SOUND MEASUREMENTS

for
CITY OF MEDINA SR520
Submitted to:
City of Medina
501 Evergreen Point Road
Medina, Washington 98039
Prepared by:
Ioana Park, P.E.

1932 First Avenue, Suite 620

Seattle, WA 98101
p: 206.270.8910
f: 206.270.8690
www.brcacoustics.com
June 10, 2016

BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

Sound Measurements
City of Medina SR520
June 10, 2016
Page ii

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1
2. SOUND LEVEL DESCRIPTORS ............................................................................................1
3. NOISE CRITERIA ....................................................................................................................3
4. MEASURED SOUND LEVELS...............................................................................................4
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................13

BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

Sound Measurements
City of Medina SR520
June 10, 2016
Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION
This report presents measurements and evaluation of sound levels measured in the City of
Medina, in the vicinity of the newly opened SR-520 Bridge Replacement and HOV Project and
in other areas of the City. The scope of the report is to present sound levels measured at
residential parkland properties in Medina, near and remote to SR-520; to evaluate measured and
derived sound levels with respect to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Washington
State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) noise criteria; and to provide a discussion of
sound levels from traffic passing over expansion joints near the eastern approach to the Bridge.
2. SOUND LEVEL DESCRIPTORS
Sound is measured as sound level in units of decibels, dB. Environmental sound is often
measured as A-weighted sound level in dBA. The A-weighting is a specific weighting filter in a
sound level meter that corresponds to human hearing sensitivity at the various sound frequencies.
People normally experience sound levels between about 30 and 90 dBA, depending on their
activity. For example, a loud nearby vehicle, radio or power tool may produce 80 to 90 dBA,
normal conversation is about 50 to 60 dBA, and a bedroom or quiet office is about 30 to 40 dBA.
Each 10-dB increase in sound level corresponds to a tenfold increase of sound energy, but is
judged by a listener as only a doubling of loudness. The smallest changes in sound level
considered clearly noticeable are about 3 to 5 dBA.
Sound levels from two or more sources are combined using logarithms, not by adding the levels.
When two levels are combined, the louder level predominates, and the combined level is the
louder level plus 0 to 3 dBA. Some examples: 50 dBA combined with 50 dBA is 53 dBA, and
50 dBA combined with 40 dBA results in 50.4 dBA.
The smallest, just noticeable increase in the level of a source of steady noise is about 3 dBA,
while a 5-dBA increase is clearly perceptible, and a 10 dBA increase causes a doubling of
perceived loudness. For example, 70 dBA is judged to be twice as loud as 60 dBA and four times
as loud as 50 dBA. Table 2-1 summarizes how increases in perceived loudness correlate with
dBA sound level increases.

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June 10, 2016
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TABLE 2-1
Perceived changes in loudness based on increases in sound levels
Sound Level Increase (dBA)

Judged Loudness Increase

02

Imperceptible

Just Perceptible

Moderate Increase

10

Twice as Loud

20

Four Times as Loud

Because sound levels fluctuate over time, several sound-level descriptors are used to characterize
the sound. In this report, the following descriptors are used:
Leq

Equivalent sound level, Leq, is the most commonly used

descriptor for measuring fluctuating sound. The Leq is the level of
a constant sound that, over a given time period, contains the same
amount of sound energy as the measured fluctuating sound.

Lmax

Maximum sound level, Lmax, is the highest instantaneous sound

level for a given sound source, event or time period.

Frequency

Frequency, expressed in Hertz (Hz), is a measure of the rate of

oscillations of a sound, roughly correlating with musical pitch.

Sound Spectrum

For a sound comprising energy over a range of frequencies, the

spectrum quantifies the distribution of sound energy by frequency.
Often the spectrum is shown in frequency bands with widths of
one octave or one-third of one octave.

Lmin

Minimum Sound Levels, Lmin, is the lowest instantaneous sound

level for a given sound source, event or time period.

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Sound Measurements
City of Medina SR520
June 10, 2016
Page 3

3. NOISE CRITERIA
3.1 Federal Highway Administration and Washington State Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) criteria are contained in Title 23 of the Code of
Federal Regulations Part 772, Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and
Construction Noise, (23 CFR 772) and its interpretation by WSDOT (Washington State
Department of Transportation Traffic Noise Policy and Procedures, 2011).
The WSDOT uses noise "design levels" based on Noise Abatement Criteria contained in 23 CFR
772. In this document, the FHWA has adopted noise impact terminology based on peak-hour
Leq for specified land uses, and also identifies impacts as substantial increases over existing
sound levels. The FHWA Noise Abatement Criterion for residential land use is an exterior peakhour Leq of 67 dBA. The FHWA regulations define impacts as those levels that approach or
exceed the specified abatement criteria. A sound level is considered to approach the 67 dBA
criterion if it is within 1 dBA, according to WSDOT interpretation of the regulation. The FHWA
Noise Abatement Criteria are listed in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1
FHWA NOISE ABATEMENT CRITERIA
HOURLY A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL, DECIBELS (dBA)
Activity Category
Leq
Description of Activity Category
Lands on which serenity and quiet are of
A
57 (Exterior)
extraordinary significance and serve an important
public need and where the preservation of those
qualities is essential if the area is to continue to
serve its intended purpose.
Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active
B
67 (Exterior)
sports areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels,
schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals.
Developed lands, properties, or activities not
C
72 (Exterior)
included in categories A or B above.
Undeveloped lands.
D
-Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms,
E
52 (Interior)
schools, churches, libraries, hospitals, and
auditoriums.
Source: 23 CFR 772
The FHWA policies regarding noise abatement contained in Title 23 CFR 772 are the following:
(a) In determining and abating traffic noise impacts, primary consideration is to be given to
exterior areas. Abatement will usually be necessary only where frequent human use occurs

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Sound Measurements
City of Medina SR520
June 10, 2016
Page 4

and a lowered noise level would be of benefit.

(b) In those situations where there are no exterior activities to be affected by the traffic noise, or
where the exterior activities are far from or physically shielded from the roadway in a
manner that prevents an impact on exterior activities, the interior criterion shall be used as
the basis of determining noise impacts.
The Washington State Department of Transportation Traffic Noise Policy and Procedures
(2011) consider an increase of more than 10 dBA over existing sound levels a substantial
increase and a traffic noise impact.
3.2 City of Medina
Sound levels in the City of Medina are regulated by Chapter 8.06, Noise, of the Medina
Municipal Code. The City has adopted by reference Chapters 12.86 through 12.100 of the King
County Code (as revised by King County in June 2011). The King County noise limits do not
apply to traffic on a State Highway. However, this report will refer to some of the provisions of
the King County Code as a term of comparison.
4. MEASURED SOUND LEVELS
4.1 Measurement Locations and Methodology
BRC Acoustics conducted measurements of sound levels at six locations selected in
collaboration with City of Medina representatives. The locations, shown in Figures 4-1 and 4-2,
were as follows:
.
Location 1 South of residence at 3223 Evergreen Point Road. Sound levels were monitored
continuously for 24 hours starting at 1 p.m. on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. The
monitoring was conducted using a Bruel & Kjaer 2238 Logging Integrating Sound
Level Meter.
Location 2

East of residence at 7550 NE 28th Place. Sound levels were monitored

continuously for 24 hours starting at 1 p.m. on Tuesday, May 31, 2016. The
monitoring was conducted using a Bruel & Kjaer 2238 Logging Integrating Sound
Level Meter. During retrieval of the sound monitor at the end of the measurement,
residential maintenance activities using power tools were observed at the
neighboring residence. The measurement data suggest that the measurements
during the 12 and 1 p.m. hours on June 1 were affected.

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June 10, 2016
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Location 3

BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

Bench on Evergreen Point Lid. Daytime measurements of traffic noise were not
possible at this location due to construction activities. A 32-minute measurement
was conducted starting at 8:58 p.m. on Tuesday, May 31, 2016 using a Bruel &
Kjaer 2250 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. Evening traffic on SR-520 was
traveling at the speed limit. The measurement was paused during extraneous
events such as aircraft flyovers and local traffic.

Location 3a Fairweather Park, 45 feet east of the Evergreen Point Rd. centerline. A 26-minute
measurement was conducted starting at 1:26 p.m. on Tuesday, May 31, 2016.using
a Bruel & Kjaer 2250 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. Afternoon traffic on SR-520
was proceeding at the speed limit. The measurement was paused during
extraneous events such as aircraft flyovers and local traffic.
Location 4

Northeast corner of 77th Ave. NE and NE 16th St. A 27-minute measurement was
conducted starting at 11:35 a.m. on Wednesday, June 1, 2016.using a Bruel &
Kjaer 2250 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer. The measurement was paused during
extraneous events such as aircraft flyovers and local traffic. This location was
selected as a reference. Sound from traffic on SR-520 was not audible at this
location.

