Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
!"# $&%(' !)*' +,-
.
0/11
2-34-365$76$
8:9<;>=6?A@>BDC2EF?A@G@IHJ?A@!8
KLBDM7=ONP=6Q"RINPEG?A=
S&j7kFTVUXT2WOl&Y[Z]^F\gnmoTVTP^_Y]Zi[gp`Zrq!a<b `as`\jDTPUItFcGWZ]i0TPYeW6ZedGfVueghTVcF^FivfVZ]TVgh^ i
w_xyxoz<{r|y|6}y}y}s~[y~yx_oJ
_D~rooG|JOoJ_oGDPyyzFxJOJ_
-LVVOXo
Z]ivZ]gh`o`_^If¢¯W¤Z[U¥Y¢W`O§F¦ ghTP^IY:-Wmy§J^I`oY¢§+hW¨mJ¦
ghY]^Ii0T¨1W\ªp£©ghcFZ]^Fghfa\`k!Y]Tª\-gh^_a«WOZ]W6TPZ]fVY]gngh`hTVgh^ ivZ]Z0ghTVZ]aiªTPY]`ofgnkF^_\°^IZ]``o¡¥h`6Z]`kFZ]okT¬ghTVZ]i#ivkIZ]`_kIT)f¢WO±I+moTVT\-n§F¡GWOi0Y]Y]`o`yascFTPoZ¨fV®Dk_`Z\uecGUIfP`oZ]cF`o\Z]\-TUIY
W6cGi[Z]Z¢fVTVW6gp§ ££
Z[TVUGY¢^FY]W`ofV§FT!U¥gh`o^IWi[´^ITV§²§1\-`WW6a
^XY]o§¡FTPcIZ:UFi[Y¢ghZ]W6^I`fPTVZ]i[W6ghiV^JfV³T¨qi[§²ghgn^I^IafVY]§F`Tgh\µmJgpZ:gn§FZ]UFcXkIY]W6T`o¤\U¥Z[Y¢TPghi[WY]TVi[§Fi2U¥TPTVY¨Z]f®<`Z]jDgnUGmoY¢Y]TVW`6i.§FmJgh`gn^I§Fa0´Tu0ivi[Y[Z[cFZ]Y¢gpU¥WO±ITPZ]fVTVY]gnghoW`gh YªTVi¶·W^_¡FkIZ]TVgnWOhhmogpnZrghT!q+TV¡¥gh^I^1TPfVTVT^W ³
\-W6\WOY]`oy^ITP.Z-`6\-Z]kIWTPJY]ghiV^I®GGj7³ kFTgntGi Z]UXTWY]^XU¥WT0Y7TPgh^FtFaW`\Y]\-gh^FW6TVZ]i<gh`Z·^¸¦7`:a¹TVWT¨cG§GZ]¡X`oW6\-f¥W6³Z]TVW6§¬^Xiv§ºZ]`_Z]fTP_f£©kFZ[^IY¢Woghf¨§GWgne^F"W^IWWopTPqG^Ji[Z]ghii
Z]gh§G^-`6TVYªmJZ]kIgn¿pi[ÀPT
TPÁ©i-³FfV`o¦
W^_kIZ]ªghTPftJkÃoZ Ä]ghÅo`ieÆVa>Ç«W:Z]ȩ¬kIY]TeT¨ÃOW6Å6»hɹ£©TVÊ_Z]^IghË(\^G£rivTo¼>Z[³FY¢TVY]W6kIT¨Z]\-WTVp6£·W6q§I^-WOTPZ¢uetGW¬cGUI\-Z]h`o`oW6gp\-Z]Y]ghyW6^ITPZ]+Z
TV§\-i[ghjD\:W6Y¢Y]cIWoyn§GTPW6gnZªZ]^F`6my-Y¨`o®¥½©n»¤j7WOZ]¼DkIgnhu¤T)gpZrj0±Fq1Y]¾Liv¦
i[Zegngp\:Z]WkFocI`oTPncF^JW6ZZ£
UGW6oY]T¨TV§F^_ghZLfPcFZ]ghi[^ITViDZ]Z]TVkFf¢T"kI^FTtIghf¨W6WfPJZ&W6§F^XgpWY]pTVqGfPi[Z]ghghiV`o®6^´¶·Z`6\a<Z]ghkFkJT.ZDivi[Z]TV`_TVf\¯^XUFWOY]ghZ]fVcFT"Y¢W\Z]`6`emoTV¡F\cFq&TV^_¦
Z¨®FkFj7TV^2kIT.Z]kIi[T<TVfV\-`W6^XY[§ £
y§GT`_Z
TVi¬gni
TP`tF^¯WfZ]Z]kIhq+TeY]Z]gnkIi[T.T!W6`o^XUF§!U¥`oi[i[TVgphZ]>To¦
®<kFueTVi:^WgpZ¨Y]Ì i
TVi[`ocI^pZ¨Z]³kF¦ T2T¯§FTVf¨fPW6nhgh^FghToZ:³I¡FZ]kIcFT´Z7Z]Ä[kFÆPÍ6T)ÆPi[Ä¢TVÎfVÆ#`^XivZ[§¯Y¢W6WZ]oTVTP6^Jq_Z ®
j7Ï `6kFZ]T:k²ivZ[W6Y¢oWOTVZ]^_TVZ]oi)ghTVU¥i)TcFY[a¹i[`T¨Y]§\¡_TVq§¡¥¦7`6TVZ]hk+sghW6^+oTVW!^_»<Z]i&¼W6u<Y]jT:Wohgh§ImyW6T:UFfPZ]`oT¨§#\U¥a`TPY2Z]gpW6Z]ghcF`oZ]^>`®¥\-¶rW6^Z]T¨Z]§kIghieZ[Y¢UXWW§FU¥gh^ITGY¨®³
¦ b T`\W^IUXWW6pY]qGghi[ÐV`T:^IZ]i0kF¡¥T:TPU¥Zr¦ TPY[TVaTV`^¯Y]\-Z]kFW6TV^I\°fVT:W6`Y]a T.Z]W6kFhTVi[`i[T:UFZ·Y]¦7`OmJ`¯gѧGWT¨cG§>Z]`o® \-W6Z]TV§Z[Y¢W§Fgh^I¯ivZ[Y¢W6Z]TVghTViV®
Ò ÓFÔeÕXÖ>×2Ø"Ù:ÚÕ¥Û]×
Ô
ÜÝ9ÑNPÞ²NÞA=!HGQQP9¹ß_HJàEJá7NÞ>=-9¹?¥á©EGQPâ´H_NP9EF?´=6QVH¥BAâ´HJã]EGQ.ä¢NE¥åVæ´â´HGQæF=ONPä2äK>åVÞ1HGä2NÞA=!ç:è:RIé
ê.è"ëìHJQP=?AE_í=à=oå¨NPQEF?A9«å_î¤ï)ÞA=ç"èªR¥ê.è"ëì9«ä¯H(ð¥9«ä¢NQP9ñ>K¥N=oðòNQVHGð¥9¹?A@äó¥ä]NP=6âôåOEFâ#é
õEJøà¹=O=6NQV=ä´à¹óòNPEQPKAñ? =òNÞAðAQP9¹ä EGKAà«@FHyÞ4óG=o?Aðù=6N]HJíe?>EFðúQæFQ== ð4Qå6=oEGä¢=â ?Iõ N=K¥ðÝNP=6QVEGäO?Ýî7övNPN´ÞA=¸HJà¹ç"à¹E_è:í.RAä-ê.åOKDè"ä]ëûNPEGâñXóù=6QVä6NÞA÷¤=ñ9¹=Q+ä¢N#ñAQPñ>EG9¹æFð>=6ä¯QVä´HG?>EFð Q
NÞAQPEGKA@FÞü&ý&ç"ä:þõü0à=oå¨NPQEF?A9«å)ýeQPEFõ äPä¢9¹?A@¬ç.=6N]íeEFQæ¥äVÿVBGí2Þ>9¹åVÞHGQ=2=à=oå¨NPQEF?A9«å
NPQPHFð¥9¹?A@ä¢ó¥ä¢é
N=6â´ä¯NPÞ>H_Nâ´H_NVåVÞ4ñAKAóHJ?>ðä¢=àà&EGQVð¥=QPäHJK¥NPEGâ´HJN9«å6HGàà¹óGî<ü&ý&ç"ä#äK>åVÞHFäö]ä¢à«HJ?Dð ·B
è.QVåVÞA9 õ =à¹HG@GE
HJ?Dð &à¹EIEFâ¯ñ=6QP@
