.6.3
.
8-12
8.6
1 : ()
() 30 %
2 : ()
() 30 %
8.6.5
(1) 8.5.1.2
8.5.3
.
(2) 8.6.8 .
8.6.6 II II
(1) II II
20 %
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
8.6.7
8.6.7.1
(1) .
1) ,
8-13
2) ( ,
.)
3)
(2) (1) 8.6.4 1 2 8.5.4
. (,
, ) 8.10.6
.
(3) (2) 3.4.2 .
.
(4) 8.5.7 ,
8.10.2.5
.
8.6.7.2
(1) ,
.
8.6.4 1 2 8.5.4
( ) 1/2 .
, 8.5.4
8.10.2.5(5) (8.10.3)
.
.
8.10.2.5
.
(2) (1) 8.6.7.1(3) .
(3) 2
1.0
, 8.8 .
8-14
8.6
8.6.7.3
(1) (, ) 8.6.7.1
.
(2) 8.8.3 .
8.6.8
(1) .
(2)
.
(3) II II ( ) (8.6.1)
.
(mm)
(8.6.1)
: (m).
,
( 8.6.1 ).
: (m)
.
0 .

: ( )
(4) II II
8.6.3 8.6.8 .
8-15
8.6.1
(5)

,
8.6.2 . (8.6.2)
.

(8.6.2)
= (mm)
= ( )(mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
, 9.5.2.3 .
,
.
8-16
8.6
8.6.2
8.6.9
(1) .
(2)
8.5 .
I, 6.5 .
, ,
3 .

.
(3)
N, qc Vs

.
(CRR)
(CSR) (FSL) .
1.5
, 1.0 . ,
. 1.0 1.5 .
8-17
8.7
8.7.1
(1) 8.6.2
.
1)
2)
(2)
.
8.6.8 .
8.7.2
(1) Cs
.

(8.7.1)
= 8.5.1
= 8.5.3
= 8.7.3
, 2.5A .
(2) m
.

8-18
(8.7.2)
8.7
= m
, 2.5A .
(3) 4.0 m
.

(8.7.3)
8.7.3

.

(8.7.4)
,
=
( 8.7.2)
= (8.7.1)
(8.7.5)
= , 9.81m/s2
=
= ( 8.7.1)
(8.7.6)
8-19
(a) ,
(8.7.7)
(8.7.8)
(b) ,
8.7.1
(a) ,
(b) ,
8.7.2
8.7.4
8.7.4.1
3
.
8.7.4.2
(1)
3 .
8-20
8.7
(2) 6 , 3 3 .
(3) 3 ,
.
(4)
.
(5) 1/4
.
, .
(6) , 1/3
,
2 1/3 .
.
.
8.7.4.3

.
8.7.4.4
3 . ,
10 % .
8.7.4.5
( , ,
) CQC(Complete Quadratic Combination) .
8-21
8.8
8.8.1
.
.
, , , , , ,
.
8.8.2
8.8.2.1
, (1) , (2),
(3) , (4)
. A
.
8.8.2.2
,
, , .
(1)

.
, , ,
.
.
(2)

.
8-22
8.8

. , ,
.
,
.
(3)
,
.

,
.
8.8.2.3

.
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4) , , 10 %
.
(5)
.
(6)
.
8-23
8.8.3
8.8.3.1

.
8.8.3.2
(1) .

.
(2) Mononobe-Okabe

1/2 .
(3)
. , ,

.
(4) Mononobe-Okabe
.
8.8.3.3
(1)
.
(2) -
.
8-24
8.9
8.9
8.9.1
(1)
.
8.9.2 P-
P- ( ) 2
, 6.9
.
8-25
8.10
8.10.1
(1) , ,
, 5 7 .
(2) ( ), , .
(3) , , , 8.5.4
8.10.3.4 8.10.6
.
8.10.2
8.10.2.1
(1)
.
(2) 500 MPa ,
1.25 .
500 MPa .
8.10.2.2
(1) ,
.
, (8.10.1)
2
.
8-26
(8.10.1)
8.10
= ( )
= ( )
= ( )
(2) (8.10.1)
, 2
.
(8.10.2)
= 2
(3) ,
2
,

.
8.10.2.3 P-
(1) P- .
, 1
2 .
(2) P- (3) (4) 2
.
8-27
(3) 8.10.2.2
1.5 2
.
(4) 8.10.2.2
0 1.5
2 .
(5) 8.5.4 1
2 .
8.10.2.4
(1) - , 5.4.2.3 1.0
.
(2) 5.5.1.6(2)
- -
.
(3) , 8.10.3.5
5.5.1.6(3)
.
8.10.2.5
(1) , , ,
.
(2) ( ), ,
8.5.4(1) R 1.0
.
(3) , 8.6.7.2(1)
R 1/2 ,
8-28
8.10
.
(4) .

.
.

.
(5) .
1.7 1.3
,
, - .
60 MPa , 0.3 f ck A g ,
0.03 , - , 5.5.1.6(2)
- (8.10.3)
. R
.

