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PSICOLOGA
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PSICOLGICAS Y SOCIOLGICAS
PSICOLOGA
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La psicologa social se propone como objetivo la dependencia e interdependencia de la
conducta entre los individuos. Por dependencia de la conducta queremos dar a entender
una relacin entre la conducta de cierto nmero de individuos, de tal suerte que la conducta de uno o ms de ellos provoque o pueda provocar una alteracin en la conducta
de uno u otros.
(Zajonc, 1967; p. 8)
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Supuestos esenciales de la teora del aprendizaje social son que las influencias modeladoras originan el aprendizaje debido fundamentalmente a sus funciones informativas y
que los observadores adquieren sobre todo representaciones simblicas de las actividades
del modelo ms que asociaciones estmulo-respuesta especficas.
(Bandura, 1977a/82; p. 67)
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PSICOLOGA
SOCIAL.
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PSICOLGICAS Y SOCIOLGICAS
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Desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje social, el funcionamiento psicolgico es una interaccin recproca continua entre determinantes personales, conductuales y ambientales.
(Bandura, 1977a/82; p.229 )
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Cuando la probabilidad de un resultado es la misma, ocurra o no una determinada respuesta, el resultado es independiente de esa respuesta. Si la respuesta en cuestin es
voluntaria, el resultado es incontrolable. Inversamente, si cuando ocurre una respuesta la
probabilidad de un resultado es diferente de su probabilidad cuando la respuesta no ocurre, entonces el resultado es dependiente de esa respuesta: el resultado es controlable.
Una persona o un animal estn indefensos frente a un determinado resultado cuando
ste ocurre independientemente de todas sus respuestas voluntarias.
(Seligman, 1975/81; p. 37)
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Esta es, pues, nuestra teora de la indefensin: la expectativa de que un determinado
resultado es independiente de las propias respuestas (1) reduce la motivacin para controlar ese resultado; (2) interfiere el aprender que las respuestas controlan el resultado; y
si el resultado es traumtico (3) produce miedo durante el tiempo que el sujeto no est
seguro de la controlabilidad del resultado y, luego, la depresin.
(Seligman, 1975/81; p .88)
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