A

SEMINAR
ON
DISTILATION COLUMN
PIPING & STRESS
ANALYSIS
PREPARED BY

AMEYA P. KASTURE
Piping Stress Group
Mott MacDonald Consultants India Ltd,
Andheri - (W)

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

LET US DISCUSS ….

Distillation Process

Significance.

Distillation Column Means To :-
1) Process Department
2) Mechanical Department
3) Piping Department

Types Of Distillation Columns
1) Absorption & Stripping
2) Fractionation

Distillation Column Piping Study.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

DISTILLATION

The Distillation is a Process of seperation of
constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate
Recovery of Vapour Residue.

Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays

are used to bring the two phases in intimate
contact. The trays are stacked one above other
& enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An
Equipment what we call as

“ Distillation Column ”

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

FEED :
• Feed is a Material which is to be separated into
fractions.

• It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the

Column Shell

• Due to Difference on the Gravity between

Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs
Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray
while the vapour goes up the Column,
Contacting the Liquid at each tray.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

ABSORPTION &
STRIPPING
• Many operations in
Petrochemical Plants require
the Absorption of component
of gas streams into lean oils or
Solvent.
• The resultant rich oil is then
stripped or Denuded of the
Absorbed Materials. The
Greatest use of this operation
utilizes Hydro carbon
materials but the Principles
are applicable to other systems
provided adequate equilibrium
data is available.
MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS
TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

FRACTIONATION
• Fractionation Column is a
type of still.

• Crude oil is a typical feed for

such a Fractionation column
& from it, the column can
form simultaneously several
distillates such as Wax
distillate, Gas oil, Heating
oil, Naphta,
Naphta, & Fuel gas.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

FRACTIONATION
• The feed is heated in the
furnace before it enters
the Column .
• As the feed enters in the
Column, quantities of
vapour are given off by
flashing due to release of
of pressure of the feed.
• As the vapour rise up
the column, they come in
intimate contact with
down flowing Liquid.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

FRACTIONATION
• During this contact, some of
the higher componets of the
vapour are condensed & some
of the higher componets of the
down flowing liquids are
vaporised.
vaporised.
• This process is termed as
REFLUXING

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

REBOILER

• The reboiler can be thought of as a pot

sitting on Heating surface of a Stove top

• In order to create & sustain two phases

Needed for the separation, Heat
exchanger must be regulated to the
Column.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS

REBOILER
• The Reboiler is a large heat transfer
unit that is Generally located
outside of the column shell of the
distillation column.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

 DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS
• Column internals are based
on the internal details i.e.
1) Plate Type.
In Plate type the lighter
hydrocarbons vapourise &
flow up through the holes
in the tray type making
the
1) Packed Column.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK

RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A
REFINARY PLANT
MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS
INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE

REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING
MAINTENANCE ACCESS
MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS
GENERAL PIPING ARRANGEMENT OF
COLUMN PIPING

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPING

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS
SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

All the available information/ data from equipment

specification & P&I D will be written on the
elevation view of the column
MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS
SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

STEP –
IX TO

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY
OTHER LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS :-
:-
Tall Column (Here after called “
TOWERS ”) requires large
Transportation access through the
Unit facilities for lifting after
adjacent structures are Erected.
Check the foundation clearance when
locating the towers adjacent to
structures & between towers.
If additional supports are required for
the overhead vapour lines, consider
extending the structure column to
assist.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING
STUDY
OTHER LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS :-

•Where
Where possible link the Platforms &
ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the
additional access & escape Routes.
Check with stress section for Piping
Flexibility & Reboiler supports.

• Also check the Pump NPSH

Requirement while going for the Bottom
pump Piping

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN
PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN
PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN
PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN
PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN
PIPING STUDY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PLATFORM & LADERS

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PICTURES

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PICTURES

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

PICTURES

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION.
Distillation
Distillation Column is very
important from Refinery point
of view.

ItIt helps to distillate the

Petroleum Products from Crude
oil.

Thank
Thank You .

MONDAY, 24/03/2008 DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING & STRESS ANALYSIS