Computer Science

ATAR 12

Course Outline 2016

Technology
Computing

Computer Science ATAR 12

Assessment Outline 2016
Unit 3
Design and development of computer-based systems and database solutions
Unit 4
Design and development of communication systems and software solutions

Duration: Year

Task Description

Issued

Weighting

Duration

Project

EDS Debating Society - Database Normalisation

Database Development

T1
Week 3
2 weeks

Task 2

Theory Test

Managing Data including Social & Legal Issues

T1
Week 5

Task 3

Practical test

Canning Veterinary Clinic Normalisation &

Database Development

T1
Week 6

Task 4

Project

Systems Analysis & Design Royal Hospital case

study DFD development and system implementation

T1
Week 8
2 weeks

Theory Test

Systems analysis & SDLS & implementation

T2
Week 2

Task 6

Exam

Semester One Exam

T2
Weeks
5/6

20

Task 7

Project

Software Programmer Caf au Latte Payroll

system

T2
Week 7
6 weeks

10

Task 8

Practical Test

Programming, algorithms and pseudocode

T2
Week 9

Task 9

Theory Test

Developing software and programming

T3
Week 2

Theory Test

Network Architecture & Communications

T3
Week 5

Task 11

Project

Systems Development - Perth Bus tours

T3
Week 6
3 weeks

10

Task 12

Exam

Semester Two Exam

T3
Holidays

20

Task 1

Task 5

Task 10

Computer Science ATAR 12

Task 1 EDS Debating Society - Database Normalisation
Unit 3 - Managing Data
Project: Normalisation & Database build
50 marks 5%

Task Outline
Eastern Districts School Debating Society is having difficulty managing the information in its current
database. They have asked you to redesign the database to provide increased efficiency in data
storage and to allow easier data extraction.
Time required for task
Two weeks
What you are required to do
The current database consists of the following tables:
Student
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

School
Code
A
B
C
D
E

Surname

Firstname

Abel
Barnes
Barnett
Bazley
Boyle
Chin
Clear
Jones
Connolly
Lock
Morrison
Brown
Hill
Richards
Richards
Russell
Boyle
Turner
Young
Raymond
Smith
Smith
Mars
Roper

Robert
Jill
Luke
John
John
Sam
Cathy
Richard
Claire
Caitlin
Trish
Lyn
Sam
Harley
Wayne
John
Robert
John
Simon
George
Bill
Ed
Daniel
Anthony

Student Table
Date Of
Team
Birth
7/06/1991 Silver Tongues
18/05/1991 Silver Tongues
2/06/1992 Silver Tongues
18/05/1990 Barding Blokes
12/07/1990 Barding Blokes
14/11/1990 Barding Blokes
2/05/1992 Smooth Talkers
20/04/1992 Smooth Talkers
21/02/1992 Smooth Talkers
1/07/1990 Chitchat Chicks
15/09/1990 Chitchat Chicks
19/11/1990 Chitchat Chicks
4/10/1991 Mighty Mutterers
23/08/1991 Mighty Mutterers
6/06/1991 Mighty Mutterers
14/01/1990 Slick Speakers
21/08/1990 Slick Speakers
16/05/1990 Slick Speakers
22/10/1990 Rapid Orators
3/12/1990 Rapid Orators
26/06/1990 Rapid Orators
24/01/1990 Chatterboxes
30/05/1990 Chatterboxes
23/02/1990 Chatterboxes

School

Address

Eastbury SHS
Bentley College
Lexus College
Vandam College
Westridge SHS

Pinetree Road
10 Rosebud Lane
Marwood Road
Plinth Way
Redwood Way

School Table
Suburb
Pcode
Eastbury
Balmore
Viscount
Gibbsville
Westridge

6213
6435
6785
6112
6321

Division
Junior
Junior
Junior
Senior
Senior
Senior
Junior
Junior
Junior
Senior
Senior
Senior
Junior
Junior
Junior
Senior
Senior
Senior
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open

Start
Time
9 AM
9 AM
9 AM
11 AM
11 AM
11 AM
9 AM
9 AM
9 AM
11 AM
11 AM
11 AM
9 AM
9 AM
9 AM
11 AM
11 AM
11 AM
1 PM
1 PM
1 PM
1 PM
1 PM
1 PM

Phone

Fax

9342 1890
9567 9087
9321 4532
9689 2365
9453 1090

9456 1221
9467 1009
9321 9843
9689 5522
9454 1890

School
Code
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
B
B
B
E
E
E
A
A
A
B
B
B

Contact
Person
Mr Gan
Mrs Maxwell
Mr Mercer
Mr Boomer
Miss Longley

1.