(8.10.3)
8.10.2.6
(1) , 5.4.2.3 1.0
.
(2) 8.5.7 ,
5.7.2.3 (1) (3)
.
(3) 8.10.2.6(2) .
8-29
8.10.3
8.10.3.1
(1) 2.5
8.5.4 .
.
(2) 2.5
8.5.4 .
(3) 8.5.4 8.10.4
. .
(4) .
8.10.3.2
(1) .
,
.
, 1/6, 450 mm
.
(2) .
3
450 mm .
(3) (1) (2) 8.10.3.3 8.10.3.4 .
(4)
8.5.7 8.10.3.3 8.10.3.5
. 8.5.7 8.10.6
.
.
8-30
8.10
8.10.3.3
(1) 0.01 , 0.06 .
(2) D13 , 2/5
.
(3) .
.
(4) 1/2
. 600 mm .
,
.
(5) 8.10.3.4 8.10.3.5
, 1/4 6
.
(6)
0.5 380 mm .
(7)
, 8.10.3.5 ,
1/4 6 .
(8) 8.10.3.5
, 100 mm,
1/4 .
(9) 75 mm
.
8.10.3.4
(1)
8.10.3.5 .
8-31
(2) (8.10.4) , (8.10.5)

(8.10.6) .

(8.10.4)
= ( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)
(8.10.5)
(8.10.6)
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
(3) ,
,
,
.
(4) .
8-32
(8.10.7)
8.10
(8.10.8)
= (mm)
= ,
( mm ).
.
= ,
(mm)
8.10.3.5
(1) .
.
(2)
, .
(3)
.
6 80 mm 135
. 6 80 mm
135 .
(4) 135 ,
90 . , 135 6 80
mm 90 6
.
(5)
, 90
.
8-33
(6)
350 mm .
(7) 90 1 2 40
2
. 90
, 2
. 90
,
.
8.10.3.6
(1) 2 (interlocking spirals)
.
(2) 8.10.3.4
.
(3) 8.5.4 8.10.3.4
8.10.6 .
(4) 200 mm , 4
.
(5) ( ) ( ) 0.75 .
(6) ,

,
.
(7)
8.10 .
(8) , ,
8-34
8.10
8.10.4
(1) . 8.5.4
.
(2) ,
.
(3) 5.7 5.12.8 .
8.10.5
8.10.5.1
(1) ,
.
(2) .
(3)
.
8.10.5.2
(1) 8.10.1
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) - -
.
8-35
(5) , 0.1 0.5

.
N.A
N.A
(a)
(b)
8.10.1
8.10.5.3
(1)
.
(2)
,
.
(3)
.
(4) 8.10.5.4 .
8.10.5.4
(1) , 8.10.3.5 (7)
.
(2) 8.5.7 (8.10.6)
.
(3) 8.10.6 8.10.6.2 8.10.6.3
8-36
8.10
.
(4) (8.10.4) (8.10.14)
. ,
(8.10.4) (8.10.14)
.
(5) ,
.
(6) ,
5 .
(7)
. ,
2 6 ,
2 .
(8) 8.10.3.5 (1) (7) (9)
~ (13) .
(9) (4) 1/125
.
(10) (4) 1/125

. .
(11) 8.10.3.5 (4) ,
30
.
(12) ,

.
(13) 90
, 90
90
.
8-37
8.10.5.5
(1) , 8.5.7
8.10.6 , 8.10.2.6 .
(2) 8.5.7 ,
5.7.2.3 (1) (3)
.
(3) 8.10.5.5(2) .
8.10.6
8.10.6.1
(1)
.
50 MPa
.
(, , ) 8.5.4
, 8.10.3.4 , 8.10.2.5(2) (3)
.
8.10.3.1
, 8.10.3.2 .
8.10
.
(2)
:

:

:
:
8-38
8.10

:
:
(3)
=
(mm)
= (
,
1/2)
= ()
= (8.10.16)
= (8.10.17)
= (8.10.18)
= -
8.10.6.2
(1) .
: ( )
: ( )

(2) (8.10.9) .
8.10.2.2 , 8.6.4
8-39
(8.10.9)
,
=

= 8.10.2.4
(3) 8.10.3.2 1.0

8.10.2.5(2) 8.10.2.6 , 8.10.3.3
.
(4) 1.0 (8.10.10)
. 1 1.25
- (8.10.11) , 1.0
. 8.7.2(1) (8.7.1)
2.5A , ,, , 0.33 , 0.44 , 0.61 ,
0.94 .

(8.10.10)
(8.10.11)
(5) (8.10.12) .
m ax
(6) (8.10.13) .
8-40
(8.10.12)
8.10
(8.10.13)
= (
,
1/2)
8.10.6.3
(1) 1.0
.
(2) (8.10.14) ,
(8.10.15) (8.10.18) .
(8.10.14)
= ( mm )
= (mm)
= (mm)

(8.10.15)
(8.10.16)
8-41
(8.10.17)
(8.10.18)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= ( mm )
= (N)
(3) ,
,
,
.
(4) (8.10.19) .
(8.10.19)
= (mm)
= ,
( mm ).
.
= ,
(mm)
8-42
8.10
8.10.6.4
(1) , 1.0
.
(2) 8.5.4(1) 1.0 8.10.2.5
.
(3) (8.10.20) ,
8.10.2.6 .

(8.10.20)
(4)
(8.10.21) . 2.0
k 0.3 , 2.0 (8.10.22)

.
0.8 , I
( ) .

(8.10.21)
(8.10.22)
(5) (8.10.23),
(8.10.24) .
(8.10.25)
.
8-43
(8.10.23)
(8.10.24)
(8.10.25)
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ( mm )
= ,
,

(mm)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(6) (8.10.26) .

(8.10.26)
= (N)
= (
,
1/2)
8-44
8.11
8.11
8.11.1
8.11.1.1
. 1.1
, (, , )
.
.
.
8.11.2
8.11.2.1

.
8.11.2.2
,
, .
, ,
.
.
(1)
. ,
.

8-45

(2)
.
(3) .
.
(4) ,
, .
8.11.3
8.5.1.2
.
8.11.4
8.5.2 .
8.11.5
8.11.1
, 8.3.6 .
8.11.1

8-46
II
III
IV
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.7
8.11
8.11.6
(1) 8.8 8.9 8.10
,
8.11.7 8.11.2
. , .
(2) 8.8 8.9 8.10
,
1.0 . ,
,
8.10.3 .
8.11.2 ,

Ri
Ri
1.5
0.8
(Bent)
1.
2.
1.5
1.5
0.8
1.5

1.
2.
1.0
2.5
1.5
1.0
2.5
8.11.7
8.11.7.1
(1)
.

8-47
(2) .
.
(8.11.1)
(8.11.2) .
.
(8.11.1)

100 (%)
(8.11.2)
: ,
: ,
: ,
: ,
: .
(1)
(2)
8.11.1
8-48
8.11
3 30 %
.
8.11.7.2
.
(8.11.3)
: .
Cs
. , .
C s=
K effd
W
d=
AS i
T effB
(8.11.4)
250AS iT eff
(mm)
(8.11.5)
, B 8.11.3 .
.
T eff = 2
W
K eff g
(8.11.6)
, .
8-49
8.11.3 B
(%)
10
20
30
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.7
8.11.7.3
,
8.11.7.2 8.7.3
2 , 8.6.4 .

(8.11.7)
,
:
:
: (8.11.4) .
8.11.7.4
8.11.2 0.8 B
.
( 0.8 )
(8.11.8)
( > 0.8 )
(8.11.9)
: .
8-50
8.11
, .
8.6.4 .
8.11.2
8.11.7.5
.
(1) .
(2) 8.11.2 5 %

4 .
(3)
.
5
10 % .
, ,
10 % .
(4) 10 25 6 10 .
8-51
(5) ,
. ,
0.3 .
(6) 7 7
.
8.11.8.
, , ,
9 , .
8-52
()
9 ,
9.1
9-1
9.2
9-1
9.2.1
9-1
9.2.2
9-2
9.2.3
9-4
9.3
9-6
9.3.1
9-6
9.3.2
9-7
9.3.3
9-12
9.4
9-17
9.4.1
9-17
9.4.1.1
9-17
9.4.1.2
9-17
9.4.1.3
9-17
9.4.1.4
9-18
9.4.1.5
9-18
9.4.2
9-18
9.4.3
9-18
9.4.3.1
9-18
9.4.3.2
9-19
9.4.3.3
9-19
9.4.3.4
9-19
9.4.4
9-20
9.4.4.1
9-20
9.4.4.2
9-20
9.4.5 (Modular Expansion Joint)
9-20
9.4.5.1
9-20
9.4.5.2
9-21
9.4.5.3
9-21
9.4.5.4
9-21
9.4.5.5
9-22
9.4.6 (Finger Expansion Joint)
9-22
9.4.6.1
9-22
9.4.6.2
9-22
9.4.6.3
9-23
9.5
9-24
9.5.1
9-24
9.5.2
9-24
9.5.2.1
9-24
9.5.2.2
9-24
9.5.2.3
9-25
9.5.2.4
9-26
9.5.2.5
9-27
9.5.2.6
9-27
9.5.3
9-28
9.5.3.1
9-28
9.5.3.2
9-28
9.5.3.3
9-29
9.5.3.4
9-30
9.5.3.5
9-33
9.5.3.6
9-34
9.5.3.7
9-35
9.5.3.8
9-36
9.5.3.9
9-36
9.5.3.10
9-37
9.5.3.11
9-37
9.5.3.12
9-38
9.5.3.13 , ,
9-39
9.5.3.14
9-40
9.5.3.15
9-41
9.5.4
9-41
9.5.4.1
9-41
9.5.4.2
9-41
9.5.4.3
9-42
9.5.4.4
9-42
9.5.4.5
9-42
9.5.4.6
9-43
9.5.4.7
9-44
9.5.4.8
9-44
9.5.4.9
9-44
9.5.5
9-45
9.5.5.1
9-45
9.5.5.2
9-45
9.5.5.3
9-46
9.5.6
9-47
9.5.6.1
9-47
9.5.6.2
9-47
9.5.6.3
9-47
9.5.6.4
9-48
9.5.6.5
9-48
9.5.6.6
9-51
9.5.6.7
9-53
9.5.6.8 (backing plate)
9-54
9.5.6.9
9-55
9.5.6.10
9-55
9.5.7
9-57
9.5.7.1
9-57
9.5.7.2
9-57
9.5.7.3
9-60
9.6
9-61
9.6.1
9-61
9.6.2
9-61
9.6.3
9-62
9.6.3.1
9-62
9.6.3.2
9-62
9.6.3.3
9-63
9.6.3.4
9-64
9.6.3.5
9-64
9.6.3.6
9-65
9.6.4
9-65
9.6.5
9-65
9.7
9-67
9.7.1
9-67
9.7.2
9-67
9.7.3
9-67
9.7.4
9-68
9.7.5
9-68
9.7.6

9-68
()
9 ,
9.1
,
. MPa, mm, rad, .
9.2
9.2.1

-

-

- (approach slab)

9-1
- (seal)
9.2.2
(inspection)
- , ,
(hard chromium surface)

