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RECS 2016
7/21/09
Financial
Responsibility
Regulatory Oversight
Remediation
Monitoring
Safe Operations
Storage Engineering
Site Characterization
and Selection
Fundamental Storage
and Leakage Mechanisms
Basic
Required Characteristics of
Geological Media Suitable for Storage
of Fluids
Capacity, to store the intended CO2 volume
Injectivity, to receive the CO2 at the supply rate
Containment, to avoid or minimize CO2 leakage
12
Sedimentary Basins
Intra-cratonic, foreland and passive-margin basins
! Metamorphic Rocks
Low porosity
Low permeability
Fractures
! Sedimentary rocks
Low porosity
Low permeability
Fractures
Granite
Schist
Sandstone
High permeability
Few fractures
16
Unconventional Basalts
Capacity is immense
Chemical makeup favorable for mineralization reactions
Deposited like sedimentary rocks
Seals
reservoirs
If only 3% of basalt is suitable for injection
100 GtCO2 storage capacity (McGrail et al 2006)
Unconventional Coal
18
Mineralization = Permanence
+
Calcium Magnesium
Silicate Rock
Calcite or
Magnesite
jmatter@ldeo.columbia.edu
Stored CO 2 (kg m )
60
50
Hydrodynamic
Mineral
40
30
20
10
Solubility
0
0
100
200
300
Time (years)
400
500
Water
Super Critical CO 2
40%
Zeolites
20%
Carbonates
Clays
0%
0
100
200
300
Time (years)
400
500
1800
Reactor 1
Reactor 3
1600
1400
1200
1000
Pressure,
psi
CO
Repressurized
to1456 psi
400
Time, days
200
250