You need to explain to the Secretary what data normalisation is. Write an explanation of the
characteristics of data that is in:
Un-normalised form
First normal form (1NF)
Second normal form (2NF)
Third normal form (3NF)
(5 marks)

2.

For each table of data:

a. Explain what normal form the table is currently in. Using examples from the actual data
identify any problems that may arise from the structure of the table.
b. Show what needs to be done to the structure of the tables to solve the problems you have
identified. You should show how you have used normalisation to manipulate the data.
(10 marks)

3.

Draw an E-R diagram of the relational structure of the tables normalised to 3NF. Add any extra
fields you feel would be useful and justify any additions. Identify the keys using the standard
notation.
(10 marks)

4.

Build the database in a suitable database application, including

a comprehensive database definitions / dictionary including adding the data to the
relevant tables
(10 marks)
Comprehensive user interface.
(10 marks)
Comprehensive queries and reports.
(5 marks)

Computer Science ATAR 12

Task 4 IT Consultant Systems Analysis
Unit 3 Systems Analysis and development
Project Applying Context Diagrams & Data Flow Diagrams
79 marks 5%

Time required for task

Two weeks
Task Outline
Royal Hospital treats patients from a large region. The hospital has three blocks: Patterson Block,
Bunyip Block and Curtin Block. Patterson Block is for general patients, Bunyip Block is for children
and Curtin Block is for intensive care and elderly patients. Patterson Block has three floors (ground
floor, first floor and second floor), with 30 rooms on each floor. Bunyip Block has two floors with
20 rooms on each floor. Curtin Block also has two floors, with 25 rooms on each floor. Rooms within
each block can have one, two or four beds. On each floor of Patterson and Curtin Blocks, the first 10
rooms are single-bed rooms, the next 10 rooms are two-bed rooms, and all others are four-bed rooms.
In Bunyip Block, the first five rooms on each floor are single-bed rooms, and all others have four beds.

Royal Hospital
Curtin
Block

Bunyip
Block

Patterson
Block

The Administration centre is at the centre of the hospital and covers two floors (ground floor and first
floor). The main reception, pharmacy and customer advice offices are on the ground floor. All other
administrative workers are on the first floor.
The hospital currently has many database systems, including a Patient database system, a Billing
database system and a Financial database system. The Patient database system contains all the
basic information about the patient. The Billing database system is constantly updated by various
people as the patient is given treatment or moved around the hospital; for example, nurses and
administration staff can update the database with information about the rooms the patient has been in,
the operations they have had, and medication they have received from the pharmacy and whether or

not they have been in intensive care. The Financial database system contains all the costs associated
with the treatment of patients. The Financial database system is also used for budgeting.
When a patient arrives at the hospital, their basic details are recorded by personnel in the
Administration centre into the Patient database system, e.g. name, address and date of birth. The
patients arrival date is also entered into the Billing database system. Patients at the hospital can be
treated for any number of days, and can stay in more than one room over the duration of their
treatment; for example, a patient may be placed in intensive care for a number of days after an
operation, and then be moved to another room within the hospital. When the patient receives
treatment or is relocated from one room to another, these details are entered into the Billing database
system at one of the nurses workstations, which are located on each floor of each block.
Patients are billed for their treatment in hospital when they leave. The bill can comprise many
elements, e.g. room charges, theatre fees (if they have had an operation), pharmacy charges (for any
medication they have received), and additional charges for operations requiring special equipment.
There is an extra charge per day for patients who have received treatment in intensive care.
All software applications are centrally located on the applications server which is stored in an
unprotected section of the Administration centre. All nurses workstations are connected to the server
via a bus network and coaxial cables. The computers at each workstation are now eight years old and
running an old version of an operating system. This hospital also has two computers in each block for
patients to browse the internet.
A consulting company developed the Patient database system for the hospital ten years ago. The
Billing and Financial database systems were updated to an off the shelf system bought five years
ago. Royal Hospital would like to replace its three database systems (Patient, Billing and Financial)
with one integrated system. It is planned that the integrated system will perform the same tasks as the
current systems and incorporate new features; for example, it would like to be able to give all the
doctors their own Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), which displays details about patients and their
treatments.
1. Based on the scenario:
(a) Create a Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for the Royal Hospital.

(22 marks)

(b) Create a Level 1 Data Flow Diagram to represent the processes associated with the process,
enter the room and procedure details for a patient.
(17 marks)
2. The Royal Hospital is considering replacing the three existing database systems with one
integrated system.
(a) Describe the two types of system development methodologies available to assist the system
analyst to review and replace the existing database management systems with one system.
(8 marks)
(b) Describe the advantages of each system development methodology.

(12 marks)

(c) Recommend and justify the changeover method that you would use to implement the new
database management system.
(5 marks)
(d) List and describe five data gathering techniques that the analyst could use to find out more
information about the current system.
(15 marks)

Computer Science ATAR 12

Task 7 Software Programmer Caf Au latte Payroll System
Project: Applying Software Development Cycle,
algorithmic & programming techniques to create a prototype digital solution
Unit: 4 Developing Software Solutions
88 marks 10%

Time required for task

Two weeks
Task Outline
You have been commissioned by Caf Au Latte to further develop the cash register computerised
system you developed for them in 2012 to include a program with a graphical user interface (GUI) that
would allow a payroll clerk to calculate an employees pay i.e. enter data, perform calculations and
output information. The program needs to also provide a timecard facility to allow employees to
clock-in and clock-out at the beginning and end of their shift to automate the storage and calculation
of the hours and dates each employee worked.
It is recommended that you gather specific details on what data is needed by a payroll clerk before
using any computer program to calculate pay. Compare a number of current industry standard payroll
applications and the associated computer systems needed to run them.
Once you have gathered this information, develop a plan that: outlines the pros and cons of
integrating the payroll system into the existing Caf au Latte system and the modifications needed to
the existing system, and your recommendations as to the feasibility of integrating the new system into
the existing one. Include an outline of your recommendation for the best way to provide the new
system and a timeline for developing the new payroll system.
With the aid of your generalised model of a payroll system, document and use the Systems
Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to develop a computer program with a graphical user interface (GUI)
that will:

Allow a payroll clerk to: add new employees, remove and edit existing employees enter data,
calculate wages and output information.
Allow each employee a secure means of clocking-in and clocking-out at the end of each shift.
Data can be retrieved or stored in external files or databases.
Refer to Task 8 Appendix for details of how wages are currently calculated including, pay cycle, pay
rates, holiday and overtime rates, time cards (clocking in clocking out), tax rates and deductions.
Time required for task
Six weeks
What you are required to do
1. Investigation, System Analysis and Project plan
Present a written report outlining
The common features and system requirements (data and hardware) of an industry standard
payroll package including the physical and logical models of a payroll system. (4 marks)
The processes/procedures and what data is involved in paying someone. (4marks)
The modifications needed to the existing Caf Au Latte system and the programming model
/ approach that you consider would be best suited for the successful integration of the
payroll system into the existing Caf Au Latte system. (4 marks)
Create a Gantt Chart to set out the project timeline. (6 marks)
(18 marks)

2. Program plan and development

Plan and develop the application using algorithms and an appropriate programming
language. Make the application easy to use and attractive by considering the following:
scope the task by creating Context (3 marks) and DFD diagrams (4 marks).
(7 marks)
sketch the proposed design of the interface with annotated comments about design

decisions taken (show a range of alternative designs that could be used).

(14 marks)
represent algorithms using flow charts (16 marks) and pseudocode (4 marks) to show

how the problem will be solved and to show your different approaches to the problem.
(20 marks)
identify different control structures and data types used in the algorithm.

(4 marks)

create source code for the application, ensuring that indenting, commenting and appropriate

variable naming are used.

(10 marks)
2.

Project management
Explain the key factors that would need to be considered when managing a larger
development project. Clearly show the factors you have used in the planning and
organisation and development of your project.
(15 marks)

3.

Product evaluation
On completion of your application, you will have the opportunity to view algorithms, code and
applications made by other members of the class. Make five comments on the
effectiveness of your solution in comparison to others and suggest three possible
improvements/changes.
(10 marks)

What needs to be submitted for assessment

Project Plan report including a Ghantt Chart for project timeline.
Context DFD and GUI diagrams
Flow chart and pseudocode
Project Management explanation
Source code
Working copy of program
Evaluations

Due date

Task 7 Caf au Latte - Appendix

Pay Cycle
Employees are paid every Thursday based on the hours that they worked during the previous
Monday to Sunday.
Currently the wages operation is calculated manually.
All employees generally work a set number of hours plus they also have the opportunity to
work overtime on the weekends and on public holidays.
Pay Rates
The base rate for employees is determined by their role.

Barista - $23.00 per hour

Manager - $30.00 per hour

Normal and special pay rates

Normal work hours

Monday to
Friday overtime
<= 3 hours

Monday to
Friday
overtime >3
hours

Saturday
normal
hours

Sunday
and
holiday
normal
hours

Weekend and
holidays overtime
hours

6.30am to 3.30pm (9
hours)

+ 25%

+ 45%

+ $3 per
hour

+ $4 per
hour

+ 50%

Sample of staff hours worked last week

Harry
Grapes
Marg
Plum
Monica
Nguyen

Role

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Barista

10

Manager

11

Barista

12

Tax Rate
For this exercise we will use a 2 Tier tax rate and two pre-tax deductions which each employee can
set when they are first employed and can only change at the beginning of each financial year. Note
that this is not the present system used in Australia.
Standard 30%
Higher 40%
Deductions
Superanuation
4%, 6% or 8% of wage
Health Insurance
Ancillary $15 per week
Standard $25 per week
Superior $45 per week

Computer Science ATAR 12

Task 11 Systems Development - Perth Bus tours
Project: System Development
Unit: 3 & 4
115 marks 10%

Task Outline
You have been employed by Perth Bus Tours to review its current company procedures and make
recommendations for improvement. The project will require a multitude of skills and your expertise as
a Systems Analyst will be necessary to oversee this project.
Time required for task
Three weeks
Client Information
The manager has provided the following description of the system:
A customer rings the bookings clerk and asks for prices for various tickets. The bookings clerk quotes
the price and the customer either accepts or rejects the quoted price. If accepted, the customer buys
the appropriate Explorer Pass, using their credit card. The credit card details and transaction amount
are sent to the bank via EFTPOS and a transaction number is generated by the bank. The bookings
clerk enters the details of the tour booking into the customer database. A receipt is sent to the customer
for their records, along with a numbered Explorer Pass Card that records the number of tours the card
is valid for. A copy of the receipt, which will be used to reconcile bank details at the end of the week, is
placed on a spike.
When the customer arrives in Perth and they ring to book their first tour to a particular tourist attraction,
they are asked for their name and Explorer Pass Card number. The bookings clerk checks the
customer database to make sure that the customer is a valid customer. If the Explorer Pass Card
number is valid, the relevant customer details are copied from the Customer Database into the
Bookings Database. The customer is asked for a contact phone number and their pickup details (hotel
name and tour), which are entered into the bookings database. The bookings clerk tells the customer
the estimated pickup time and the bus number (e.g. Bus 1 = AQWA, Bus 2 = Fremantle) for their first
tour. The bookings clerk adjusts the number of tours the customer now has available to use.
At the end of the day, the manager uses the bookings database to allocate a bus and a driver to each
tour. The passenger lists are then emailed to the drivers and a copy is placed in the Daily Tours file.
On the day of the tour, the bus driver collects the customers from their hotel. The customer shows their
Explorer Pass Card to the driver who validates it and checks off the customers name on the passenger
list.
At the end of each trip the driver puts the checked passenger list into the Completed Tours tray.
Every Friday afternoon, the manager uses the customer database to generate a list of new customers
and the amounts they have paid. This list and the copies of the receipts on the spike are used to
reconcile the bank statement supplied by the bank. The reconciled statement and copies of receipts are
placed in the Bank Statement file.

What you are required to do

Systems analysis

(25 marks)

1.

Provide an explanation of the methods you would use to collect information about the current
system for Perth Bus Tours. Your explanation should include justification for the choice of
methods.

2.

Provide a recommendation for the systems development methodology that would be best suited
to analysing and designing the new system for Perth Bus Tours. Your recommendation should
explain how the chosen methodology will suit the needs of the company

3.

A context diagram of the current system is provided at Appendix 1. Use the description of the
current system and the context diagram provided to construct a Level 0 Data Flow Diagram of the
Perth Bus Tours Booking System.

System design: Database development

(23 marks)

4.

You have obtained samples of the current Customer and Bookings databases in Excel (Appendix
2). Use examples from the supplied data to explain the problems that exist with the current flatfile database.

