Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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FOR CITIZENS WORLDWIDE

A CIVISEC PROJECT

The Citizen Lab

The University of Toronto
September, 2007
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
cover illustration by Jane Gowan
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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3
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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4
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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jzwfawmufr_ ausmfvìm;Ekdifonfh enf;ynmrsm;ESifh rdwfqufay;&ef &nf&G,fygonf?
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5
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

vufawG@urBmrS erlemjzpf&yfrsm;

Internet content filtering practices vary widely by country.

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6
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

rdwfqufed'gef; (tquf)

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&&SdokH;pGJEkdifa&;twGuf tpdk;&rS pdppfydwfqdk@aer_rsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;jcif;jzifh tajccH
vl@tcGifhta&;rsm; ydkifqdkif&ef=udK;pm;vm=uonf?

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wpfOD;csif;. xl;jcm;tcuftcJrsm;/ tajctae ESifh uírf;usifr_ ponfwkd‹udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; &ayrnf?
7
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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enf;ynmrsm;oHk;pGJolavm

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a&G;cs,frnfqdkv#if yHhydk;olaum/ oHk;pGJolyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; &rnfhtcsufrSm 4if;wdkŒ.oD;oef@tajctaetwGuf
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ponfhtcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;oHk;oyf+yD; owd&Sd&Sdav;av;eufeufjzifh a&G;cs,foifhonf?
tifwmeufpdppfjywfawmufr_rsm;udk jzwfausmfvdkaom oHk;pGJolrsm;twGuf ajrmufrsm;pGmaom enf;ynmrsm;
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a&G;cs,f&mwGif toHk;jyKolESifh yHhydk;ol ESpfzufpvHk; a,bl,spOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;udk t=urf;zsOf;azmfjyvdkufygonf?

okH;pGJolrsm; yHhydk;ol

oifonf ausmfv$m;jcif;e
nf;ynmrsm;oHk;pGJolavm
odk@r[kwf yHhydk;olavm/

8
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmoHk;pGJvdkolrS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (bmvJ/ b,frSmvJ/ b,fvdkvJ)
tifwmeufrS owif;tcsuftvufrsm;odk@
0ifa&mufvdkygovm;? odk@r[kwf
tifwmeufwGif owif;tcsufrsm;udk
jzef@a0vdkygovm;?
tifwmeufudk udk,fydkifuGefysLwmuae
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trsm;ydkifuGefysLwmuae
0ifa&mufwmvm;
ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;
(cont'd)
tifwmeufay:rS wm;jrpfxm;aom ta=umif;t&mrsm;tm; 0ifa&muf =unfh&_
jcif;onf 4if;wdk@tm; jzef@a0jcif;ESif@qufpyfaeaomfjim; rwlnDonfhtcsufrSm
toHk;jyKoltwGuf &if;ESD;pGef@pm;&r_/ enf;AsL[mESifh enf;ynmwdk@jcm;em;pGmyg0if
aejcif;jzpfonf? tGefvdkif; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk jzef@a0Edkif&ef tifwmeuf
pDppfjzwfawmufr_rsm;udk ausmfv$m;vdkolrsm;twGuf t}uHay;vrf;n$efcsufrsm;udk
oD;jcm;jyKpkxm;ygonf?
tifwmeufo@kd rdrt d rd rf S (od@k ) tifwmeufuaz;qdik w f pfc.
k uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH rS (od@k )
trsm;ydik pf m=unfw h u kd rf S ponfjzifh 0ifa&mufyakH y: rlwnfI pOf;pm;&rnft h csurf sm;
uGmjcm;Edik yf gonf? ausmv f m$ ;jcif;twGuv f nf; jzpfEikd af jcrsm;pGm ay:xGuEf ikd yf gonf?
Oyrm - trsm;qdik u f eG yf sLwm (od@k ) tifwmeuf uaz;qdik w f pfqikd f rSwqif@
tifwmeuf odŒk 0ifa&mufonfqykd gp@kd ? oift h aejzifh aqm@z0f rJ sm; xnfo h iG ;f
wyfqifjcif; raqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nfh tjyif aqm@z0f q J ikd &f mvkyif ef;rsm; twGuf
udvk nf; uef@owfc&H ayrnf? rdru d 0ufbq kd =f unf&h j_ cif; (HTTP) udo
f u k m
aqmif&u G f vdak omfvnf; tjcm;vlrsm;u tD;ar;vkyif ef;rsm; (SMTP) /
pmwGaJ jymif;a&$@jcif; (FTP) wd@k vyk cf si=f uayrnf? xd@k a=umif@vnf; 4if;wd@k EpS o f uf&m
aqmhz0f x J nfo h iG ;f wyfqifjcif;/ uGeyf sLwmtjyiftqifrsm; pdww f ikd ;f us csed n f jdS cif;wd@k
jyKvky=f uayrnf? tifwmeuftoH;k jyK&m trsm;qdik af e&mrsm;wGif cGirhf jyKaomfvnf;
ud,k yf ikd u
f eG yf sLwmwGirf l pdw}f uKd uf aqm@z0f rJ sm;udk a&G;cs,w f yfqifxm;Edik o f nf?
od@k aomf Tod@k aqmif&u G jf cif;onfvnf; tjcm;aom pGe@f pm;&if;ES;D r_rsm;od@k
OD;wnfv#u&f o dS nf? tb,fah =umifq h akd omf oifu h eG yf sLwmwGif ausmv f m$ ;Edik af om
enf;ynmrsm;oH;k pGx J m;a=umif; oufaotaxmuftxm;cdik v f akH e+yDjzpf&m
wm0ef&ydS *k Kd~ vfwpfO;D OD;u awGŒoGm;cJ@v#if tjypf'%fEiS hf &ifqikd &f ayawmhrnf?
trsm;qdik t f ifwmeufXmersm;wGif trnfrahJ qmif&u G vf yk uf ikd Ef ikd af omfvnf;
ud,
k yf ikd u
f eG yf sLwmrsm;wGirf l xdo
k @kd rjzpfEikd af cs? rnfo@kd qakd p tcsKd Œaom trsm;qdik f
tifwmeufXme rsm;onfvnf; vma&mufo;kH pGo J rl sm;taeESihf ywfoufI
oufaocHtaxmuftxm;rsm; awmif;cHwwf=u+y;D aqmif&u G o f nfv h yk if ef;wdik ;f
udv
k nf; apmif=h unfah vh&=dS uonf? tifwmeuf pDppfjzwfawmufrt _ m;
jzwfausmjf cif;udk tdrrf jS zpfap trsm;qdik Xf mewpfcrk S jzpfapaqmif&u G &f mY
ta&;}u;D onfrmS yHyh ;kd ay;xm;onfh 0efaqmifrE_ iS hf ywfoufI pnf;urf;oabmwl
owfrw S cf surf sm;udk tjynft h 0em;vnfxm;zd@k vakd yonf?
9
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmoHk;pGJvdkolrS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;
&,ljcif; (odkOE) jzefOEa0jcif;twGuf
EdkifiHjyifyrS ,kH=unfpdwfcs&olwpfOD;ESifh
qufoG,fr_rsm; (odk@) jzpfEdkifacsrsm;
&Sdygovm;? (Oyrm- rdwfaqGrsm;/
rdom;pk0ifrsm;/ vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;)
tifwmeufay:rS owif;tcsuftv
ufrsm;&,ljcif; (odkŒ) jzefŒa0jcif;twGuf
tzJG@tpnf;wpfckxHwGif oifh,Hk=unfr_udk-
tyfESHygrnfavm
10
ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;
tifwmeuf pDppfjzwfawmufr_rsm;udk ausmfv$m;onfqdk&mY
qifqmjzwfawmufa'o. jyifyrS uGefysLwmwpfvHk;ESifhcsdwfquf&r_vJ
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(odk@) tzGJ@ESifh&if;ESD;,Hk=unfr_ &Sdr&SdqdkonfhudpPrSm tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf?
tifwmeuf pDppfjzwfawmufr_udk ausmfv$m;oltrsm;pkonf emrnf}uD;
(proxy) uGefysLwmrsm;udk toHk;jyKavh&Sdonf? odk@aomf xdkuGefysLwmrsm;ESif@
csdwfqufxm;onfh owiftcsuftvufrsm;udk yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;jzifh
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ausmfv$m;jcif; enf;ynmyHhydk;rnfhol (odk@) tzGJ@tpnf;onf oiftjynfht0
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a&&SnfusifhoHk;Edkifayrnf?
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ausmfv$m;jcif; enf;ynmrsm;udk tca=u;aiGjzifh yHhydk;ay;aeonfh pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;rsm;pGm&Sdygonf? xdktca=u;aiGudk wwfEkdifonfqdkygu xdkyHhydk;olrsm;.
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yHhydk;olrsm; udk,fwkdifu oifhudkod&Sdaeao;a=umif; rarhoifhyg? xdktjyif
Oya'a=umif;t& twif;tusyf ckdif;apvmcJhonf&Sdaomf xdkyHhydk;olrsm;onf
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xkwfazmfzGifh[=urnfrSm trSefyifjzpfonf?
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;

ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmokH;pGJolrS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; ('gawGudkodygp)

oif. enf;ynm u|rf;usifr_ tqifh oif.enf;ynm u|rf;usifr_ tqifhjrifhavav/ ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmrsm;

rnfr#&SdygovJ/ uGefysLwmokH;pGJ&mwGif
oif.tqifhtwef;udk ynmoif/
tv,ftvwfpm;/ ynm&Sif
rnfodk@owfrSwfxm;ygovJ?
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ponfwdk@onf ‚if;wdk@twGuftvGefcufcJaeonf? rnfr#¶_yfaxG;eufeJonfh
aqmhzf0JrsdK;jzpfaeygap/ tcsdef,lavhvmygu okH;pGJwwfoGm;rnfrSefaomfjim
aqmhzf0JxnfhoGif;jcif;ESifh ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmwdk@udk rSefuefpGmrokH;pGJwwf
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rnfonfh bmompum;rsKd; ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmtcsKd@onf ‚if;wdk@. enf;pepfrluGJrsm;/

okH;pGJxm;jcif;udk =udKufygovJ?
enf;ynmrsm;udk tokH;jyK&mwGif
t*Fvdyfr[kwfbJ tjcm;bmompum;
okH;zdk@vdktyfygovm;?
okH;pGJolvrf;!Gefrsm;udk tjcm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh azmfjywwf=uaomfvnf;
trsm;pkurl !Gef=um;csufrsm;udk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifhom a&;om;
xm;wwf=uonf? tu,fIoifokH;aeaom okH;pGJolvufpGJonf bmomjyef
xm;jcif;jzpfygu okH;pGJaeonfh aqmhzf0Jrl&if;ESifh vkH;0udkufnDa=umif;
aocsmzdk@vdkygonf? xdkESpfrsdK;rSm wpfcgw&HwGif udkufnDr_r&Sd=uay?

11
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;

ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynm okH;pGJolrS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (pdwfcs&r_ESifh v#dKŒ0SufvkH+cHKr_)

oifaexdkif&mwdkif;jynf. vkH+cKHa&;udk wm;jrpfxm;aomta=umif;t&mrsm; txl;ojzifh EkdifiHawmf. vkH+cKHa&;udk

xdyg;vmEkdifonf[k ,lq&aom tvGef
tEœ&,f}uD;aomta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
0ifa&muf=unfh¶_aeygovm;?
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}uD;av;pGmazmufzsufjcif;jzpfonf? oifonf azmfjyygta=umif;
t&mrsm;ukd ykHrSef0ifa&muf &,laewwfoljzpfygu oifhta=umif;udk
vkH+cHKpGm uG,f0Sufay;xm;onfh v#dK@0Sufpdwfcs&r_t&SdqkH; ausmfv$m;jcif;
enf;ynmudk okH;yg? okd@aomf okH;&vG,fuljcif;ESifh v#dKŒ0SufvkH+cKHr_
wdk@=um;wGif tay;t,lvkyf+yD; csdef!Sd&p+rJjzpf&m qkH;¶_H;r_tenf;qkH;jzpfap&ef
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tifwmeuf pdppfjzwfawmufr_rsm;udk oifhtpdk;&. owdxm;apmifh=unfh&rnfh olrsm;pm&if;wGif xnfhoGif;xm;aom

ausmfv$m;jcif;rsm;twGuf zrf;qD;cH&jcif;rsdK; emrnf}uD;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqHaqmif&Gufr_rsm; oifhrSm &Sdaeyg
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tpnf;rsm;ESifh ywfouf qufqHr_rsm;&Sdaeygu oifonfvnf; tpdk;&.
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olrsm;pm&if;wGif xnfhoGif;xm;aom enf;ynmrsm; okH;pGJ&mwGif ydkIowdxm;a&G;cs,f&ayrnf? oif.v_yf&Sm;r_
emrnf}uD;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqH rsm;udk tjrJrjywf apmifh=unfhaeonf? oif.uGefysLwmonfvnf; tcsdefra&G;
aqmif&Gufr_rsm; oifhrSm&Sdaeygovm;? odrf;qnf;cH&Ekdifonf[k rSwf,lxm;&ayrnf? rdrduGefysLwmtwGif;odk@
aqmhzf0J xnfhoGif;&efvdkonfh ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmrsKd;udk a&Smif=uOfyg?
jzpfEkdifv#if tifwmeufcsdwfquf&mY txifu&r[kwfaom tifwmeuf
uaz;trsdK;rsdK;udk vnfhywfokH;pGJoifhygonf?

www.

12
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmokH;pGJolrS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (rdrdta=umif;)
oifhta=umif;udk tGefvdkif;ay:rS
umuG,fxm;jcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfwr#
ta&;}uD;ygovm;? tifwmeufodk@
0ifa&mufvSnfhywf=unfh¶_@&mwGif
odk@r[kwf jzef@a0&mwGif oifhudk,foif
zkH;uG,fxm;vdkygovm;?
ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;
ausmfv$m;jcif;ESifh zkH;uG,fjcif;onfrwlnDyg? zkH;uG,fay;jcif;enf;pepfonf
oifhta=umif;/ oifcsdwfqufxm;onfh 0ufbfqdk'frsm;ESifh tqdkygzkH;uG,f
ay;jcif;enf;pepfudk,fwkdifuyif rod&SdEkdifatmif umuG,fay;xm;ygrnf?
‚if;enf;pepfrsm;udk ausmfv$m;&mwGifvnf;okH;Ekdifygonf? odk@aomf
T&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh zefwD;xm;jcif;r[kwfojzifh tvG,fwul ydwfqkd@
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enf;ynmyHhydk;olrS rod&Sdap&efawmhjzifh umuG,fay;rnfr[kwfay?
vltrsm;pko;Hk pGaJ e=uonfh proxies rsm;udk zk;H uG,rf p_ epfrsm;ESihf ra&moifyh g?
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wfcsufrsm;udk tjynfht0em;vnfxm;&ygrnf?
tGefvdkif;ay:wGifrdrdudk,fudk vlrodap&bJ v#dKŒ0SufpGmjzef@a0Ekdifap&ef
enf;AsL[majrmufjrm;pGm &Sdaeygonf? tGefvdkif;wGif jzef@a0jcif;twGuf
ausmfv$m;enf;rsm; vrf;!$efudk Citizen Lab uoD;jcm; jyKpkay;xm;ygonf?
xdktxJwGif trnfrazmfbJ jzef@a0jcif; u¾yg0ifygonf?
YOU
ARE
HERE
13
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;

ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmyHhydk;olrsm;rS pOfpm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (v#dKŒ0SufvkHjcHKr_onf t"du)

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;&,ljcif;/ vGwfvyfpGmajymqkdjcif; ponfh tajccHvl@tcGifta&;rsm;&&Sdap&ef ausmfv$m;jcif;

enf;ynmwpfckwnfaqmif+yD; tjcm;olrsm;tm; jzef@a0ulnDay;jcif;onf tvGefrGefjrwfaomvkyfief;jzpfygonf?
}uD;av;aomwm0efrsm;ESifh tav;teufpOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;&Sdaea=umif;udkvnf; owdjyK&ygrnf? xdk@xufydkI
ta&;}uD;onfrSm oif.enf;ynmudk okH;pGJolrsm; v#dKŒ0Suf vkH+cHKr_&Sda&;udk t"duOD;pm;ay;pOf;pm;&efjzpfonf?

oif.enf;ynmu|rf;usifr_ ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmqkdif&mqmAmwpfck wnfaqmif0efaqmifr_

tqifhrnfr#&SdygovJ? uGefysLwmokH;pGJr_
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enf;pepfwGif tcsdKŒudkpdwfwdkif;us jyKjyifzefwD;Edkifayrnf? tcsdKŒaomausmfv$m;
jcif;enf;ynmrsm;wGif wdus&Sif;vif;+yD; tokH;0ifonfh okH;pGJenf;vrf;!Gefrsm;
&Sd=uaomfvnf; tcsdKΠryg=uay? rdrd.u|rf;usifr_tqifhESifhudkufnDaomenf;
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tom;wus rwyfqifrdv#if xkdpepfudk okH;pGJolrsm;. v#dKŒ0SufvkH+cHKr_udk
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aom enf;ynmrsm;udk okH;pGJrdygu pdppfjzwfawmufcHa'orsm;rS okH;pGJolrsm;
twGuf taESmuft,Sufjzpf+yD; tEœ&,fay;Ekdifojzifh oif.enf;pepfonf
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;&ef vG,fula=umif; oifudk,fwkdifuaocsmzdk@vdkayonf?

14
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmyHhydk;olrsm;rS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (oif.enf;pepfudk okH;pGJrnfholrsm;)
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nmyHhydk;&ef&nf&G,fxm;aom okH;pGJolOD;a&
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v_dif;tus,frnfr#&SdygovJ?
okH;pGJolrsm;udk oifhuGefysLwmESifh
csdwfqufr_rS wpfqifh rnfonfh
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‚if;wdk@. 0ifa&mufaeaom odk@r[kwf
jzef@a0aeaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk
odxm;vdkygovm;? ‚if;wdk@oGm;vm
v_yf&Sm;cJhonfh rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufI
bmqufvkyfrnfenf;?
ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;
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ta&twGufonf oifhuGefysLwm vkyfief;aqmif&GufEkdifr_pGrf;&nfESifh tjrefE_ef;
wdk@udk xdckdufEkdifygonf? oifhvkyfief;udkomru ausmfv$m;jcif; enf;ynm
okH;pGJolrsm;. vkyfief;udkyg xdcdkufjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf? cGifhjyKonfhOD;a&rsm;
vmonfESifh tr# ‚if;wdk@. tokH;csr_rsm;udk ppfaq;=unfh¶_&ef (vdktyfv#if)
ESifh‚if;wdk@.rSwfwrf;rsm;udk xdef;odrf;}uD;=uyf&efydkI ¶_yfaxG;vmayrnf?
xdk@a=umifh oifESifh oifhuGefysLwmwdk@. pGrf;tm;&SdoavmufESifh nDr#aom
okH;pGJolOD;a&udkom cGifhjyKoifhygonf?
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynm0efaqmifr_wpfckwnfaxmifxm;jcif;onf
T0efaqmifr_rSwpfqifhaqmif&GufcJhaom tokH;csr_tm;vkH;udk
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okH;pGJolrsm;tm; rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvufrsdK;udk &,lcGifh odk@r[kwf
jzef@a0cGifhay;rnfqdkonfh vkyfydkifcGifhudkvnf;&&Sdapygonf? ausmfv$m;jcif;
enf;ynmtcsdKŒonf Ttm;omcsufudk tjcm;olrsm;xuf ydkrdkvGwfvyf
ayghyg;ap&ef zefwD;xm;wwf=uonf? tqdkyg tjcm;enf;ynmrsm;
qdkonfrSm okH;pGJolrsm;. v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufor#udk oifhuGefysLwm
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owif;tcsuftvufrsdK;udk =unfh¶_rnf/ odrf;xm;rnf/ z,f&Sm;rnfqdkonfudkrl
oifudk,fwdkifqkH;jzwfa&G;cs,f&ayrnf? owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk zsufodrf;
vdkufonfqdkaomjim; oJvGefpusefaewwfao;ojzifh zsufrnfqdkv#ifvnf;
pepfwus zsufqD;oifhygonf? tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&v#if okH;pGJolrsm;u
oifhuGefysLwmay:wGif csefxm;&pfonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
ywfoufI oif.vkyfief;aqmif&GufykH pHykHpH owfrSwfcsufESifh oif.
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmudk tokH;jyKI rnfonfhudpPrsdK;udk okH;pGJolrsm;
aqmif&GufEkdifa=umif; }udKwiftoday;xm;&ygrnf? okH;pGJolrsm;ESifh
qufoG,faqmif&Guf&mwGif &Sif;vif;wdusaom rl0g'&Sdygap?
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
15
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynm yHhydk;olrsm;rS pOf;pm;&rnfhtcsufrsm; (&if;ESD;pGef@pm;&r_rsm;)
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmrsm;0efaqmif
ay;&jcif;a=umifh v#dKŒ0SufvkH+cHKr_ESifh
Oya'a=umif;wdk@tm;jzifh rnfodk@aom
&if;ESD;pGef@pm;&jcif;rsKd;&Sdaeygoenf;?
Todk@aom vkyfief;rsdK;udk oifcsdwfquf
xm;aom tifwmeuf0efaqmifr_Xme
odk@r[kwf tpdk;&rS uef@owfxm;ygovm;?
16
ausmfvìm;jcif;enf;ynmudka&G;cs,fjcif;
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jzpfEkdifajcenf;aomfvnf; jzpfvmEkdifonfh wpfckwnf;aom tusdK;qufrSm
oif.0efaqmifr_rsm; yHhydk;xm;onfhEkdifiHrS apv$wfxm;aom
jynfypkHaxmufrsm;u oifhudk ypfrSwfwpfcktjzpf owfrSwfvmEkdifjcif;yif?
ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;ynmrsm; 0efaqmifay;jcif;a=umifh oif.
tifwmeuf0efaqmifr_Xme ESifh oifhEkdifiH. tpdk;&wdk@rS csrSwfvm=urnfh
vkH+cHKa&;ESifh Oya'a=umif;t& &if;ESD;pGef@pm;&r_rsm;udkaumif;pGmoabmayguf
xm;&ayrnf?
vufawG@urBmrS erlemjzpf&yfrsm;
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ a*smf*sD,mjynfe,f/ twWvEœm+rdK@wGifaexdkifol ,GrfvD. aetdrfodk@
trnfrodyk*~dKvfrsm;u 2006 ckepf azazmf0g&Dv (8) &uf eHeuf 11;15 wGif t=urf;zuf
pD;eif;0ifa&mufcJh=uonf? ,GrfvDtm; csKyfaESmif ¶kdufESuf+yD;v#if ‚if;ydkifqdkifonfh vufyfawmh
uGefysLwmrsm;ESifh pmwGJrsm;udk ,laqmifoGm;=uonf? y&ifpwefwuUodkvfrS owif;tcsuftvuf
enf;ynmu|rf;usifolESifh zmvifa*gif;toif;.acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfol ,GrfvDonf w¶kwfEkdifiH.
bmoma&;ESifh ywfoufaom [pfwkdif0uffbfqdk'frsm;udk tar&duef jynfaxmifpkrSaeIa&;om;ay;
cJhonf? w¶kwfjynftwGif;rS okH;pGJolrsm;uvnf; tpdk;&. ydwfqdk@r_rsm;udk jzwfausmfI
xdk0ufbfqdk'frsm;Y owif;tcsuftvufrsm; zwf¶_jcif;/ v$ifhwifjcif;wdk@jyKvkyfcJh=u
onf? Tjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufIckdifvkHaomf taxmuftxm;rsm; r&Sdaomvnf;
tqdkygt=urf;zuf yk*~dKvfrsm;onf rdrd.0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;tm; zsufqD;&ef w¶kwftpdk;&rS
apv$wfvkdufaomolrsm; jzpf&rnf[k ,GrfvDu,kH=unfxm;onf?
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm;

0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm; qdkonfrSm oD;oef@a&;qGJxm;aom 0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;yifjzpfonf?

