Class : X -141-__CH: 15 NATURE OF LIGHT & ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM v1 Ans Ans NATURE OF LIGHT & ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM What is Newton's corpuscular theory of fight? ‘What do you understand by waves theory of light? What is quantum theory of light? What do you understand by dual nature of light? NEWTON'S CORPUSCULAR THEORY OF LIGHT: The theory which was proposed by Newton is briefly mentioned as follows. Light is emitted form a luminous body on the form of tiny particles called CORPUSCLES. The corpuscles travel with the velocity of light. When corpuscles strike the retina they cause sensation of light. ‘Medium is necessary for propagation of light. Velocity of light is greater in denser-medium. ob eee WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT OR HUYGEN WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT: In 1676 Huygen proposed his own theory according to which light propagates in the space in the form ‘of waves. It can travel in medium as well as in space. By this theory, interference, diffraction, polarization, reflection, refraction of light and double refraction are verified, QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT OR MAX PLANK THEORY OF LIGHT: According to Max Plank’s Theory “Light is emitted from a source discontinuously in the form of bundles or packets called PHOTONS". Einstein in 1905 successfully explained this photoelectric effect using photon concept of light i.e. Quantum theory of light is fully supported by Einstein, DUAL NATURE OF LIGHT: As light is a form of eneray which propagates is form of wave as well as it behaves as packet of photons. The peculiar nature of light is called dual nature of light. What do you understand by dispersion of light? Describe an experiment to shows that light consists of seven colors? DISPERSION OF LIGHT: “When a beam of sunlight falls on a prism, the light is split up into seven colors. This phenomenon is called dispersion of light’ Take @ prism and put it on the table. Now allow 2 narrow beam of sunlight to fall on the prism, Then it is observed that the light is dispersed into seven colors. It forms seven fringes of colors on the screen ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE(CH: 15 ~WATURE OF LIGHT & ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ~142- Class : X Ans in wal. These colors are as follows from top to bottom: 1. Violet Indigo Blue ‘ Green Yellow Orange Red This experiment shows that sunlight consists of seven colors. And if again second prism is placed in front of first prism, these seven colors recombine and form again white light. What is a rainbow? How does the rainbow form? ‘RAINBOW: ‘The rainbow is an arc of spectral colors formed across the sky during or after rainfall in the morning or evening. HOW RAINBOW FORMS: ‘As we know 2 prism disperse the sunlight into a series of seven colors. When rain falls, rain drops behave like @ prism and white light entering the rain drops are:split up into colors on refraction. These are appeared as a Rainbow. How emission of light occurs by an atom? What is a spectrum? EMISSION OF LIGHT BY ATOMS: ‘According to Bohr’s atomic theory we know an atom has different energy levels or shells. If an atom gains energy it jumps to high energy level and is called in its excited state and if it s more excited it de-exited by jumping to lower energy level and in this process the electrons losses energy in form of light and the frequency of photon is proportional to the energy differ 3 It varies atom to atom as we see in case of sodium bulb, mercury bulb et. rence, ‘SPECTRUM: ‘As we know when the dispersion of sunlight or white light is produced with the help of prism, a band of different colors is observed, consisting of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. ‘A.band of colors formed in this way is called spectrum. This result obtained when electromagnetic radiation are resolved into their constitution wave length or frequencies. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREClass : X -143-__CH: 15 NATURE OF LIGHT & ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Qs Ans Qs Ans What do you understand by electromagnetic spectrum or define electro magnetic spectrum? Which waves treated as spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and what are frequencies of them? ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: The range of frequencies over which electromagnetic spectrum are propagated, the range of lowest frequencies are called radio waves. WAVES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM; (2) Radio Waves (2) Micro waves (3) infrared waves (4) Visible waves (5) Ultraviolet waves (6) Gamma rays RADIO WAVES: Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with a large range of wavelengths from a few millimeters to several meters. (MICRO WAVES; Micro waves are radio waves with shorter wavelengths between Imm and 300mm. Micro waves are Used in radars and micro waves ovens. INERARED WAVES: Infarared waves are also called heat waves. These waves are radiation by hot body at different temperatures. The eart’s atmosphere is at a mean temperature of 250K and radiated infrared waves with a wavelength having a mean value of 10 micrometers. MISIBLE WAVES: Visible waves have a wavelength range between 400 and 700 nanometer. The peak of solar radiation is at 2 wavelength of about S50 nanometer. The human eye is most sensitive to this wavelength ULTRAVIOLET WAVES: The wavelength of ultraviolet waves range from 380nm.down to 60nm. These are emitted by hotter bodies having a mean temperature greater than 25000°C. GAMMA RAYS: The wavelength of gamma rays is less than 1 What do you understand by green house? ‘What are the effects of green house? What is a photon? ‘GREEN HOUSE: A glass house in which delicate and tender plants are reared and preserved and a house where green ware is left to dry before being placed in the kiln. Here the term “green house" is used for earth and its atmosphere along with ozone layer. ‘GREEN HOUSE EFFECT: The effects produced inside a green ultraviolet radiation is admitted to the green house thorugh the glass roof and is observed by the contents. The infrared radiation emitted by the content cannot escape through the glass and the temperature of the interior rises. ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE(GH: 15 -AATURE OF LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM __-144~ Class : X AA similar effect the applies to the whole earth, short wave solar radiations passes through the atmosphere, but in atmosphere, carbon dioxide and water vapors absorb the long wave radiations emitted by the earth. This solar energy is trapped by the earth's atmosphere. Heat is trapped in this manner and this effect is known as green house effect. The heavy industries are polluting the atmosphere, damaging the ozone layer and accelerating the green house effect. PHOTON: Photon are the packets of energy and photons behave as particle but actually are not particles. IQRA COPY CENTE R-310/4, 5-3 North Karachi 03332441879 10333-2441879 TQRA Copy co. ROIW, 08 Noni ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE