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Inter RAT Handover during high Traffic for Load Balance

Symptoms: This article develops Common Radio Resource
Management (CRRM) concepts thats allows us to gain more in
the heterogeneous network of 3GPP through software defined
radios (SDR) mechanism. In RAN we have different RAT co-exists
and

coordinated

in

defined

fashion.

To

achieve

more

performance and maximum utilization of radio resources in

standalone network through vertical handovers procedures. It is
worth mentioning that CRRM has been identified as an important
by all network share holders.The effect of load base HO
depending on intersystem, inter-layer/inter frequency cells, we
use this to balance the load in the network.
In LTE network LTE to 3G inter RAT when there is low or limited
LTE coverage and to balance load in new system. If 3G to LTE
inter RAT due to triggered by traffic management policies.Non
real time data we consider as more important and should not be
dropped while executing HO and applications should be reaunthicate and streaming should be restarted.
Types: Handovers are to be classified on RAT bases are as
follows:
Inter RAT HO we called handovers between
access technologies:
-Between E-UTRAN (LTE) and UTRAN (3G)
-Between E-UTRAN (LTE) and GSM
-Between E-UTRAN and non 3GPP Access
-Between 3G and 2G bi-directional

different radio

Scenario: Let us consider the case of UTRAN to GSM (GPRS)

Inter system HO scenario.
If handover is to GSM network we used NACC, Network Assisted
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Cell Change and no resource reserved in the target network.UE

simple enter in GSM network in RRC_Idle mode and start the RRC
connection setup procedure.
Following are the commands for activating NACC: In RNC
//Activating NACC (Network Assisted Cell Change)
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:
HoSwitch=HO_INTER_RAT_PS_3G2G_CELLCHG_NACC_SWITCH1&HO_INTER_RAT_PS_3G2G_
RELOCATION_SWITCH-0&HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH-1;
//Deactivating NACC (Network Assisted Cell Change)
MOD UEXT2GCELL: SuppRIMFlag=FALSE;
Inter RAT HO steps involved setting up measurements and
evaluating measurements reports also HO preparation and
execution than after completion and data forwarding steps and
procedure. Measurements type and reporting play vital role for
triggering and decision making between two RAT suggested
which carrier frequency need to be accessed and type of event
triggering.

Measurements

are

to

be

reported

through

measurements ID.
RAT Selection Strategy: We know in TDMA access (GGE) system
no intra cell interference. In turn inter cell interference is caused
by a single user in every co-channel cell.In CDMA based system
(UTRAN FDD mode of UMTS) the intra cell interference caused by
every single

user

in a

cell.

Infact,inter

generated by all users in neighbouring

cell

interference

cells due to one

frequency re-used.CDMA systems are more prone to multi user

interference than TDMA systems.
Users allocation in RATs according to their propagation losses,
so that users with low propagation loss will be allocated to CDMA
cells and users with high propagation loss will be allocated to
TDMA cells. UE latch on most suitable cells according to given
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RAT selection algorithm can be achieved either cell selection &

re-selection when UE is in Idle mode and inter system handover
and directed retry when UE is in connected mode. In idle mode
cell selection and re selection makes UE camp on better cell
according to measurements broadcast on pilot channels.In
connected mode,inter system HO allows the network to change
the serving cell of an ongoing connection to one of a different
RAT.
Note://Activating PS Handover between UMTS and GPRS
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:
HoSwitch=HO_INTER_RAT_PS_3G2G_RELOCATION_SWITCH1&HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWI
TCH-1;
ADD UEXT2GCELL: GSMCellIndex=1,
GSMCellName="GSMCELL1", NBscIndex=1,
LdPrdRprtSwitch=ON, MCC="460", MNC="01",
CnOpGrpIndex=1, LAC=1,
CfgRacInd=REQUIRE, RAC=1, CID=1, NCC=1, BCC=1,
BcchArfcn=512,
RatCellType=GPRS, UseOfHcs=NOT_USED,
SuppPSHOFlag=TRUE;
ADD U2GNCELL: RNCId=1, CellId=100, GSMCellIndex=1;
SET UINTERRATHOCOV:
InterRatReportMode=PERIODICAL_REPORTING,
FilterCoefOf2D2F=D4, InterRATFilterCoef=D6;
//Deactivating PS Handover between UMTS and GPRS
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:
HoSwitch=HO_INTER_RAT_PS_3G2G_RELOCATION_SWITCH-0;
MOD UEXT2GCELL: SuppPSHOFlag=FALSE;

