1.

(. 1.1 1)
2.

(. 1.1 3)

 ()
3.

4.

Concept Map :

Digestive System

Reproductive System

Circulatory System

Respiratory System

Excretory System

1. (Digestive System)

(Complete digestion) :


2. (Incomplete digestion) :


1.

 (Digestive System)

1.1 :
3
:
:
:

Abomasum

*
3


1.Rumen

4.Abomasum

3.Omasum

2.Reticulum


1 ,
12

mutualism

 (Digestive System)
1.2 :
- 3

 (Digestive System)
-

Phylum Cnidaria
Hydra

Jelly fish

Sea anemone

coral

Gastrovascular

Phagocytosis


Pinocytosis

2. (Excretory System)
1.
(kidney)

www.vcharkarn.com/vcafe/82734/1

 (Homeostasis)

H2O (osmosis)
Hypertonic

Hypotonic

(active transport)

 (Excretory System)
2.


2.1 Cell membrane

 (Excretory System)
2.2 Flame cell
2

Flame cell

 (Excretory System)
2.3 Nephridium
1

Nephriopore
Nephriostome

 (Excretory System)
2.4 Malpighian tubule

3. (Circulatory System)

2

1. (closed circulatory system)

3. (Circulatory System)
1. (closed circulatory system)

3. (Circulatory System)
2. (Open Circulation System)

3. (Circulatory System)
2. (Open Circulation System)

4. (Respiratory System)
(Respiration)

(Diffusion)

4. (Respiratory System)

1.


2.

- (Gill)
(


)

)
3. 4.

(Respiratory
- System

4. 3

- (Lung Book)
4.1

- (Trachea)
4.2

4.3 - (Lung)

5. (Reproductive System)
2

1. (Sexual reproduction)

(sperm) (egg)

2. (asexual reproduction)

2
1. (asexual reproduction)
2. (sexual reproduction)
1. (Asexual reproduction)

1. (FISSION)

2
1.1 (BINARY FISSION)
2 4
1.2 (MULTIPLE FISSION)

 (binary fission) (a-b) (c-d)

(Miller and Harley, 2002)
http://web.nkc.kku.ac.th/118214/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=8

Asexual reproduction by multiple fission in Amphistegina

http://www.marine.usf.edu/reefslab/pages/photoalbum.html

http://web.nkc.kku.ac.th/118214/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=8

2. (BUDDING) (BUD)

(MARCHANTIA) (
)

(budding)

3. (FRAGMENTATION)

4. (REGENERATION)

5.

2.

1. 3
1.

(ISOGAMETE)
(Chlamydomonas) (ISOGAMY)
2.
(ANISOGAMETE) (ANISOGAMY)
(Pandorina) (Eudorina)
3.
(OOGAMY)
3 1 2
3

 ;
(A) Isogamete (B) Anisogamete (C) Oogamete
http://web.nkc.kku.ac.th/118214/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=8

2.
1.

()

2.

()


1.
(Microsporogenesis)
(anther)
pollen mother cell microspore mother
cell 2 2n
I II
4
n
1 (n)
1 2
generative nucleus (n) tube nucleus (n)

2. (Megasporogenesis) ovum
megaspore mother cell 2n
4
haploid n 3 1
megaspore megaspore 3
8 3
1 antipodal nuclei ( 3 )
2 poler nuclei ( 2 )
3 3
Micropyle egg nucleus
synergid nuclei

http://dragon.seowon.ac.kr/~bioedu/bio/ch22.htm

3.

(Fertilization in Plants)

- (stigma)
(pollination)
- pollen tube (style) embryo sac
- haploid 1 tube
nucleus generative nucleus
- generative nucleus sperm nucleus 2
- sperm nucleus egg nucleus zygote embryo (2n)
- sperm nucleus 2 polar nuclei
(endosperm) 3 3n
- 2
double fertilization

http://dragon.seowon.ac.kr/~bioedu/bio/ch22.htm

http://dragon.seowon.ac.kr/~bioedu/bio/ch22.htm

1. (spermatogenesis)
2. (Oogenesis)
3.
4
1. ISOLECITHAL EGG

2. MESOLECITHAL EGG

3. TELOLECITHAL EGG

4.CENTROLLECITHAL EGG

4.
1.

2.


(ZYGOTE)
4
1. CLEAVAGE 1 2 4 - 8 ...
(MORULA)
2. BLASTULA
BLASTOCOEL
BLASTODERM
3. GASTRULA BLASTULA
2
2 BLASTOCOEL
ARCHENTERON ARCHENTERON

GASTRULA

4. DIFFERENTIATION 3

3

Morula

Blastula

Gastrula

http://fai.unne.edu.ar/biologia/reproduccion/reprod3.htm

8
9
23
27

(interspecific breeding)
(genus)

(intergeneric breeding)

 (Parthenogenesis)

(DRONE)