Location 5

Dock at Viewpoint Park. A 20-minute measurement was conducted starting at

12:41 p.m. on Wednesday, June 1, 2016.using a Bruel & Kjaer 2250 Real-Time
Spectrum Analyzer. The measurement was paused during extraneous events such
as aircraft flyovers and local traffic and was stopped short of the intended 30
minutes due to landscaping work at the neighboring residence. This location was
selected as a reference. Sound from traffic on SR-520 was not audible at this
location. The location experienced noise from distant watercraft and waves on
Lake Washington and distant traffic on Interstate 90.

All measurement instruments conform to the specifications of ANSI S1.4 for Type I instruments.

16.054

Figure 4-1

Drafted

Checked

Date

Name

06-10-16

IP

City of Medina - SR-520

Sound Measurement Locations 1-3
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

16.054

Figure 4-2

Drafted

Checked

Date

Name

06-10-16

IP

City of Medina - SR-520

Sound Measurement Locations 4-5
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

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June 10, 2016
Page 8

The weather conditions during the measurements were clear, with daytime temperatures in the
upper 70s and nighttime temperatures in the low 50s to mid-60s degrees Fahrenheit and wind
from the northwest at 0-7 mph. The measured conditions are in the range recommended by
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-58 for sound-level measurements.
4.2 General Results of Sound Measurements
4.2.1 Results of long-term sound monitoring
The results of the 24- to 25-hour noise monitoring at Locations 1 and 2 are presented in Figures
A-1 and A-2, as graphs of the hourly A-weighted Leq, Lmax, and Lmin sound levels.
General features of the measured hourly sound levels are summarized in Table 4-1. The results
in Table 4-1 were derived by omitting sound levels during hours that appeared compromised by
extraneous, local events such as construction or residential maintenance.
TABLE 4-1
RESULTS OF LONG-TERM SOUND MONITORING
Descriptor
MONITORING LOCATION
1
2
Overall daytime Leq, dBA
60
58
Overall daytime Lmax, dBA
78
79
Overall nighttime Leq, dBA
43
44
Overall nighttime Lmax, dBA
63
65
Peak-hour Leq, dBA
58
57
4.2.2 Results of short-term, attended sound measurements
Table 4-2 shows the short-term measurement results.
TABLE 4-2
MEASURED SOUND LEVELS AT SHORTTERM MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS
Location
3
3a
4
5
Date and Time of Measurement

Measured Leq (dBA)

Measured Lmax (dBA)

5/31/2016
8:59 - 9:30
p.m.

5/31/2016
1:26 - 1:53
p.m.

6/1/2016
11:35 12:03
p.m.

6/1/2016
12:21 12:41
p.m.

63
80

50
59

41
58

58
70

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June 10, 2016
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4.2.3 Evaluation of general measurement results

The Leq sound levels shown in Figures A-1 and A-2 and summarized in Tables 4-1 and 4-2 are
below the FHWA Noise-Abatement Criterion of 67 dBA.
WSDOT prepared a memorandum dated April 29, 2016, reporting sound-level measurements
conducted on April 19 and 20 at several locations in Medina and on the bridge deck. The sound
levels reported by WSDOT were 15-minute, daytime Leq sound levels.
Location A in the WSDOT report (3223 Evergreen Point Road) coincides with BRCs
measurement Location 1. The 15-minute Leq reported by WSDOT (59 dBA) is in agreement
within 1 dBA with the measurement by BRC Acoustics (60 dBA).
4.3 Measurements Pertaining to Expansion-Joint Noise
4.3.1 Results of the measurements in 1-second and 10-second intervals
The measurements discussed in Sections 4.2 were conducted in 10-second intervals at Location 2
and 1-second intervals at all other locations. The short-term measurements at Locations 3 to 5
also included sound spectra in one-third-octave bands Furthermore, the short-term
measurements allow a breakdown into increments of 100 milliseconds (or 1/10 of one second)
The overall results reported in Section 4.2 were derived from the 1-second or 10-second sound
levels.
The availability of sound-level histories in short time intervals and of spectral data facilitates
additional analysis in an effort to characterize the sound levels from expansion-joint events. This
additional analysis is presented in the following subsections of this report.
Table 4-3 summarizes sound-measurement results at measurement Locations 1, 2, 3, and 3a.
These were measurement locations where sound from vehicle pass-bys over expansion joints was
audible during daytime and evening conditions. The notes pertaining to Table 4-3 provide brief
explanations of the derivation of table entries. The results are discussed in more detail in the
subsections following Table 4-3.

