NOTA RINGKAS KIMIA

ditujukan khas untuk junior ert form 5 this year

topic ~ carbon compound (fav spm) bab 2 form 5

alkane    - CnH2n + 2 (n = 1,2,3,....)

alkene    - CnH2n        (n = 2,3,4,....)
alchohol - CnH2n + 1 OH (n = 1,2,3,....)
carboxylic acid - CnH2n+1 COOH (n= 0,1,2,3...)
esters - CmH2M+1 C00H (m = 0,1,2,...) (n = 1,2,3...)

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WAJIB HAFAL

warna2 metal

Cu - brown
Cu0 - black
Zn0 -   when hot  : yellow , when cold : white
Mg0 -  when hot : brown , when cold : yellow
Pb0 - when hot : brown , when cold : yellow

Fe2+ ~ pale green

Fe3+ ~ brown / pale yellow

* all metal shiny grey but/ except Cu !!!

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WAJIB TAU !

CATION

KALAU                           - K+  (POTASSIUM)

NAK                                - Na+ (SODIUM)
KAWIN                           - Ca2+ (CALCIUM)
MESTI                            - Mg2+ (MAGNESIUM)
ADA                                - Al3+ (ALUMINIUM)
ZAKAT                           -  Zn2+ (ZINC)
FITRAH                         - Fe2+ (IRON)
SUPAYA                        - Sn2+ (TIN)
PERKAHWINAN          - Pb2+ (LEAD)
HALAL                           - H+ (HYDROGEN)
CUKUP                         - Cu2+(COPPER)
ASYIK                            - Ag+ (SILVER)

ANION

FAIZOL                         - F-  (FLUORINE)

SOLEH                         - S04 2-  (SULPHURIDE)
NOK                              - N03 - (NITROGEN)
CARI                              - Cl-    (CLORINE)
BINI                                - BR-  (BROMINE)
ISTERI                           - I-      (I0DINE)
ORG                              - 0H-  (HYDROXIDE)

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BAB 7 - ACID N BASES FORM 4

ACID
WEAK ACID - CH3COOH
which ionises partially  to form lower concentration of H+

STRONG ACID - H2SO4 , HCl , HNO3

which ionises completely to form higher concentration of H+

ACIDIC PROPERTIES
~ PH < 7
~ BLUE LITMUS PAPER TURNS RED

ACID + BASE   ------> SALT + H20

ACID + METAL ----------> SALT + H20
ACID + CARBONATE ------------> SALT + H20 + C02

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ALKALI

WEAK ALKALI- NH4+

which ionises partially to form lower concentration of  0H-

STRONG ALKALI - KOH , NaOH

which ionises completely to form higher concentration of OH -

ALKALINE PROPERTIES
~ PH > 7
~ RED LITMUS TURNS BLUE

ALKALI + ACID ------------> SALT + H2O

ALKALI + METAL ION -----------------> METAL HYDROXIDE
ALKALI + AMMONIUM SALT --------------> SALT + H20 + NH3