111ColumbiaStreet,NewYork,NY10002

2126775190

MR.MARVINCADORNIGARA,PBISTeacher

MEMBERWylieDituriCLASS6APERIOD3DATE5/29/16
MEMBERJamesThompsonCLASS6APERIOD3DATE5/29/16

LABORATORYREPORT:SCIENCEFAIRPROJECT
InfiniteWater,andItsConservation

INTRODUCTION

Thetopicpursuedwaswaterconservationandreuse.Thebiggestmotivatorsforpursuingthislineif
studyforthesciencefairprojectwastheawardwonatFutureCity.Wehadwontheawardfromsomething
thatwehadntactuallyfocusedonandthesciencefairgaveusthatopportunitytofocusonit.Sousingtape,
plasticandcardboardaworkingversionofourwatermanagementsystemtoseeifitcouldactuallywork,and
itdid.Themostimportantpartofourinventionwasthewatershooter.Ittookwaterfromabucketandsentit
intooursystemandthenbackoutintotherespectivebucket.Thematerialweusedtofilterthewaterwere
basiccarbonfiltersthatareusedinfishtanks.Wewouldalsoliketonotethatinarealsizemodelthesystem
wouldbepoweredbyageneratorthatallthestilldirtywateraftercleaningwouldgothroughbeforereturning
tothedirtywaterchamber.Sadly,thatwouldhavecostusupwardsof$350tomake.

Oursystemissimilartomanyoutthere,exceptforthefactthatitwouldactuallypoweritself.Itwould
alsobeaverysanitarysolutionwithverylittlerustablemetalconsideringmostofitcouldbemadewithpvc
pipingandliquidgelstokeepitgermfree.Ourpresentsystemismostlyjustpipesthattakewaterfromlakes
onaonewaytriptoourhouseandthentheocean.Thereisalreadyonly1%ofthewateronearththatwecan
actuallydrink,andwearethrowingmillionsofgallonsofitawayeveryday,forittoneverbedrunkagain.Itis
oneofthemostessentialthingstohumansurvival,anaveragehumanonlylivesfor3dayswithouthydration
anyway.Wetestedoursystemthroughpracticaltrials.Wewouldbuildaportion,testifitworkedandinthe
endweputeverythingtogetherandtestedit.Wehad5failedtrialsbeforewefinallygotittowork.Onceitdid
workthoughitworkedgreatandwecleanedawholegallonofwaterinaminuteandahalf.

Ourresearchhypothesisisthataselfpoweringwaterfiltrationsystemisplausibleandcouldgreatly
benefithumankind.Itisn'tastandardhypothesisbecausewecreatedaninventiontohelpthewholeof
humanity,notjusttoproveordisprovesomethingtohumanity.Oneofthemostinnovativepartsofour
inventionisthereactionturbine(TypesHydropowerTurbines).Areactionturbineisasetofbladeplacedin
awaterflowwhichpowerthemselvesfromthewater'smotion.Thatformofturbineistheonlyviableoption
becauseitcouldpoweritselfandtheplant.Thetubeswerebasicandhavebeenusedbyhumanssincethe
1800s.

Thescientificquestionis:Whenwaterflowsthroughafullreusalsystemthenitwillpoweritselfand
givecleanwatertoeveryoneattached.Thehypothesisis:ifwaterflowsthroughoursystem,thenthewater
willprovideenoughwaterfordrinkingandenoughtopoweritself.

Theconclusionsgatheredwereverypositive.Thesystemworkedwithminimalerror,onlyaboutaliter
ofleakinginalltestscombined.Thatoneliterisoutofatotaltwelveused.Wealsoconcludedthatthesystem
wouldbeviableinacitywideprogram.Thatisbecausethesystemcarriedmostofthewaterinitanditalso
cleanedmostofit.Alsomostofoursystemisbuilt,it'sjustbeingusedfordifferentpurposes,wewouldjust
havetorepurposealreadyexistingthings.

RESULTS

Theresearchproblemisreflectedthroughthetheconductoftheexperiment,becausetheexperiment
purposewastotestiftheinfinitewatersystemisplausible,andcanbeusedonalargescale.Throughthe
threetrials,itwasdiscoveredthatthesystemhadanumberofflaws.Thereasonafullwaterreusalsystem
hadtobetestedisbecausewaterisalimitedresource,onedayhumanswillexpendallofit.Ifasystemthat
neverwastedwatercametoexistthetimespentonthisplanetbyhumanscouldincreaseexponentially.Itis
alsoimportanttohelptheenvironmentnow,whichthiswillthroughnotdumpingdirtywaterintotheocean,
andlesseningleadpoisoning.
Theexperimentwasconductedthroughasetoftrials.Fivetestsweredone,withthelastbeingfully
successful.Eachtimethemachinestartedwithhalfaliterofwaterinthesystemandwewouldincreasethe
amountgraduallyuntilsomethingbroke.Thedatawasthenanalyzedandthemachinemodifiedbasedoffof
eachexperiment.Thedatacollectedfromthetrialledtothisconclusion:afullyreusablewatersystemis
viable,butitwouldrequirea24/7repairteam,andthousandsofdollarstomakeoneblockwidesystem.The
repairswereneededineachtrialandaftereachtrialfortheinvention,theonlytrialthatdidnotrequiresome
formofrepairwasthelastone,whichwasconcludedtobethesolution.Itwasalsoconcludedthatamaterial
tosoakupleakswasneeded,andthatrubbersealedwatergateswereneededtostopallleaking.Inall,
repairswouldbeextremelynecessaryandsowouldwaterproofing,noonewantsfecesintheirtapwater.This
isallshowninoursinglegraph=(1).
(caption:thisgraphshowsalloftheseparatedataforourproject.)
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11aNdjcf5WVstZu87BrgerQNnW5KpK3ERMPE8OwNsCoE/edit?usp
=sharing