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June 10, 2016
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TABLE 4-3
RESULTS DERIVED FROM 1-SECOND AND 10-SECOND MEASUREMENTS
# Descriptor
MEASUREMENT LOCATION
1
2
3
3a
1 Overall Leq/Lmax, dBA
Daytime
Daytime
8:59 - 9:30
1:26 - 1:53
60/78;
58/79;
p.m.
p.m.
Nighttime
Nighttime
63/80
50/59
43/63
44/65
2 Peak-hour Leq, dBA
58
57
--3 Lmax attributable to Expansion
3 a.m.: 59
2 a.m.: 58
8:59 - 9:30
1:26 - 1:53
3 p.m.: 64
3 p.m.: 62
Joints, dBA
p.m.: 75
p.m.: 57
4 Leq during same measurement
3 a.m.: 42
2 a.m.: 44
63
50
intervals as Line #3, dBA
3 p.m.: 58
3 p.m.: 55
5 Difference between expansion
Nighttime
Nighttime
Evening 12
Daytime 7
Lmax and overall Leq over
17
14
same time interval, dBA
Daytime 6
Daytime 7
Notes for Table 4-3:
Line #1
Overall Leq/Lmax derived from results in Figures A-1 and A-2 and in Tables 4-1
and 4-2. These sound levels include effects of extraneous sound sources, such as
construction. Sound levels at Locations 1 and 2 also include aircraft flyovers.
Line #2

Peak-hour Leq derived from results in Figures A-1 and A-2, omitting high levels
most probably associated with aircraft or construction

Line #3

Locations 1 and 2, nighttime: selected quietest nighttime hour and examined

graphs of Lmax sound levels in 1-second or 10-second intervals (Figures B-2 and
B-4). Selected Lmax of often-repeated peaks.
Locations 1 and 2, daytime: Selected peak hours of Line 2, examined graphs of
Lmax sound levels in 1-second or 10-second intervals (Figures B-1 and B-3).
Selected Lmax of often-repeated peaks.
Locations 3 and 3a: examined graphs of Lmax in 1-second intervals (Figures B-5
and B-6). Selected Lmax of often-repeated peaks.

Line #4

Leq measured during the same time intervals reported in Line #3

Line #5

Difference between Lines 3 and 4

Figures B-1 to B-5 show graphs of Lmax over 1-second intervals for total durations ranging from
2 minutes to one hour, as follows.

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June 10, 2016
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BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

Figure B-1 shows one-second Lmax levels measured by the unattended sound monitor at
Location 1 during the 3-p.m. hour. The measurements include contributions from other noise
sources, such as aircraft flyovers, construction, and local events. The Lmax of 64 dBA
attributable to traffic over expansion joints was estimated by examining events that repeated
frequently and were short in duration. The hourly Leq for the 3-p.m. hour was measured as 58
dBA.
Figure B-2 shows one-second Lmax levels at Location 1 during the 3-a.m. hour. The hourly Leq
for the 3-a.m. hour is 42 dBA and is considerably lower than the daytime Leq of 58 dBA. The
estimated Lmax from pass-bys over expansion joints if 59 dBA. The lower Lmax during
nighttime pass-bys suggests that the daytime Lmax of 64 dBA represents a high estimate,
affected somewhat by continuous background noise present during daytime activities.
Figure B-3 shows 10-second Lmax sound levels measured by the unattended sound monitor at
Location 2 during the 3 p.m. hour. The estimated Lmax from expansion-joint events was 62
dBA. The hourly Leq at Location 2 during the 3 p.m. hour was 55 dBA.
Figure B-4 shows one-second Lmax levels at Location 2 during the 2-a.m. hour, which was
confirmed by the hourly data to represent one of the quietest nighttime conditions. The Lmax
attributable to pass-bys over expansion joints was estimated as 58 dBA. The hourly Leq at
Location 2 during the 2 a.m. hour was 44 dBA.
Figure B-5 shows one-second Lmax levels measured during the short-term readings at Location
3. The Figure shows the sound levels during a continuous measurement from 9:02 to 9:07 p.m.
Since the instrument at Location 3 was paused for all extraneous events, the measurements in
Figure B-5 are due to traffic only. The typical one-second Lmax from pass-bys over expansion
joints is estimated as 75 dBA. The Leq over a 30-minute evening measurement at Location 3
was 63 dBA.
Figure B-6 shows one-second Lmax sound levels measured during the short-term, attended
readings at Location 3a. The Figure shows a continuous two-minute time interval staring at 1:52
p.m. The estimated Lmax attributable to expansion-joint events was 57 dBA. The Leq from
traffic over a 25-minute measurement at Location 3a was 50 dBA.
The measured sound levels shown in Figure B-1 to B-6 constitute Lines 3 and 4 of Table 4-3.
The following observations pertain to the results shown in Figures B-1 to B-6 and in Lines 3 and
4 of Table 4-3:

Lmax sound levels directly attributable to pass-bys over expansion joints as received at
the residential locations (Locations 1 and 2) are below 67 dBA during both daytime and
nighttime conditions. While the FHWA Noise-Abatement Criterion does not apply to
Lmax sound levels, the comparison clearly demonstrates that traffic noise from the SR520 Project does not approach the FHWA and WSDOT criteria requiring additional

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BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

sound mitigation.

Line 5 shows the comparison between the Lmax from expansion-joint crossing and the
underlying Leq during the same measurement conditions. The comparison shows that the
Lmax from pass-bys over expansion joints exceed the underlying Leq by 6 to 7 dBA
during the daytime and by 12 to 17 dBA during evening and nighttime conditions. As
was shown in Table 2-1, sound-level differences of 6 to 7 dBA are clearly noticeable, and
differences of 10 dBA and more are judged subjectively as more than a doubling of
perceived loudness. This is consistent with the experience reported by residents in the
adjacent community of the sound from expansion joints being particularly noticeable
during the nighttime hours.

The pavement on the SR-520 project leads to sound levels from tire-pavement interaction
that are considerably lower than on the existing SR-520 Bridge pavement. The lowered
sound levels from vehicles traveling over the new pavement on spans between expansion
joints exacerbate the prominence of sounds from pass-bys over the expansion joints.

4.3.2 Time profile of sound from expansion-joint events

As stated previously, the Sound Analyzer used in the short-term sound measurements at
Locations 3 and 3a recorded A-weighted sound levels in 100-ms intervals. Figure C-1 shows the
profile of the A-weighted sound level over time for a typical expansion-joint event measured at
Location 3. The graph in Figure C-1 spans a duration of one second.
Figure C-1 shows that the onset of the event is abrupt (a rise of almost 15 dBA over 0.2
seconds). The sound level stays within 6 dBA of the maximum level for less than 0.3 seconds,
which is a short duration compared with the time interval between events, which was
approximately 3 seconds during the daytime under free-flowing traffic conditions (Figure B-6).
During the evening and nighttime, the maximum sound level is at least 12 dBA above the Leq
measured between events (Table 4-3, Line 5).
Paragraph 12.87.130 of the King County Code (KCC) defines an impulsive sound as having the
following characteristics: (1) the peak of the sound level is less than one second and short
compared to the occurrence rate; (2) the onset is abrupt; (3) the decay is rapid; (4) the peak value
exceeds the ambient level by more than 10 dBA.
The sound time profile shown in Figure C-1 displays all the characteristics of an impulsive sound
with the exception of (3). It is therefore expected to elicit some of the same responses in a
listener as an impulsive sound.
Paragraph 12.88.030 of the King County Code imposes a 5-dBA reduction in the noise limits for
impulsive sounds, in recognition of the added annoyance produced by such sounds. Similar
provisions appear in the Noise Codes of other agencies, such as the City of Seattle.

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BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design

The provisions of KCC do not apply to traffic on public roads. Furthermore, the profile of the
expansion-joint events only partially satisfies the definition of an impulsive sound. However, the
reference to the treatment of impulsive sounds in the Noise Code is illustrative of the perceptual
effect of sounds with the abrupt time profile shown in Figure C-1.
4.3.3 Spectral characteristics of sound from pass-bys over expansion joints
Figure D-1 shows two Lmax spectra in one-third octave bands. Both were measured over
intervals of one second during the 9-p.m. hour at Location 3. One of the curves represents the
spectrum of traffic between expansion-joint events. The other curve represents the spectrum
during the expansion-joint event.
Figure D-1 shows that the spectrum of the expansion-joint event contains significantly higher
components in the one-third octave bands centered on 500 to 1000 Hz. These components
exceed those of standard traffic noise by up to 15 dB, which is more than a doubling of perceived
loudness. The difference occurs in the mid-range frequency bands to which human hearing is
most sensitive. This further explains the highly noticeable character of the sound from pass-bys
over expansion joints.
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Measured sound levels at locations in the vicinity of the SR-520 project and at other reference
locations in the City of Medina were presented in Section 4 of this report. Hourly sound levels
corresponding to FHWA and WSDOT criteria were presented in Section 4.2. Additional results
aimed at characterizing the sound from traffic pass-bys over expansion joints were presented in
Section 4.3.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the measured and derived sound levels presented
in Section 4:

Results reported in Sections 4.2 and 4.3 show that sound levels from traffic on SR-520,
including traffic over expansion joints, are below the FHWA and WSDOT NoiseAbatement Criteria.

Sound levels measured by BRC Acoustics on May 31 and June 1, 2016 are consistent
with recent sound measurements by WSDOT, reported in the memorandum dated April
29, 2016.

At locations within 600 feet of the SR-520 right-of way, maximum sound levels from
pass-bys over expansion joints exceed ambient Leq sound levels by 6-7 dBA during the
daytime and by 12 to 17 dBA during the night. The daytime sound-level differences are
expected to be clearly noticeable, and the nighttime differences are typically judged as

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more than a doubling of perceived loudness.

The time profile of sound levels from expansion-joint events shows characteristics
common with impulsive sounds, which are recognized as having a higher potential for
annoyance than steady-state sounds or those with a more gradual onset.

The highly noticeable character of sound from traffic traveling over expansion joints is
consistent with the spectral make-up of the sound, as illustrated in Section 4.3.3 and
Figure D-1.
--- End of Report Text---

Hourly Leq
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Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

Figure A-1
Hourly Sound Levels
Location 1, May 31-June 1, 2016

90.0

80.0

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Figure A-2
Hourly Sound Levels
Location 2, May 31-June 1, 2016

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80.0

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Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

Figure B-1
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 1, May 31, 2016, 3 p.m.

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

Time and Start of Interval

Lmax

03:00:00 AM
03:01:00 AM
03:02:00 AM
03:03:00 AM
03:04:00 AM
03:05:00 AM
03:06:00 AM
03:07:00 AM
03:08:00 AM
03:09:00 AM
03:10:00 AM
03:11:00 AM
03:12:00 AM
03:13:00 AM
03:14:00 AM
03:15:00 AM
03:16:00 AM
03:17:00 AM
03:18:00 AM
03:19:00 AM
03:20:00 AM
03:21:00 AM
03:22:00 AM
03:23:00 AM
03:24:00 AM
03:25:00 AM
03:26:00 AM
03:27:00 AM
03:28:00 AM
03:29:00 AM
03:30:00 AM
03:31:00 AM
03:32:00 AM
03:33:00 AM
03:34:00 AM
03:35:00 AM
03:36:00 AM
03:37:00 AM
03:38:00 AM
03:39:00 AM
03:40:00 AM
03:41:00 AM
03:42:00 AM
03:43:00 AM
03:44:00 AM
03:45:00 AM
03:46:00 AM
03:47:00 AM
03:48:00 AM
03:49:00 AM
03:50:00 AM
03:51:00 AM
03:52:00 AM
03:53:00 AM
03:54:00 AM
03:55:00 AM
03:56:00 AM
03:57:00 AM
03:58:00 AM
03:59:00 AM

Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

Figure B-2
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 1, June 1, 2016, 3 a.m.

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

Time at Start of Interval

Lmax

Lmax

Time at Start of Interval

15:58:20

15:56:40

15:55:00

15:53:20

15:51:40

15:50:00

15:48:20

15:46:40

15:45:00

15:43:20

15:41:40

15:40:00

15:38:20

15:36:40

15:35:00

15:33:20

15:31:40

15:30:00

15:28:20

15:26:40

15:25:00

15:23:20

15:21:40

15:20:00

15:18:20

15:16:40

15:15:00

15:13:20

15:11:40

15:10:00

15:08:20

15:06:40

15:05:00

15:03:20

15:01:40

15:00:00

Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

Figure B-3
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 2, May 31, 2016, 3 p.m.

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

Lmax

Time at Start of Interval

2:58:20

2:56:40

2:55:00

2:53:20

2:51:40

2:50:00

2:48:20

2:46:40

2:45:00

2:43:20

2:41:40

2:40:00

2:38:20

2:36:40

2:35:00

2:33:20

2:31:40

2:30:00

2:28:20

2:26:40

2:25:00

2:23:20

2:21:40

2:20:00

2:18:20

2:16:40

2:15:00

2:13:20

2:11:40

2:10:00

2:08:20

2:06:40

2:05:00

2:03:20

2:01:40

2:00:00

Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

Figure B-4
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 2, June 1, 2016, 2 a.m.

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

9:02:36 PM
9:02:41 PM
9:02:46 PM
9:02:51 PM
9:02:56 PM
9:03:01 PM
9:03:06 PM
9:03:11 PM
9:03:16 PM
9:03:21 PM
9:03:26 PM
9:03:31 PM
9:03:36 PM
9:03:41 PM
9:03:46 PM
9:03:51 PM
9:03:56 PM
9:04:01 PM
9:04:06 PM
9:04:11 PM
9:04:16 PM
9:04:21 PM
9:04:26 PM
9:04:31 PM
9:04:36 PM
9:04:41 PM
9:04:46 PM
9:04:51 PM
9:04:56 PM
9:05:01 PM
9:05:06 PM
9:05:11 PM
9:05:16 PM
9:05:21 PM
9:05:26 PM
9:05:31 PM
9:05:36 PM
9:05:41 PM
9:05:46 PM
9:05:51 PM
9:05:56 PM
9:06:01 PM
9:06:06 PM
9:06:11 PM
9:06:16 PM
9:06:21 PM
9:06:26 PM
9:06:31 PM
9:06:36 PM
9:06:41 PM
9:06:46 PM
9:06:51 PM
9:06:56 PM
9:07:01 PM
9:07:06 PM

Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPA

Figure B-5
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 3, May 31, 2016

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

Time at Start of Interval

Lmax

Lmax

Time at Start of Interval

1:53:01 PM

1:53:00 PM

1:52:59 PM

1:52:58 PM

1:52:57 PM

1:52:56 PM

1:52:55 PM

1:52:54 PM

1:52:53 PM

1:52:52 PM

1:52:51 PM

1:52:50 PM

1:52:49 PM

1:52:48 PM

1:52:47 PM

1:52:46 PM

1:52:45 PM

1:52:44 PM

1:52:43 PM

1:52:42 PM

1:52:41 PM

1:52:40 PM

1:52:39 PM

1:52:38 PM

1:52:37 PM

1:52:36 PM

1:52:35 PM

1:52:34 PM

1:52:33 PM

1:52:32 PM

1:52:31 PM

1:52:30 PM

1:52:29 PM

1:52:28 PM

Sound Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPA

Figure B-6
Lmax Sound Levels in One-Second Intervals
Location 5, May 31, 2016

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

Figure C-1
Expansion Joint Event in 100-ms increments
Location 3, May 31, 2016, 9:05 p.m.
80

74.7

75

71.4

71.2
70

65.4
65
63.0
61.3
59.5

05:00.1

60

60.2

59.6

05:00.0

55

Time at Start of Interval, mm:ss.s

LAF100ms

05:00.9

05:00.8

05:00.7

05:00.6

05:00.5

05:00.4

05:00.3

50
05:00.2

Soudn Pressure Level, dBA re. 20 mPa

68.3

Figure D-1
Spectrum of Traffic Sound
Location 3, May 31, 2016

One_Third Octave Band Sound Pressure Level, dB re. 20 mPa

80

70

60

50

40

30

20
25 31.5 40

50

63

80

100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800

1k 1.25k 1.6k

One-Third Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz

No expansion joint

Expansion joint

2k

2.5k 3.15k 4k

5k

6.3k

8k

10k