tokH;jyKolrsm;taejzifh rdrdtvdk&Sdonfh vdyfpmwpfckudk xnfhoGif;vkdufonfESifhrdrd=unfh¶_vkdaom0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;udk
0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm;u &,lay;ygvdrfhrnf? tqdkygenf;pepfrsm;onf wm;jrpf0ufbfqdk'frsm;rS
ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk okH;pGJol=unfh¶_Edkif&ef azmfjyay;jcif;jzpf&m xdk0ufbfqdk'frsm;ESifh okH;pGJolt=um; qufoG,fr_
r&Sdawmhay? vltrsm;okH;pGJ=uonfh ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm;. 0ufbfqdk'fvdyfpmrsm;rS emrnf=uD;ae+yDjzpf&m
tifwmeufpdppfydwfqdk@r_aqmhzf0Jtrsm;pkonf ‚if;wdk@ydwfqdk@&rnfh 0ufbfqdk'frsm;pm&if;wGif xdkvdyfpmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
xm;=u+yD;jzpfonf? EkdifiHtrsm;pkuvnf; wpfwkdif;jynfvkH;twdkif;twmjzifh xdkvdyfpmrsm;udk pdppfydwfqdk@xm;onf?
jynfywGif ,kH=unftm;xm;avmufolr&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;tzdk@ 0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm;onf
(ydwfqdk@xm;jcif; rcH&ao;v#if) taumif;qkH;a&G;cs,fr_yifjzpfonf?

rSwfcsuf? ? 0ufbftajccHausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepftcsdKŒonf v#dKŒ0Suf

zkH;uG,fv_yf&Sm;olrsm;[k trnfwyfa=umfjimaomfvnf; trsm;pkrSm
r[kwf=uacs? tcsdKŒrSm v#dKŒ0Sufpmrsm;jzifha&;om;xm;onfh0ufbfqdk'frsm;
udk https jzifhpwifazmfjyavh&Sda=umif; rSwfom;xm;&efjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif
‚if;0ufbfqdk'frsm;udk oauFwjyK&mwGifvnf; uGefysLwm.0ufbfqdk'frsm;
=unfh¶_&efae&mYaomhtyGifhykHpHav;rS aomhtydwfykHpHav;okd@ajymif;oGm;jcif;
jzifh azmfjywwfygonf? oifoGm;a&mufvdkaom 0ufbfqdk'frsm;ta=umif;udk
v#dKŒ0Sufpmjzifha&;om;jcif;rjyKbJ omrmeftwdkif; awmif;qdkrnfqdkygu oif.
aetdrfokH; odk@r[kwf ¶kH;okH; Router rSwpfqifh tifwmeuf 0efaqmifr_
Xmeodk@ ydk@v$wf&mvrf;wpfav#mufwGif ay;ydk@r_udk vrf;ckvwfrS tvG,fwul
jzwf,lEkdifygonf?

0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm; pm&if;

Proxify
https://proxify.com/

StupidCensorship
https://stupidcensorship.com/

Proxify ESifh Stupid Censorship wdkŒonf vSdKŒ0Sufapwwfaom trsm;okH; 0ufbftajccH

ausmfv$m;jcif; enf;pepfrsm; jzpf}uygonf? ydwfqkdŒr_rsm;&Sdaom EdkifiHwpfckwGif&Sdonfh
okH;pGJol wpfOD;onf ,ck 0ufbfqdk'fwpfckudk &dk;&Sif;pGm 0ifa&mufEdkifonfhtjyif
olwdkŒ. oGm;vdk&mudk xnfhoGif;Edkifonf? ,ck 0efaqmifrSKrsm;udk vltrsm;okH;pGJ=uojzifh
wdkif;jynftrsm;tjym;wGif ydwfqdkŒaomaqmhzf0Jrsm;tokH;jyKI txufyg0efaqmifrSKrsm;
ydwfqdkŒjcif;cHcJh}u&ygonf?
17
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfrsm; pm&if;

CGIProxy
http://www.jmarshall.com/

CGIProxy onf 0ufbt f ajccH ausmv f m$ ;jcif;enf;pepf ok;H pGo J l trsm;pk ok;H pGoJ nfh pepfwpfck
+zpfygonf? ud, k yf ikd o
f ;Hk 0ufbt f ajccH ausmv f m$ ;jcif;enf;pepfrsm;onf uGeyf sLwmwpfv;Hk udk
ud,k yf ikd of ;Hk 0ufbpf mrsuEf mS rsm;udk &,lEikd pf rG ;f &Sod nfh pum;0Suq f mAmtjzpfoŒkd ajymif;vJ
aponft h jyif &yfa0;&Sd ok;H pGo J rl sm;udk 0ufbpf mrsuEf mS rsm;jyoygonf? ud, k yf ikd o
f ;Hk 0ufbf
ausmv f m$ ;jcif;enf;pepfwiG f yHyh ;kd ol/ wyfqifay;olEiS hf jzwfawmufjcif; r&Sad omae&mwGif
pwifay;olEiS hf jzwfawmufjcif;cH&aom ok;H pGo J rl sm; yg0ifonf? ausmv f m$ ;jcif;enf;
pepfukd yHyh ;kd olonf ,k}H unfrKS udk tajccHaomvlrq _S ufo, G af &;owif;uGe, f uf ESihf
ud,k yf ikd (f oD;oefŒ) qufo, G af &;wdŒk udk rsm;jym;wd;k yGm;vmaponft h jyif ,if;wdŒk udk
jzwfawmufyw d qf Œkd olrsm;u &SmazG&efEiS hf ydwq f Œkd jcif;wdŒk udk jyKvky&f ef cufcaJ pygonf?

psiphon
http://psiphon.ca

psiphon onf omrefuGefysLwmwpfvkH;udk udk,fydkifokH; rnfonfhae&mrS rqdk0ufbfp

mrsufESmrsm;udk &,l+yoEdkifpGrf;&Sdaom pum;0SufqmAmtjzpfodkΠajymif;vJay;ygonf?
owif;ydwfqdk‹ jzwfawmufjcif;r&Sdaomwdkif;jynfwGif aexdkifaomyk*~dKvfonf
Taqmhzf0Judk ul;,l+yD; uGefysLwmwGif wyfqifxm;yg? psiphon onf tcrJh&,lokH;pGJEkd
ifaomykHpHjzifh vif;epf ESifh 0if;'dk; rluGJrsm;tjzpf &&SdEkdifygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jonf tvGe-
fwdusI vdkufygvkyfaqmif&ef vG,fulaom tokH;jyKol twGuf vrf;n$efcsufvnf;
yg0ifygonf? uGeyf sLwmudk Router ESihf wGzJ ufo;Hk pGrJ nfqykd gu tcsKd ‹aomtcsut f vufrsm;udk
xnfhoGif;jyifqif&efvdktyfygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Judk wyfqif+yD;ygu Taqmhzf0Judk yHhydk;olu
owif;ydwfqdk@jzwfawmufonfh e,fajrtwGif;aexdkifokH;pGJolrsm;udk csdwfqufr_ES-
ifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&SdEdkifonfh vkH+cKHrSKt&SdqkH;enf;jzifh
ay;ydkŒygonf? owif;ydwfqdk@jzwfawmufcH&onf okH;pGJolonf rnfonhfaqmhzf0Judkr#
wyfqifxm;&ef rvdkaomfvnf; &dk;&dk;tifwmeuf vdyfpmwpfckudk psiphon
utjyma&mifwef; xnfhoGif;Edkif+yD; 4if;tcsufonf psiphon udk rnfonfhae&mrSrqdk
0ifa&mufokH;pGJEdkifa}umif;yif jzpfygonf? psiphon wyfqifxm;onfh uGefysLwmrsm;onf
udk,fykdifuGefysLwmrsm; tjzpf&Sd=uaoma=umifh &SmazG&ef ESifh ydwfqdk‹&ef tvGefcufcJapy-
gonf?
Peacefire/Circumventor
http://peacefire.org/