HJà¹à¹E_í å6K>ä¢NEGâ=QPä.NE1ð¥9«ä õ à«Hyó´NÞ>=69¹Q:EFQPðA=6QVä:HG?>ð
HJà«ä¢E#HJà¹à¹E_í åOK>ä¢NEFâ=6Q)EGQVð¥=QPäeNE#ñ=¬NQVHGð¥=oðí29NPÞ²=oHGåVÞ+EJNÞ>=6Qî
ü&ý&ç"ä¬HGQ==HFä¢óNPE²KDä¢=GB<HJ?>ðòHyß_HJ9¹à«HJñAà¹=¬NE²=6ßF=6QPóGEF?A=JBóG=6NªNPÞA=6óºHJQP=¯?AEGNQ9«äæFérá©QP=6=
õKAà«à«H_H_N¢Ná©EFEFQPQäâ´ð¥ä&=6á©ßFEF=6Qªà¹E å6K>=ä¢ðNEGá©âEGQ²=QPK>ä&äNP=(E´í2NP=9Nä¢Þ>N"EGNK¥Þ>N=69¹Q.QP9«NPä¢æXQPHF9¹?Að¥@¸9¹?A@´âä]EGNP?>QP=6HJó N=@G9? 9¹=ä6QPî>=HGï)à"ÞAâ´=6QPHG=¯QæFHG=OQ=-NPä6Hîeï)à¹EJÞAN.=¸EJá0RINäE¥9¹â#åVæ é
HJQPæG=6
N ¬HGâ= õ e9¹ä¬Hä9âKAà«H_NPEGQ"NÞ>HJN-=6?>HGñAà¹=ä õ HJQN9«å69 õ HJ?INPä"NE1ð¥9«äPåOE_ßG=Q"NPÞA=QP9¹äæ¥ä
HJ?>ð+Q=í&HGQPð>ä09¹?XßGEFàßF=ð9¹?²ðA=åO9«ä9¹EG?¥évâ´HJæX9¹?A@Aî :9QNKDHJàsRINE¥åVæ´ü ¥åVÞDHJ?A@F= s9«ä)HJ?AEGNÞA=Q
ä¢9¹âKAà«H_NEFQ<NPÞ>H_N õ HJQN9«åO9 õ HG?INPä7å6HG?K>ä¢=.NE-ñAK>9à«ð#HJ?Dð¯â´HG?>HJ@F=2HßX9QNKDHJà õ EGQN¢á©EGà¹9¹EAîGï)Þ>=
M7=6?A?¥é s=ÞAâ´HJ?¸è.KANEGâ´HJN=oð ï<QVHGð¥9¹?A@ þ·M <èï.ÿ!ä¢9¹âKAà«H_NPEGQ eK>ä=ä!Q=oHJàérí&EGQPà«ðBQ=oHJàé
N9¹â=ä¢NE¥åVæ¸â´HJQPæG=ONðAH_NVH(Hyß_HJ9¹à«HJñAà¹=E_ßG=Q!âE¥ð¥=6QP?4ü&ý&ç:äOî7övN#9¹ä!NÞ>= >QVä¢Nä9âKAà«H_NPEGQ
HJ@G=?IN¤EGQVð¥=QPä¤í29NÞ-QP=HGàÑéví&EGQPà¹ð:EGQVð¥=QPä¤HJ?>ð¯ä¢9¹âKAà«H_N=7NPÞA=&Q=oä¢KAàNP9?>@.=Oø=åONPä EG?!NÞA=&â´HJQé
ñD=oå6HJKDä¢=9N2ñDEGNÞ9¹?>åOà¹K>ðA=ä&Q=oHJàérN9¹â=JBIQ=oHJàérí&EGQPà«ððAH_NVH¥BDHG?>ð+Q=oHJà¹9«ä]NP9¹åHJà¹à¹ó-âE¥ð¥=6à«äeNÞ>=
=Oø=å¨NVäEJáNÞ>="HJ@F=6?INPä6÷JE_í2?!NPQPHFð¥=ä7EF?NÞA=2â´HGQæF=ON6îJï)ÞXK>ä6BGí&=)NÞA9¹?Aæ!äEGâ=)9¹?IN=Q=oä]NP9?>@AB
õM EG<èN=6?IïªNPî 9¹HGà¹àó-H õAõ à¹9«å6HGñAà¹=&å6EG?>å6àKDä¢9¹EG?Dä åHJ?ñ="QP=HFåVÞA=ðñ>HFä¢=oð¯EF?´HJ@F=6?IN0= õ =6QP9¹â=6?INPä79¹?
ö[?1NÞA9«ä H =6QBíe= QP=ä=6?IN"N]í&EäK>å6å6=äPä]á©KAàHGK¥NEFâ´H_N=oð1ä]NPE¥åVæFérNQVHGðA9?>@#ä¢NQVH_NP=6@F9=oä
NÞA=Q.íeEFQæ´HGQ=¬õð¥9«äPåOK>äPä¢=oð´9¹?ä¢=oå¨N9¹EF? õ Aî
3
H dGgh\ghnW6Y0ivZ[Y¢W6Z]TVghTViekIW¨myT)¡¥TVTV^¯Z]TPY]\T¨§ ]fV`^JZ[Y¢WOY]gnW^D®
3I J
NQVHGð¥9¹?A@´HG@G=6?INVä.EGQ"EGK¥NVä¢9«ð¥=-â´HGQæF=ON"å6K>ä]NPEGâ=QPäVÿ&Þ>HGä:ð¥=å6à«HJQP=ðNÞ>HJN"NÞ>=6ó1HJQP=-í29¹à¹à9¹?A@
NEºHFå6å6= õ N <NÞ>=ñ=ä¢NñA9«ð õ QP9«åO=9«äNPÞA=Þ>9@FÞA=ä¢N õ QP9«åO=HG?IóòñAKAóF=6Q¯Þ>HGä¯ð¥=å6à¹HGQ=oðºNÞ>HJN
NÞA=óHJQP=!í29¹à¹à9¹?A@NPE õ HyóGîövá&H?A=í°ñAKAó1EFQPðA=6QªÞ>HGä:ñA9«ð õ QP9«åO=!= IK>HJà¤NE+NÞA=ñ=ä¢NHFä¢æ
õí2Q99«à¹å6às=ñ=!EGQ#â´HºHJNP?AåV=6ÞAí =oð²ä9=6?à¹à&NPEGÞAQV=¯ð¥=6HGQâÞ>EGHFKAä¯?IN.HFä¢EGæ á NPõ ÞAQP=!9«åOâ´=
H = ¥I9K>âHJKAà&â NEºHyNß_Þ>HG=+9à«HGññA=à¹ä¢=:NäñAÞ>9«HJð QP=õ ä.QPHG9¹å6?>=JðB NNPÞAÞA=²=-EGNPQPQVHFð¥ð¥==Q
G
G
NQVHJ?>äPHGåON9¹EG?Dä0í29¹à¹à9?DåOQP=HGä=.NPÞA=E_ßG=QÞ>=HGð+åOEIä]Nî
ï)ÞA=¯NQVHGð¥9¹?A@+9?ºM <èï°9¹ä"á©KAà¹à¹ó²HGK¥NEFâ´H_NP=ðBâ=HG?A9¹?A@#NÞ>HJNEG?>å6=¯ä¢NQVH_N=@G9¹=ä:HJQP=
¥=ðB õ HJQN9«åO9 õ HG?INPä0åHJ?A?>EJN.9¹?IN=6QPßG=?A=:ðAKAQ9¹?A@¯NÞ>=¬NQVHGð¥9¹?A@#ðAHyóJî
á©EGà¹à¹E_í29?>@¸ä=åON9¹EG?DäOB&íe=òð¥=äPåOQP9¹ñD=1N]í&EHG@G=?FNä]NPQPHJN=@G9¹=ä´HG?>ðÝHG?>HJà¹ó 6=K>?>ð¥=6Q²í2Þ>HJN
G
ö[?1NÞA9«ä:ä¢=oå¨N9¹EF?LBDí&=¯ð¥=oäå6Q9¹ñ=EGKAQªâ´HJQPæG=6N.â´HJæX9¹?A@ä]NPQPHJN=@GóHJ?>ð1ð¥9«äPåOK>äPä.9NVä õ =6Qá©EGQé
â´HJ?>å6=:9¹?ð¥=ONVHJ9¹àrîAR¥=6ßG=QPHGàßyHGQ9«HJN9¹EG?>ä0EJá NÞA=EFQ9¹@F9?DHJàDä¢NQVH_NP=6@Fó´HJQP=¬HGà«ä¢Eä¢KA@F@G=oä]NP=ðî
+,- .0/1324576%698:;/4=<
¥î AîJÜò= à«HGå6="äK>åVÞ HG9¹QPäEGá<EGQVð¥=QPäeH_N)=6ßG=Qó¯N9«åVæ#EJáLNPÞA=¬ä¢9¹âKAà«H_NEFQ7NÞAQPEGK>@GÞAEFK¥N
2
EJá NÞA=-å6KAQQP=6?IN)â´HJQPæG=6N6î
HJQP=NÞA=ßX9¹Q¢NPK>HJàsEFQPðA=6QVä õ à«HGå6=ð²9¹?1NÞ>=¯ä9âKAà«H_NPEGQ)ñXóEGKAQªä]NPQPHJN=6@FóJBí2ÞA9¹à=¬NPÞA=EJNÞ>=6QVä
HJQP=:NPÞA=QP=HJàEFQPð¥=QPä&9¹?+NÞA=â´HGQæF=ON6î
Ï cFqeY¢§GTPY0Ï `_`o dGTVheY¢§GTPY0Ï `_`
»LY]gnfPT ¤`hcI\T »LY]ghfVT <`ohcI\T
®
®
®
À
®
!
® G"À
®
!
J® !
À"
®
!
