SUSHANTA KUMAR BHOWMIK Ph. D., B. Ed.

[Technical Officer (Bacteriology)

National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR)
Kolkata, West Bengal, India]
CORRUPTION IN POLITICAL DEMOCRACY IS HARD TO CONTROL
WITH LAW ONLY
Objective: In political democracy, conventional laws responsible to control
corruption is not sufficient weapon that must be upgraded as per required.
Methods: In research, the postmodern development of Anti-corruption Dialectics
is a much diversified field. Laws are a helpless paradigm at the outburst range of
corruption, irrespective of development. Elaborative study of the origin of
corruption and the faults of its control is the dialectical important in this concern.
And the way-out of this situation with most modern technology is the best
consideration.
Result: Where is will, there is way. The imperfections of the systemic mechanism
of anti-corruption laws and related depth analysis is been performed well. The
stages and scope of imperfections are also indentified. The world economical
inequality which is regulatory parameters of lawmakers of a Government is a big
concern of corruption controlling system. Biometric signature may be used as
individual identification at all finance-related performance will identify the corrupt
personals of all categories.
Scientific novelty: Among so many dimensions of corruptions, regulatory devices
may be projected sector-wise or a total digital system that may be the best.
Practical value: Corruption originates from malpractice of human and this
responsible human community is the hurdle of action of anti-corruption laws.
Moral and immoral values are human behavioral in this concern.
Key words: corruption, anti-corruption, political democracy, lawmakers,
Government institutions, moral education, digital system, biometric sign.
Abstract: Corruption, the inherited characteristics of Capital Economy and
Political Democracy, is the latest development of present civilization. Civilization
of political democracy beyond its surface ideology of by the people, of the people
and for the people, is actual accountable to provide batter access of money and
power to more number of political leaders of respective countries that is the origin
of said Corruption. To regulate or control this corruption, a set-up of laws has
been introduced to implement by the Government country-wise. This article is to
prove that the implementation of laws is shabby for Anti-corruption drives. The
elected Law-Makers are the subject of controversy in respect of corruption. LawMakers, the supreme authority of political democracy never will be self-bounded
1

within own-making laws, which are the human nature. Therefore, the other pillars
of democracy like Court, Police and Investigating Organizations are helpless to
take them into custody and to punish the high-profile Law-Makers community and
Executive Officials, who are the origin of corruption that infiltrate into the whole
society. A non-bias, digital and systematic Anti-corruption mechanism,
applicable to all category of citizen can minimize the Corruption at individual or
corporate level also.
Background: Beyond the period of modern civilization, among the inhabitants of
different geographic area, a small number of people emerged as community leaders
who deserved to have better and luxurious livelihood in the community [1]. From
this motivation, these leaders initiated exploitation of labour from others by muscle
power and other means -like God-Theme [2]. In later stage of development, when
currency became the media of all shorts of purchase, then the inherited generation
of community leaders, named as King or Emperor were engaged to accumulate
currency by hook or by crook policy to gain, for better and luxurious lifestyle. This
money collection policy was named as Royal Tax to the King or Ruling Leader. In
the mean time, a group of peoples emerged as businessmen who used to exchange
of goods professionally using this currency and the margin money was
accumulated in more amount. However, the amount of accumulated money
became the strength of luxuries. Then, the Kings or Ruler-Leaders were annoyed
about the business-men who were owner of immense treasures that were more
enough than that of the Kings [3]. As a result, the Kings or Ruler community had
developed rules of legal and illegal policy of business or money-gain, just to
control the businessmen.
Today, that very illegal money gaining policy is now known as Corruption that
actually inherited from the initiation of civilization in different form, in different
time concerned [4].
The Classical Economic of ancient history of India was about 275-350 BC. The
great philosopher, Kautilya alias Chanakyas Arthashatra (Economics) may be the
pioneer and first hand written book in this field, in Indian history. Chanakya's
Arthashastra for its clear and precise rules which apply even today [ 5]. In his works,
Chanakya had ruled the King should collect taxes from his subjects exactly the
same way a bee collect nectar from flowers (6). This Pay not to pay to king was a
crime and seriously liable to bear punishment. As whole, the monetary gain
beyond rules (made by Ruler) may be termed as Corruption' or dishonesty. But,
it is very much arguable. There is no globally accepted definition of corruption. In
philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, corruption is the abuse of
bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit, by skipping the rules of
ruler. The word corrupt was first used by Aristotle and later by Cicero who added
the terms bribe and abandonment of good habits [7].
2

The types of corruptions are also very difficult to define precisely. The theft of a
pen and the corporate theft of a large scale that may directly affect immense on
mass people are also corruption. Governments are very much concerned about its
monetary collection mainly in public label as well as corporate label. Bribery and
embezzlement are the major type of corruptions to discuss. Other than these twos,
extortion, blackmail, favouritism, nepotism, abuse of discretion like things are also
carries indirect economical background and part of corruptions [8, 9]. And other
petty cases of corruptions are also matter of law and order situation of a country.
Emerge of such a situation hampers massively the development of a Government
[10]. However, an elected Government has a motive of total development and
peaceful administration. To ensure and to fulfil these twos, it has to impose laws to
control overall situation as well as the corruption to a minimum range. To check
such Corruption, at present, Anti-corruption concept has been developed [11].
Political corruption is the best feature of Democracy. Political parties are the
pillars with logics of different ideology, and compete hard for major common
peoples support. After all, to occupy the Governments Chair is their goal at any
cost, anyhow. These at any cost and anyhow, are the main root of corruption [12]
that expanded its area from very individual public life to international level.
Actually, the corruptions penetrate from ruling level to common people.
Dialectics: Anti-corruption Dialectics is an interdisciplinary subject of research of
illegal monetary involvement of Capital Economy that carries Corruption [13].
Corruption hampers the economical development or economical regulation of
respective country is a part of criminalization from the point of Law and Order
view [14]. In respect of latest civilization, the political democracy is an up-graded
form, from the diminished feudal rule where the King and his/her assistants
enjoyed the power and monetary gain. In democracy, the election-wined leaders of
political party, enjoyed the same right for a certain time. This very time bounded
power gain becomes the major factors of immense corruption worldwide in a view
to -next time this party (personals) may not gain this public support. Therefore, it is
an elaborated study field of -corruption, anti-corruption, perspectives of both
Government and criminal, executes of system, companies and related total
development of present and future.
Discussion:
Political Democracy is the most modern development of civilization. The political
parties of different motive and ideology are competing for major public support to
form Government and the elected leaders are chaired as top powerful
administrators, as a whole, a Government. The members of it are representatives of
people as well as powerful and influential leaders. In low income countries, most
of the elected members, actually human beings of lust and personal benefit, are
corrupt Law-Makers [15].
3

Forms and types

of corruption

Corruption as an
interdisciplinary
subject of
researches

There is something more to be pointed for better understanding of the origin root
of corruption in democratic development. Political parties are the choice-option to
common people. The people are not well known about the parties future plan to
implement when it will form a Government. In reality, political parties are
composed of a section of leaders who want to be a Law-maker and to fulfil his/her
aspiration, whether it is self-beneficial or mass beneficial or the both. Now, to run
a political party also a very much costly matter. The source of this finance morally
keeps out of knowledge of common people. There are some rules also in this
regard from Governments end, to maintain a political party and its collection of
money [16]. The party financing source may be major two ways. One, mainly, the
socialistic parties and trade unions collect money from party members and
common peoples as subscription. Two, the major rightist parties collect money
from businessmen and companies in bigger amount as donations [17]. There is
question of transparency or corruptions, because of the big donations are not
following rules. Most of the cases are private donation in cash and other ways [18].
In India like biggest political democracy, the respective officers of Anticorruption do not dare to question about the proper source of funds of these main
political parties [19]. From economical point of view, financial transaction in
political relation must be with any motive. Suppose, the subscription from common
people bears a general motto that the party concerned will do measure in favour of
common peoples benefit. On the other hand, the large scale donation from
corporate or businessmen must be the motto that this concern party will do in
favour of business benefit that means more profit or gain in business. Hence, both
of the donors are human being to gain profit from their donation, from their
favourite parties. The early donors expectation is generally accepted in democratic
aspiration of development of mankind [*20]. The second donors expectation is also
not illegal, as profit making as per rule is legal, but the concept is unaccepted in
moral view. More have to clear in this point. The common peoples donation
comes from their limited income, even curtail from poors livelihood. On the other
hand, the corporate or companies donates money in large amount as per demand of
the political leaders for different political purpose to gain major votes from voters.
Remind that companies are business organization, not charity organization. They
need profit from any investment that will ensure from the partys elected
Government. Then the elected party members were bound to favour the business
community [21] in possible or impossible means. In present development of
democracy, it is the major phenomena that very little donations are with receipt
and major amount donation performed by private dealing that is illegal and corrupt.
Proponents argue that financing elections through private money leads to
corruption, because politicians are beholden to their donors and not to their
constituents [22]. There is the root of corruption in political democracy.
4

It is very interesting that with the age of democracy, the corruptions also
diversified more and more with deep infiltration among general people.
Government of countries are trying hard to control corruption with more harden
laws. But the rate of corruption may be erupted like volcano against all possible
Anti-corruption measures [23, 24]. In low income countries, the public corruption
rate is so high to fight with is basically at impossible level. It already has been
discussed. The poverty is the curse of development- that yields the anyhow to gain
money to live at least. The immense wants must be minimised at first, and
measures have to adopt from international level. Corruption in developing
countries is also complicated.
The total development of research of Anti-corruption is around one part of
educated people who are corrupt to be richer of unlimited aspiration. The
worldwide corruption list is of unlimited number of riches as well as educated
people, one part of them are in a hide of companies or corporate. This references
are unlimited in internet.
In moral sense, there is an idea that academically sound mind will judge better of
legal and illegal, good and bad, corrupt and transparent. Education will promote
the transparency against corruption. But the thing goes against the idea from that
moral point of view. In reality, an academic people can measure better the effect of
anti-corrupt laws and that is how he/she manage to skip well of it- that is the
reason of rise of criminalization as well as corruption among well-educated
peoples also [25].
But from the progressive point of view of the development of civilization, there is
no option other than education. This education must be drive on its moral value.
This chapter provides limited scope to explain about the morality, but from the
point of view to fight against corruption, it has to discuss some detail within this
limit. All of the national and international academics are making students for
professional as well as careerist, and a careerist will to achieve more and more
promotion by making more profit to employer the company who wants profits only
[26]. From such situation, it is a difficult job to train the students mind to fight
against corruption. In this subject, so many researches have been done to modify
the teaching process to combat with corruption. Some financial organizations
(banks and insurance companies) have developed professional courses to fight
corruption. ACRN-Anti-corruption Research Network has developed such courses
[27]. Corruption in education is now a headache in fighting corruption itself. Most
of the private education institutes are now becomes the source of corruption. There
is open market also in education that is mainly profit making and multinational
organization by nature. They are also corporate. In such a situation, Governments
are clueless to control them in market economy. [28]. Researchers are being confused
to isolate HIV (corruption) infected cells from infected patient (students/member
5

Prevention
and regulation
of conflicts
of interests
and other
potentially
corruption
situations

Anti-corruption
education, anticorruption
enlightenment
and anticorruption
outreach

of the society), when it is the immune cell (CD4 T-cell) itself. Still the situation
has to develop to make more efficient and trained new generation from the basic
learning process of a student. Governments have to control on the academic
syllabus and teaching modus of all private or public schools, whether national or
international. Schools must be under strict vigilance at regular basis on the moral
and ethical progress of students mind. Without moral development of a careerist
student-mind, it will not appropriate to fight against any shorts of corruption and
evil practices in private life as well as in society. The moral and ethical developed
society is the major development to combat corruption at basic level that happened
in developed countries. And it is completely failure in other countries. The
information from corruption data from internet, shows the same result [29]. Again
the corruption rate is always anti-proportional to the economical stability of
countries [30]. It proves that in the market economy, anyhow gaining more money
is the key factor of more corruption in low income countries, as money is the
regulatory factor of lucrative life-style and establishment. For example, India is a
developing country, most of the economically scams are involved with high profile
citizens who are academically sound, but anyhow enjoyed the grace of political
personals, e.g. MPs, MLAs [MP-member of parliament; MLA-member of legislative assembly;] [31].
Develop countries leaders and peoples are gaining sustainable benefits from
countrys economic establishment and the mode of corruption is in lower range.
There the Law and Order problems are also comparatively low. The cry of Anticorruption measures is high in the developing countries; where as, under develop
countries manifested poor cry for such Anti-corruption drives, because of
minimum concept of corruption and the deep ignorance among common peoples
[32]. There is a common say in Indian sub-continent that the doctors child will be
doctor (physician) and rickshaw-pullers child will be the next rickshaw-puller.
This slogan may be right internationally also as per academic system prevailed.
That is been elaborately described by Michael Ochurch (January 30, 2011) in his Yes, rich
kids already won the career game. Heres why [33]. That proves the money
promoted education system and the system-product as a careerist is poor enough to
fight against the root of corruption. However, the poor are the prey of corruption
which pushes them to the terminate stage of die [34]. The result of such potentially
corrupt situation is deadly reflected on the mass suicidal death of Indian farmers