Peacefire/Circumventor ESifh psiphon onf eD;pyfonf[k owfrSwfEdki-

faom ausmfv$m;jcif; enf;pepfwpfck jzpfygonf? odkŒaomfvnf; 4if;aqmhzf0Jonf
wyfqifokH;pGJ&ef cufcJ ygonf? rwlnDaomaqmhzf0JokH;ckudk ul;,lqGJcs&rnfjzpf+yD;ae
muf wyfqifokH;pGJ&rnf? Router ESifh wGJzufokH;rnfqdkygu tcsdK‹tcsuftvufrsm;udk
xnfhoGif;jyifqif&ef vdktyfygonf? Peacefire/Circumventor wGif
wyfqiftokH;jyK&eftwGuf vrf;nGefcsuftaxmuftulrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;aomvnf;
tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; psiphon avmufryg&Sday? xdkŒodkŒuGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;
18 &Sdaomfvnf; Peacefire/Circumventor onf t"dutcsufrsm;wGif psiphon uJhodkŒyif
vkyfaqmifygonf?
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

v#dK‹0Sufvdkif; oG,fwef;jcif; aqmhzf0J

v#dK‹0Sufvdkif; oG,fwef;jcif; qdkonfrSm okH;pGJr_/ jzwfoef;r_rsm;udk ykHpHuGJjzpfatmif pDrHjcif;jzpfygonf? ykHpHtm;jzifh

vkH+cKHrSKr&Sdaom/ vSdKŒ0SufrSKr&Sdaom jzwfoef;okH;pGJrsm;udk vsdKŒ0SufaomqufoG,fr_wpfcktwGif;wGifxJhoGif;
jzwfoef;apjcif;
jzpfonf? omrmef0efaqmifr_rsm;udk okH;pGJol. uGefysLwmwGif &&SdEdkifaomfvnf; pdppfjcif;rjyKxm;aom uGefysLwmudk
vsdK@0Sufvdkif;jyKvkyfI jzwfoef;oGm;ap+yD; okH;pGJol. awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifhwkefŒjyefcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm &&Sdapygonf?
pdppfjcif;r&Sdaomwdkif;jynfESifh tquftoG,f&Sdaomolonf udk,fydkifv#dKŒ0SufqufoG,fjcif;udk wnfaqmufEdkif+yD;/
tquftoG,frygbJ tca=u;aiGjzifh vsdKŒ0Sufvkdif;oG,fwef;jcif; 0efaqmifrSKrsm;udk okH;pGJEdkifygonf? 0ufbfqdk'f
tajcjyKvsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;onf 0ufbfoG,fwef;r_rsm;twGufomvkyfaqmifEkdifjcif;a=umifh
0ufbfqdk'f=unfhaom aqmhzf0J (web browsers) wGifomvkyfaqmifEkdif+yD; tjcm;aqmhzf0Jrsm;wGif rokH;pGJEkdifay?
aqmhzf0JpktajcjyK vsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;onf tD;ar;vfaqmhzf0J ESifh wkduf&kdufpum;ajymEkdifaom aqmhzf0Jpaom
tifwmeuf0efaqmifr_rsm;okH;pGJr_ trsdK;rsdK;twGuf vkyfaqmifay;Ekdifygonf?

0ufbfqdk'f tajcjyKvsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;aqmhzf0J (tcrJh)

UltraReach
http://www.ultrareach.com/

UltraReach udk owif;pdppfjzwfawmufjcif;udk qefŒusifonfhaqmhzf0Jtjzpf

zefwD;cJh+yD; UltraSurf [kod}uonf? UltraReach udk qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; Windows
wGiftokH;jyKEkdifatmif vkyfaqmifay;xm;ygonf? tokH;jyKolwpfOD;u qGJcs&,l&kHjzifh
(wyfqifxm;&efrvdktyfay) uGefysLwmwGiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf? 4if;onf
tcrJhaqmhzf0J jzpf+yD; t*FvdyfbmomESifh w&kwfbmomwdkŒESifh &&SdEdkifygonf? 4if;udk
wpf}udrfpwif+yD;v#if aqmhzf0Jonf Internet Explorer udk tvdktavsmuf yGifhapI
vdt k yfaomtcsut f vufrsm;udk jyifqifaqmif&u
G +f y;D ok;H pGo
J rl S aqmhz0f u
J kd tok;H jyKEkid rf n
jf zpfygonf? tjcm;tifwmeuf=unf&h a_ ompepfrsm; (browsers) wGif rdru d , kd wf idk f tcsuf
tvufrsm; jyifqifaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf? ykHrSeftm;jzifh qufoG,fr_rsm;udk
0SufpmtokH;jyKrnfjzpf+yD;/ rydwfqkd@xm;aom vdyfpmrsm;udkvnf; enf;ynmpkHokH;um
&SmazGr_ vkyfaqmifxm;ygonf? UltraSurf onf tjcm;olrsm;udk,kH=unfvdkaom
omrmefokH;pGJolrsm;twGuf taumif;qkH;a&G;cs,fr_ jzpf+yD; vufcHEkdifaom tjrefE_ef;
udkvnf; tcrJh&&Sdapygonf?
tcsdKŒEkdifiHrsm;wGif UltraReach 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk@xm;+yD;jzpfygvdrfhrnf? xdktcg
okH;pGJoltaejzifh xdkaqmhzf0Judk wpfpkHwpfa,mufxHrS &,l&efvdktyfygonf?
0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk@xm;cJhaomjim;vnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl &,lokH;pGJEkdifygvdrfhrnf?
rydwfqdk@xm;aom IP vdyfpmrsm;udk enf;rsdK;pkHjzifh &SmazG&,lay;ygvdrfhrnf? odkŒaomfvnf
wdusaocsmpGm pdppfaernfqdkygu ydwfqdk@aumif;ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf?
19
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

0ufbfqdk'f tajcjyKvsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;aqmhzf0J (tcrJh)

FreeGate
http://www.dit-inc.us

Freegateonf DynaWeb u jyKvkyfxm;onfh owif;pdppfjzwfawmufr_udk

qefŒusifonfhenf;ynmwpfck jzpf+yD;/ UltraSurf ESifh enf;vrf;tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif
xyfwlnD }uygonf? UltraSurf ESifh rwlnDaomtcsufrSm ykHrSeftm; jzifh Freegate
onf vdyfpmrsm;udk 0SufpmtokH;rjyKjcif;jzpfygonf? okH;pGJoltaejzifh vdyfpmrsm;udk
0SufpmtokH;jyKvdkonf qkdygu tjcm; aqmhzf0Jtpkudk &,lxnfhoGif;&efvkdtyf+yD;/
tcsufvufrsm;jyKjyif ajymif;vJay;&efvdktyfygonf?
FreeGate onfausmfvïm;jcif;enf;ynmtm; vkH+cHKr_twGufomru tjcm;olrsm;tm;
,kH=unfr_vdkvm;aom enf;ynmuírf;usifolrsm;twGuf a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdif
ayonf? udk,fwkdif aocsmpGm ajymif;vJjyifqifr_rsm; ESifh vkHavmufaom
tjrefE_ef;wGif 0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;udk tcrJh=unfh&_Ekdifygonf? Ultrasurf uJhodk‹yif
qifqmjzwfawmufolrsm;rS ydwfqdk‹+yD;jzpfayvdrfhrnf? xdktwGuf tjcm;aomae&mrS
aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh &,l&ygrnf? xdk‹twl 0efaqmifr_rsm;udk
ydwfqdk‹wm;jrpfxm;ygu okH;pGJoltaejzifh rydwfqdk‹xm;aom IP udk udk,fwkdifxnfhoGif;
tokH;jyKEkdifygonf?

