APPLICATION OF BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

(MINTERMS & MAXTERMS EXPANSIONS)

NOUSHEEN ARSHAD...
...R1F15 BSCS 0040...
...PUNJAB UNIVERSITY (RWP CAMPUS)...

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A MINTERM (PRODUCT) IS A COMBINATION OF VARIABLES :

IT HAS A VALUE OF 1 FOR ONLY ONE INPUT COMBINATION.
IT IS 0 FOR ALL THE OTHER COMBINATIONS OF VARIABLES.

A MINTERM OF N VARIABLES IS THE PRODUCT OF N LITERALS IN

WHICH EACH VARIABLE APPEARS ONCE IN EITHER A
COMPLEMENTED OR UNCOMPLEMENTED FORM.
FOR EXAMPLE: IF A FUNCTION OF 3 VARIABLES X,Y AND Z
PRODUCES AS 1 OUTPUT FOR XYZ=010, 100, 111, THEN IT CAN BE
WRITTEN AS F= X'YZ'+ XY'Z'+ XYZ.

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IF A MINTERM HAS A SINGLE 1 AND
THE REMAINING CELLS AS 0'S, IT
WOULD APPEAR TO COVER A
MINIMUM AREA OF 1'S.
IT IS STANDARD SUM-OF-PRODUCTS
(SOP).
F= A'BC+AB'C'+AB'C+ABC HAS FOUR
MINTERMS.
THIS FUNCTION WILL BE WRITTEN
AS
F= M(3,4,5,7).

: EXAMPLE :

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A MAX (SUM) TERM IS ALSO A UNIQUE COMBINATION OF

VARIABLES :
HOWEVER, IT IS OPPOSITE OF MINTERMS.
IT HAS A VALUE OF 0 FOR ONLY ONE INPUT COMBINATION.
IT IS 1 FOR ALL THE OTHER COMBINATIONS OF VARIABLES.
THAT IS WHY, IT IS CALLED MAX (SUM) TERMS.
FOR EXAMPLE: THE SAME FUNCTION OF 3 VARIABLES X,Y AND
Z PRODUCES AS 0 OUTPUT FOR XYZ=000, 001, 011, 101, 110, THEN
F= (X+Y+Z).(X+Y+Z').(X+Y'+Z').(X'+Y+Z').(X'+Y'+Z)

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IT IS A STANDARD PRODUCT
OF SUM (POS).
WE CAN ALSO TREAT AN
ORDER OF VARIABLES TO
REPRESENT AN INTEGER .
THE FUNCTION CAN ALSO BE
WRITTEN AS F(X,Y,Z) =
M(0,1,3,5,6).

: EXAMPLE :

: CONVERSION OF ENGLISH SENTENCES TO

BOOLEAN EQUATIONS :
FOR SIMPLE PROBLEMS, GO DIRECTLY FROM A WORD DESCRIPTION OF
THE DESIRED CIRCUIT BEHAVIOR TO AN BOOLEAN EXPRESSION.
FOR EXAMPLE:

THE ALARM WILL RING (Z) IFF

THE ALARM IS TURNED ON (A), AND
THE DOOR IS NOT CLOSED (B'), OR
OR, IT IS AFTER 6 P.M (C), AND
THE WINDOW IS NOT CLOSED (D').
Z = AB'+CD'.

: COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN

USING A TRUTH TABLE :
EXAMPLE NO 01:
THE CANONICAL MINTERM (SOP) FORM F= A'B'+A'B.
THE CANONICAL MAXTERM (POS) FORM F= (A'+B).(A'+B').

: EXAMPLE NO 02 :
MAXTERM EXPANSION:
F(A,B,C) = (A+B+C).(A+B+C').(A+B'+C)
= M0 + M1+ M2.
= M(0,1,2).

MINTERM EXPANSION:
F(A,B,C) =
A'BC+AB'C'+AB'C+ABC'+ABC.
= M3+M4+M5+M6+M7.
= M(3,4,5,6,7).

: DESIGN OF BINARY ADDERS :

DESIGN SIMPLE BINARY ADDERS THAT ADDS TWO-BIT BINARY NUMBERS
(N1, N2) AND PRODUCES 3-BIT SUM (N3).

: BINARY ADDER :
1 BIT BINARY ADDER...
INPUTS: A,B, CARRY-IN.
OUTPUT: SUM, CARRY-OUT.
SUM = A'B'CIN + A'BCIN' + AB'CIN' + ABCIN.
COUT = A'BCIN + AB'CIN + ABCIN' + ABCIN.
BOTH SUM AND COUT CAN BE MINIMIZED.