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  • CCN Vol1 No1

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    5 vues32 pages

    CCN Vol1 No1

    Transféré par

    jefrancomix

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
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    ‘Giassroom Computer News SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1980 The Computer Industry and Education: the Issue of Responsibility by Phylli omputer manufacturers are zeroing non the educational computing markt Grecutives of Texas Instruments, ina econ stockholders’ meeting, singled ‘ut education a3 one of the four top markets for new Texas Instruments prod: tuts, Charles Philips, Radio Shack’s senior vice president, says that “Radio Shack had determined that inthe eights, education wil be our second lagest market, second, ‘only to small business. Simiady, Commodore Business Machines estimates 25-40 percent oftheir market wl be education Ip 1981 ‘Present and projected sales igures for the educalion market lane reveal the reason for this increased intesest. OF the 16,112 public school systems in Amesica, 30 percent have computers fr instruc- tional use. In the next four years, this could increase to 60 percent of ail Caputo Schools, International Data Corporation, an depend marke research and con- fuking frm for the information processing, field, predicts that sales of micro. computers will increase fivefold in the ext few years, reaching shipments of 1.2 milion in 1983. School sales for that year are expected to be 108,000 units — a royected $146 milion, up frorn $46 mi lion in 1979, These projections cross-check with assessments by industry afiials who Tepar a near doubling of growth each ‘year Industry spokespeople, while ‘unwilling to give exact sales figures and ‘dollar sales projections, do offer impres ‘sive ball park figures. Control Data (dix Iributor of the PLATO computer learning System, for example, reported 1979 sales double those of 1976; 1960 promises Please turn o py. 6 VOLUME 1, NO. 1 MICRONEWS Gulf Texas Multiegional Processing ‘Center has recommended Bell & Howell microcomputers for region's 110 school districts, Officials expect recommendation ‘to result in purchase of 600 systems during 1960-1981. I's the largest single regional purchase of microcoenputers yet, according to Bell & Howell, The center ‘4erves 640,000 students, including the Houston Independent School District, Lesley Catlege of Cambridge, Massa- chusats, has ceveloped a graduate ‘program in computers and education. The rogram, which leads fo a masters degree anda teaching certiate, Includes Course in hardware, programming and cureculum development The University of Minnesota and Control Data Corporation have announced plans for a Midwest regional center for micro ‘electronics and information systems, ‘Cantrol Data eantibuted $2 million ‘toward the center, one of the largest grants ever received by the university. “Apple Computer ine. plans soon to file swith the Securities and Exchange Commision a public oflering of common ‘Hock, Apple, started in a Palo Ako garage in 1977, 4 sald to have annual sales of bout $175 millon, The company expects to raise more than $20 mili CONTENTS Computers and Education: The issue of Responsibility Micronews The Superianker ind the Missile On ine Gramaze: A Word Game Gramaze Program Listing The Minnesota Connection Slashing Paper Work with a Micro The Second Coming in Lexington When the ids Ask . Lab Assistant Beyond the Elecronic Workbook iscs: Scorage for the ‘60s Getting Hant-nored About Saftvare New Products Book Review The 6502 Reso @ urce Magazin SoMecree Eirttone Currently bi-monthly, we're going monthly in January, providing up-to-date, useful infor- mation for owners and users of computers fromm Commodore, Apple, Atari, OS|. and the Single Board 6502 based machines. Subscribe for 198] before October 15, mention this od, and we'll give you the November-Decamber, 1980 Issue free! US: 12 issues, $1400 Canada: 12 sues, $1800 US funds COMPUTE P.O. Box 5406 Greensboro, NC 27403 USA EDITOR Lloyd R. Prentice ASSOCIATE EDITOR Laurie Beckelman FEATURES EDITOR Phyllis Caputo PRODUCTION MANAGER Lisa Underkaffier ART DIRECTOR Mary Rothenbuehier PUBLISHER Uoyd R. Prentice DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING SALES Douglas Wales ‘Chsiroom Computer News is published by: Intentional Educations 24 Chilton Street ‘Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Subscriptions: 1 year $9.00. Please send all subscription ‘correspondence to ‘Classroom Computer News, Box 266, ‘Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. [Copyright 1980 by Intentional Educations | All righis reserved. Unsolicited manuscripts wil be retuned only if Jaccompanied by a return envelope and ladequate postage: ‘Advertsing: Please send all advertising ‘inquiries to Douglas Wales. Classeoom Computer News, Box 266, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, FORUM The Supertanker and the Missile by Lloyd R. Prentice Pissresn not long nthe perspective ‘of American education. Bat five years may as well be a century in the field of computer technology. ‘Over the past five years, American ‘education has been bufloted by declining ‘enrollment, rising cost, Ideological conflict, plummeting professional morale and a rising tide of enitcism fromm parents, politicians and the news media, ‘Over the same period the computer field has exploded with ideas and products that are likely to change sockety ‘mare fundameetally than did the intro- duction of the automobile a near century ago. Says writer James Fallows, If the aircraft industry had progressed at the same rate. the Concorde would now hold 10.000 passengers and travel at £60,000 miles per hour, and a ticket would cost ene cent ‘OF course comparing innovation in “computers with progress in the elasstoom istike comparing cabbages with kings. ‘The theoretical sources of the computer field are tractable sciences — mathematics and physics — and the nurturing culture is free enterprise; the roots of education are in psychology and sociology and the top spi — a ny medium at Rates of Nevertheless, a comparison of the rate of progress inthe two fields quite jermane because out clatstoors wil Sutely Tee the howing winds of change whipped up by brainstorms in the: computer industry. Indeed, science fiction writer Arthur C, Clarke sees education and tinal computers coming topather ike WO hemispheres of plutonium ina nuclear device, leading to an explosion of educa: tinal and social progres. But others are not so sure — they point to teaching machines and instructional television. They say thatthe shiny computer of today will atract dust fn the Closet tomorrow: Which prognostication is comect? Prabsbly neither, Schools are conservalive by thei very nature. The thythms of ‘education are entrained to both the human developmental cycle and the political cycles ofthe electoral process. Nevertheless, computers are alfeady Jmportant learning tools in our schools, and judging frorn the enthusiasm of the Youngsters, they have a great deal to ofr. Yet the weit is still ut on the long term implications, 1 all hinges on how teachers ‘ind administrators work computers into the curricula, The Supertanker and the Missle ‘Rate of change, American education maves like a superanker wallawing in turbulent water, Computer technology. ‘moves like a Satur rocket tearing seit ‘out of earth's gravity, American education ‘eeds to pull is bow into the swells and rake way agains the boaching cures. puters could help the on. missle? This is what Classroom Computer News Leal abaut — natroming the gap between ot American education needs to make way against the broaching currents, Computers could help provide the momentum, but how does one harness a missile? ‘educators and computer specialists. t's ‘rot about machines, but about people. i's ‘hot about technology, but about n ‘ideas to help youngsters prepare for the future, We're proud to share with you this first iseue, But we humbly ask your suggestions and help in the form of letters, programs and aniles to make future Issues even better, We'd like to see Classroom Computer News evalve as. dramatically as has the technology for ‘making marvelous machines out of silicon caysal: With your help, we know i will, Fhoto and Drawing Credits: page 5 — Stacey Bressler, page 8 — Mary Rothenbueltler; ages 15 & 16 — Bruce Wellman: pages 17 & 18 —H. P Wasterbooky. CONS On Line — More Questions than Answers In more and more school systems, school boards and Uncle Sam are giving ‘Apples to teachers. But the Apples, as well a the PETS, the TRS-80S and other micro- ‘Computers, raise many questions for edu. ators, How should children work with the new machinest How can media people keep the school’s new micros out of storage closets? What |s good educa tonal software? Where can teachors get itt ‘Can teachers write their own? To help Massachusets teachers and media specialists answer some of these ‘questions, Stacey Bressler of Metropolitan Educational Television organized a woek- long conference at the Mount Hermon ‘School near Greenfield, Mass last fly. ‘The teachers first problem, stid several speakers, Is defining what a comouter is, and perhaps more important, what itis Ft, in educational terms, Educators have long believed that teaching machines — fram Pressey’s 1926 Self Scoring Multiple Choice Device to Skinner's teaching ‘machines ofthe 50s and 60's — would radically improve teaching. When students got bored or support diap: eared, teachers became disappointed. ‘Though microcomputers are hundreds of times mote powerful than the old mechanical teaching machines and also ess expensive, they are nat a cure-all Teachers must carefully define what computers can do. 1 Korth, computer services sditector of the Putnamitiorth Westehester .0..C.E.5. offered one possible defn tion. The microcomputer is he sd, am instrament for wing. composing mur designing games ane simulating Netoreat ‘events or scence experiments: By ‘ellowing students associations ad ques tions about a subject, the eomputer can help children learn in a way never before possible. in effect, the computer could ‘hange education ae textbooks did 100 years 960. The ist yeors ol microcomputers in schools wall not be easy, however Suggested Daniel Wat, 2 mernber of Irs Project LOGO, Teachers wil have to both Team progvarie ate master tele machines Univesties are only now beginning compar science programs designed especilly for teachers Adapting new curricula wl be dificult 93 lon as schools ae being jvdbed by old patie Students who become good programmers: sill assume an Increased amount af power in thelr schools, possi threatening sonse teachers, ‘Bt perhaps the most serious probfem facing teaches isthe lack of good sot ware, Because ofthe problets with software, teachers vith new computers should aisume thit they wil have fo write Sorte ol thelr own ed conference pa that, with support from achministrati that teachers have fine to work In teachers wil be able fo write pood soft ‘ware, thought may lack the taney Sraphics routines that profesional Frorammers write Massachusetts teachers gathered around the micros during a week-long conference exploring what computers can and can't do in education, sICCN Media Librarian as Activist ‘Tomorrow's technologies ~ including “nie hones, election wdcocliscs — eight lit father than increase access to come uni: cation channels, bt the mecha israrian could belp counter that trend, believes ‘Arnos Vogel of the Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsyivai Speaking a a June institute on “Changing Techoalogy and the Me Librarian ofthe 80%,” Woe! said he foresees a future in which lange economic rests contra access to pubic chaaints resulting in a profusion of "video wal paper and fewer contoversial productions than are broadcast now, Such programming for “the lowest comman endoesinator wail limit people's access to Stimulating ideas, Ie sc ‘Vogel hopes that ibrariom will support on-carnmerical and controversial producers and artists by becoming Tepasitries for noo-popular and under. ground information sources, ‘Changing Technology and the Media bravia ofthe 80's,” sponsored by the Library and Information Technatony Association of the American Library ‘Association and by the Educational Film Library Asociation, preceded the 1980 “American Library Association Annual Conference in New York City. Computer Literacy Comes to TV the next year, various national Public television networks will present a Video seties 0” computer literacy, Stations and times of presertations will vary, The series, entitled “Adventures af the Mind,” Consists of sx, 15-minute lessons about computers and thoit uses: LESSON 1—How Computers Sone Personal Interest look at computers as personal tots) LESSON 2—Handivare and Soltware Computer Components and Function Udemication and description of the five hardware components ofa compaiter and of sofware systems and Applications) LESSON 3—Speaking the Language ‘Communication with the Computer (An tntreduction to: programming in BASIC) LESSON 4—Data Processing. Control, Design: Persnal Computer Applications (Ar istration ofthe three major clases ‘of computer applications) LESSON 5—for Better oF Worse: ‘Advantages and Disadvantages of Personal Computers (The potential benefits and problems to individuals and society in the computer age) LESSON 6—Extending the Reach! The Impact of Personal Computers on the individual Special people using _penonal computers to meet special needs and fo communicate eas) ‘Childcen’s Television Internationa la Virpinia-based educational network) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratry produced “Adventures of the Mind,” Radi Shack and The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society provided funding. For further information and local sch ling times, contact: Susan Dawson, Chil dren's Television International, Gne Sky” line Pace, Suite 1207, $208 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041; 703-379-2707. Best Yet to Come, Says Speaker In the noxt two to five years, the ricto- computer will become “ttendlier.” H will ‘speak when spoken to. it will wow its user ‘with 3-D graphics and realtime animations, hum the Bee Gees or Beethoven, Itwill hold more information, ‘communicate more easily with its fellow ‘machines and came in'sizes that will ‘make today’s micras look macro. ‘Ata tecent Baston Computer Society meeting, Vern Raybum, president of Microsoit Consumer Products, outlined these and other developments that will influence the classroom use of computers, Rayburn, whose firm supplies BASIC far almost every major microcomputer, sees the development of better software as the ‘numier one challenge facing the incsty, “Software defines tho personal com. puter,” he Said. But much available sof Ware Is hard 0 use and of low quality, making software the ajo element missing today fr sridesoread acceptance of the microcom, ‘Two trends should change this. First, programmers are beginning