5.

You have recommended that the company sets up a relational database for the tour bookings to
be stored on a central server. Draw an E-R diagram for the new Perth Bus Tours database,
showing the relationships between the entities identified. Include a list of attributes for each entity,
underline the Primary keys and place FK at the end of the foreign keys.

System design: Program development

6.

(20 marks)

Part of the new system design is a software program that will allow users to work out the cost of
the Explorer Pass. Write an algorithm in pseudocode for a Calculate Charge module that will:

allow the user to enter the number of family, adult and child passes required

allow the user to enter the number of tours the pass will be valid for

display the cost of each type of pass, the total cost and the amount of GST included (to
calculate the amount of GST included, you will need to divide the Total Cost by 11 e.g. if total
cost is $169.00, GST included = 169/11 = 15.36).

include error checking to ensure that a valid number of tours are entered and that a valid pass
type is selected.
Explorer Pass

Adult

Child

Family

1 tour

$ 46.00

$23.00

$115.00

2 tours

$ 85.00

$42.00

$210.00

3 tours

$120.00

$60.00

$320.00

4 tours

$150.00

$80.00

$400.00

5 tours

$175.00

$95.00

$480.00

Child = 4 to 13 years
Family Pass = 2 adults and 2 children
A family with 3 children would need to purchase 1 Family Pass and 1 Child Pass

Sample input
Please enter the number of Tours
Please enter the number of Family Passes
Please enter the number of Adult Passes
Please enter the number of Child Passes
Sample output
0 * Family Pass for 2 tours @ $115.00
1 * Adult Pass for 2 tours @ $85.00
2 * Child Pass for 2 tours @ $42.00
Total Cost
GST included

2
0
1
2
$0.00
$85.00
$84.00
$169.00
$15.36

System design: Network design

7.

(29 marks)

The current office layout consists of two computers that are not networked. The Managers
computer is connected to the Internet via a broadband ADSL connection.
Design a network for the office that will allow for future expansion of the business. All users
should have Internet access, printer access and access to a central server for common files.
You should:

Prepare a list of all the hardware, software and transmission media required for the new
network. Indicate the approximate costs of each component. You do not need to include the
cost of the computers.

Explain the security measures that will need to be implemented to protect data on the network

Describe the backup procedures you would recommend for data used by the company.

Systems implementation
8.

(12 marks)

Provide an explanation of each of the four possible implementation methods, justifying its
suitability or otherwise, for changing over to the new system for Perth Bus Tours. Your
explanation should also include a recommendation for the kind of training program that Perth Bus
Tours should put in place to train its staff on using the new system.

Ethics and privacy

9.

(6 marks)

Provide an explanation of the responsibilities Perth Bus Tours has with regard to the Customer
database and the information that is held in it. Include discussion on the rights of the clients
whose data is held in the database, as well as the responsibilities of the company employees
who handle the data.

TASK 11 Appendix 2 Spreadsheet Data

Refer to accompanying spreadsheet file
CS_ATAR12_Task11_Appendix_2.xls

TASK 10 Appendix Context Diagram

Price
request

Quoted price

CUSTOMER

Response

Credit
details

Tour
Details

Receipt &
Explorer
Pass No
Name &
Explorer Pass
Card No

Contact
phone,
pickup
details

Explorer
Pass Card
No

PERTH BUS
TOURS
BOOKING
SYSTEM

Credit details
& transaction
amount
Receipt
number
Bank statement

BANK

Valid
Explorer
Pass Card
details

Appendix 1 Computer Science ATAR 12 Grade descriptions

(Taken from the Syllabus document)

Knowledge and understanding

Accurately uses a wide range of terms and concepts associated hardware, software, data
communications and systems.
Adjusts the level of computer science vocabulary for use in different circumstances.
Makes comparisons between methods for developing a system and justifies the most
appropriate method.
Processes
Gathers and refines appropriate data from a range of contextually relevant sources.
Planning and presentation demonstrates creativity or metacognition, and a high level of analysis
and evaluation of the requirements.
Justifies and evaluates recommendations and, where relevant, presents and justifies
alternatives.
Systems skills
Accurately represents information systems as data flow diagrams using standard symbols and
notations. Data flow diagrams include context/Level 0 and 1 diagrams.
Database skills
Constructs a fully operational relational database consisting of tables, calculated fields and
concatenated fields in queries, including data anomalies insert, update and delete.
Recognises and resolves M:N relationships.
Constructs entity relationship diagrams, including relationships, cardinality, primary keys, foreign
keys and appropriate attributes.
rd
Normalises data to produce 3 normal form tables.
Programming skills
Modular algorithms include parameter passing and demonstrate an understanding of global and
local variables.
Uses appropriate data structures, including one-dimensional arrays.
Trace tables correctly trace the logic of complex algorithms that include modules, parameters
and nested control structures.
Identifies and correctly represents modules and parameter passing in a structure chart.
Knowledge and understanding
Accurately uses a range of terms and concepts associated with hardware, software, data
communications and systems.
Uses technical and non-technical computer science terms; makes comparisons between
methods for developing a system.
Processes
Gathers and refines appropriate data from a range of sources.
Planning, presentation and analysis identifies and addresses the key concepts and
requirements. Provides recommendations and justifies recommendations based on the
requirements and data collected.
Systems skills
Represents information systems as data flow diagrams, including context/Level 0 and 1
diagrams using standard symbols and notations, with some errors in logic.
Database skills
Constructs a workable relational database consisting of tables with 1:M relationships, standard
and sort queries, including Boolean operators and queries requiring joined tables.
Constructs entity relationship diagrams, including relationships, cardinality, primary and foreign
keys and appropriate attributes.
rd
nd
Describes normalisation to 3 normal form and produces normalised tables to 2 normal form.
Programming skills
Modular algorithms include global and local variables, although they may not be used
appropriately. Algorithms demonstrate a sound understanding of the sequence, selection and
iteration constructs. Trace tables correctly trace the logic of sequence, selection and iteration
algorithms that include nested control structures. Identifies and correctly represents modules in a
structure chart.

Knowledge and understanding

Uses terms and concepts associated with hardware, software, data communications and
systems. Attempts to use technical and non-technical computer science terms.
Describes different methods for developing systems.
Processes
Gathers appropriate data.
Planning and presentation demonstrates understanding of concepts and requirements.
Provides recommendations that are drawn from the requirements and the data collected.
Systems skills
Identifies and correctly uses standard data flow diagram symbols, although the data flow
diagram itself contains some logic errors (no or little discrimination between Level 0 and 1).
Database skills
Constructs a workable relational database consisting of tables with 1:M relationships, standard
and sort queries, including Boolean operators and queries requiring joined tables.
Constructs entity relationship diagrams, including relationships, cardinality, primary and foreign
keys and appropriate attributes.
rd
Describes normalisation to 3 normal form.
Programming skills
Algorithms demonstrate a satisfactory understanding of the sequence, selection and iteration
constructs. Trace tables correctly trace the logic of sequence, selection and iteration algorithms
and identifies and correctly uses standard structure chart symbols, although the structure chart
itself contains some logic errors.

Knowledge and understanding

Uses a limited number of terms and concepts associated with stage 3 hardware, software, data
communications and systems. Identifies and lists methods for developing systems.
Processes
Gathers limited data from a small range of sources. Planning and presentation demonstrate
limited understanding of concepts and requirements. Provides recommendations that have a
tenuous link to the requirements and the data collected.
Systems skills
Identifies and correctly uses standard data flow diagram symbols, although the data flow
diagram itself contains many logic errors.
Database skills
Constructs a relational database with limited functionality. Entity relationship diagrams include
main entities and attributes, but key fields and relationships are inaccurate. Defines
normalisation and identifies un-normalised data.
Programming skills
Algorithms demonstrate a limited understanding of the sequence, selection and iteration
constructs. Includes most variables in a trace table, but cannot trace the logic.
Includes some of the modules in a structure chart, but cannot represent the parameters and link
between modules.

Knowledge and understanding

Inaccurately uses terms and concepts associated with hardware, software, data communications
and systems.
Identifies methods for developing systems.
Processes
Gathers limited unrelated data. Planning and presentation demonstrates a lack of understanding
of concepts and requirements.
Provides unrelated recommendations.
Systems skills
Identifies standard data flow diagram symbols, but cannot apply these in a data flow diagram.
Database skills
Constructs some components of a non-functional relational database.
Many entities and attributes in entity relationship diagrams are inaccurate.
Identifies normalisation.
Programming skills
Demonstrates little recognition of the sequence, selection and iteration constructs and cannot
implement these in algorithms and programs.
Trace tables do not accurately identify the variables to trace.