Compressor Variable Inlet Guide Vane System

GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Inlet Guide Vane System
Training Lesson
ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd
ABCD
ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein.
Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly
forbidden.
Copyright by ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd 2007
This is a training lesson. It provides overall information about the specific system
only.
To understand the operation concept in detail the project specific documents as
defined in the document reference section have to be included together with this
lesson.
All mentioned / attached values and settings are for information only. Typical
values are used to clarify particular subjects. Settings furthermore are subject to
change site specifically during commissioning.
For actual values please refer to the final plant specific
Operation & Maintenance Documentation.
Power Plant Training Center

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ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Table of Contents
Document Reference ........................................................................................................................... 4
Typical Documents ........................................................................................................................... 4
O&M Documentation ....................................................................................................................... 4
Lesson Objectives................................................................................................................................ 5
Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 6
System View on Operation Station..................................................................................................... 6
System Function ............................................................................................................................... 7
Function Description............................................................................................................................ 8
Operation and Supervision ................................................................................................................ 10
General......................................................................................................................................... 10
Start-up of the Gas Turboset ........................................................................................................... 10
Normal Operation (Load Operation)............................................................................................... 11
Shutdown ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Rotor Barring ................................................................................................................................. 12
Compressor Off-line Washing ........................................................................................................ 13
Standstill of Gas Turboset ............................................................................................................... 13
Monitoring Equipment ....................................................................................................................... 13
Protection and Fault Causes............................................................................................................... 14
General......................................................................................................................................... 14
Malfunction and possible Causes .................................................................................................... 14
Exercises ........................................................................................................................................... 15
General......................................................................................................................................... 15
Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Component Name, KKS Designation & Function.............................................................................. 16
Operation ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Test Questions for Verification of Learning Progress ......................................................................... 18
Questions: ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Lesson Test Questions Solution Key ................................................................................................. 20
Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Adjustment of the Compressor VIGV System ....................................................................................... 21
Simplified Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 21
Designation of Parts ....................................................................................................................... 22
Table of Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:
Operating Station Image including Variable Inlet Guide Vane System (Typical)........................ 6
Adjusting Drive and VIGV Instrumentation (Typical)................................................................ 7
Variable Inlet Guide Vane (Typical) ....................................................................................... 8
Definition of the Angle Position (Typical)................................................................................ 9
VIGV Schedule during Startup (Typical) ............................................................................... 10
VIGV Schedule during Load Operation (Typical) .................................................................. 11
VIGV Schedule during Shut Down (Typical).......................................................................... 12
Angle Transmitter (Typical) ................................................................................................. 13

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Document Reference
Typical Documents
Typical documents are used to clarify aspects described in this lesson. These typical
documents may not show project specific contents, deviations are possible. All
typical documents are clearly identified.
O&M Documentation
O&M Documents are plant specific and form an important part of each training
course. A selection of the most relevant O&M Documents has been made and
included in the training course material. These documents provide a basis for
exercises and personal notes, markings, etc. The most relevant documents for the
operation training are:
P&IDs with legend
GT operating concept
System description
Maintenance manual
The O&M Documents are separated into:
System specific documents
Overall plant specific documents

The system specific documents are in principle not attached to each specific lesson,
whereas the overall plant specific documents can be found in separate sections at
the end of the training manual.

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, the trainee is able to:
State the functions performed by the compressor variable inlet guide vane
(VIGV) system.
Describe the components of the VIGV system.
List the parameters which are monitored.
Describe the protection actions initiated by measurements MBA82 CG001/002.
State the angle position of the VIGVs during:

Standstill of the gas turbine, TAT < 60 C,
Startup,
Operation,
Shutdown,
Rotor barring.
Give the probable causes for the alarm:

Incorrect angle of the VIGVs.

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ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Overview
System View on Operation Station
CSXA402945.cdr
Figure 1: Operating Station Image including Variable Inlet Guide Vane System (Typical)

CSXA220259enA
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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
System Function
Purpose
Components
The purpose of the compressors Variable Inlet Guide Vane (VIGV) system is to:
Expedite the gas turboset startup, thus ensuring rapid availability of electric
power.
Reduce NOX emissions by optimizing the fuel-to-air ratio at partial power loads.
Adjust the air flow to the compressor according to the requirements of the
thermodynamic cycle.
Enable load control between approximately 60 % load and base load.
The major components of the compressor VIGV system are:
Inlet guide vane row (52 vanes) with adjusting ring.
Linear amplifier (hydraulic cylinder) .
Pilot proportional valve for linear amplifier.
Safety and monitoring equipment.
CSXA402946.cdr
Figure 2: Adjusting Drive and VIGV Instrumentation (Typical)

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Function Description
The angular position of the VIGV row adjusts the air flow through-the axial
compressor, modulating it between start-up and base load conditions.
The row, sometimes called the zero compressor stage, is connected to an
adjustment ring via a tie rod. The adjustment ring, which runs around the
circumference of the compressor housing at the air inlet section, is mounted so that
it can turn. It is driven by a linear amplifier, which is connected to the power oil
system.
A pilot proportional valve regulates the position of the linear amplifier, which is
indirectly monitored by the position (angle) measurement. The proportional valve
allows the VIGV row to assume any position between open and closed.
The angular position of the VIGV row, and the position of the piston inside the
proportional valve are monitored by electric current position converters.
The position of the proportional valve is automatically set in a closed loop by an
electrical signal via an amplifier card from EGATROL.
Tie rod
Adjustment
ring
Angle transmitter
CSXA402961.cdr
Figure 3: Variable Inlet Guide Vane (Typical)

(Continued next page)

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Air flow
Angle
Position 0
Variable inlet guide vanes 0

(fully open position during
base load operation)
Air flow
Air flow
Variable inlet guide vanes -65

(fully closed position)
-30
Variable inlet guide vanes -30

(during start-up and low load
operation)
CSXA220259enA
-65
ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Function Description (continued)
CSXA402948.cdr
Figure 4: Definition of the Angle Position (Typical)
Page 9
GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Operation and Supervision

General
The system must be operated in accordance to the Operation Manual and the
Operation Concept which should be read carefully.
Start-up of the Gas Turboset
Before starting acceleration of the rotor the VIGV start opening by a programmed
characteristic from closed position (angle -65) to open position (angle -0). This is
completed when rotational speed has reached approx. 70 rpm. The VIGVs remain
in this position during the purge cycle of the gas turbine and - if available the heat
recovery steam generator.
After purging, when reaching the sequencer step ignition the VIGV position is
changed to start up position (-30) and remains unchanged during further
acceleration, synchronization and as long as the gas turboset is in lower load
range.
GT13E2 VIGV during start up

100
100
Nominal speed : 3000 rpm / 90%
80
60
60
VIGV position: start -30 / 55.5%
40
40
Purge Speed 835 rpm / 27.6 %
Ignition speed:
Fuel oil 32 % of nominal speed / 950 rpm
Fuel gas 20% of nominal speed / 600 rpm
Speed rpm [ 0 to 3333 / 0 to 100 % ]
VIGV % [ -80 to +10 / 0 to 100 % ]
VIGV position: open / 0 / 88.8 %

80
20
20
VIGV position: closed / -65 / 16.6%
0
Time
CSXA402962.cdr
Figure 5: VIGV Schedule during Startup (Typical)

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Normal Operation (Load Operation)
Load control in the part-load range between minimum load to about 65 % of

relative load is done by increasing the turbine temperature, the VIGV are
maintained in idle position. Between about 65 % of relative load to base load the
air massflow through the gas turboset is increased by opening the VIGV to fully
open position.
max. TAT
max. TIT
0
1200
1100
-5
1000
900
- 10
800
700
- 15
600
TAT
VIGV angle [Deg]
TIT [C], exhaust massflow [kg/s]
TIT
500
- 20
400
300
Exhaust mass flow
- 25
200
100
VIGV angle
- 30
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Base load
Idle
Power [% base load]
CSXA402968.cdr
Figure 6: VIGV Schedule during Load Operation (Typical)

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Shutdown
During normal unloading, the operating sequence of the variable guide vanes is in
the reverse order to that during the loading cycle. At about 65 % of relative load the
VGVs are in the start position again. They remain in this position during further
deloading, idle cooling time and shut-down until 35 rpm. Below that rotor speed
the VIGVs change to fully closed position.
GT13E2 VIGV shut down

100
10
90
-10
70
-20
60
Rotor speed 35 rpm
50
-30
VIGV position: -30

-40
40
-50
30
VIGV % [ -80 to +10 / 0 to 100 % ]
Speed rpm [ 0 to 3333 rpm / 0 to 100 % ]
80
VIGV position: -65

-60
20
Rotor speed 33 rpm
-70
10
-80
0
Time
CSXA402963.cdr
Figure 7: VIGV Schedule during Shut Down (Typical)
Rotor Barring
During rotor barring operation the VIGV remains in fully closed position.