Types of
corruption
lawlessness
and responsibility
for their
commission

[35].

Corruptions in public level are petty cases, but, these are the most law and order
problem in daily life. Purchasing goods or dealings with local administration are
regrettable experiences. The extra money has to be spent. The daily labours are
also the pitiful prey of the local goons or leaders. Such things are much difficult to
address as per laws. The wrong-doers are the neighbours and are involved with
societys activities live-in. For prevention of such wrong-doings, strict police
6

Anti-corruption
in the fields of
purchase of
goods, works,
and services for
a provision state
and municipal
needs

patrolling and hard punishment as per law may help most. But, it is basically a
problem of poor economical society. With proper education with anti-corruption
mind set-up and strong economical development is the best way for prevention of
corruption at local level.
Land and property is the paternal inheritance practice of the conventional society.
Peoples are lust of owned of such non-moveable property that is equally found in
rural as well as in city dwelling peoples who are millioners also. From this rigid
character of people, corruption occurs very easily from the early date of human
civilization. In present developed society peoples are not very much addicted with
vast land that is difficult to maintain and the common people of money in-hand
wants to own property. Therefore, land marketing becomes a very good source of
having good amount of money, which is also a good business to a group of landdealers. The landdealers, the land related developmental Officers, and the landtransfer-related personals are very much lined with such money laundering and
corruptions. A section Government motive also promotes to earn more revenue
(taxes) from this process of frequent land-transfer. Therefore corruption involved
in each step, because of the middle men as well as the middle money is essential
part of this very old process.
To prevent corruption, local government may do the thing in such a way that
middle mens involvement reduced at large number. Property list at Government
level, measurement of land, settlement land map of local area and land mutation
records must be recorded as up-to-date computerized record. Related any land
related transfer would be direct for communication with the help of digital
technology and internet [things are developed by authors experiences].
Market Economy is the modern development of capitalism which is the subject of
profit-base investment and development. In this development, business or
corporate sectors invest money or capital for more profit or gain as per amount of
capital [36]. At present environment, investment seems development of country. And
Development is the aphorism of a Government of the country concerned [37]. As a
result, the concerned Government personals (Law-Makers and Executives) are
very much addicted to corporate investment. More investment means more profit
there is no concern of collective development of that country. But, facilities and
good infrastructure are the precondition to favour investment is no doubt a
development, which internationally welcomed. At present, most of the corporate
are Multinational or International and they measure the official and non-official
advantages from Government. Such a way they influence major on economically
dependent countries [38]. That means Governments policy also been regulated by
indirect mechanism of international corporate communities. Then Government has
to patronise the non-moral activities of corporate or businessmen. They are the
international power of market regulation or market economy. From such
7