À
# F $&% X Ï cGqW6^X§dGTVh'eY¢§FTPY0Ï `_`Ji
EGQVð¥=6Q õ HJ9¹QVäN9¹â=oä7NÞA=ª?XKAâñD=Q0EJá<NÞA=¬ä¢9¹âKAà«H_NP9EF?-NP9¹åVæ¥ä6îIï)ÞA=:9«ð¥=HGàä9NK>HJN9¹EG?á©EGQ&EGK>Q
;¤9¹@FKAQ= ´HJ?>ð1; 9¹@GKAQP= ´HJQP=NPÞA= õ QP9«åO=-åVÞ>HGQ¢NVä2EJá (RA; ï EF? HJQVåVÞ oä]N"HG?>ð HJQVåVÞ
JNPÞLB ¥Bí2ÞA9«åVÞ(HGQ== AHJâ à=oä.EGáeH V@GEXE¥ð ´ð>HyóHJ?>ðòH ¨ñ>HGð ðAHyóNPE_í&HGQPðAä"NÞ>=
ä]NPQPHJN=6@FóQ=oä õ =åON9¹ßG=à¹óJî õ
26.7
"price.dat"
26.6
26.5
26.4
26.3
26.2
26.1
#
WOY]fk ÀVivZ
G³¥u &`_`J§ S2WVq
26
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
I! J
&HFä¢=oð1EG?ºNÞ>=â´HGQæF=ON"â´HGæX9?>@ä]NPQPHJN=@Gó1í&=HGQ=K>ä9?>@ABEGKAQHJ@F=6?INªN=6?DðAäªNE²@G=6N
9?INPEHà«HJQP@G=-äÞAEGQN õ EFä9N9¹EG?9á7NÞA= õ QP9¹å6=@GEX=ä"K õ å6EG?>ä9«ä]NP=6?INà¹ó;>EG?NPÞA=EJNÞ>=6Q"ÞDHJ?>ðB
H#à¹HGQ@F="à¹EG?>@ EFä9N9¹EG?+9á<NÞ>= QP9¹å6=:@FEX=ä2ð¥E_í2?1ä¢N9 óJî>ü
9NPÞA=6Q2EGá¤NPÞA=ä=-ä¢9NPK>H_NP9EF?í29¹à¹à
à=oHGð!NE-H¬à¹EFäPä õ 9¹?ß_HGàK>=JBGHGååOEFQPõ ð¥9¹?A@:NE¬NPÞA="ð¥9«äPåOK>äPä9EF?!HJñE_ßG=GîG;AKAQNÞ>=6QPâEGQP=JByNÞA="ßyHGà¹KA=
#"
25.9
25.8
25.7
25.6
25.5
25.4
25.3
25.2
I J
57698 LÖ eÕXÖ Õ (& )
8 8 8 @
F 8
,-
8/
14 82 6
2:
(
KAQ29¹?A9N9«HJà ä¢NQVH_N=@Gó#á©EFQ)NÞA=-ä=å6EG?>ð²HJ@F=6?IN29¹ä)HFä&á©EGà¹à¹E_í.äOî¥è&N"HJ?Xó#N9¹â=¬ð¥KAQP9¹?A@
NÞA=ä9âKAà«H_NP9¹EG?LBJ 9áLNÞ>=¬ä¢NE¥åVæ õ QP9«åO=:@GEX=äeK õ BA9N õ à«HGåO=oä0H¯ñAKAó´EFQPðA=6Q XHG?>ð´9ásNPÞA=ä]NPEXåVæ
- %
ä¢=ààEFQPð¥=Q&å6EG?>ðA9ÑNP9¹EG?>ä6îGܸ=-å6HGààDNÞ>=ªQP=äKAàN9¹?A@¯ä]NPQPHJN=6@Fó#NÞA= ä¢NQVH_NP=6@Fó#ä9¹?>åO=ª9N
ð¥EX=ä:= AHGåONà¹óNPÞA=#E õAõ EFä9N=-EGáNÞA=#9¹?A9N9«HGàsä]NPQPHJN=6@FóJîLï¤HGñAà¹= +HJ?>ðï HJñ>à= äÞAE_í NÞ>= !*+!,.-!
9?ð¥9¹QP=å¨NP9¹EG?LB¥QVH_NÞ>=6Q)NÞDHJ?âE_ßX9?>@å6EG?>ä9«ä]NP=6?INà¹ó#9¹?+EF?A=-ð¥9¹Q=oå¨NP9EF?Lî ?âEFä¢N&NPQPHFð¥9¹?A@
G
¦
nWkIivZ¢ghh»LT)Y]Z]gnfPgh\T T)U¥oTPY]T\Z¢¼gpZ]Wi ivZ¢»LY]ghfVTy½·¾
# F$&%> j7kFT.Ï7Wi[ghf:dJZ[Y¢WOZ]TVq
TVhi[TVgpUFUFasÑÑfVW6W6cFfVfVTTY[Y]eeTVY¢Y¢^_§G§GZ¢TPTP»LYOYOY]½½©ghÏ d fVT l ¼4:¼s³In³IWfPfVivcFcGZ¢Y[»LY[Y]Y]TVY]TV^_gn^_fPZ¢TZ¢»L»sY]Y]gnghfPfVToT³I³Xmomy`o`hcIncF\\T6T6¾ ¾
53.7
"price.dat"
53.6
53.5
53.4
53.3
53.2
53.1
53
dLj d_Z]`_f¯»sY]ghfVT XS)TVf® G³
52.9
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
(, 8 : 8 / 94
5 %/ (1321
=HJQP?>ä XNÞA=ß_HJà¹KA=¬9¹?>å6Q=oHGä=äeà9¹?A=oHJQPà¹ó¯E_ßF=6QeN9¹â=Jî
å6HJà«å6KAà«H_N9¹EF?Lî
ï)ÞA=6QP=#9¹ä-EG?A=´HFðAð¥9N9¹EG?DHJà7HGäPä¢KAâ N9¹EG?º9? ï HJñAà¹= ¥÷pä-åHJà«åOKAà«HJN9¹EG? hB¤@FK>HJQé
HJ?IN==69¹?A@´NPÞ>H_N¬NPÞA= õ QP9¹å6=¯HFå¨NKDHJà¹à¹ó²EIäõ å69¹àà«HJN=ä2HGQEFKA?>ðNÞA=à¹9¹?A=JBQVH_NÞ>=6QªNÞ>HG?ºâE_ßX9¹?A@
!')( *(
t2 δ
t2
t3
t1 δ t3 δ
t1
©½ Wy¾ ½«¡¥¾
a
δ t4
t0
t4 t0
>
`Z] `¬i[fV WghhhÑhWO`OZ]¦ TVS)i a¹`6fPg ATYe`oP^IZ]Y]i[kFTPghT)iv^JZ]ZªUFTV^_Y]UFghZ]Y]fVpghT)q:fVT-Z]gn^¬`ªZ[Y]We`oTVi[¦^XfVgh§1W¨hmynW6\TZ]T:UI`JW6§GW6Z[TVY]Z]h`oTPi cFY]
½^^X©§¯W_WO¾.Y]Wª`oi[cFhkFgn^X^F`¨§ª¦
T)i¬We¦
gpfVZ]Z]`okIk#^FT!iv^IZ¢gn`^FW^Fgp^_Z]£Z<gÑÐVW6TPUF
Y]Y]`¬\ghfVi[To`Jh®I§F`½«U¥TV¡A7To¾D® gh^1TPtJ¦
Z]TVkI^Igh§Ff¢ik(Z]Z]kIkFT T¯\UG`JY]§FghfVTVT
= XN=?>ð¥=ð²NPENÞ>=¯å6HFä¢=í2Þ>=6QP=¬NÞA=¯KA?>ð¥=Qà¹óX9¹?A@ õ Q9«åO=¬NPQPHJã]=åONEGQPó´9«ä 0
=HGåVÞ²à¹9¹?A=ªä=6@Fâ=6?IN2å6HJ?²ñ=-åOEG?Dä¢9«ð¥=Q=oð9¹?>ð¥= õ =6?Dð¥=6?INà¹óGî %$! .!#
% -! %'& !.+
@G=ON:âEGQP=ªQP=6à¹9«HJñ>à=:9¹?>ð¥9«å6HJN9¹EG?>äeEJá7NPÞA= õ =6Qá©EGQPâ´HJ?>å6=ä&EJá7NPÞA=NQVHGðA9?>@#ä¢NQVH_NP=6@F9=oäOî>ï)Þ>=
3
õßI9¹à«EFHGà¹åOHJ=¯N9¹=EGHG?DQäs?ANP9¹?AÞA@IQ=ä"=29¹?(N9¹âNÞA=o=#ä7QP9? =ð >ßFõ ="EXEGðAàrHyBLó¥ñAä6K¥îFNï)ÞAí)=.HGä¬QP=ð¥ð 9«ä FEIKDEFHJà à¹9I>K>=HGð+à9 á©>EG=QQPä 9NVí&äª=6äQPÞ>=.HGï<Q= =oHJõ â´EIää¢9NP9XEFB ?1à¹þ9âEGKA9QN
G 1
Q=ßG=6QVä=ªä¢NQVH_NP=6@GóAÿeHJ?>ð Gî
7 G 1
À £ £
À"!
!
\
jjT¨T¨W6W6\\
À"
À
£
GÀ" £ À!
