Class :X. -95- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES SOUND AND WAVES Q#1 Define Periodic motion or Harmonic motion & Oscillation Or Vibration. Prove the Oscillation is closely related to elasticity? Ans 7 “The motion that repeats itself in equal interval of time is called periodic or harmonic motion.” Example: Uniform circular motion, motion of simple pendulum and compound pendulum, etc OSCILLATION OR VIBRATION: “If a body is in periodic motion moves back and forth over 2 same path, this motion is called oscillation or vibration”. Example: * Motion of simple and compound pendulum + Motion of spring of violin + Motion of a spring moving on a-horizontal surface with a restoring force and inertia The phenomena of elasticity is closely linked with that or vibration(or oscillation). It is @ commen experience that when some elastic material, for example, a mass(m) attached to one end of spring and placed on a frictionless horizontal surface as shown in the figute (a) displaced from its normal or equilibrium position and then released, it will: move through the equilibrium position and become extended in the opposite direction. Having extended itself to the other side of its normai position, the motion is reversed and is directed back toward the equilibrium position where again it goes to other side as shown in figure ) i ' : eh OO ssn CLARA RR GD rath ceive hy i ae The mass continues this back and forth oscillatory motion until friction effects cause the motion to stop. An oscillatory motion of this type depends directly on the elastic properties of the vibratory materiats. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES: -96- Class: X Qe Ans Ans Define simple harmonic motion? What are conditions for a system to execute simple harmonic motion? SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION: ‘Simple harmonic motion is a vibration or back and forth motion in which acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and always ditected towards the mean or equilibrium position. 3 a(-») (ve) negative sign shows that the acceleration is directed towards mean position, CONDITION FOR SHM; Following are the conditions of SHM The body must act upon by some restoring force. The body must have inertia. ‘The acceleration should be directly proportional to displacement. The system should be elastic. ‘The system should obey Hook's Law. The acceleration should be directed to mean position. Do kwN Write some example of SHM? Prove that the motion of a spring placed on’an ideal smooth surface, with a mass on its free ‘and execute SHM? OR Prove that the vibratory motion of a mass attached to a spring is simple harmonic motion. ao Explain SHM with the help of simple pendulum? What is time period of simple pendulum? EXAMPLE OF SHM: 1. Body attached to a spring horizontally on an ideal smooth surface. 2. The motion of simple and compound pendulum 3. Motion of the projection of a body in a circle with uniform circular motion. 4, Motion of a swing. Consider a mass “m” attached to one end of a spring and placed on a horizontal surface as shown in figure. fe) {b) Let the mass be given a small displacement x by a force F. ‘The applied force Fax OR Fa kx ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass : X -97- CH: 12- SOUND & WAVES According to Hook's law: "When a body attached to a spring is given a small displacement “x" by a force “F° then the spring ‘exerts an equal but opposite restoring force given by: Fax Negative’ sign shows that the direction of, the force is opposite to applied force and opposite to displacement. Due to the restoring force the body begins to move the equilibrium position and continues to move to and for with an acceleration *a", Now, a= -(constant) x or aatw) ‘This the mathematical form of SHM, Thus a body executes SHM under influence of elastic restoring force, If a point mass is suspended by means of an ideal and weightless string and is hanged by a rigid support then the system is called simple pendulum, a6 shown in figure. Consider a simple pendulum shown in figure Let the beginning bob of pendulum at O, then itis displaced to A as “¥ Then work is done Fd=Fx and bob restore a force ~ “F” equal in magnitude and opposite to applied force “F”. And it gains maximum potential energy at A. when release a it starts periodic motion about (© as mean position, it means that potential energy is greater at A and B and kinetic energy is maximum at © due to maximum velocity. It means its velocity decreases at the time when it is moving-"O* to-"A"-or-“O" to 'B" and velocity decreasing means acceleration is negative and at extreme position it is zero. So we can say that acceleration of bob is dreclty proportional to displacement in opposite direction. aax Hence motion of a pendulum is SHM ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12 — SOUND & WAVES -98- Class : X Ans TIME PERIOD OF SIMPLE PEI LUM: If the amplitude of simple pendulum is very small, then the time period of pendulum is given by T=29/t 8 . Wherere {= Length of pendulum g = Acceleration due to gravity 22 T= Pie = 3.14 = — 7 T = time period UNIT OF TIME PERIOD: SI units of time period = Second = s Define the following: Vibration Time period Frequency Displacement Amplitude Wave length - Vibration means complete tound trip ef.the vibrating body totiching its both extreme positions. From A to A’ and again come back to A {one vibration) © From A’ to A and again come back to A’ (one vibration) From O to A and A to A’ and again come to Oiis one vibration... The time period required to complete one vibration or one oscillation is called time period, it is denoted by T, its unit is Second ’s'. ae FREQUENCY: The number of vibration executed by an oscillatory body is one second. Unit of frequency: SI unit of frequency is, Vibration per second = vib/s_ = vibs* Cycle per second = cycle/s = cycle s* Hertz = Hz Mostly it is denoted by “V" (nu) - or f. Formula: It is reciprocal of time period Displacement of vibrating body at any instant from its mean position is called displacement. It is denoted by ’x’ and SI unit is = meter =m ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -99- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES Ans —— + L u f AMPLITUDE: The maximum displacement of @ body executing vibration is called amplitude. The displacement between one of the extreme position and mean position is called amplitude, itis denoted by “xe” SL unit is = meter = m WAVE LENGTH: Displacement between two crests or two troughs is called wave length. Consider the following wave Wave length AB J Amplitude a0 Displacement = AC Vibration = IM. 8 na f = Frequency T time period : i) ted ER K Spring constant wT nor iss sors © OF a NS 19 Define the following: a Natural Frequency Forced vibration Resonance Demonstrate the phenomenon of Resonance? Why on the certain bridges it is written that soldiers must ‘march out of step while crossing the bridge? NATURAL FREQUENCY; ‘The frequency of vibration body by which it vibrates, when it is left undisturbed after being set into vibratory motion. Example: Frequency of a simple pendulum which only depends on length FORCED VIBRATION: If a body vibrating wit ‘also be forced to vibrate at the same frequency as the former. Then the vibration ‘of second body is natural frequency is placed in contact with a second body, the latter will called forced vibration, ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREAns Whenever the frequency of a vibrating body acting on a system coincides with the natural frequency of the system, then the induced or forced vibration has a very large amplitude, this unique case of forced vibration is called "Resonance” DEMONSTRATION OF RESONANCE; . Consider a long string or a metallic wire stretched tightly between two pegs, four pendulums A, of different lengths are fastened to the string, or wire ‘Another pendulum E of the same length as that of B is also fastened as shown in figure. When pendulum £ is set swinging it will be observed that all the pendulums start swing but pendulum B begins to vibrate with an increasingly large amplitude. ‘As pendulum £ is set into vibration it imparts its motion to the string or metallic wire. This string in turn imparts the same periodic motion to the pendulum tied to it.The natural frequency of all other pendulums except pendulum 8 being different, they do to respond to the same extended to ‘the motion imparted from the string. Pendulum B responds as its natural frequency agrees with the frequency of its natural frequency agrees with the frequency of the motion of the string which in turn was supplied by the vibrating pendulum E. This phenomenon under which pendulum B begins to vibrate is called resonance. REASON FOR MUST MARCH OUT OF STEP WHILE CROSSING THE BRIDGE: Each bridge has its own natural frequency. And marching of soldiers ‘is another vibrating system. So there may occur a force of vibration or a resonance in bridge. By this bridge may be damaged and soldiers may have some hurt so for safety precaution it is written that soldier must march out of step while crossing the bridge. By this bridge may be damaged and soldier may have some hurt so for safety precautions it is written that soldiers must march out of step while crossing the bridge. What is wave motion? OR What do you understand by wave motion? Describe the phenomenon of waves with the help of an experiment? ‘WAVE MOTION: Wave motion is the form of disturbance which travels through @ medium due to periodic motion of particle of medium about their mean position. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -101- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES Ans ‘THE PHENOMENON OF DESCRIPTION OF WAVE WITH THE HELP OF EXPERIMENT: We see that if we dip a pencil into a tub of water and take it out a pronounced circular ripple is set up con the water surface and travel towards the edges of the tub. However, if we dip the pencil and take it out many times, @ number of ripples will be formed one after the other. These are shown below in figure £ Hf you place a small object on the water it moves up and down when 2 wave passes across the Position, it does not move outward as the waves do. This shows that the disturbance is produced as water travels outward down movements are vibrations of water which institute waves are the example of wave motion. ‘SECOND EXPERIMENT: Waves can also be produced on very long ropes or string. If one end of the rope is fixed and the ‘other end is given @ sudden up and down jerk a pulse shaped wave is formed which travels along the rope see figure ‘A pulse shaped wave moving along @ rope. If however jerking of the rope is continued a i1umber of waves pulses will be produced, This is called 2 wave train and it travels along the rope. From the abdve observation it may be concluded that. A wave is a traveling disturbance. st Be at Define the following and give examples? core eta Transverse wave —_Longitudinal wave ey eg yaNet Write the difference between longitudinal and teraservers wave? we a TRANSVERSE WAVE: Such type of waves in which particles of the medium vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of waves are called transverse waves. “The waves in which amplitude is perpendicular to direction of wave motion”. wavelength = % crest ® vertical position ot tha spring 1. Radio ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES -102- Class :X Ans 2. Light waves 3. Microwaves 4, Wave in a string 5. Wave in water due to external disturbance LONGITUDINAL WAVES: The waves in which the particles of medium vibrate in the direction of motion of wave are known as longitudinal waves. ‘The wave in which amplitude is parallel to wave motion is called longitudinal waves. Exomple: + Sound waves + Seismic waves DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LONGITUDINAL WAVE & TRANSVERSE WAVE: ‘TRANSVERSE WAVES LONGITUDINAL WAVES {These are the waves in which the |i. These are the waves in which the displacement of particles of medium is at | displacement of particles is parallel to right angle to the direction of wave| the direction of wave propagation. propagation. | 2, These consist of crest and troughs, Zo They., consists of compression and rarefaction 3. Rigidity of medium I= necessary for ther | 3, _ Rigiity of medium is not necessary for propagation their propagation, 4. Their velocity depends upon 4. Their velocity depends upon i) Tension ') Density of medium ii) Mass per unit length of medium | iy Elasticity of medium | ‘What are the characteristic of waves? Write the names of these characteristics Define each characteristics of waves? ‘What is relationship between velocity, frequency and wave length? CHARACTERISTICS OF A WAVE: The waves are actually periodic waves, if the graph of the body executivn SHM, is drawn then itis @ wave. So a wve has all characteristics properties as SHM. These are as follows: ime period fil) Wave length ivj Amplitude _v) Displacement Frequency ii) Frequency: The frequency of waves is defined as the number of waves generated by a source is one second. ? SI unit is cycle/second = ¢/s = cs or Hertz = Hz Example: . Ifit generates 5 waves in a second then frequency is 5 c/s=5Hz ‘Time period: The time of one cycle is known as time period. It is denoted by T Itis reciprocal of frequency T= a ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -103- CH: 12- SOUND & WAVES Ans It is the frequency is Scs* then Wave Length: Itis the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs. It is denoted by () (amda) Amplitude; The maximum distance between crest and mean position is called amplitude. It id denoted by Xe, Displacement: ‘The particular distance in any instant of time is known as lacement. It is denoted by x. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VELOCITY. FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH: If the velocity of a wave is "v’ frequency is “f* and wave length is [ ] then, => Wsfi > i Se f sre The velocity is light is 3x0": cord ce sR cA el? The velocity of sound is 330 m/s at of ath ah 93> Define reflection of waves? What do you understand by interference of wave? What do you understand by constructive and destructive interference of waves? REFLECTION OF WAVES: ‘As we know that when ‘light strikes with a shining surface, it tums from the surface. Incidence wave make angle of incident and reflected ray makes angle of reflection, both angle are equal By the same way sound and other longitudinal and transverse waves reflect from a surface, this phenomenon is called a reflection of aves. INTERFERENCE: When two coherent waves traveling in a linear medium, arrive at a point simultaneously, they superimpose each other as @ result somewhere the effect becomes higher and some-where it becomes lower. This phenomenon is called interference of waves. There are two types of interference. 1. Constructive interference 2._ Destructive interference ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH; 12- SOUND & WAVES: -104- Class : X #10 Ans Qa E INTE! It by the interference of two waves, result @ wave of greater amplitude the interference is called constructive interference as shown in figure: constructive imerterence ‘DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE: If the interference of two waves resulta wave of zero amplitude then the interference is called ‘destructive interference as shown in figure Define the following: i) Traveling OR Progressive wave ) Stationary or standing waves TRAVELING WAVES OR PROGRESSIVE WAVES: A progressive wave is that in which disturbance moves frm one place-to another and the profile of the waves to travel along the medium. They have certain velocity and they can transfer energy. ‘Example: Wave Wave ina string of sitar and violin ete 2 string, tied with two ends ‘What do you understand by sound? How sound is produced? How sound propagates? ‘Show by experiment a medium is necessary for sound waves. SOUND: Solind is the sensation provided by the ear, it is produced by vibrating body. PROPAGATION SOUND WAVES: Sound waves propagate through a material medium like air, water, ete. When a body vibrates in air it produces longitudinal traveling waves by compression and rarefiection. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass : X -105- CH: 12- SOUND & WAVES qeiz Ans #13 ‘Ans MEI SSSARY Fi ON OF SOUND: Suspend an electrical bell in a jar by its wire through a cork fixed in its mouth as shown in figure ‘switch on the bell, we will hear the sound of the bell new start removing air from the jar with the help of exhaust pump. The loudness of the sound of the bell start decreasing ultimately although the hammer is stil seen striking the bel. This experiment shows that air is necessary for the propagation of sound impact, a material such as air, water, metal etc. wires to btery eT ek aot tn Define the following: i) Audible sound waves ii) Infrasonic sound waves Ultrasonic sound waves AUDIBLE SOUND WAVES: The frequency of sound waves between 20Hz to 20,000Hz are called audible sound because they can heard by human ear. INFRASONIC SOUND WAVES: The frequency of sound wave below 20Hz is known as Infrasonic sound earth quake waves. ULTRASONIC SOUND WAVES: ‘The frequency of sound waves greater than 20000Hz are called ultrasonic sound waves. How velocity of sound can be measured, describe in details? WELOCITY OF SOUND: It is a matter of common experience that the flash of lighting is seen earlier than hearing the thunder of cloud, Similarly when a gun is fired, its sound is heard a little after seeing its flash. The reason is ‘that light travels mush faster than sound. Due to. SP : this slow velocity, sound lags behind and so it is -/A@) . \& heard a little after seeing the flash. Using these é g observations we can find the velocity of sound by the following method, ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12~ SOUND & WAVES -106- Class :X Qn eis Select two stations at a distance of 8km to 10km such that there is no obstacle between them which can hinder the view (figure). Fire @ gun @ station A and ask your friend at station B to start 2 stop watch on seeing the flash. The stop watch should be stopped on hearing the sound of the gun. In this way the time taken by the sound to travel from station A to station B is measured. The distance $ between the two stations is known, so:the velocity V of the sound can be calculated by the formula ‘What do you understand by the characteristics of sound? Define the followin: i) Loudness ii) Pitch iii) Quality or Timber CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND: ‘The characteristic property of sound by which we can distinguish between noise and song, shrill and grave sound or sound of man and woman etc, is known characteristics of sound. ‘LOUDNESS: Loudness is the magnitude of auditony Sensation’ produced by sound. It is @ function of intensity which is defined as; “Intensity is defined as eneray transfer by sound waves per second unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation of sound’, PEECH: It is the characteristics of sound by means of which we-can distinguish a shrill and grave sound or sharp and dull sound is called pitch. Itis the frequency of sound wave produced by source of sound, QUALITY-TIMBER-TONE: Quality of 2 sound is the property by which one can distinguish between two sounds of same, loudness and pitch for example we can easily distinguish between sound of different person. What are the factors which influence on the followi (2) Loudness (2) Pitch (3) Quality ‘FACTOR INFLUENCING ON LOUDNESS: Amplitude of the vibration: ‘The greater is the amplitude the more will be the loudness. ‘Surface area of sounding body: ‘The greater is the surface area, more will be loudness. Gifferent human ear records different loudness of the same sound. Wiinalty of the mediunr: If greater will be the density of medium the loudness will be greater If source of souind moving towards the listener loudness will be greater or if wind siipports the velocity of sound ioudness will be greater. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass : X -107- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES FACTOR INFLUENCING ON PITCH: Fundamental frequency of vibrating body: The greater will be the fundamental frequency the sound will be shrill and sharpness will be geater. Relative motion of sound: T source and listener both coming closer pitch will increase, ENC IN QUAL * Quality of sound depends on the phase of sound wave. * Quality of sound depends on the shape of waves. Q#16 What are the harmful effects of sound? Define musical sound and noise? ‘Ans HARMEUL EFFECTS OF SOUND, MOSTLY NOICE: Now a days noise is considered as a great pollution. So it is very dangerous for us. Some of them are as follows 1. Continuous noise damage hearing and can result in complete deafness. 2, Noise can become a great cause for depression and blood pressure. 3. Mental system shows less efficiency due'to noise. 4. Consequently it is harmfut in all respect for living beings. MUSICAL SOUND: The sound producing pleasing effect on our ears are called musical sounds. coe Example: cor? Sound of birds, sound of violin and flute etc. Notice: The sound that produce unpleasing effect on our ears are is called noise. Ecample: Sound of huge furnace, sound of mill, factories, sound of railway train and vehicle, sound of jet Q#17 What is the unit of sound measuring? Write down the number of decibels for each of the following noise? What is the most appropriate range of hearing? ‘Ans UNIT OF SOUND: SI unit of sound is "SONE", One some is defined as equal to intensity level of 40d8 of a sound of frequency 1000Hz i. Ratting of decibel 1008, Common conversation 45 to 60dB General traffic 75 to 9008 iv. Tractors and rickshaw 90 to 100d8 Vv. Western music 100 to 12048 ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES -108- Class : X eis erst) Ans vi Jet plane 14008 MOST APPROPRIATE RANGE OF HEARING: Most appropriate sound of hearing is from 45 to 60d8. sharp and dull sound is called pitch. Itis the frequency of sound wave produced by source of sound. How can you demonstrate that pitch depends.on frequency? NCY: Take a dise which is capable of rotation on axle. Drill holes of equal size and equally spaced along the periphery of the disc shown in figure. Take along rubber tube connected to an air compressor at one end to a metallic jet on the other. Pass a rubber belt over the axle of the disc and also over @ wheel which can be rotated with a handle. Rotate the handle to see the disc in motion. Direct the jet of ‘compressed air into the holes. When a hole comes against the jet, the air passes through it and disturbance is produced, As the rotation of the disc increase, the number of times, the air passes thorough the holes also increase and hence the frequency of the sound increase. The pitch of the sound rises. If now we slow down, the sic the pitch will become low, the sound will become fiat and the frequency will decrease. é ‘What do you understand by echo? Prove that echo will be observed at least distance of 17m. What do you understand by the reflection of sound wave? ECHO: The reflection of @ sound wave by a surface or object is called “echo". It occurs at any instant but human ear can sharply detect an echo which becomes at least after 1/10s. PROOF ECHO WILL BE OBSERVED AT LEAST 17M: Let @ person produce a sound from a distance of “A” to a wall. He just listen its echo after 1/10s. In this duration his sound covers a distance of 2d (d for going and d for coming back) if the uniform velocity of sound is V then by the equation. s=vt 1 As = (3) 5 As we know the velocity of sound is 340ms” at 15°C = 2s s40me( 5) 0, ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass : X -109- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES #20 Ans #21 Ans REELECTION OF SOUND WAVE: If the wave of sound collides with a smooth surface it reflects, We see @ number of surface of reflection, the angle of incidence and angle of reflection will be same. While angle of incidence is angle between incidence wave and normal and angle reflection is angle between reflected ray and normal. What do you understand by interference of sound? Demonstrate sound by an experiment. INTERFERENCE OF SOUND: When two sound waves of coherent (same kind) source