Anti-corruption
in the field of
land and
property relations

International,
national and
regional anticorruption
experience

international and competitive profit motivation, corporate companies very

frequently provide illegal opportunities in large amount of money (bribe) and other
beneficial to the Government personals [39]. In market economy, the corporate or
companies have developed a money resource from lower economically establish
section of people from Share-Market. This Share-Market has an international
character and play as a Casino Game. A vast number of economically middle class
people (not common poor people) invest their money for better gain from
corporate-profit [40]. From this development of market economy, Share-Market has
set up two successes. One, the bigger corporate collects more money which, a big
amount of public money, be used in investment or business. It is like the fish
can fry with its own oil. Second, a good number of middles class peoples who
are determined in profit-making mind, become the strong supporter of corporateillegal doings. This mass also plays against Anti-corruption move of Government
[41]. From such a sequential and complex economical point of view, Akera Muna
has expressed his best anxieties If we want to stay corrupt you should be prepared
to face the consequence at last Putrajaya Conference. The international antimoney laundering legal framework is inadequate and should be strengthened to
ensure more robust control and punishment [42].
Bribe is a major term in respect of corruption in national level. But generally, this
term Bribe commonly used in petty and common behave of lower level
Government officials in corrupt practice. Common-peoples motive is very much
timid of administrative rules due to immense fear of punishment, like a guineapig.
If this not happened, political democracy never exists [43]. Therefore, it is the fact
that the bribe or corrupt practice is percolated from top of the Government and its
executive officer levels to daily public life. If a Government suffer from corruption
in public level, the law and order situation definitely would be in danger. Because,
every criminal practice caries an economical background direct or indirectly.
Economical poor Government is the prey of this situation. The elected
representatives and the top officials of this Government are much involved with
such national and international corruptions [44, 45]. Economically strong countries
Governments are not very much disturbed from this situation, but the bribepractice is not completely eliminated, minimized only.
Spaces and limitations of an anti-corruption law regulation
In political democracy, police, investigating organizations of Government and
court are the three institutions responsible to implement Anti-corruption laws.
But the very regrettable situation of these three institutions causes of no-meaning
of Anti-corruption drives in most of the countries, including some developed
countries also. It is the most important matter to consider in this article.
Police force is the primary Government force to comply with the monetary
complains. The police personals are the part and parcel of common citizen. They
8

Spaces and
limitations of an
anti-corruption
law regulation

have daily life with other family members in a society. If there is close relation
between the accused and political leaders; then the responsible Police Officer
suffers much from the all mighty political leaders of ruling party. First time, the
political criminals offer monetary settlement that is bribe. In failure of this first
step, next on, the police officer will be suspended or transfer to some remote place
[46]. In India, very recent Vyapam scam case is the highest example, about 50
high profile officials and witnesses are been killed. The law and order situation is
unable to save these people in such cases [47]. Sometime, if the accused have a close
relation with Ministerial personal of Government, then the concern officer will
unable to write down even a FIR [first investigating report] against the corrupted people, due
to direct action on his/her Service Book or alike severe punishment to the officer
from the Ministry [such news are not well covered by media, but peoples are facing in daily life]. Police is helpless
administrative force in such countries; the developed countries are not very far
from this situation. As a result, police force itself involved with routine illegal
monetary transaction with political criminals, it turns to one of the most
corrupted organization.
Investigating Government Organizations of a country for different purpose are
responsible for investigation after police. For example, CID [Central Investigative Department] is
the state level organization and CBI [Central Borough of Investigation] is the central criminal
investigating organization of Govt. of India. There are other investigating
organizations also. These investigating organizations are also under respective
Executive Officers under respective ministry of Government. There is two
regulatory system of such organizations; one, from Ministerial Instruction and
other from Court order. However, there is also alike situation of police force. If any
accused is of strong political influence, or has a close relation with Government
personals or Executives, then investigation will hard to get proper investigative
report in final stage. The investigative officers never dare to face the red-action
from Government that is been illustrated above for police.
Court is the final destination to get judgement against criminal complains of the
monetary cases or others. The judges live in better protected place in town or city
area. Still they may face some shorts of misbehaves from rowdy peoples. However,
from the primary investing police report and from the investigating organizational
reports open on the judges table. There is also some adverse scenario may
happened. In court, the Govt. lawyer may take the defence lawyers role and
judges become helpless to precede proper step following the case. There are many
scopes to influence the witness by the politics related most influential accused.
Lawyers are privately paid-professional community. They do every possibility to
save such clients (accused). Even they can bribe the court-judges also [48, 49, 50]. If
these steps are moved normally and after a long trial period, the judge orders
punishment to accused; then the accused has an open scope to kill anther long time
9