to “innovate rather than irate” By writing programs expressly for the microcomputer, not mimicing, thowe designed for larger machines, they ate taking maximum advantage of the ‘micro, especially the high level of Interactivity it offers, Manufacturers are ako starting to standardize programs so that ane piece of sofware wil service a variety of machines — a welcome change for the school that owns an assariment of PEs, Apples and TRS £0 As vitware improves, sa wil the ease of uusersmachine communication, Command inguages will sound more like English; joy sticks and light pins, which f ‘Vern Rayburn movement through a program, will be cheaper; and the computer will respond to spoken commands, though Rayburn says this “ultimate sep in making the Computer friendly’ is still about five years away. ‘AS for the machines themselves, some will be smaller and cheaper (a hand-held, $3200 model is. already on the market Commodore will soon introduce a §350 iachine featuring full color graphies); others, lke the Apple Il, will be full: feature machines, with such current extras .as floppy disks and maciems built in, Both ‘graphics and sound capabilities wil limprove, with real-time animation, 3-0 ‘graphics, and fall music and voice synthesis available, Equally exciting i the ‘move toward computer networking. ough which all the microcomauters in all the schools in a system could talk to ‘one another, combining tbeir enormous reasoning power and memories EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE TRS-80* HLEMENTARY ScuENCE GEOGRAFHY 80+ Programs In: man Blotocy wistoRY ACCOUNTING usiatss LD, MAING LABELS @ 7 programs pelced at $14.95 per Package Including shipping and han- Industry Continued from page # similar increases — Control Data reached the total 1979 siles figure inthe fist six ‘months of the year. Apple Computer Inc, whlch sells heavily to the erlucation mare et, has an annwal reparted growth rate of 50 percent. Radio Shack reports that last ‘Apel, May and June's sales together sled the sales forthe fst nine manths the previous year, Commadiore, Atari aand Exidy Computer report similarly impressive figuees. Excitement about the booming educa tional computing industry should be tempered by citcumspection, however, Just what resources ate the various micro and minicamputer manufacturers Committing to education? What rote are educators playing Witat do the answers to these questions imply for the future of ‘educational computing! Let's look at some of these companies and their commitment to education. Honeynett Honeywell produces minicomputer systems with educational applications. Honeywell software inclucies both a stu: ‘dent scheduling system called SCRIBE and a timeshare library for educators called EDINET, which includes tutorial, dill and simulation learning activities for children, Honeywell personnel are now working on A Version of the LOGO language fa ‘ment of teaching posi sci CCN '* Edo-Ware programs transtm your carpio a powerful teaching lol nota bv student toy. ‘© Intoraction with Edu-Ware systems develops student seit management of learsing Hyea or yor seb! empioy an Appts Computer and have tees! in quay CA. plase wile wx fo tet numatin «or atc Sheoa Stette 1213 346878, EDU-WARE SERVICES, INC. ZEUS5 Herat in Sly 23, Welt He CA 91367 Computer language developed expressly for educational use) for the Honeywell ‘minicomputer. In general, Honeywell's interest in education lies in minicomputer- bared time shaing stes ndin mtr. tional programs dealing with problem solving. They develop most of their software in-house with some fild testi 18M 18M has many general computer systems used in schools. The 4300 and 8100 mainframes are two examples. The software far these systems include a Excitement about the booming educational computing industry Should be tempered with circumspection — just who is doing what? student record-keeping program called EPIC and an instructional system called lneractive Instructional Sytem (5) Courseware for IS cassis of installed ser and field-tested programs in data Processing and in remedial math and English drill and practice. Again, IBM develops much of the software in-house, lasireetioes! rafterere systems ti maya ir ins meh Bese Digital The POP-11, POP-8 and VAX systems a the three Digital computers most -employed in education. Digital sells app ‘cations software for its systems but also thas a special education group which provides support to educators in several ‘ways. Fist this group develops tofware jointly with Digial systems users, A users ‘20up, Education Special interest Group {EDUSIG), contributes programs to Digital's education library. Programs (rom this library are then available to system ‘ers at a‘nominal cost In addition, Digital produces a quarterly magazine with aniclet by bath educators and Digh staff members, The magazine alo includ presentations af new Digital software and barahwar Control Bata Corporation Conitol Data developed PLATO, a

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