arrives at @ point simultaneously, they superimpose each other in such a way that somewhere their effect becomes greater and somewhere becomes shorter. This phenomenon is called interference of sound. Where the sound is stronger or louder the interference is called constructive interference. When the sound is lower the interference is called destructive interference, DEMONSTRATION OF INTERFERENCE OF SOUND: Two loudspeakers X and Y are connected to the same signal generator (tuner or amplifier. This signal generator is set a frequency of about 3000Hz. The distance between the soudspeakers is about 0.5m. When the generator is switché'dan the two loudspeakser produce sound Figure. If you stand about 2m away from the speaker and after blocking one ar, move your head sideway through at least (0.2meters you should hear variation in loudness. ‘A microphone may be used to detect the chance in the intensity (loudness) of the sound by moving it ‘along the line AB which is about 2m away for the loudspeakser. The microphone detect the rise and fall of the loudness of the sound produced ‘by the loudspeakers. This shows that interference of sound wave doss take place sek corte i «sc 8 set agl? wy What do you understand by resonance of sound? Demonstrate resonance of sound by an experiment? RESONANCE OF SQUND: ‘As we know in general resonance is forced vibration. It occurs when a natural frequency is supported by another frequency. Similarly, when the natural frequency of sound is supported by the frequency of reflected wave of its own, forced vibration occurs and loudness is observed as a result, this is called resonance of sound ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES -110- Class :X #22 wave. STRATE OF RE! F SOUND WAVI Activity to show resonance in sound waves. ‘A simple apparatus for demonstrating resonance is shown in figure. A long vertical tube is partially dipped in water container in a beaker. A vibrating tuning fork is held near the upper end of the tube The length of the air column is adjusted vertically by moving the tube out of the water. The sound waves generated by the tuning fork are reinforced when the length of the air column corresponds to one of the resonant frequencies of the tube. The arrangement can be used to determine the velocity of sound in air. Whenever a sound wave comes across a bartier, it is reflected back in the same medium. In the process, the reflected waves interact with the incident waves and produce stationary waves, When this happens, we get a louder sound. The loud sound indicates that the reflected waves are in resonance with the incident waves produced by the tuning fork. In stationary waves those points where the disturbance is maximum, are called antinodes. Two nodes or tow antinodes cannot exist consecutively but must be separated by an antinodes or a node. In the simplest mode of vibration’a single standing wave has one node and one antinodes. The stance between a node and antinodes is % of a wavelength. The frequency of the sound wave can be found by moving the vertical tube in or:out of the’water until a position of maximum loudness is ‘obtained, Measure distance of water to the top of the tube. The reflection of sound waves at the upper end takes place a little distance above the open end. But this is usually ignored unless high accuracy is required. The speed of sound can be experimentally calculated with thevormula Vent Where the wavelenath 2. is four times the distance at which the maximum loudness is obtained, What do you understand by beats? Show the phenomenon of beats by graph. When two waves of slightly different frequencies traveling in a medium in same direction superimpose, a periodic rise and fall in the intensity of sound is heard. It is called beats. Human ear can detect maximum 7 beats in a sec GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF BEATS: ‘Two waves of frequencies of a = 8Hz b= 10Hz ‘The produce two beats per second ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass :X -1141- CH: 12 - SOUND & WAVES eis Ans ‘What is ultrasonic waves? OR Define ultrasonic waves? Write some application of ultrasonic waves? ULTRASONIC WAVES: Uttrasonic waves are longitudinal waves with frequencies above the audible range. Such waves are usually produced by making a quartz crystal oscillate electrically. Frequency of ultrasonic wave is about 10°Hz. t APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES: Ultrasonic waves are used for'too' many purposes, some of them are given below: 1 In echo-depth sounding devices to determine the depth of the sea floor. 2. To find the location of object by echo. 3. Ultrasonic guidance devices for the blind, 4. Ultrasonic waves are widely used as diagnostic therapeutic and surgical tools NTER IQRA COPY CE! Rest, 5C-A North Kaa 0333-2441879 ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE