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INTRODUCTION
Stakeholder Forum has produced this paper in an effort to provide an overview of the multitude of
existing global targets for sustainable development. As the international community prepares for
the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 ('Rio+20'), there will be pressure for new
targets to be set and for new commitments to be made. Stakeholder Forum recognises that this is
an important part of any Summit outcome, and hopes that this overview of existing targets may
assist governments to consolidate targets where possible, and to identify gaps where new targets
might be necessary. This document also intends to enhance accountability for previous
commitments, by gathering together in one place all the time-bound targets that governments are
obliged to deliver on sustainable development, as a tool for civil society to hold them to account.
The targets indentified in this document are drawn from the following global agreements:
Agenda 21 Outcome from the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
- 'Rio Earth Summit' in 1992
Commission on Sustainable Development outcome documents from all sessions of the
Commission on Sustainable Development
Millennium Development Goals goals and targets agreed at the Millennium Summit in
2000
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation outcome document from the World Summit on
Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002
Rio Conventions the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), Kyoto Protocol to the
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
The targets have been disaggregated by focus and by sector, as follows:
Human Development Targets
Health
Human Settlements
Education
Poverty and Employment
Environmental Management Targets
Land
Forests
Agriculture and Food
Energy
Freshwater
Atmosphere
Chemicals
Waste
Governance and Implementation Targets
Major Groups and Civil Society
Capacity Building and Governance
Finance
Targets have only been listed where they are time-bound and have a specific delivery date.
Targets have been chosen according to their relevance to the sustainable development process.
This document is not exhaustive and there are some sub-targets that have not been included.
To provide feedback on this document please contact Hannah Stoddart, Head of Policy and
Advocacy at Stakeholder Forum hstoddart@stakeholderforum.org
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Agenda 21 (6.12)
Section 1
Chapter 6
Protecting and
Promoting Human
Health
A: Meeting primary
health care needs,
particularly in rural
area basis for action
Para 12
2000
6.12... Some major goals are:
(a) By the year 2000, to eliminate guinea worm disease
(dracunculiasis);
(b) By the year 2000, eradicate polio;
(c) By the year 2000, to effectively control onchocerciasis (river
blindness) and leprosy;
(d) By 1995, to reduce measles deaths by 95 per cent and reduce
measles cases by 90 per cent compared with pre-immunization
levels;
(e) By continued efforts, to provide health and hygiene education
and to ensure universal access to safe drinking water and
universal access to sanitary measures of excreta disposal,
thereby markedly reducing waterborne diseases such as
cholera and schistosomiasis and reducing:
(f) By the year 2000, the number of deaths from childhood
diarrhoea in developing countries by 50 to 70 per cent;
(g) By the year 2000, the incidence of childhood diarrhoea in
developing countries by at least 25 to 50 per cent;
(h) By the year 2000, to initiate comprehensive programmes to
reduce mortality from acute respiratory infections in children
under five years by at least one third, particularly in countries
with high infant mortality;
(i)
By the year 2000, to provide 95 per cent of the world's child
population with access to appropriate care for acute respiratory
infections within the community and at first referral level;
(j) By the year 2000, to institute anti-malaria programmes in all
countries where malaria presents a significant health problem
and maintain the transmission-free status of areas freed from
endemic malaria;
(k) By the year 2000, to implement control programmes in
countries where major human parasitic infections are endemic
and achieve an overall reduction in the prevalence of
schistosomiasis and of other trematode infections by 40 per
cent and 25 per cent, respectively, from a 1984 baseline, as
well as a marked reduction in incidence, prevalence and
intensity of filarial infections;
Agenda 21 (6.40)
Section 1
Chapter 6 - Protecting
and Promoting Human
Health
E: Reducing health
risks from
environmental
pollutions and hazards
2000
1997
2005
Johannesburg Plan
54. (e) Promote and develop partnerships to enhance health
of Implementation education with the objective of achieving improved health literacy on a 2010
global basis by 2010, with the involvement of United Nations agencies, 2015
Chapter IV - Health
as appropriate;
and Sustainable
Development
54. (f) Develop programmes and initiatives to reduce, by the year
2015, mortality rates for infants and children under 5 by two thirds,
and maternal mortality rates by three quarters, of the prevailing rate in
2000, and reduce disparities between and within developed and
developing countries as quickly as possible, with particular attention to
eliminating the pattern of disproportionate and preventable mortality
among girl infants and children;
55. Implement, within the agreed time frames, all commitments
agreed in the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted by the
General Assembly at its twenty-sixth special session, emphasizing in
particular the reduction of HIV prevalence among young men and
women aged 15 to 24 by 25 per cent in the most affected countries by
2005, and globally by 2010, as well as combat malaria, tuberculosis
and other diseases by, inter alia:
Millennium Summit
Outcome
Millennium
Development Goals
1C. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who
2015
suffer from hunger
4.A. Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five
mortality rate
5.A. Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
5.B. Achieve universal access to reproductive health
6.B. Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for
all those who need it
6.C. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of
malaria and other major diseases
6.A. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
8.E. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to
affordable essential drugs in developing countries
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Delivery
Date
Document
Target
Agenda 21 (7.38)
Section 1
Chapter 7
Promoting Sustainable
Human Settlement
Development
D. Promoting the
integrated provision of
environmental
infrastructure: water,
sanitation, drainage
and solid-waste
management
2025
7.38. The objective is to ensure the provision of adequate
environmental infrastructure facilities in all settlements by the year
2025. The achievement of this objective would require that all
developing countries incorporate in their national strategies
programmes to build the necessary technical, financial and human
resource capacity aimed at ensuring better integration of infrastructure
and environmental planning by the year 2000.
Johannesburg Plan 10. To achieve a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100
of Implementation million slum dwellers, as proposed in the 'Cities without slums'
Chapter II Poverty
initiative.
Eradication
2020
EDUCATION
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Agenda 21 (25.5)
Section 3
Chapter 25 Children
and Youth in SD
A: Advancing the role
of youth and actively
involving them in the
protection of the
environment and the
promotion of
economic and social
development
25.5 Each country, by the year 2000, should ensure that more than 50
per cent of its youth, gender balanced, are enrolled in or have access
to appropriate secondary education or equivalent educational or
vocational training programmes by increasing participation and access
rates on an annual basis.
2000
Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation
Chapter X Means of
Implementation
2015
2005 - 2015
120. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education by
2005, as provided in the Dakar Framework for Action on Education for
All, and at all levels of education no later than 2015, to meet the
development goals contained in the Millennium Declaration, with action
to ensure, inter alia, equal access to all levels and forms of education,
training and capacity-building by gender mainstreaming, and by
creating a gender-sensitive educational system.
Johannesburg Plan (e) Support the development of national programmes and strategies to
of Implementation promote education within the context of nationally owned and led
strategies for poverty reduction and strengthen research institutions in
Chapter VIII
2015
Sustainable
Development for
Africa
Millennium Summit
Outcome
Millennium
Development Goals
2.A. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,
will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
3.A. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015
2015
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Millennium Summit
Outcome
Millennium
Development Goals
1A. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose
income is less than $1 a day
2015
1B. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all,
including women and young people
Document
Target
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Agenda 21 (10.5)
Chapter 10
Integrated Approach
to the Planning and
Management of Land
Resources
1996 2000
10.... In more specific terms, the objectives are as follows:
(a) To review and develop policies to support the best possible use
of land and the sustainable management of land resources, by
not later than 1996;
(b) To improve and strengthen planning, management and
evaluation systems for land and land resources, by not later than
2000;
(c) To strengthen institutions and coordinating mechanisms for land
and land resources, by not later than 1998;
(d) To create mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement and
participation of all concerned, particularly communities and
people at the local level, in decision-making on land use and
management, by not later than 1996.
Agenda 21 (12.40)
Chapter 12
Managing Fragile
Ecosystems:
Combating
Desertification and
Drought
1994
2000
Agenda 21 (13.15) 13.15 The objectives of this programme area are:
(a) By the year 2000, to develop appropriate land-use planning
Section 2
and management for both arable and non-arable land in
Chapter 13: Managing
mountain-fed watershed areas to prevent soil erosion, increase
Fragile Ecosystems
biomass production and maintain the ecological balance;
Sustainable Mountain
Development
B. Promoting
integrated watershed
development and
alternative livelihood
opportunities
Agenda 21 (14.44) 14.44 The objectives of this programme area are:
(a) By the year 2000, to review and initiate, as appropriate,
Section 2
national land-resource surveys, detailing the location, extent
Chapter 14
and severity of land degradation;
Promoting Sustainable
Agriculture and Rural
Development
E. Land Conservation
and Rehabilitation
2000
FORESTS
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Agenda 21 (11.2)
Section 2
Chapter 11Combating
Deforestation
A: Sustaining the
multiple roles and
functions of all types
of forests, forestlands,
and woodlands
11.2. By the year 2000, to strengthen the capacities and capabilities of 2000
national institutions to enable them to acquire the necessary knowledge
for the protection and conservation of forests, as well as to expand
their scope and, correspondingly, enhance the effectiveness of
programmes and activities related to the management and
development of forests;
Convention on
Biological Diversity
7th Conference of
Parties
Decision VII/30
Seven Focal Areas for
the Biodiversity
Target, including sub
goals and targets
2010
Biodiversity 20112020
IV Strategic Goals and
Aichi Biodiversity
Targets
10
11
Document
Target
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Date
1995 2005
14.8. The objectives of this Programme area are:
Agenda 21 (14.8)
(a)
By 1995, to review and, where appropriate, establish a
Section 2
programme to integrate environmental and sustainable
Chapter 14:
development with policy analysis for the food and agriculture
Promoting Sustainable
sector and relevant macroeconomic policy analysis, formulation
Agriculture and Rural
and implementation;
Development
(b)
To maintain and develop, as appropriate, operational
A. Agricultural policy
multisectoral plans, programmes and policy measures,
review, planning and
including programmes and measures to enhance sustainable
integrated
food production and food security within the framework of
programmes in the
sustainable development, not later than 1998;
light of the
(c)
To maintain and enhance the ability of developing countries,
multifunctional aspect
particularly the least developed ones, to themselves manage
of agriculture,
policy, programming and planning activities, not later than
particularly with
2005.
regard to food
security and
sustainable
development
Agenda 21 (14.56)
Section 2
Chapter 14:
Promoting Sustainable
Agriculture and Rural
Development
G. Conservation and
sustainable utilization
of plant genetic
resources for food and
sustainable agriculture
2000
14.56 The objectives of this programme area are:
(c)
Not later than the year 2000, to adopt policies and strengthen or
establish programmes for in situ on-farm and ex situ conservation and
sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture,
integrated into strategies and programmes for sustainable agriculture;
Agenda 21 (14.74)
Section 2
Chapter 14:
Promoting Sustainable
Agriculture and Rural
Development
I. Integrated pest
management and
control in agriculture
12
1998 2000
2000
2015
2015 the proportion of the worlds people who suffer from hunger and
realize the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of themselves and their families, including food, including by
promoting food security and fighting hunger in combination with
measures which address poverty, consistent with the outcome of the
World Food Summit and, for States Parties, with their ob ligations
under article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights;
ENERGY
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Agenda 21 (14.74)
Section 2
Chapter 14:
Promoting Sustainable
Agriculture and Rural
Development
K. Rural energy
transition to enhance
productivity
2000
Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation
Chapter VII Small
Island Developing
States
FRESHWATER
Document
Target
Delivery
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Agenda 21 (18.11)
Section 2
Chapter 18:
Protection of the
Quality and Supply of
Freshwater
Resources:
Application of
Integrated
Approaches to the
Development,
Management and Use
of Water Resources
A. Integrated water
resources
development and
management
2000
2025
13
2000
Agenda 21 (18.39)
Section 2
Chapter 18:
Protection of the
Quality and Supply of
Freshwater
Resources:
Application of
Integrated
Approaches to the
Development,
Management and Use
of Water Resources
C. Protection of water
resources, water
quality and aquatic
ecosystems
2000
Agenda 21 (18.58)
Section 2
Chapter 18:
Protection of the
Quality and Supply of
Freshwater
Resources:
Application of
Integrated
Approaches to the
Development,
Management and Use
of Water Resources
E. Water and
sustainable urban
development
2000
18.58.All States, according to their capacity and available resources,
and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, including the United
Nations and other relevant organizations as appropriate, could set the
following targets
(a) By the year 2000, to have ensured that all urban residents have
access to at least 40 litres per capita per day of safe water and that 75
per cent of the urban population are provided with on- site or
community facilities for sanitation;
(b) By the year 2000, to have established and applied quantitative
and qualitative discharge standards for municipal and industrial
effluents
(c) By the year 2000, to have ensured that 75 per cent of solid waste
generated in urban areas are collected and recycled or disposed of in
an environmentally safe way.
Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation
Chapter II: Poverty
Eradication
2015
8. The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sanitation is
necessary to protect human health and the environment. In this
respect, we agree to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of people
who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water (as outlined in
the Millennium Declaration) and the proportion of people who do not
have access to basic sanitation
Johannesburg Plan 26. Develop integrated water resources management and water
14
2005
of Implementation
Chapter IV
Protecting and
Managing the Natural
Resource base of
Sustainable
Development
Millennium Summit 7C. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without
Outcome
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Millennium
Development Goals
2015
ATMOSPHERE
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
Kyoto Protocol to
the UN Framework
Conention on
Climate Change
Article 3
2012
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure
that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions
of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned
amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and
reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with
the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall
emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the
commitment period 2008 to 2012.
2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made
demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this
2005
Protocol.
Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation
Chapter IV
Protecting and
managing the natural
resource base of
economic and social
development
15
2003/5
2010
CHEMICALS
Document
Target
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Agenda 21 (19.13)
Section 2
Chapter 19
Environmentally
sound management of
toxic chemicals
A. Expanding and
accelerating
international
assessment of
chemical risks
2000
Agenda 21 (19.27)
Section 2
Chapter 19
Environmentally
sound management of
toxic chemicals
B. Harmonization of
classification and
labeling of chemicals
2000
Agenda 21 (19.38)
Section 2
Chapter 19
Environmentally
sound management of
toxic chemicals
C. Information
exchange on toxic
chemicals and
chemical risks
2000
Agenda 21 (19.58)
Section 2
Chapter 19
Environmentally
sound management of
toxic chemicals
E. Strengthening of
national capabilities
and capacities for
management of
chemicals
2000
Commission on
Sustainable
Development
Second Session
Report
Annex: Priorities for
Action adopted by the
International
Conference on
Chemical Safety
1994
1997
2000
16
Programme area A.
Expanding and
accelerating
international
assessment of
chemical risks
Commission on
Sustainable
Development
Second Session
Report
Annex: Priorities for
Action adopted by the
International
Conference on
Chemical Safety
Programme area B.
Harmonization of
classification and
labeling of chemicals
Programme area C.
Information exchange
on toxic chemicals
and chemical risks
1997 2000
Commission on
Sustainable
Development
Second Session
Report
Annex: Priorities for
Action adopted by the
International
Conference on
Chemical Safety
Programme area D.
Establishment of risk
reduction
programmes
1997
Commission on
Sustainable
Development
Second Session
Report
Annex: Priorities for
Action adopted by the
International
Conference on
Chemical Safety
Programme area E:
Strengthening of
national capabilities
and capacities for
8. By 1997 not less than 40 more countries should have established poison
control centres with related clinical and analytical facilities, and good
progress should have been made on harmonizing systems for recording
data in different countries.
17
1997
management of
chemicals
23. Renew the commitment, as advanced in Agenda 21, to sound
management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and of hazardous
wastes for sustainable development as well as for the protection of human
health and the environment, inter alia, aiming to achieve, by 2020, that
chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of
significant adverse effects on human health and the environment...