-
(replacement)
(accumulated slide path)

-
(internal seal)
-

(coefficient of friction)
- ( ) ( )
(sliding elastomeric bearing)
-

(sliding plate) -

(sliding pot bearing)
-

(bearings)
9-2
- ,
9.2

(bearing system)
-
(batch)
(servicing)
- , ,
(composite material)
-
(strip bearing)
- 10
(sliding surface)
-

(sliding materials)
-
(guide)
(maintenance) -
(lubricant)
(external seal)
-

(laminated bearing)
-
(mating surface) -
(regular inspection)
-
(principle inspection)
-
(support)
9-3
(backing plate) -
(plain pad bearing)
-
(pot)
- , ,

(pot bearing) -
(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)
-
(piston)
(elastomeric bearing)
-
(elastomer) -

(elastomeric pad)
-
9.2.3
(high-damping rubber bearing, HDR)
-

(ultimate properties)
- (buckling),
(breaking) (, roll-out)
9-4
9.2

(Ultimate property diagram, UPD)
-

(lead rubber bearing, LRB)
-

-
,

- (dowel recess)

(linear natural rubber bearing, LNR)

- ,

- -

(Routine test) -

- -
(seismic isolation bearing)

- , ,
,
, ,
9-5
- LNR : ( )
- HDR : ( ) ( )
- LRB : ( ) ( )
- EDC :
(compressive properties of elastomeric isolators)
- ( )

- ( )-
(Type test) - ,

1
-
,

9.3
9.3.1
= (mm)(9.4.3.1)
9.3.2
= (9.5.3.2)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.3.8)(9.5.3.11)(9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.5.3)(9.5.6.9)
= (9.5.3.7)
= (9.5.3.4)
= (9.5.4.3)(9.5.4.9)
9-6
9.3
= (9.5.3.4)(9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.3.13)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.3.2)
= (9.5.4.9)
= (9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.3.8)(9.5.3.11)(9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.3.2)
= (9.5.4.3)
= (9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.3.2)
= (9.5.3.11)
= (9.5.3.6)
= (9.5.3.13)
= (9.5.3.2)
= PTFE (9.5.6.6)
= (9.5.4.3)
= (9.5.3.13)
m ax
= (9.5.4.3)
= PS (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.4.9)
= (9.5.3.13)
= (9.5.3.7)
= (9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.3.12)(9.5.3.13)
= (9.5.3.9)
= (9.5.3.2)
= (9.5.2.2)
= (9.5.2.2)
9-7
= (9.5.2.2)
= ( )(9.5.3.4)
= ( )(9.5.3.4)(9.5.3.8)(9.5.3.12)
= ( )(9.5.3.4)
= ( )(9.5.3.4)(9.5.3.8)
= (9.5.6.6)
= (9.5.4.6)
= (9.5.5.3)
= PTFE (9.5.6.6)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.4.6)
= PTFE (9.5.5.3)(9.5.6.6)
= (9.5.3.11)(9.5.4.9)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.3.7)
= (9.5.2.4)
= (9.5.3.4)
= (9.5.3.7)
= (9.5.3.4)(9.5.3.10)
= (9.5.3.10)
m in
= (9.5.4.6)
= PTFE (9.5.6.6)
= (9.5.3.4)
= (9.5.3.11)
= (9.5.3.11)
= (9.5.3.9)
= (9.5.3.8)
= (9.5.3.8)
= (9.5.3.12)(9.5.3.13)
9-8
9.3
= (9.5.4.9)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.2.4)
= a (9.5.3.5)
= a, b (9.5.3.5)
= a (9.5.3.10)(9.5.3.12)
= b (9.5.3.5)
= b (9.5.3.10)(9.5.3.12)
= D (9.5.3.5)
= (9.5.4.3)
= , (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.3.6)(9.5.3.10)
= (9.5.3.6)(9.5.3.8)
= (9.5.3.6)(9.5.3.9)
= (9.5.3.6)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.6.10)
= (9.5.2.12)
= (9.5.2.2)
= (9.5.2.2)
= (9.5.6.10)
= (9.5.2.4)
m ax
= (9.5.2.4)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.3.5)
= (9.5.3.12)
= (9.5.6.4)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.2.3)
9-9
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.2.3)
= (9.5.4.3)
9.3.3
= ; (9.6.2)
=
(9.6.2)(9.6.3.2)
=
(9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.4)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.3)(9.6.3.4)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.2)
= 1
(9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.3)
= (9.6.2)
m ax
= (9.6.2)(9.6.3.5)
m in
= (9.6.2)
9-10
9.3
= 1 (9.6.3.2)(9.6.3.4)(9.6.3.5)
= (9.6.2)(9.6.3.1)(9.6.3.4)
= 1 (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.6)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.1)
m ax
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.1)
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
m ax
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.1)(9.6.3.2)
= ( ,
)(9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.3.2)
= (9.6.2)
m ax
= (9.6.2)(9.6.3.5)
m in
= (9.6.2)
= (9.6.3.6)
= (9.6.3.6)
= (9.6.3.4)
9-11
9.4
9.4.1
9.4.1.1

, ,
.
,
.
.
.

.
.
,
. .
9.4.1.2

.
. ,
3 .

.
9.4.1.3
,
. ,
.
9-12
9.4
9.4.1.4
.
.
50 .
15 .

.
,
.
9.4.1.5
.
.
.
.
.
9.4.2

.
9.4.3
9.4.3.1

3 .

(W, mm) .
9-13
(for single gap):

mm
(for multiple modular gaps):

mm
25 mm
.
25 mm .
9.4.3.2
3 .
3 ,
.
20 %
.
3,050 mm 20 N/ mm( ) .
.
9.4.3.3
.

.
9.4.3.4
,
.

.
9-14
9.4
460 mm
, 20 mm .

, .
300 mm
.
9.4.4
9.4.4.1
,
.
.
(job-site) .
18,000 mm .
9.4.4.2
18,000 mm
.
. ,
.
.
.
9.4.5 (Modular Expansion Joint)

9.4.5.1

.
9-15
9.4.5.2
,
.
, 9.4.1
.
9.4.1

+25 mm
25 mm
25 mm
0.5
9.4.5.3
9.4.3.2 .
9.4.5.4 0.3 . 3
.
9.4.5.4
9.4.5.3 50 % .
9.4.2 .
.
9-16
9.4
9.4.2
(%)
(mm)
1 (96kN)
2 (72kN)
3 (54kN)
65
50
60
70
75
60
70
80
100
70
80
90
120
80
90
90
9.4.5.5
, , , , 6.6.2
. 6.13.2.10(3) .
, , ,
.
(9.4.1)
, ,
6.6.5 .
9.4.6 (Finger Expansion Joint)

9.4.6.1
.

.
9.4.6.2
,
9-17
.
( ) .
200 mm 75 mm
200 mm 50 mm
38 mm
20 mm .
15 mm .
10 mm .
, 20 mm
.
9.4.6.3
9.4.3.2 .
. 1.0
3 .
9-18
9.5
9.5
9.5.1
(1) ,
.
(2) , , .
(3) , .
(4) .
(presetting) , .
.
(5) , , , ,
. ,
.
9.5.2
9.5.2.1
.
,
9.5.3 9.5.6 .
9.5.2.2

.

(9.5.1)
,
= (N)
= ( )(N)
9-19
= (N)

= (N)
=
= 0.4( )
= 0.6( )
= 2.0( )
= 1.2( )
9.5.2.3
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
.

(9.5.2)
= ( )(mm)
= ( )(mm)
= ( )(mm)

=
= (mm)
= ,
= PS (N)
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
= ()
9-20
(mm)
9.5
= (mm)
= (rad)
9.5.1

20
9.5.2 ,
()
0.25
0.5
12
24
, ( )
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
(3)

.
50 , 50 mm
. , .
9.5.2.4
, ,
. , .
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
.

. ,
9-21
.
m ax
(9.5.3)
m ax
(9.5.4)
= (adverse coefficient of friction)
= (relieving coefficient of friction)
m ax
=
.
9.5.3
1

0.5
9.5.2.5

. 2 mm ,
.
. ,
.

.
9.5.2.6
.
9-22
9.5
9.5.3
9.5.3.1

.

.

.
9.5.3.2
(1) .

(9.5.5)
(2) .
(9.5.6)
= ( mm )
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
9-23
9.5.3.3
(1)
(NR) (CR) .
5 % . .
,
.
9.5.4
(G, MPa)
0.7
0.9
1.15
(MPa)

16
14
16
14
16
14
(%)

450
400
425
375
300
250
7
5
10
8
12
10
(kN/m)
CR
NR
(%)
24 h ; 70
( )
- (IRHD)
NR 7 , 70
CR 3 , 100
- (%)
NR 7 , 70
CR 3 , 100
- (%)
NR 7 , 70
CR 3 , 100

: 30 % -96
40 2
NR 25 pphm, CR 100 pphm
9-24
CR 15
NR 30
-510
5
KS M 6518 4
KS M 6783
KS M 6518 10
KS M 6518 7
15
15
25
25
KS M 6518 15
9.5
(2)
KS D 3501 KS D 3503 , (minimum
equivalent elongation) . 2 mm.
9.5.3.11 .
(3)
C KS D 3501 KS D 3503 ,
(minimum equivalent elongation) .
8 mm 15 mm,
8 mm 18 mm.
9.5.3.4
(1) .
5 mm ~ 25 mm .
(2) 9.5.5 . B
9.5.6 .
9-25
9.5.5
A :

B : 2

C :
D : B+PTFE
PTFE(Polytetrafuluoroethylene)
E :
PTFE
9-26
9.5
9.5.6 B
ab D
(mm)
100150
100200
150200
200
150250
150300
250
200250
200300
200350
300
200400
250300
350
250400
300400
400
300500
450
300600
350450
500
400500
550
400600
450600
600
500600
650
600600
700
600700
750
700700
800
700800
850
800800
900
900900
*
(mm)

(*)
30
41
16
24
30
41
16
24
30
52
16
32
30
52
16
32
30
52
16
32
30
52
16
32
30
52
16
32
41
74
24
48
41
74
24
48
41
74
24
48
41
74
24
48
41
74
24
48
41
85
24
56
41
85
24
56
41
85
24
56
57
105
36
72
57
105
36
72
57
105
36
72
57
105
36
72
57
105
36
72
57
121
36
84
57
121
36
84
73
137
48
96
73
137
48
96
73
137
48
96
73
153
48
108
73
153
48
108
73
169
48
120
73
169
48
120
94
199
64
144
94
199
64
144
94
199
64
144
94
199
64
144
94
220
64
160
94
220
64
160
94
220
64
160
94
220
64
160
110
260
80
200
110
260
80
200
110
285
80
220
2.5 mm .
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
20
20
20
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
9-27
9.5.1 B
9.5.3.5
.

.
9.5.7
()
9-28
(mm)
(mm)

( )
( )
(a)(b)
100150
8
3
100200
8
3
150200
8
3
150250
8
3
200250
8
3
200300
8
3
200350
8
3
200400
8
3
250300
8
3
250400
8
3
300400
12
4
300500
12
4
300600
12
4
350450
12
4
400500
12
4
400600
12
4
450600
12
4
500600
12
4
600600
16
5
600700
16
5
700700
16
5
700800
16
5
800800
20
5
900900
20
5
(rad)

(MPa)
8.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
0.0040
0.0040
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0015
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
0.0030
0.0030
0.0025
0.0025
0.0025
0.0030
0.0015
0.0012
0.0015
0.0010
0.0012
0.0010
0.0008
0.0015
0.0010
0.0010
0.0010
0.0010
0.0020
0.0015
0.0015
0.0010
0.0010
0.0005
0.0050
0.0050
0.0039
0.0039
0.0039
0.0036
0.0034
0.0032
0.0029
0.0027
0.0028
0.0027
0.0026
0.0029
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0022
0.0028
0.0025
0.0021
0.0018
0.0014
0.0007
9.5
9.5.8
()
(mm)
D
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
(mm)

( )
( )
8
3
8
3
8
3
12
3
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
16
4
16
4
16
5
16
5
16
5
16
5
20
5

(MPa)
10.0
12.5
12.5
12.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
(rad)
0.0040
0.0030
0.0025
0.0025
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0015
0.0020
0.0020
0.0015
0.0015
0.0010
0.0010
0.0005
9.5.3.6
(1)
.
(2) 9.5.6 ,
. , 2.5 mm
.

. 9.5.6 B
5 % 80 mm
.
.

, .

(9.5.7)
9-29
= (9.5.3.8 )
= (9.5.3.9 )
= (9.5.3.10 )
= . 1.0 ,
1.5 .
( ) 5 ,
7 .

9.5.3.11
.

9.5.3.12
.
, , 9.5.3.13 .
9.5.3.7

.
S .
(9.5.8)
,
= . , (mm2).
= 0 . , .(mm)
= (mm).
, 3 mm .
= (mm)
9-30
9.5
9.5.3.8
, 9.5.4
.

(9.5.9)
( ) .
(9.5.10)
= (kN)
= ( mm )
= a (mm)
= b (mm)
= 9.5.1 a (mm)
= 9.5.1 b (mm)
9.5.3.9
,
0.7 , 1.0 .

(9.5.11)
= (mm)
= (mm)
9-31
9.5.3.10
.

(9.5.12)
= a (rad)
= b (rad)
= (mm)
= (mm)
9.5.3.11
.

mm

= (kN)
= (mm2)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
=
- :
- :
9-32
(9.5.13)
9.5
9.5.3.12
(1)
9.5.3.13
(9.5.14)
(9.5.15)
,
= (mm)
= (mm)
(2)

( ) (9.5.16)
. .
(9.5.16) ( ) .

(9.5.16)
(3)
.
m in
(9.5.17)
3 MPa .
9-33
m in
m in (MPa)
(9.5.18)
= (N)
m in = (N)
(9.5.19)
0.6, 0.2 , m in
(MPa).
9.5.3.13 , ,
, , .
(1)

.
(2)
( ) .

(9.5.20)
,
= ( )
= (mm2)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
(3)
( ) .
9-34
9.5
9.5.9 .
-

(9.5.21)
(9.5.22)
9.5.9 .
9.5.9
0.5
0.75
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.4
1.5
137
100
86.2
80.4
79.3
78.4
76.7
75.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.5
10
74.1
73.1
72.2
71.5
70.8
68.3
61.9
60
(4)
( ) (9.5.23)
. , .

(9.5.23)
, 2,000 MPa .
9.5.3.14
(1) 9.5.5
C .
(2)
9-35
150 % .
9.5.3.15
(1) .
9.5.4
9.5.4.1
(1) , ,
.
(2) 9.5.6
.
9.5.4.2
, , ,
.
(1) (NR) (CR) , KS M ISO 6446 .
(2) ,
(KS D 3501, KS D 3503, KS D 3506, KS D 3512, KS D 3515, KS
D 3698, KS D 3705, KS D 4101, KS D 4102, KS D 4302).
(3)
.
(4) ,
.
9-36
9.5
9.5.4.3
(1)
( ) 0.03rad ,
( ) 0.005 rad .
(2) ( )
( m ax ) .
0.2 .
(3)
.
( 9.5.2 1).
( 9.5.2 2)
9.5.2
9.5.4.4
.
9.5.4.5
45 .
60 .
9-37
9.5.3
9.5.4.6
(1) , .
m in
(9.5.24)
,
= (rad)
= (mm)
(2) .

(9.5.25)
9-38
= (60MPa)
(9.5.26)
9.5
9.5.4.7
(1) .
(2) .
9.5.4.8

.
9.5.4.9
(1) . ( ) 15 mm (
9.5.4). R( 9.5.5) 100 mm .
(2) . (N),
(N) .