by applying to the higher court challenging the present court order. Such rich
accused individuals are strong to spend enough money to get relief from complain
or can delay years for punishment.
The prescribed punishment also is very much insufficient as per the crimes result
on society. The punishment chart of different countries is also a point of research
whether it is justified with such crimes by financial corruption of powerful political
individuals or the corporate [42, 51].
In political democracy, bribe is an inherited practice. This practice is overall
involved in election propaganda that never be eliminated from even the developed
countries. Bribe is in pandemic height in courts, police station and most of the
section of administration in low income countries. This pandemic situation of
corruption in public level can be minimized, if the corrupted lawmakers and top
officials are punished hard, even with capital sentence, as per depth of the
corruption done. So far, no Government has been adopted such stringent steps. It is
openly published by Indian media that most hard punishment and capital
sentence are been applied only on the accused individuals who are
economically weak [52, 53]. Indeed, it is the same fact in international level also and
such a most poor system of laws is futile to control the corruption.
To prevent corruption in this most powerful and influential level a dynamic and
systemic model has to develop. The model must up-to-date as per need or as per
target of a Government. At this moment the non-commercial organizations are also
as corrupt as the corporate. A number of NGOs are also a money making venture
as per report of vigilance. They are using Government softness and the charitysaving rules to hide illegal activities. In such cases, laws also have to be modified
as per need of situation.
In research of Anti-corruption drive, the rules made by the law-makers are
subject to application on its effectiveness. It is much interesting that the Rules
have to apply on its parent-authorities who are liable of major corruption as per
data.
In political democracy, an Elected Government is an institution actually madeup of the high-profile human-beings, elected by the majority direct support of all
sector of adult citizen. The Governments general motive is to maximise the
effectiveness of Anti-corruption laws and provide people maximum transparency.
On the contrary, the elected Law-Makers and the executive personals are vividly
against the proper application of these rules. That is the major conflict of this
research.
However, to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy and laws, all shorts
of communication gaps between institutional forces and laws have to be removed,
at first. There are good gaps between the laws that have to be well defined. Police
Officers, Investigating organizations and Court experts are part of this research as a
10

Anti-corruption in
commercial and
non-commercial
organizations

Main direction of
an anti-corruption
policy and criteria
of its effectiveness

joint and collaborated effort to combat hard against corruptions in high level. Then,
efficient corrections of these gaps of laws and old laws are to be modified as
present need must be done by amendments by lawmakers of a strong targeted
Government.
Categorically punishment chart of most of the countries against large scale
corruption is very much insufficient and negligible to the monetary criminals. It
has to harden as capital punishment or possession order of all properties
including relatives who are connected with accused, or the both, as per depth of
said crime.
Anti-corruption audit and monitoring is a casual and systemic regulation of
corruption in Government Office level. From corruption elimination point of view,
these systems are not sufficient. Monetary regulation should be detected before
systemic audit. Audit system can be up-to-date as per demand of instant reporting.
In India like countries, audit reports and investigating reports of detected
corruption are directly not subject to court and punishment. These adverse (corrupt
mentioned) reports are subject to consider by Government and lawmakers
discretion that must be removed without delay with constitutional right.
The corruption in public level is the best effect on society. For this affect, the
common people have to be enlightened in a proper height that any corruption will
hamper not only the countrys development, but also the personal daily life.
National economic loss is great loss in daily livelihood. Minimum corruption
means highest development in employment, price of essentials, transportation and
public capabilities for enjoyable life. The developed countries have emerges with a
population as total anti-corruption force that is the basic of their economic
strength. Developing and underdeveloped countries are hungry of such a
community as a best and effective force to fight corruption, rather being selfcorruption for vested interest only. Highest literacy rate and effective anticorruption syllabus of school and colleges are the prime conditions for this
development of a country. A Government has to extend its hand as per expectation
of common people, that is absent in most of the third-world countries. Individual
level consciousness is the best way to control the motivated corruption of
companies or corporate.
Next, the role of other Anti-corruption institutions Court, Police and Investing
Organizations, liable for the effectiveness of it, have to direct help to this public
consciousness as much as best.
Conclusion: - Strategic, tactical and current anti-corruption planning;
The Capital Economy and its co-adhere Corruption is the base format of this
civilization. This civilization wants to go on with capital economy, but to
minimize, not to eliminate this corruption from this society. Then, anti-corruption
11