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The

above

figure

Security Level

shows

different

phases

of

connection

establishments in 2G/3G equipment in CN.UE is in idle mode and

camping on UTRAN cell as the serving cell for the current
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location. After this now user want to activate the services, so

user need to establish RRC connection for activating the services
to UTRAN triggering. Now UE can be configured for sending
measurements reports to UTRAN and also CM configured for
sending GSM measurements. UE provides measurements results
to RNC and GSM measurements as well. Service request is sent
to the 3G MSC using initial Transfer Capabilities in RRC and
RANAP. By using CN signaling 3G MSC tries to activate a RAB in
the RNC where the user has the RRC connection. At this point of
time RNC knows what kind of service and requested QOS
parameters from the RAB assignment request message. The
important remark here is that RAT selection policy only applied
to specific service. Furthermore, RNC collected all measurements
reporting and path loss info for UTRAN as well as GSM cell and
start manipulating the data need to be used for sustain the
existing UTRAN cell or moving to the GSM cell by comparing the
threshold values.
Now at this point either UE remain in the cell or latch to GSM
Cell. Two situations arise that RNC should be aware before
handover to GSM cell that cell is not so congested and able to
accept HO request. If target cell is congested no need to
handover sessions in that cell means now failure of inter system
HO. On the other hand if GERAN cell load status updated in RNC
an admission control for the selected cell can be done before
definitely transfer the call to GSM cell. All necessary procedures
have been developed over the Iur interface to allow a RNC
obtaining cell load measurements on cell controlled by other
RNCs.The measurements between BSC and RNC via Iur-g
interface.
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Summary: Now the algorithm indicate that the session can be

handled by GERAN.Directed retry feature is used to answer the
RAB assignment request.The RNC shall invoke relocation by
sending a relocation required message to active CN with cause
directed retry.
This results in an inter system handover from UTRAN to GERAN
that finally leads to the UE to be connected to the proper RAT.
To implement this Inter RAT HO no need for special hardware
only by software package we enable this feature of Inter RAT HO
on Load Base. Only License control is required.
Enable this feature by running following commands:
#SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH in BSC 6900
# HO_INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH
# HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH
# ADD UEXT2GCELL
# ADD U2GNCELL
# ADD UCELLLDR
# ADD UCELLINTERRATHONCOV
# SET UINTERRATHONCOV
For deactivating this feature just MOD the UCELL in not
active state.
Example: //Activating Inter-RAT Handover Based on Load
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:
HoSwitch=HO_INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH1&HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH-1;
ADD UEXT2GCELL: GSMCellIndex=2, GSMCellName="2",
NBscIndex=2,
LdPrdRprtSwitch=OFF, MCC="460", MNC="07",
CnOpGrpIndex=1, LAC=H'0012,
CfgRacInd=REQUIRE, RAC=H'01, CID=2, NCC=2, BCC=2,
BcchArfcn=1000,
RatCellType=GSM, UseOfHcs=NOT_USED;
ADD U2GNCELL: RncId=1, CellId=2, GSMCellIndex=2,
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BlindHoFlag=TRUE,
BlindHOPrio=1, NPrioFlag=FALSE;
ADD UCELLLDR: CellId=1,
DlLdrFourthAction=CSInterRatShouldBeLDHO,
DlLdrFifthAction=PSInterRatShouldBeLDHO,
UlLdrFourthAction=CSInterRatShouldBeLDHO,
UlLdrFifthAction=PSInterRatShouldBeLDHO;
ADD UCELLINTERRATHONCOV: CellId=1;
//Deactivating Inter-RAT Handover Based on Load
MOD UCELLLDR: CellId=1, DlLdrFourthAction=NoAct,
DlLdrFifthAction=NoAct,
UlLdrFourthAction=NoAct, UlLdrFifthAction=NoAct;
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:
HoSwitch=HO_INTER_RAT_CS_OUT_SWITCH0&HO_INTER_RAT_PS_OUT_SWITCH-0;
Below figure shows inter RAT measurements messages flow:

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