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Compressor Off-line Washing
During the spraying cycle the VIGV are fully open, during drying the VIGV close to
idle position.
Standstill of Gas Turboset
The variable guide vane row is in the fully closed position when the gas turboset is
at a standstill.
Monitoring Equipment
Angle
Measurement
The angle of the variable inlet guide vanes is measured by two angle transmitters
and displayed on the Operator Station. The two angle transmitters are mounted
directly to the shaft ends of two variable guide vanes.
An alarm is activated whenever the angle of the VIGV deviates from the required
position.
Protective load shedding of the gas turboset is initiated if the angle continues to
decrease below the preset limit or the difference between the required angle and
feedback (actual angle) exceeds the preset limit.
Figure 8: Angle Transmitter (Typical)


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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Monitoring Equipment (continued)

Position
Measurement
The spool position of the pilot proportional valves is monitored. This actual position
is transmitted to the amplifier card where the value is compared with the set value
given from EGATROL.
Protection and Fault Causes

General
The protection functions of the control system provide the greatest possible safe
operation at the highest possible efficiency and availability. They operate on three
threshold levels:
Alarm annunciation
Protective load shedding
Trip of gas turboset

All protection interventions must be promptly investigated, the source found and
rectified so that unit can be returned to normal operation as fast as possible.
Annunciation in the case of protection interventions appear on the OS, including
name, KKS code, values and other relevant information to indicate the source of
malfunction.
Malfunction and possible Causes
Incorrect angle of the VIGV

Possible
Linear amplifier or electronic controller defective.
Causes:
Angle transmitter is defective.
Required
Investigate until the source of the problem is found, take all
Action:
actions necessary to bring the gas turboset to normal operation.

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Exercises
General
To be able to understand the exercises the relevant chapter of the following project
specific documents must be studied carefully:
P&ID including legend
Operation concept of the gas turbine
Overview
System &
Components
This section contains the following exercises:
Component name, KKS designation & function
Operation concept of the gas turbine

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Component Name, KKS Designation & Function
Exercise Task
Fill-in the table below with the following information according to the example
given in the first line:
Major components name
KKS number
Short functional description
Exercise Aids
Plant specific P&ID and legend
Group
Time Frame
Each trainee for himself
5 minutes
Component Name
KKS - Number
Component Function
Power oil system
MBX 40
Provides pressurized oil

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Operation
Exercise Task
Describe the VIGV schedule during Startup, Load Operation and Shut down.
Exercise Aids
Plant specific P&ID and legend
Plant Operation Concept
Group work with max. 4 trainees per group
10 minutes
Group presentation in front of class
Group
Time Frame
Presentation
Description
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Test Questions for Verification of Learning Progress
General
The following points are important and shall be taken into account:
The training manual may be used (open book), but first try without looking up in
the manual.
Mark the box in front of each correct statement with a diagonal cross.
One or more or all statements may be correct.

Use this section to verify your learning progress! Review subjects, which are not
clearly understood.
Questions:
Question 01:
Purpose of the variable inlet guide vanes is:

A
Reduction of rotor vibrations by optimizing the air flow into the axial
compressor
Load control in the higher load range of the gas turboset
Reduction of contamination of the axial compressor
Expedition of the start up of the gas turboset
Diverting of a portion of air from the axial compressor which is required

for cooling purposes
Optimization of the fuel-to-air ratio in order to reduce NOX emissions


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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Questions (continued):
Question 02:
Question 03:
Question 04:
The opening position of the VIGVs are:

A
Proportional to the load between minimum to base load
Proportional to the rotational speed of the gas turboset
Fully open when cleaning agent or water is injected into the compressor
when compressor washing
Is controlled by EGATROL dependent on load output, turbine inlet

temperature and temperature after turbine
Not influenced by ambient conditions
The VIGVs are in closed position:

A
During all the time when compressor washing
As long as TITmax has not attained
As soon as a gas turbine trip is initiated (to prevent a thermal shock of

the hot path parts
During rotor barring operation
When purging the exhaust diffuser and heat recovery steam generator
As long as the blow off valves are open
The actuation range of the VIGVs is defined by:

A
0 to +65
0 to -30
-65 to 0
0 % to - 65 %

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ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Lesson Test Questions Solution Key
The correct answers for each question are as follows:

01: B, C, F
02: C, D, E
03: D
04: C
Summary
Objectives
Review
Carefully review the objectives stated on page 5 of this lesson together with the Test
Questions for Verification of Learning Progress.
Note that this lesson is not complete without the system specific and overall plant
Operation & Maintenance Documentation.
Summary
The purpose of the Variable Inlet Guide Vanes I(VIGVs) is mainly to control the load
output of the gas turboset. Below of about 60 % of base load the VIGVs are set at
-30. When increasing the load the VIGVs are opened thus increasing the massflow
of air through the gas turbine. At base load the VIGVs are in fully open position.
The VIGVs further reduce the NOX emissions by optimizing the fuel-to-air ratio at
partial load.
The training lesson describes the main components, how the system functions and
its different operation modes.

CSXA220259enA
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GT13E2
Operation
ABCD
Compressor Variable
Adjustment of the Compressor VIGV System

Simplified Diagram
START-UP
CLOSED
LOAD OPERATION
MBA80
GIC(Z)AMBA82 CG002
GC
MBX52 CG001
GIC(Z)AMBA82 CG001
MBX71
MBX40
B
MBX52
AA002
MBA82
AS001
CSXA402965.cdr

CSXA220259enA
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ABCD
GT13E2
Operation
Compressor Variable
Designation of Parts
KKS-No.
Designation
MBA80
MBA82
MBA82 AS001
MBA82 CG001
MBA82 CG002
MBX40
MBX52
MBX52 AA002
MBX52 CG001
MBX71
Compressor
Adjustment mechanism for variable inlet guide vane
Linear amplifier
Measurement of guide vane position
Measurement of guide vane position
Power oil system
Power oil system for variable guide vane adjustment
Control valve for variable guide vane adjustment
Control valve position
Power oil return

CSXA220259enA
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Compressor Variable Inlet Guide Vane System

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GT13E2

ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd

Power Plant Training Center

Power Plant Training Center

P&IDs with legend

The O&M Documents are separated into:

System specific documents

Overall plant specific documents

Power Plant Training Center

Describe the components of the VIGV system.

List the parameters which are monitored.

Describe the protection actions initiated by measurements MBA82 CG001/002.

State the angle position of the VIGVs during:

Give the probable causes for the alarm:

Power Plant Training Center

Power Plant Training Center

Enable load control between approximately 60 % load and base load.

The major components of the compressor VIGV system are:

Inlet guide vane row (52 vanes) with adjusting ring.

Linear amplifier (hydraulic cylinder) .

Pilot proportional valve for linear amplifier.

Safety and monitoring equipment.

Figure 2: Adjusting Drive and VIGV Instrumentation (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Figure 3: Variable Inlet Guide Vane (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Variable inlet guide vanes 0

Variable inlet guide vanes -65

Variable inlet guide vanes -30

Function Description (continued)

Figure 4: Definition of the Angle Position (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Operation and Supervision

Start-up of the Gas Turboset

GT13E2 VIGV during start up

VIGV position: start -30 / 55.5%

Speed rpm [ 0 to 3333 / 0 to 100 % ]

VIGV % [ -80 to +10 / 0 to 100 % ]

VIGV position: open / 0 / 88.8 %

Figure 5: VIGV Schedule during Startup (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Normal Operation (Load Operation)

Load control in the part-load range between minimum load to about 65 % of

VIGV angle [Deg]

TIT [C], exhaust massflow [kg/s]

Exhaust mass flow

Figure 6: VIGV Schedule during Load Operation (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

GT13E2 VIGV shut down

VIGV position: -30

VIGV % [ -80 to +10 / 0 to 100 % ]

Speed rpm [ 0 to 3333 rpm / 0 to 100 % ]

VIGV position: -65

Figure 7: VIGV Schedule during Shut Down (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Compressor Off-line Washing

Standstill of Gas Turboset

Figure 8: Angle Transmitter (Typical)

Power Plant Training Center

Monitoring Equipment (continued)

Protection and Fault Causes

Protective load shedding

Trip of gas turboset

Malfunction and possible Causes