Anti-corruption
audit and anti
-corruption
monitoring

Public control
in the field of
anti-corruption

planning also is case to case different. Up-to this, strategy also be as per situation
of the case concerned. They may be considering the following divisions.
1. To control the business sector corruption, mainly the Government and the
member lawmakers have to determined to catch-up corruption and punish
harshly under efficient laws, made and strengthened by the Government. For
the same, no interference scope will be provided in any step of proceedings.
Police and investigating officials must be under systemic surveillance,
without any interference.
2. To control the corruption at Government Official level, the existing laws and
monitory system of a Government is inefficient (in case of India); sometime,
the application is not monitored properly or manually as per discretion of
Ministry or Executive Officials. This system must be upgraded with digital
technology that covers everyone, including the Ministry also.
3. Corruption in financing sector is not very hard to control, if there is honest
determination from Government level. Transactions at public level are well
maintained at conventional system. But the major corruption happened in
Directors or Management level. To control these peoples of high profile, the
systemic monitory should be applied on the Managements as a whole, no
escape will be permitted.
4. Now, the control of petty corruptions at public level will be automatically
minimised as per the total said measures prevail. It already been discussed
that common peoples are very much afraid of Government rules and
punishment, even in poor economic environment. Economic establishment
to common peoples provides more assignment to anti-corruption, as a well
conscious community.
From this previous discussion and study, it is to conclude that the conventional
laws and systems against the most powerful economical corruption never be
control as per required. Laws are something of written on paper with some
meaning for implementation with the responsible personals of Government system.
Human is a living being of all sorts of desires and greed. Therefore, the application
of Anti-corruption laws with human is also differ much according to countrys
grade of economical development and law and order condition.
Present Anti-corruption laws and systems are so porous much that, any individual
of strong financial background and political power can easily pass-through, with
little harassment only.
If there is will there is way. In modern technology, system can be developed
without pore. To develop such a system we have to find out the faults of present
system. The faults are listeda. Laws are not very specified and efficient to cover broad spectrum of
corruption. Court cannot do beyond its area, even accusation is proved.
12

Strategic, tactical
and current
anti-corruption
planning

b. Anti-corruption process starts only after a complain registered. Corrupts

are enjoyed by the power of severe tyranny on the complainer.
c. Lengthy process of trial in court that helps most to the accused. Influential
accused persons do all possible wrongs to dismiss the accusation within
sufficient time in hand.
d. Relation with political power is the prime and safe factor to the accused, to
be skipped from basic complains at police station. This political power play
role in favour of accused throughout the court process.
e. This political power is purchased by the strong financial and beneficial gifts
from accused person. Accused corporate personals are casually used this
process to buy even Government of respective country.
f. A great mystery is that prescribed punishment of law against corporate
corruption is far minimum standard in most of the countries [42]. (table)
g. The corporate community, lawmaker community and high profile officers of
Government are enjoying all of the said opportunities that help them most to
avoid the application of laws for Anti-corruption.
After considering these said faults, the system has to evolve as such a measureA. It is a digitally surveillance network.
B. Individual, from his/her birth have to be identified by name and address with
biometric signals.
C. All citizens of all age and category (including the President/King and
Supreme Court Judge) will be scanned by the system of Laws at regular
basis, without break.
D. This biometric signal will be used at every step of ones education, career,
profession and job, with different experience that will induct in each earning
and expenditure.
E. Any monetary transactions of individual or corporate will be reflected by the
automatic system.
F. No complain-register system will be there, the system will act automatically
against corruption detected; court must to act on the corruption and hard
punishment will be ordered.
Overall, this system will identify the person of doubt everywhere, whether in
individual or in corporate, no doubt.
Acknowledgement: This total work is a spontaneous brainwave from the
imbalanced world economical development, form which the poverty ridden
countries and its peoples are suffering most. I have to thank most to the inspiration
of the V International Scientific Conference on Anti-corruption Dialectics
organizing committee, Kazan, Russia.
13

Innovative forms,
Tools ,mechanisms
and technologies
of anti-corruption

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