10/14/2015

Prepared and Presented by:

Ma. Elizabeth B. Vivar
2

Elements

Symbols from Latin Names

Pure substances that cannot be separated into

Element
Copper
Gold
Lead
Mercury
Potassium
Silver
Sodium
Tin
Tungsten
Iron

different substances by ordinary processes

Are the building blocks of matter

Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations
Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:

C carbon
N nitrogen
3

Co cobalt
Br bromine
4

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

65.5%

0.34%

18.0%

0.24%

10.0%

Na

0.14%

3.0%

Cl

0.14%

Ca

1.4%

Fe

0.004%

1.0%

Zn

0.003%

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Symbol
Cu
Au
Pb
Hg
K
Ag
Na
Sn
W
Fe

Latin Name
cuprum
aurum
plumbum
hydrargyrum
kalium
argentum
natrium
stannum
wolfram
Ferrum

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Learning Checkpoint

Major Elements in the Body

O

PHYSICAL SCIENCE MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Select the correct symbol for each

A. Calcium
1)
Ca
2)
C
3)

CA

B. Sulfur
1) Sl

2)

3)

Su

C. Iron
1) Ir

2)

3)

Fe

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

10/14/2015

Periodic Table

Learning Checkpoint

The periodic table is an arrangement of the

Select the correct name for each

A. N
1)
neon
2)
nickel
3)

nitrogen

B. Ag
1)

silver

2)

gold

3)

argon

C. Pb
1)

lead

2)

tin

3)

zinc

Groups of Elements
Similar chemical and physical properties
There are 16 groups or family

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Groups on the periodic table

1

elements according to similarities, and increasing

atomic number.
There are two groups : 8A Groups , 8B Groups
Vertical column or group
Horizontal row or period

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

8A - Groups

Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Group VII
Group VIII

Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Chalcogens
Halogens
Noble Gases

8B - Groups
All group B (I B VIII B)
9

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

10

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Periods on the periodic table

Periods of Elements
There are 7 periods or series
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3

1
2

Period 4

Period 5

Period 6
Period 7

2 elements
8 elements
8 elements
16 elements
16 elements
32 elements
INCOMPLETE

6
11

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

12

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

10/14/2015

Learning Checkpoint

Learning Checkpoint

Select the correct element for each

A. Group VII A, Period 4
1)
Br
2)
Cl
3)

Mg

B. Group II A, Period 5
1) Ag
2) Sr

3)

Sn

C. Group V A, Period 3
1) K
2)
P

3)

Si

13

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur
____
B. chlorine
____
C. sodium
____
D. iron
____
E. carbon
____
F. silver
____
G. Mercury
____

14

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Learning Checkpoint
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
2) C, Si
3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

Atomic Number
Mass Number
Subatomic Particles

B. Nonmetals in Period 2
1) He, Ne, Ar
2) N, P, As
3) N, O, F
15

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

16

PHYSICAL SCIENCE MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Atomic Theory
Atoms are building blocks of elements
Similar atoms in each element
Two or more different atoms bond in simple ratios

to form compounds

Sub-atomic Particles
Particle

Atomic Number
Mass Number
Subatomic Particles
17

PHYSICAL SCIENCE MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

18

Symbol

Charge

Relative
Mass
0

Electron

e-

1-

Proton

p+

1+

Neutron

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

10/14/2015

Atomic Number (Z)

Learning Checkpoint

Is the number of protons in the nucleus of the

State the number of protons for an atoms of each of

the following:
A. Nitrogen
1)
7
2)
14
3) 5

atom

11

Atomic Number
11 protons

Na

Symbol
Sodium

19

20

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Electrons

3)

C. Barium
1) 56

2)

137

3)

81

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

different numbers of neutrons.

11

Atomic Number
Z = 11

p = 11

35Cl

chlorine - 35

Learning Checkpoint

17

chlorine - 37

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Mass Number (A)

Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes,

12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.
13C

37Cl

17

22

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Atoms of the same element (same atomic

number) with different mass numbers
Isotopes of chlorine

Na

e = 11

16

Atoms with the same number of protons, but

Atomic Number = Number of electrons

12C

2)

Isotopes

An atom is neutral
The net charge is zero
Number of protons = Number of electrons

21

B. Sulfur
1) 32

Is the total number of protons and neutron in the

nucleus of the atom:

A = number neutron + number of protons

A = number of neutrons + Z

14C

#p _______

_______

_______

#e _______

_______

_______

#n _______

_______

_______

Atomic Number
Symbol

Mass Number
23

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

24

11

Na
22.99

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

10/14/2015

Number of Neutrons

Calculating Atomic Mass

Can be calculated, by subtracting the atomic

number from mass number

A
Z

35

Cl

17

Cl

Percent(%) abundance of isotopes

Mass of each isotope of that element

Weighted average =

mass isotope1(%) + mass isotope2(%) +

100

Can be calculated, by subtracting the atomic

100

number from mass number

n= A - Z
25

26

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Learning Checkpoint

Practice 1
Gallium is a metallic element found in small laser used
in compact disc players. In a sample of gallium, there
is 60.2% of gallium-69 (68.9 amu) atoms and 39.8 %
of gallium-71 (70.9 amu) atoms. What is the atomic
mass of gallium?

Cl-35 is about 75.5 % and Cl-37 about 24.5% of

natural chlorine. What is the average atomic mass?
35 x

75.5
100

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

26.4

35.5
37 x

27

24.5 __ =
100

9.07

28

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR

Solution
Ga-69
68.9 amu x

60.2

= 41.5 amu for

69Ga

100
Ga-71 (%/100)

29

70.9 amu x 39.8

100

= 28.2 amu for

Atomic mass Ga

= 69.7 amu

71Ga

PHYSICAL SCIENCE PROF. MA. ELIZABETH B. VIVAR