(c)
Encourage countries to implement the new globally harmonized
system for the classification and labeling of chemicals as soon as possible
with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008;
2020
2008
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Agenda 21 (21.9)
Section 3
Chapter 21
Environmentally
sound management
of Solid Wastes and
Sewage-related issues
A. Waste Minimisation
2000
Agenda 21 (21.18)
Section 3
Chapter 21
Environmentally
sound management
of Solid Wastes and
Sewage-related issues
B. Maximizing
environmentally sound
waste reuse and
recycling
2000
Agenda 21 (21.29)
Section 3
Chapter 21
Environmentally
sound management
of Solid Wastes and
Sewage-related issues
C. Promoting
environmentally sound
waste disposal and
treatment
D. Extending waste
Johannesburg Plan
of Implementation
Chapter III
Changing
Unsustainable
Patterns of
Consumption and
Production
WASTE
18
2000
2000
1995
service coverage
Agenda 21 (21.39)
Section 3
Chapter 21
Environmentally
sound management
of Solid Wastes and
Sewage-related issues
D. Extending waste
service coverage
21.39. The overall objective of this programme is to provide healthprotecting, environmentally safe waste collection and disposal services to
all people. Governments, according to their capacities and available
resources and with the cooperation of the United Nations and other
relevant organizations, as appropriate, should:
(a) By the year 2000, have the necessary technical, financial and human
resource capacity to provide waste collection services commensurate with
needs;
(b) By the year 2025, provide all urban populations with adequate waste
services;
(c) By the year 2025, ensure that full urban waste service coverage is
maintained and sanitation coverage achieved in all rural areas.
19
2000
2025
2025
Document
Target
Delivery
Date
2015
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Target
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Date
Agenda 21 (25.5)
Section 3
Chapter 25 Children
and Youth in SD
A: Advancing the role
of youth and actively
involving them in the
protection of the
environment and the
promotion of
economic and social
development
25.5 Each country, by the year 2000, should ensure that more than 50
per cent of its youth, gender balanced, are enrolled in or have access
to appropriate secondary education or equivalent educational or
vocational training programmes by increasing participation and access
rates on an annual basis.
2000
Agenda 21 (25.9)
Section 3
Chapter 25 Children
and Youth in SD
A: Advancing the role
of youth and actively
involving them in the
protection of the
environment and the
promotion of
economic and social
development
25.9. Governments, according to their strategies, should take measures to: 1993
(a) Establish procedures allowing for consultation and possible participation
of youth of both genders, by 1993, in decision-making processes with
regard to the environment, involving youth at the local, national and
regional levels;
Agenda 21 (27.7)
Section 3
Chapter 27
Strengthening the role
of NGOs: Partners for
Sustainable
Development
Agenda 21 (28.2)
Section 3
Chapter 28 Local
Authorities' Initiatives
in support of Agenda
21
Objectives
28.2. The following objectives are proposed for this programme area:
(a) By 1996, most local authorities in each country should have undertaken 1996
a consultative process with their populations and achieved a consensus on
"a local Agenda 21" for the community;
(b) By 1993, the international community should have initiated a
consultative process aimed at increasing cooperation between local
1993
20
authorities;
(c) By 1994, representatives of associations of cities and other local
authorities should have increased levels of cooperation and coordination
with the goal of enhancing the exchange of information and experience
among local authorities;
1994
Agenda 21 (29.3)
Section 3
Chapter 29
Strengthening the role
of workers and their
trade unions
Agenda 21 (29.3)
Section 3
Chapter 35 Science
for Sustainable
Development
D. Building up
scientific capacity and
capability
Agenda 21 (24.2)
Section 3
Chapter 24
Global Action for
Women towards
Sustainable and
Equitable
Development
Agenda 21 (24.2)
Section 3
Chapter 24
Global Action for
Women towards
Sustainable and
Equitable
Development
2000
2000
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Agenda 21 (37.4)
Section 4
Chapter 37 National
Mechanisms and
International
Cooperation for
21
Capacity Building in
Developing Countries
Johannesburg Plan (b) Take immediate steps to make progress in the formulation and
of Implementation elaboration of national strategies for sustainable development and
begin their implementation by 2005.
Chapter XI Institutional
Framework for
Sustainable
Development
H.Strengthening
institutional
frameworks for
sustainable
development at the
national level
2005
8.A. Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system
8.B. Address the special needs of least developed countries
8.C. Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and
small island developing States
8.D. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing
countries
8.F. In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of
new technologies, especially information and communications
2015
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Agenda 21(33.19)
Section 3
Chapter 33 Financial
Resources and
Mechanisms
Means of
Implementation
1992
Millennium Summit
Outcome
Millennium
Development Goals
FINANCE
22
23
24