(9.5.27)
(9.5.28)
= (mm)
= (MPa)
= (mm)
(9.5.29)
= (mm)
9-39
= (MPa)
= (MPa)
= 9.5.5 (mm)
9.5.4
9.5.5
9.5.5
9.5.5.1
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3) 9.5.6 .
9.5.5.2
(1) .
9-40
9.5
9.5.6
(2) 9.5.4
.
9.5.5.3
(1) . ( )
, , 2 .
1)
9.5.7 ()
(2) .
9-41
(3) (9.5.30) , ( )
.
(9.5.30)
,
= (N)
= PTFE ( 9.5.14 )(MPa)
= (mm2)
9.5.6
9.5.6.1
.
9.5.6.2
9.5.10 , .
.
9.5.10
PTFE
PTFE

PTFE
9.5.6.3
(1) , , ,
.
(2) PTFE
9.5.8 .
9-42
9.5
9.5.6.4
(1) . ,
,
.
9.5.11 , m ax
(MPa)
10
20
30
PTFE /
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.03
(0.025)*
PTFE /
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.045
(0.038)*
(2) PTFE ,
.
PTFE : m ax
(9.5.31)
9.5.6.5
(1) PTFE
PTFE (free sintered)
. PTFE , 9.5.12
. PTFE PTFE
.
9.5.12 PTFE ,
KS M ISO 1183()
[kg/m3]
KS M ISO 527-1
KS M ISO 527-3
[MPa]
KS M ISO 527-1
KS M ISO 527-3
[%]
KS M ISO 2039-1
H132/60 = 23 ~ 33 [MPa]
9-43
9.5.8 .
9.5.8
(2)
KS D ISO 16143-1 1.4401 +2B 1.4404 +2B .
( ) KS B ISO 4287 1 m , EN
ISO 6507-2 150 HV1~220 HV1 .
(3)
KS B 6952 S355 J2G3 , KS D
ISO 9328-4 KS D ISO 9328-6 .
, , , ,
.
KS B ISO 4287 3 m .
100 m .
9-44
9.5
(4)
KS B 6952 , KS D 4302 , KS D 4101 , KS
D 4103 .
(5)
.
KS D ISO 3522 AI-Mg6M AI-Si7MgTF .
. 15 m,
14 m.
KS B ISO 4287 3 m
. , .
(6)
PTFE .
,
. 9.5.13 .
9.5.13
KS M ISO 2137
26.5 ~ 29.5
mm
KS M ISO 2176
180
(100 24 )
% (mass)

(160 100 )
0.1
MPa
KS M 2016
below -60
(7)
(solvent free) ,
.
25 MPa .
9-45
9.5.6.6
PTFE .
9.5.9 PTFE
5 MPa
.
9.5.10
9-46
9.5
(1)
30 9.5.14 . 30
48 1 2 % .
9.5.14
(MPa)
PTFE
90
90
, ,
30
10
PTFE
(2) PTFE
PTFE .
mm

(9.5.32)
mm
(9.5.33)
= PTFE (mm)
(3)
. (key)
(key way) , .
mm mm

(9.5.34)
(4)
PTFE
. 4
.
PTFE 50 mm
, PTFE 2 .
9-47
PTFE
PTFE . 2
.
PTFE . PTFE
. 1,000 mm ,
50 mm . .
10 mm .

PTFE 5.5 mm,
2.3 mm 0.2 mm.
9.5.6.7
(1) PTFE
.
(2) 9.5.15 .
9.5.15

(mm)
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
9-48
9.5
9.5.6.8 (backing plate)

.
.
,

(1)
( ) (9.5.35) ,
.

(9.5.35)
9.5.11
(2)
(9.5.36) .
max(
, 10 mm)
(9.5.36)
= (mm)
= (mm)
9-49
9.5.6.9
(1)
.
, .
(2)
9.5.10
.
(9.5.37)
= (N)
= ( 9.5.14)(MPa)
= (mm2)
100 mm PTFE (
A), ( A r )
, 100 mm PTFE .
9.5.5 .
9.5.6.10
.

.
(1)
9.5.16 .
9-50
9.5
9.5.16 PTFE
( : , , )
+21
0.012
0.005
0.018
0.008
-35
0.035
0.02
0.053
0.038
0.018
0.012
0.027
0.018
-35
0.018
0.012
:
:
:
:
0.027
0.018
(2)
9.5.17, 9.5.18
.
9.5.17 PTFE
( : )

5,132 m
10,242 m
-35
0.030
0.025
0.050
0.040
-20
0.025
0.020
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.015
0.025
0.020
0.020
0.015
+21
0.015
0.010
.
9.5.18 PTFE
( : , , )
2,066 m
,
-35
0.030
0.025
0.045
0.038
-20
0.025
0.020
0.038
0.030
0.020
0.015
0.030
0.022
+21
0.015
0.010
0.022
0.015
9-51
9.5.7
9.5.7.1

.
9.5.19 .
9.5.19 (MPa)
SS400
SM35C
SM45C
60
80
80
9.5.7.2
(1) 9.5.20 .
(2) , KS B 1010 1 2 M20,
M22, M24 .
9.5.20 (kN) (1 1)

F8T
F10T
S10T
M20
31
39
39
M22
39
48
48
M24
45
56
56
(3) .
(4) .
(9.5.38)
.
9-52
(9.5.38)
9.5
= 1 (kN)
= 1 (kN)
= (kN)
(9.5.39) .
(9.5.39)
= 1 (kN)
= 1 (kN)
= (kNmm)
= (mm)
= .
(mm)
,
(9.5.40) .