0ufbq
f 'kd f tajcjyKvsKd @0u
S v
f ikd ;f oG,w
f ef;jcif;aqmhz0f J (tok;H jyKc aumufc)H
Anonymizer
http://anonymizer.com

Anonymizer udk Windows twGuf &,lEidk +f y;D pdppfjzwfawmufrr_ sm; cHae&aom tok;H
jyKol. uGeyf sLwmwGif tok;H jyKEkid yf gonf? vG,u f al omwyfqufrt _ qifrh sm; +yD;aemuf
ok;H pGo
J t
l wGuf trnf0u S o f ;Hk pGjJ cif;ykpH oH ‹kd a&muf&o dS mG ;ap+y;D qufo, G rf _ vrf;a=umif;
rsm;onf Anonymizer rSwpfqifh vsKd ‹0u S v f ikd ;f oG,w f ef;+y;D jzwfoef;oGm;ygvrd rhf nf?
od‹k aomfvnf; vk+H cKH r_ ydrk akd ocsmr_&adS =umif; aocsmap&eftwGuo f ;Hk pGo
J rl S Surfing Security
(tm) SSL Encryptionudk a&G;cs,v f yk af qmif &rnf? xdo k ‹kd vyk af qmifjcif;onf qufo, G rf _
vrf;a=umif;rsm;udk HTTPS/SSL jzifh pum;0Sujf yKvkyo f ;Hk pGjJ cif;udk vkyaf qmifay;ygrnf?
omrmeftm;jzifh xdyk pHk o H ;Hk pGrJ u
_ kd ydwx f m;rnf? xdak qmhz0f o J nf rSww f rf;wifxm;aom
t&mrsm; z,f&mS ;aom aqmhz0f J (“Digital Shredder" ) / axmufvrS ;f zsuq f ;D r_umuG,af &;
aqmhz0f J (Anti-Spyware) ESihf vsKd ‹0u S pf mG ajymif;vJo;Hk pGEJ idk af om tD;ar;vf (disposable email
addresses) paom tjcm;0efaqmifrr _ sm;udv k nf; xnfo h iG ;f ay;xm;ygonf?
Anonymizer onf enf;ynmtm;enf;olrsm;/ tokH;jyKcay;acsvdkolrsm;ESifh 0ufbf
pmrsufESmrsm;udk tvGefvsifjrefaomE_ef;/ pum;0Sufpepfjzifh =unfhvkdolrsm; twGuf
taumif;qkH;jzpfonf? 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm; &SdEkdifaomvnf; tjcm;aom
ae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh &,l&ygrnf? 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk@xm;cJh
aomvnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl &,lokH;pGJEkdifygvdrfhrnf? xdk0efaqmifr_udk wdusao
csmpGm pdppfjcif;jzifh vG,fulpGm ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk wyfqif
okH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu trsm;okH;pGJaomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh uGefysLwmtwGif;
20 &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtaetxm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

0ufbq
f 'kd f tajcjyKvsKd @0u
S v
f ikd ;f oG,w
f ef;jcif;aqmhz0f J (tok;H jyKc aumufc)H

Ghost Surf
http://tenebril.com

Ghost Surf udk Windows twGuf qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; pdppfjzwfawmufr_rsm; cHae&aom

tokH;jyKol. uGefysLwmwGif wyfqiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf? wyfqifr_rsm;+yD;qkH;ygu
aqmhzf0JrS Internet Explorer browser udk tvdktavsmuf vdktyfonfh tcsuftvuf
rsm; jznfhoGif;ay;rnfjzpfonf? tjcm;tifwmeuf=unfh&_aompepfrsm; (browsers) wGif
rdrdudk,fwkdif tcsuftvufrsm; jyifqifaqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf? aqmhzf0JrS
“Normal" ykHpHjzifh tjrJwef;tokH;jyKEkdifrnfjzpfygonf? xdkykHpHwGif qufoG,fr_
tm;vkH;onf omrmefykHpHtwkdif;jzpf+yD; =um;rS jzwfawmuf=unfhEkdifygonf? qufoG,fr_
rsm;udk pum;0SufjzifhtokH;jyKvdkygu “Secure" jzifhvnf;aumif;/ tjrifhqkH;tqifh
“Anonymous" onf tjcm;pmom; vsdK‹0Sufcsufrsm; 0ufbfqdk'frS xnfhoGif;oGm;jcif;udk
umuG,fjcif;omjzpf+yD;/ trnf0Suf qufoG,fjcif;ykHpHjzifh vkyfaqmifEkdifjcif;r&Sdyg?
“Secure" ykHpHudk a&G;cs,fvkyfaqmifxm;rnfqdkygu tifwmeufokH; aqmhzf0JwGif
vkyfaqmifr_tcsufrsm; ajymif;vJ jyifqifxm;+yD; tokH;jyKygu tokH;jyKaom qufoG,fr_
rsm;tm;vkH;onf Ghost Surf . qmAmrsm;rS pum;0SufykHpHjzifh tokH;jyKEkdifygrnf?
Ghost Surf onf enf;ynmwwfuírf;olrsm;/ tokH;jyKcay;acsvdkolrsm; ESifh
0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;udk tvGefvsifjrefaomE_efjzifh =unfhvkdolrsm; twGuf
taumif;qkH;jzpfonf? Anonymzer rsm;xkH;pHtwdkif; Ghost Surf 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹
xm;r_rsm; &SdEkdifaomvnf; tjcm;aomae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh
&,l&ygrnf? 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk@xm;cJhaomjim;vnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl
&,lokH;pGJEkdifygvdrfhrnf? xdk0efaqmifr_udk wdusaocsmpGm pdppfjcif;jzifh vG,fulpGm
ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk wyfqifokH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu trsm;okH;pGJ
aomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh uGefysLwmtwGif; &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtaetxm;
&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?

vufawG@urBmrS erlemjzpf&yfrsm;

2006 ckepf/ wleD;&Sm;EkdifiH wl;epf+rdK‹wGif urBmvkH;qkdif&m owif;enf;ynmtodkif;t0dkif; Information Society II (WSIS) udkusif;ycJhygonf?
wleD;&Sm;

WSIS udk taqm

aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckonf tifwmeufydwfqkd‹jcif;r&Sdaom w&m;0iftpnf;ta0;jzpf+yD;/ tjcm;wpfckwGif NGO rsm;ESifh owif;orm;rsm; twGuf pDpOfxm;aom
aqG;aEG;yGJwGif wleD;&Sm; tifwmeuf0efaqmifr_udk tokH;jyKcJh&m tar&duefwGifa&mif;csaom Smartfilter udktokH;jyKI owif;tcsuftvufydwfqdk‹r_rsm;
vkyfaqmifcJhygonf?

tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJ‹tpnf;wpfckonf ydwfqdk‹wm;qD;aom ae&mwGifusa&mufaeaomtcgwGif e,fomvefwGif &Sdaom olwdk‹tdrfokH;uGefysLwmudk

tokH;jyKI SSH-D ESifh proxy udk wyfqiftokH;jyKcJhygonf? xdkaemuf tjcm;olrsm;udk olwdk‹tokH;jyKaompepfrS trSwfudk ajymjy+yD; tjcm;olrsm;tm;
wleD;&Sm;. ydwfqdk‹r_rsm;udk jzwfausmfEkdifcJhygonf?
21
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

aqmhzf0JpktajcjyK vsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif; (tcrJh)

GPass
http://gpass1.com/

GPass udk Windows twGuf qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; pdppfjzwfawmufr_rsm; cHae&aom

tokH;jyKol. uGefysLwmwGif wyfqiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf? 4if;onf tcrJhaqmhzf0J jzpf+yD;
t*FvdyfbmomESifh w&kwfbmomwdkŒESifh &&SdEdkifygonf? GPass udkpwifvkdufaomtcg/
okH;pGJvdkaom aqmhzf0Jpkudk GPass .y&kd*&rftwGif; qGJ,lcsvdkufjcif;jzifh xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk
wpfqifhcHokH;pGJEkdifatmif vkyfaqmifay;Ekdifygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkrsm; pwifokH;pGJaomtcg
GPass rSwqifhokH;pGJEkdifatmif tvdktavsmuf jyifqifaqmif&Gufay;ygonf?
ykHrSeftm;jzifh Internet Explorer / Windows Media Player ESifh tD;ar;vfokH;pGJaom
y&kd*&rfrsm;udk jyifqif
aqmif&Guf+yD;jzpfygrnf? ykHrSeftm;jzifh qufoG,fr_rsm;onf pum;0Sufpepfjzifh
vkyfaqmifrnfjzpf+yD; rydwfqdk‹xm;aom IP vdyfpmrsm;udk enf;rsdK;pkH;okH;I&SmazGrnf
jzpfonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkonf vufcHEkdifaom tjrefE_ef;ESifh rSwfom;xm;&efvdkaom
vdyfpmrsm;ESifh tjcm;zdkifrsm;udk odrf;qnf;ay;Ekdifjcif;rsm; yHhydk;ay;onf?
GPass onf tjcm;olrsm;udk,kH=unfvdkaom omrmefokH;pGJolrsm;twGuf taumif;qkH;
a&G;cs,fr_ jzpf+yD; vufcHEkdifaomtjrefE_ef; pum;0SufykHpH jzifh tcrJh&&Sdapygonf?
Anonymzer rsm;xkH;pHtwdkif; Gpass 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm; wcgw&H &SdEkdifaom-
vnf; tjcm;aomae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm; taejzifh &,l&ygrnf? 0ufbfqdk'fudk
ydwfqdk@xm;cJhaomjim;vnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl &,lokH;pGJEkdifygvdrfhrnf? ydwfqdk‹xm;r_
rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;pGJEkdifonfh taetxm;jyef&&eftwGuf rydwfqdk‹xm;aom IP
vdyfpmrsm;udk tvdktavsmuf&SmazGay;ygrnf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk wyfqifokH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu
trsm;okH;pGJaomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh uGefysLwmtwGif; &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtae
txm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?

22
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

0ufbq
f 'kd f tajcjyKvsKd @0u
S v
f ikd ;f oG,w
f ef;jcif;aqmhz0f J (tok;H jyKc aumufc)H

HTTP Tunnel
http://www.http-tunnel.com/

HTTP Tunnel udk Windows twGuf qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; pdppfjzwfawmufr_rsm; cHae&aom

tokH;jyKol. uGefysLwmwGif wyfqiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf? psiphon ESifh Peacefire/
Circumventor enf;wl HTTP Tunnel onf ydwfqdk‹jcif;rcH&olrS y&kd*&rfudk &,lwyfqifI
qmAmwpfckuJhodk‹ yHhydk;xm;+yD; ydwfqdk‹jcif;cH&aom okH;pGJoltm; udk,fydkif0efaqmifr_
ay;jcif;jzpfonf? HTTP Tunnel onf tcrJh 0efaqmifr_rsm;&Ekdifovdk 0efaqmifc-
aumufcHaom ykHpHjzifhvnf; okH;pGJEkdifygonf? okH;pGJolrS udk,fwkdif aqmhzf0Jpkrsm;wGif
tcsuftvufrsm; jyifqifxnfhoGif;&rnfjzpf+yD; 0ufbfqdk'f=unfh aqmhzf0Jrsm;/
tD;ar;vfokH;pGJEkdifonfh aqmhzf0Jrsm; ESifh wkduf&kdufpum;ajymEkdifaom aqmhzf0Jrsm;wGif
HTTP Tunnel udkokH;pGJEkdifygonf?

HTTP Tunnel onfausmfvïm;jcif;enf;ynmtm; vkH+cHKr_twGufomru

tjcm;olrsm;tm; ,kH=unfr_vdkvm;aom enf;ynmuírf;usifolrsm;twGuf
a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdifayonf? udk,fwkdif aocsmpGm ajymif;vJjyifqifr_rsm; ESifh vkHav-
mufaom tjrefE_ef;wGif 0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;udk =unfh&_Ekdifygonf? HTTP tunnel
onf pum;0Sufrsm;xnfhoGif; tokH;rcsaomvnf; tpm;xdk;ajymif;vJjcif;pepfrsm;udk
omxnfhoGif;xm;ygonf? tjcm;aomykHpHuGJwpfrsdK;tjzpf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
azmfjyjcif;jzpf+yD;/ yxrenf;vrfrsm;avmuf owif;tcsuftvufrsm; vsdK‹0Sufr_udk
rxdef;odrf;Ekdifay?
tjcm;0efaqmifr_rsm; ykHpHtwdkif; HTTP Tunnel 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm; wcgw&H
&SdEkdifaomvnf; tjcm;aomae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh &,l&ygrnf?
xdk0efaqmifr_udk wdusaocsmpGm pdppfjcif;jzifh vG,fulpGm ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnf
jzpfygonf? ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;pGJEkdifonf taetxm;jyef&&eftwGuf
enf;ynmwwfu|rfolrS &SmazGay;ygrnf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk wyfqifokH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu
trsm;okH;pGJaomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh uGefysLwmtwGif; &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtae
txm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?

23
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

aqmhzf0JpktajcjyK vsdK@0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif; (tokH;jyKc aumufcH)

Relakks
https://www.relakks.com/

Relakks onf Relakks Safe Surf [kac:wGifaom tokH;jyKcaumufcHonf 0efaqmifr_

wpfckjzpfygonf? udk,fydkifuGef,ufwk (Virtual Private Network (VPN)) wpfckjzpf+yD;
pum;0SufjzifhvsdK‹0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;+yD; qufoG,fr_rsm;udk Relakks qmAmrSwqifh
ydwfqdk‹xm;aomwdkif;jynfrsm;wGif tokH;jyKEkdifatmif vkyfaqmifxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
Windows ESifh Mac wGif wGJqufyg0ifaom VPN pepfrsm;udktokH;cs+yD; okH;pGJoltaejzifh
rnfonfh aqmhzf0Judk rS wyfqifxm;&efrvdkay? tD;ar;vf aqmhzf0J/ 0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;
=unfhaomaqmhzf0J ESifh wkduf&kdufpum;ajymEkdifaom aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk VPN ay:wGif
vsdK‹0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;jzifhtokH;jyKEkdifygonf? Relakks Safe Surf onf enf;ynm
tm;enf;olrsm;/ tokH;jyKcay;acsvdkolrsm; ESifh pum;0Sufpepfjzifh udk,fydkifuGef,ufwk
(Virtual Private Network (VPN)) rSwqifh okH;pGJolrsm; twGuf taumif;qkH;jzpfonf?
Relakks onf tvG,fwul ydwfqdk‹Ekdifygonf?

Guardster/SSH
http://www.guardster.com/

xyfrHI tcrJh&aom/ pum;0SufrokH;aom 0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepf

wpfckjzpfonfh Guardster onf 0efaqmifcay;aqmifjcif;jzifh pum;0SuftokH;jyKaom
0ufbftajccH ausmfv$m;jcif;enf;pepfESifh Secure Shell (SSH) jzifh vsdK‹0Sufvdkif;
oG,wf ef;jcif; udo
k ;Hk pGEJ idk yf gonf? aqmhz0f t
J rsKd ;tpm;rsm;pGm/ 0ufbq
f 'kd =f unf&h a_ om aqmhz0f J ESihf
tD;ar;vftokH;jyKaomaqmhzf0Jrsm;onf vsdK‹0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif;udk SSH tunnel of
Guardster jzifhokH;pGJEkdifygonf?

Guardster/SSH onf enf;ynmtm;enf;olrsm;/ tokH;jyKcay;acsvdkolrsm; ESifh

pum;0Sufpepfjzifh vsdK‹0Sufvdkif;oG,fwef;jcif; rSwqifh okH;pGJolrsm; twGuf
taumif;qkH;jzpfonf? tjcm;0efaqmifr_rsm; ykHpHtwdkif; Guardster/SSH 0ufbfqdk'fudk
ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm; wcgw&H &SdEkdifaomvnf; tjcm;aomae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk
okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh &,l&ygrnf? Guardster/SSH udk wdusaocsmpGm pdppfjcif;jzifh
ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf?

24
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

trnf0Suf qufoG,fa&;pepf

trnf0Suf enf;ynmrsm;onf okH;pGJol. IP vdyfpmudk qmAmwGif vm&mcJhonfh pm&if;rS uG,f0Sufay;ygonf?

tcsdK‹wGifrl trnf0Suf enf;ynmrsm;onf okH;pGJol. IP vdyfpmomru trnf0Suf0efaqmifr_ESifh okH;pGJol=um;
qufoG,fr_rsm;udkyg pum;0Sufpepfjzifh qufoG,fvkyfaqmifapygonf? okH;pGJolrsm;u trnf0Sufenf;ynmrsm;jzifh
0ufbfpmrsufESmrsm;udk qufoG,f&,lygu jzwfoef;oGm;aom 0efaqmifr_udk wdkuf&kduf&,ljcif;rjyKbJ wqifhcHjcif;jzifh
tokH;csapygonf? trnf0Sufenf;ynmrsm;ond tvGefyif tokH;usaom tifwmeufydwfqdk‹wm;jrpfr_rsm;udk
ausmfvïm;Ekdifaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzpfonf? tcsdK‹aom trnf0Suf enf;ynmrsm;wGif okH;pGJolrS aqmhzf0Judk ul,lokH;pGJ&ef
vdktyf+yD;/ wm;jrpfolrsm;rSvnf; vG,fulpGm ydwfqdk‹wmjrpfEkdifrnfjzpfonf?