DISCUSSION

Theresultsoftheexperimentvariedbecauseofchangesintheinvention.Thefirsttesthadmanyunthought
oferrorsthatwerelaterdealtwith.Asthetestsprogressedlesserrorsappearedandbythefifthandfinaltest
therewereveryfewerrorsintheinvention.Onthefifthtestmostofthewaterthatwentthroughthefilters
endedupclean,whichwasgood,butalsoposedaproblem:therewasn'tenoughdirtywaterlefttokeep
poweringahypotheticalwaterturbine.Fromtheresultsofourfifthtestitcanbeconcludedthatawater
filtrationsystemwouldneedbackupelectricity,incaseofnotenoughwater,tokeepitselfpowered,but
despitethattheysystemcouldbeusedonalargerscale.

Therearesomefactorsthatcouldhaveinfluencedtheresults.Thenumberonefactorwouldhavebeenthe
correctnessatgaugingwaterquality.Thatisbecausewiththematerialsprovidedthewaterhadtobetested
withlitmuspaperandtheninatimelymanner(sothatnothingwouldoverflow)thewatergatesliftedmanually.
Thatcausedsomelossinwaterwhileitwasbeingfiltered,buttherewasstillenoughtorecordresults.Bias
alsoprobablyplayedaroleinhowthedatawasinterpreted.Itisproventhatthehumanmindtriestohelp
promotethestateofanythingtheymade,orareclosetoweareveryselectiveindatainterpretation
(Caldwell).Thebestthatcouldbedonewiththematerialsprovidedwasdone,andthedatawasrecordedwith

aslittlebiasaspossible.

Advancesinscienceandtechnologyarethemostimportantforhumanity.Theyarewhatprovidesurvivaland
adaptabilitytonewgrounds.Withoutpreviousinnovationstheinventiondiscussedinthispaperwouldn'texist,
andnorwouldmanyoftheotherexperimentsindifferentlabreports.Yet,evenwiththeneedfornewthe
credibilityoftheoldmustalsobechecked.Somanystudiesareunconfirmedandyetstillendupalloverthe
tv.Therewasonespecificstudywhereittalkedaboutsomethingveryhightechandthenthenewsstations
thoughtthepaperonitwasreferringtofartsandcancersotheyreleasedthisheadline:FartscanCure
Cancer(JohnOliver).Ifastudyisneverredone,orthespecificresultsaren'tverifieditcannotbeconsidered
proven,whichiswhathappensalot.

Theonlyfuturetestsfortheinventiondiscussedinthispaperarelargerscaleones.Itcouldbeseenifthe
systemcouldcleanwaterforahouseforawholeweek,ormaybeavillage.Thefutureofsomethingcan'tbe
determinedbythewordsonapieceofpaper,butitcanbedeterminedbywhatisdonewiththosewordsona
pieceofpaper.

MATERIALSANDMETHODS

Theexperimentstartedwithablackplastic1ftby2fttray.Thencardboardrectanglesatheightsof1ft,8
inchesand4incheswereplacedinorderfromtallesttosmallest.Afterthatatubewasplacedontopofeach
pillarandtappedinplace.ThenaPolandspringwaterbottlewascutinhalfandgluedtothewithwaterproof
glue.Afterthatanotherwaterbottlewascutinhalfandoneofthehalveswasglueddowntocreatethe
locationthegateswouldbelocated.Thentwocircularinchholeswerecutintotheformerlymentioned
plasticandtubesweregluedintotheholestocarrythewaterintoitsrespectivearea.Insidethenowmade
capsuleacarbonfishtankwaterfilterwasgluedtotheendofthefirsttubecarryingthewaterintothecentral
area.Thenasetoffourspongeswereplacedinasquarebelowthemainareatostopanyleakingwaterfrom
damagingthepillarsandotherequipment.Thenthetwotubesthatfilteredwaterwereattachedtoabucket
labeled:cleanwater,andabucketlabeled:dirtywater.Thenawaterpipeaccelerator(itsendswaterup
pipeswithpressure)wasputinthedirtywaterbucketandhookeduptotheoriginaltubesendingwaterinto
thesystem.

Totestthewaterqualityofwaterinthemaincapsulelitmuspaperwasused.Ifthewaterwasevenasmidge
dirtyitwouldgothroughthesystemagain.

REFERENCES

"TypesofHydropowerTurbines."DepartmentofEnergy.DOE,n.d.Web.29May2016.

Caldwell,Kay,andAnitaAtwel."NonparticipantObservation:UsingVideoTapestoCollectDatainNursing
Research.":NurseResearcher:Vol.13,No.2(RCNi).RCNi,1Oct.2005.Web.29May2016.

Oliver,John."LastWeekTonightwithJohnOliver:ScientificStudies(HBO)."YouTube.HBO,8Mar.2016.
Web.29May2016.


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NAME__________________________________CLASS_____SCORE__________

LABORATORYREPORT:
AScienceFairProject

RUBRIC

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