(9.5.40)
= 1 (kN)
= 1 (kN)
= 1 (kN)
= 1 (kN)
(5) 9.5.21 . ,
3 .
9-53
9.5.21 (mm)

M24
85
M22
75
M20
65
(6) 9.5.22 .
9.5.22 (mm)

M24
170
M22
150
M20
130
, 300
= (mm)
= (mm)
= (mm)
(7) 9.5.23 .
9.5.23

(mm)
,
, ,
M24
42
37
M22
37
32
M20
32
28
(8) 8 . 150 mm
.
9-54
9.5
(9) 2 .
(10)
.
, 60 % .

.
9.5.24 (MPa)

F8T
F10T
S10T
260
330
330
2
50
240
300
300
50
190
230
230
9.5.7.3
E
.
9-55
9.6
9.6.1
.

.
9.6.2
.
m ax
m ax
m in
m in
m ax
m ax
(9.6.1)
(9.6.2)
, m ax , m in , , m ax
.
.

(9.6.3)
.
.
(9.6.4)
9-56
(9.6.5)
9.6
.
8.11.7.1 .
9.6.3
,
.
.
.
9.6.3.1
(1) , , ,
.
(2) 70 %, 200 % .
(9.6.6)
(9.6.7)
9.6.3.2
(1) .
m ax
:

(9.6.8)
m ax
:

(9.6.9)
, 1 S1 8 , S1 8
.
9-57
S1 15 = =
.

(9.6.10)
(2) .

(9.6.11)
(9.6.12)
(3) , , .
(9.6.13)
, .
9.6.1
(G, MPa)

(HDR)

(LNR),
(LRB)
0.8
1.0
1.2
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.3
1.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
9.6.3.3
.

:

9-58
(9.6.14)
9.6
(9.6.15)
, Kv 1.3 .
9.6.3.4

.
m ax

:
(9.6.16)
m ax

:
(9.6.17)
, 2.5, 1.5.
9.6.3.5
.
m ax
m ax
(9.6.18)
9.6.2
1
(MPa)
12
9-59
9.6.3.6
.
(9.6.19)
9.6.3
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
9.6.4

.
(1) : , , ,
.
(2) :
.
(3) : .

.
9.6.5
, , ,
.
(1) 10 % ,
20 % . , EDC 15
% EDC 25 % .
9-60
9.6
9.6.4 EDC
EDC
20 %
-25 %
10 %
-15 %
(2)
.

.
15 % .
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) 9.6.4
.
(6) .
9-61
9.7
9.7.1
,
. , , ,
.
9.7.2
(1)

,
. ,

.
(2)

.
9.7.3
1,100 mm
3.75 kN/m, 2.5 kN/m
, 1.0 kN/m .
.
, .
.
9-62
9.7
9.7.4

650 mm .

. ,
.
.
.

.
9.7.5

.
9.7.6

(1)
,

9-63
.
.
(2)
,
.
.
9-64

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() ()

(Extreme Event Limit State)

(Ultimate(Strength) Limit State)

(Serviceability Limit State)

(Fatigue and Fracture Limit State)

= (3.12.2.1), (3.21.6), (3.21.7)

EH, EV, ES, DW DC

1.40 1.00 0.40

1.00 1.00 1.00

1.00 1.00 1.00 0.30

1.00 1.30 1.00

1.00 0.80 1.00

3.11 : EH, ES, LS, DD

3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP

3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP

3.12 , , , : WA, BP, WP

100,000 0.1 , 100,000

= (mm); (mm); (mm);

= (mm); (m) (4.6.3.1)

= (mm); (mm) (4.6.3.1)

= (MPa); (mm); 1 (m) (4.5.3.3 (2))

= 2 (mm4) (4.5.3.3.(2)) (4.6.3.1)

= (St. Venant) (mm4) (4.6.3.1)

= (m); (m); (mm) (4.6.2.4)

= (mm) (4.6.1.2 (4))

= (mm); 1/2(mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))

= 2 (N mm) (4.5.3.3 (2))

= 3.6.1.1 (4.6.3.1) (4.6.4) (4.6.3.2)

= 1(kN); (4.6.2.4) (4.6.2.8)

= (Euler) (N) (4.5.3.3.(2))

= 2 (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))

= (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))

= (MPa) (4.5.3.3 (2))

4.6.3-1 4.6.3.2 4.6.3.3

1800 < 5500

(4.6.18) (4.6.19) 4.6.5 4.6.6 ,

= 4.6.7 4.6.8 (mm)

(nominal value of material)

= T-, I-, L- (mm)

-I, -II, -III, -IV, -V

(2) 20 (5.5.35) (5.5.36)

40 MPa , , , 2.0, 0.002, 0.0033 .

(5.5.24) ) 1.0. , (5.5.49)

(10) (1) (8)

(2) (5.8.9) 5.8.4.3

(3) (1) (2) 1/3

(2) 1 log MPa

(4) (pairs of wires/bars) (welded fabric)

* 5.11.4.7 (direct support) , m in

(2) ( 14 mm-32 mm) .

0.65 .( 5.11.11) 5.11.5

1.3 ( 5.11.5.3 .).

(2) 5.12.2.6 (5) (6) .

= (mm); (mm); (mm)

SM400, SM490, SM490Y

SMA400, SMA490, SMA570

HSB500, HSB600, HSB800

STK400, STK490, STK500

SPY345, SPY345W, SPY450,

SCHB1, SCHB2, SCHB3

SW-A, SW-B, SW-C

PW-1, PW-2, PW-3

SWPC1, SWPD1, SWPC2,