JAP ANON
http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/index_en.html

JAP ANON udk Windows/Mac/Linux twGuf qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; pdppfjzwfawmufr_rsm;

cHae&aom tokH;jyKol. uGefysLwmwGif wyfqiftokH;jyKEkdifygonf?
4if;onf t*FvdyfbmomESifh Oa&mybmompum;rsm;pGmwdkŒESifh &&SdEdkifygonf?
okH;pGJolonf “mix" udk qufoG,fr_vrf;a=umif;rsm;udk ajymif;vJap&ef a&G;cs,f+yD;aemuf
JAP ANON udkokH;pGJEkdif&ef vkyfaqmifr_tcsufvufrsm;udk 0ufbfqdk'f okH;pGJaom
aqmhzf0Jrsm;wGif wpfaoGrwdrf;ajymif;vJ&ef vdktyfonf? “mix" qdkonfrSm
=um;cHtpk=uD;jzpf+yD; awmif;qdkr_rsm; jyKvkyfaomtcgwGif qufoG,fr_vrf;a=umif;
rsm;udk ajymif;vJjzwfoef;ap+yD; =um;cHyHhydk;ol odk‹r[kwf tcsuftvufrsm; odkrSD;&mXme
vnf;r[kwfay? odk‹aom “mix" onfokH;pGJol. udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;udk od&Sdol
jzpfonf? odk‹aomvnf; trnf0Suf jcif;ykHpHrsm;onf “single mix" ESifh “mix cascades."
udk okH;pGJr_rsm;ay:rlwnfI ajymif;vJaeygonf? tjrefE_ef; ESifh trnf0Suf 0efaqmifr_
rsm;twGuf 0efaqmifc&,lygonf?
JAP ANON onfausmfvïm;jcif;enf;ynmtm; vkH+cHKr_twGufomru tjcm;olrsm;tm;
,kH=unfr_vdkvm;aom enf;ynmuírf;usifolrsm; twGuf a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEkdifayonf?
JAP ANON 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹xm;r_rsm; wcgw&H EkdifiH tcsdK‹wGif &SdEkdifaomvnf;
tjcm;aomae&mrS aqmhzf0Judk okH;pGJolrsm;taejzifh &,l&ygrnf? 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwf
qdk@xm;cJhaomjim;vnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl &,lokH;pGJEkdifygvdrfhrnf? wdusaocsmpGm
pdppfjcif;jzifh ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf? xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk wyfqifokH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu
trsm;okH;pGJaomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh uGefysLwmtwGif; &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtae
txm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?

25
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

trnf0Suf qufoG,fa&;pepf

Tor
http://tor.eff.org

Tor onf tcrJh&,lEkdifaom trnf0Suf qufoG,fa&;pepf jzpfygonf? 0ufbf

awmif;qdkr_rsm;udk ajymif;vJqufoG,fapjcif;ESifh pum;0Sufrsm; aygif;pyftokH;jyKap
jcif;jzifh rnfonfae&mrS vmonf/ rnfonfae&modk‹oGm;rnfudk ud&d,mrsm;jzifh
uGef,uftwGif;rS rrSef;qEkdifatmif vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf? trnf0Sufjcif;udk
ta&;=uD;vkdtyfolrsm;twGuf a&G;cs,f&efjzpfonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaom
tpdk;&taejzifh rnfodk‹qufoG,fr_rsm;jyKvkyfonfudk Tor uGef,ufudkokH;pGJaeoltm;
&SmazG&cufcJaoma=umifhjzpfonf? Tor onf vsdK‹0SufoG,fwef;jcif;udk uGef,uftwGif;
wdkuf&kdufpum;ajymjcif; ESifh tD;ar;vf paomaqmhzf0Jrsm;twGuf tjcm;ykHpHrsdK;pkHjzifh
qufoG,fr_rsm;udk yHhydk;ay;xm;ygonf? xdkaqmhzf0JwGifygaom xl;jcm;r_wpfckrSm
uG,f0Sufr_0efaqmifjcif; “hidden services" okH;pGJolrsm; trnf0Sufum ukd,fydkif0ufbf
pmrsufESmrsm; a&;om;wifjyjcif;udk Tor rSwqifh vkyfaqmifEkdifjcif;jzpfygonf?
xdkaqmhzf0Jpkudk ul;,lokH;pGJ&rnfqdkygu trsm;okH;pGJaomae&mrsm;wGif okH;pGJjcif;ESifh
uGefysLwmtwGif; &SmazGzrf;qD;Ekdifaomtaetxm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf
roifhawmfyg? bmompum;rsdK;pkHjzifh&,lEkdif+yD; vltrsm; wDxGifa&;om;Ekdif&ef
yHhydk;xm;ygonf? tvGefaumif;rGefaom vkyfaqmifr_ tzGJ‹tpnf;ESifh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;
udkvnf; &&SdEkdifygonf? wyfqyfr_rsm;vkyfaqmif+yD;aomtcg/ 0efaqmifr_ pwifrnf
jzpfygonf? Firefox browser udkydkrdkOD;pmay;a&G;cs,fygonf? “Torbutton" udk awG‹jrif
Ekdif+yD; vG,fulpGmjzifh zGifhjcif;/ ydwfjcif;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifEkdifygonf? tjcm; tifwmeuf
=unfhaom aqmhzf0Jrsm;wGif ukd,fwkdif ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifr_rsm; vdktyfygonf?
Tor onfausmfvïm;jcif;enf;ynmtm; vkH+cHKr_ta&;=uD;aom enf;ynmuírf;usifolrsm;
aqmhzf0JtrsdK;rsdK;udk rjrefaomE_ef;jzifh tokH;jyKEkdifayonf? Tor 0ufbfqdk'fudk ydwfqdk‹
xm;r_rsm; wcgw&H EkdifiH tcsdK‹wGif &SdEkdifaomvnf; 0efaqmifr_rsm;udkrl &,lokH;pGJ
Ekdifygvdrfhrnf? wdusaocsmpGm pdppfaom EkdifiHrsm;wGifh ydwfqdk@Ekdifvdrfhrnfjzpfygonf?
odk‹aomfvnf; y&kd*&rfa&;om;olrsm;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom ausmfvïm;jcif;enf;
ynmrsm; udkqufvufa&;omaeygonf? rsm;jym;aom Router rsm;udk jzwfoef;
&aoma=umifh tifweufudk Tor jzifhokH;pGJjcif;onf aES;auG;aernfjzpfonf?
Tor udk tokH;jyKrnfqkdygu uGefysLwm wwfu|rf;olrsm;twGufomjzpf+yD;
pwiftokH;jyKolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfay?

26
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

enf;ynm

I2P
http://www.i2p.net

I2P onf trnf0Suf uGef,ufjzpf+yD; t"dutm;jzifh okH;pGJolrsm;. owif; tcsuf

tvufrsm; vGifhwif&ef ESifh okH;pGJEkdif&efudk I2P rSwqifh tokH;jyK&ef &nf&G,fvkyf
aqmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? odk‹aomvnf; tifwmeufwGif trnf0Suf okH;pGJjcif;udkyg
okH;pGJEkdifcJhonf? I2P udk Windows/Mac/Linux twGuf qGJcs&,lEkdif+yD; pdppfjzwfawmuf
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taetxm;&Sdonfh okH;pGJolrsm;twGuf roifhawmfyg?

27
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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1 trnf (Oyrm - newsrss.bbc.co.uk) rsm;jzifh

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Oyrm
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ta=umif;t&mrsm;udkyg &,l=unfh¶_Ekdifayrnf?

5 Oyrm
webaccelerator.google.com

28
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

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awmif;qdk=uygvdrfhrnf?

29
 Burma Information Technology Team (BIT)

www.citizenlab.org

THE CITIZEN LAB is an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk

Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto, Canada
that engages in advanced research and development at the intersec-
tion of digital media and world civic politics.

A “hothouse" that brings together social scientists, computer scientists,

activists, and artists, the Citizen Lab's projects explore the political and
social dimensions of new information and communication technolo-
gies with a focus on human rights, humanitarianism, and democratic
change worldwide.

The civisec project is sponsored by the generous support of

the Open Society Institute.