G À £]À"
! £ À"
!À
À
# %J
jT¨W6\ £] À £ ! £ À" £ GÀ £]Ào À
"
ä¢ÞAE_í.äeNPÞA=Q=oä¢K>àÑNVä)EJá¤NÞA=-ä=å6EG?>ð+QEFKA?>ðî
#
jjT¨T¨WW\\!À"
£
!GÀÀ
!
£ À
! £
À
jjT¨T¨WW\
\ ÀÀ À £ À JÀ"
À
£
!
!
£
JÀJ À
JÀÀ
u À"
u
À JÀ6u ! À
jT¨W\À"
£]À
_À £ JÀ
# F$&% X »<¼u<jú¼>ghmyTP£·§IWOZ¢Wb `o\U¥TPZ]gpZ]gh`o^ e`cI^X§Ào³ eT¨§²»`_`o«®½©jT¨W6\ `ocFY"\-WOY]yTPZ[£
\-W6Jgn^FªivZ[Y¢WOZ]TVqX¾
jTV%JW\ ¨£#W6Y 6£# W6 Y O£#W6Y À 6£# WO Y Ào À£ # WOY Z]`Z¢W6 &W6^I
#
jjTVTVWW\\ ÀÀ"
£]À £
À
!
GÀ ££
!J
À £]ÀÀ
JÀ
JÀ"!
À
£
À"
GÀ À
jjTVTVWW\\ À £ £
£
!
£
£ !
£
££¢À"
£
£
G
À"
# %J
# F$&% »<¼u<j¼DghmyT£r§FW6Z¢Web `o\U¥TPZ]gpZ]gh`o^ e`cI^I§ ®G½©jT¨W\ 6`ocGYLY]TVmyTPY]i[T¤ivZ[Y¢W6Z]TV6q jTVW\
"
I`cFY0\-W6Y]oTPZ[£\-WJgh^I.ivZ[Y¢W6Z]TV6qX¾
jT¨W6\ À £ #WOY À
O£#W6Y À £#W6Y ÀO£#W6Y À6£#WOY Z]`6Z¢W eW^I
j# T¨%JW6 \ À £ À £ !
£ À
! £]À
£
£]À
Qõ 9«å6="9¹?>åOQP=HFä¢=oðåOEF?>ä¢9«ä¢N=?FNPà¹ó¯EF?´NÞDH_N2ðAHyóJB¥í2ÞA9«åVÞLB¥HGä õ =6Q)EGKAQ)HJ?DHJà¹ó¥ä¢9«ä6BG9«ä0NPÞA=ªíeEFQPä¢N
å6HGä=¯äPåO=?>HJQP9¹Eá©EGQªNPÞA=#Q=ßG=6QVä=!ä]NPQPHJN=@GóJîLè"ä¬H+Q=oä¢K>àÑNBí&=àEIä]N¬Hà¹EGN:EJá¬þä9¹â¯KAà«HJN=ð pÿ
âEG?A=óJîyö[?å6EG?INQVHGä¢N6ByEG? HJQî ¥B ABoï)ÞA= (RA; ï õ QP9¹å6=0QPEGKA@FÞAà¹ó:EIäå69¹àà«HJN=ð¬HGQEFKA?>ð
Hå6EG?>ä¢NPHG?IN)à¹9¹?A=GB¥HG?>ð+EGKAQ2QP=6ßF=6QVä¢=¬ä]NPQPHJN=@Gó >?A9«äÞA=ð+9¹?NPÞA=ñAà«HGåVæî
10000
"value.dat"
0
-10000
-20000
-30000
-40000
-50000
-60000
-70000
-80000
-90000
! "# $ % !
-100000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
40000
"share.dat"
20000
-20000
-40000
-60000
-80000
& '
! $ ! ' % !
-100000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
26
"price.dat"
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
25
24.8
( '
)
24.6
24.4
24.2
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
-5000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
40000
20000
-20000
-40000
-60000
-80000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
$ %
" %
#
26.2
"price.dat"
26.1
26
25.9
25.8
25.7
25.6
25.5
& %
'
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
#W6Y ³
£
£ À
#W6Y J³
£ £
#W6Y G³
£
#W6Y J³
£ À !
#W6Y G³
À
JÀ £ JÀ
ueue#UGUGW6YY Y G
JÀÀo³³ ³
£
!
GÀÀ
ue# UGFY
J$&³%
gnivZ]`6Y]ghf¨W ££
G À"tG
!
U¥
TP Y]gh\
TV
^_! Z]i !
)(
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
-5000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
! !
" #
$
80000
"share.dat"
60000
40000
20000
-20000
-40000
-60000
-80000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
23.4
23.35
23.3
23.25
23.2
23.15
23.1
23.05
23
á©EGà¹à¹E_í.ä õ
¡FcFq 0TPa¹TPY]TP^IfVT¨»LY]ghfVT ¡IcFq 0TPa¹TY]TV^IfVTV»sY]ghfVT)£
fVcGY[Y]TV^_Z¢»`oi[gpZ]gh`o^ "U¥`oi[gpZ]gh`o^X¼>gh\ghZ "UGY]ghfVT ^IfV`cFY¢WTV\TV^_Z
è.?>ðNPÞA=NPQPHFð¥=ßGEFàK>â=:EGá NPÞA=!ñ>KAó+EFQPðA=6QVä)9?²NPÞA=!ßFEGà¹KAâ=¬åOEG?INPQEFàLâ=ONÞ>EXð1HG?>ð²NÞ>=
åOEGâñA9¹?A=oð´åOEF?FNPQEFàLâ=ONPÞAE¥ð9«ä)å6HGà¹å6KAà«H_NP=ð´HFä&á©EGà¹à¹E_í.ä
¡IcGq ¤`ncF\T my`ncF\T !½vÀ)£<fVcGY[Y]TV^_Z¢»`oi[gpZ]gh`o^ "U¥`oi[gpZ]gh`o^X¼>gh\ghZ "mo`ohcI\T¨u0pZ]TPY¢W6Z]gh`o^¥¾
RX9¹â9à«HGQªåVÞ>HG?A@G=oä!HGQ=´H à¹9¹=ðºNE(NÞA=²ä¢=ààeEGQVð¥=6QVä9¹?4=oHGåVÞ4åOEF?INQPEGà
â=6NÞAE¥ðî;AEFQ
-10000
-20000
-30000
-40000
-50000
-60000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
!
" "
# $
%
40000
"share.dat"
20000
-20000
-40000
-60000
-80000
-100000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
23.7
23.6
23.5
23.4
23.3
23.2
23.1
23
22.9
#W6Y Ào³
À
À
#W6Y ³
£
£
JÀ £
! £
GÀ"
!
#W6Y J³
£ £ £]À
£
#W6Y G³
À À"!GÀ !
#W6Y J³
£]À ! £
#W6Y G³
À
JÀ £]À
À £ À"
#W6Y
JÀo³
JÀ !
À
ueueUGUGYY G À³³
£
G
ÀÀ £]À
À ! À £
GÀ" £
G À
e
u G
U Y
J³
£
GÀ"!
£
!
£
£
# I$&% >> tFU¥TY]gn\TP^JZ]i`^¤W6Y]gnW6Z]gh`^Ii0`a #WOY]yTPZ#WJgh^I-d_Z[Y¢W6Z]TV6q
ð¥EGâ9¹?>HJN=ä)HGààNPÞA=-EJNPÞA=6QVä6î>ï)ÞA=6ó+EJø=6Q"H@GEXE¥ð²ß_HJQP9=6N]óí2ÞA=6?í&=¬NQVHGð¥=¬í29NÞâ´HGQæF=ON
â´HJæX9¹?A@¯ä¢NQVH_NP=6@G9¹=oäOî
Û IÚÙ FÛ¢×
Ô 7Ô:Ø2Ù"Õ¥Ù.Ö ×
Ö F
8 #
â´HJQPæG=ONVäOB>NÞA=Q=â´Hyó+= ¥9¹ä¢N:å6EGââ9«ää9¹EG?+EGQ:NPHåVÞ>HGQ@F=ä"=HGåVÞNP9¹â=¯HNPQPHG?>äPHGå¨NP9¹EG?9«ä
G
?AEJN.ñ=K>ä=ðî
Üò=2Þ>HyßF=2à¹9â9NP=ð9¹?¥á©EFQâ´HJN9¹EG?!HGñDEFK¥NNÞ>="ä]NPQPHJN=@G9¹=ä K>ä=ðñXó¯EGNÞA=Q0HJ@F=6?INPä79¹?NÞ>=
M <èï åOEGâ õ =ONP9N9¹EG?LîñAK¥N
ä¢EFâ=0æF=6óXíeEFQPð>äsK>ä=ð-NE¬ð¥=äPåOQP9¹ñD=0NÞA=â EG?-NPÞA=)íe=ñ>ä9ÑNP=
HJQP= ¨å6QEIääE_ßG=Q âE_ßX9¹?A@HyßG=QPHG@G=GB V9¹?IN=QPä=åON9¹?A@:NÞA=ª@G=EGâ=6NQP9¹åeNPQ=?>ðB ¨åHGä=Oévñ>HGä=ð
sÖ sÔ:Ú
8 8
8 8
¥î "9¹QNK>HGà<RINE¥åVæü¥õ åVÞDHJ?A@F= ¥ÞIN¢N õ yí2í2í¬î ßI9¹QNK>HGà«ä]õ NPEXåVæF= AåVÞ>HG?A@G=Gî å6EGâõ