PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOLS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Prototype Course Syllabus

Course Title: Parasitology

Course Description:

This course deals with the study of human parasites which are of medical importance especially those commonly found in the Philippines. Emphasis is given on the
epidemiology, pathogenecity, distribution, life cycle, and laboratory identification of each parasite. Preventive measures against infection and control are also given emphasis

Course Credit: 3 units (2 units lecture, 1 unit laboratory)

Contact Hours: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory per week (36 hours lecture and 54 hours laboratory per semester)

Prerequisite: Human Anatomy and Physiology

st
Placement: Third Year, 1 Semester

Terminal Competencies: At the end of this course, the student is able to:
1. identify medically important parasites with emphasis on their characteristics, pathophysiology, and diagnostic features.
2. perform routine and other laboratory tests used in the identification of parasites in different samples submitted to the laboratory.
3. discuss the importance of prevention and control of parasitic infection.
4. manifest personal and professional values of a medical technologist.

References:
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1. Arora D.R. and Arora B. Medical Parasitology 2 ed. India: CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2007.
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2. Ash, Lawrence and Thomas Orihel. Atlas of Human Parasitology 5 ed. USA: ASCP Press, 2007.
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3. Belizario, V.Y Jr. and W. U. De Leon. Philippine Textbook of Parasitology, 2 ed. Manila: Publications Program, 2002
rd
4. Boqitsh, Burton, Clint Carter and Thomas Oeltmann. Human Parasitology 3 ed. USA: Academic Press, 2005.
th
5. Garcia, Lynn Shore. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology 5 ed. USA: ASM Press, 2006.
6. Heelan, Judith and Frances Ingersoll. Essentials of Human Parasitology. USA: Delmar Learning, 2001.
7. Ichhpujani R.L, Bhatia. Medical Parasitology. India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India , 2002
th
8. John, David and William Petri. Markell and Voge’s Medical Parasitology 9 ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2006.
9. Leventhal, Ruth and Cheadle, Russell. Medical Parasitology: A Self-Instructional Text. USA: F.A. Davis Co., 2002.

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 nd
10. McClatchey, Kenneth. Clinical Laboratory Medicine 2 ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002.
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11. Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 21 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2007.
th
12. Peters, Wallace and Geoffrey Pasvol. Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 6 ed. Edinburg: Mosby, 2006.
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13. Roberts, Larry, J. Janovy and P. Schimdt. Foundations of Parasitology 7 ed. McGraw-Hill Science, 2004.

Electronic References:
1. http.www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/intpar1.htm
2. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/book/parasit-sta.htm
3. http://www.ksu.edu/parasitology
4. http://www.udel.edu/medtech/dlehman/medt372/
5. Microscopic Diagnosis of Food and Water Borne Parasites [Electronic Data]. UP College of Public Health, 2003.

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 Learning Objectives / T.A. Teaching Strategies Skills Values Evaluation/Assessment
Intermediate Competencies Content
Lecture Laboratory
At the end of this unit, the student I. Introduction to Parasitology 5 Integrated Method Laboratory exercises Technological Obedience Unit test
is able to: 1. Definition of Terms hrs Lecture/ Skills -follows Performance Evaluation
1. Define common terms related 2. Types of host: Discussion with Identification of the (Uses established Checklist
to parasitology 2.1. Definitive, the use of C.D. different stages of each technological procedures Quizzes
2. Discuss the types of host 2.2. Intermediate, (Power Point parasite using prepared equipment properly Periodical Examinations
3. Explain the different modes of 2.3. Reservoir Presentation) slides accurately, -follows Class Participation
transmission of parasites 2.4. Paratenic properly and in protocols as Unit test
4. Discuss the types of life 3. Modes of transmission and portal of Lecture/Discussion timely manner) defined in policy Practical Examination
cycles Entry and procedure Class Participation
5. Explain the pathophysiology 4. Types of life cycle Technical Skills manual. Quizzes
and symptomatology of 4.1. Direct/Homogenic Motor/Mobility Honesty,
parasitic infection/disease 4.2. Indirect/Heterogenic skills Compassion
6. Discuss specimen collection, 5. Pathophysiology and symptomatology of
transport, handling, Parasitic Infections
preservation, processing, and 6. Specimen collection, transport, handling,
disposal. preservation, processing and disposal.
7. Characterize an acceptable 6.1. Role of medical technologist
specimen (stool, urine, etc.) 7. Specimens for examination of parasites
for analysis. 7.1. Criteria for acceptability
8. Discuss the host-parasite 7.2. Variables that may affect test
relationships results
9. Perform the different 8. Host-Parasite Relationship
techniques used in the 9. Techniques Used in the Identification of
identification of parasites Parasites
10. Explain the different factors 9.1. Factors that may alter test results
that may alter test results. 10. Prevention and Control
11. Discuss the importance of 10.1. Parasitic Infection as a public
prevention and control of health problem
infection Laboratory: 9
Laboratory Work hrs
1. Microscopic Examination
1.1. Direct Fecal Smear
1.2. Scotch Tape technique
1.3. Concentration techniques
1.4. Staining techniques
1.5. Thick and thin blood smear
2. Emerging technologies (immunologic
methods, etc.)
3. Laboratory Safety
4. Proper Waste Disposal
At the end of this unit, the student II. Nematodes Lecture/Discussion Laboratory exercises Technical skills Responsibility Unit test
is able to: A. Aphasmid (Adenophorea) Case Analysis Accountability Performance
1. Describe the general 1. Trichuris trichiura Identification of the Hard work Practical exam

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 morphology of nematodes 2. Trichinella spiralis different stages of each Commitment Evaluation
2. Explain the pathophysiology, 3. Capillaria philippinensis parasite using prepared Faithfulness Checklist
life cycle, infective stages, B. Phasmids slides Quizzes
modes of transmission, 4. Ascaris lumbricoides Periodical Examinations
prevention and control 5. Toxocara cati Class Participation
3. Describe the diagnostic 6. Toxocara canis
features of each parasite. 7. Necator americanus
4. Enumerate the different 8. Ancylostoma duodenale
specimens used for 9. Ancylostoma braziliense
identification 10. Ancylostoma caninum
5. Identify correctly the 11. Strongyloides stercoralis
diagnostic features of each 12. Enterobius vermicularis
parasite. 13. Gnathostoma spinigerum
6. Perform the laboratory tests 14. Angiostrongylus cantonensis
7. Discuss specimen collection, 15. Wuchereria bancrofti
transport, processing, 16. Brugia malayi
preservation and disposal 17. Loa loa
18. Onchocerca volvulus
19. Mansonella perstans
20. Mansonella streptocerca
21. Mansonella ozzardi

Lecture: 7
1. Morphology hrs
2. Pathophysiology
3. Life cycle
4. Specimens used for identification
5. Diagnostic features of each stage
6. Prevention and control

Laboratory: 12
1. Identification of parasites using clinical hrs
specimens and prepared slides
2. Laboratory Safety
3. Proper Waste Disposal
At the end of this unit, the student III. Cestodes (Tapeworms) Integrated Method Laboratory exercises Technical skills Prudence Unit test
is able to: 1. Taenia saginata Lecture/Discussion Integrity Performance
1. Describe the general 2. Taenia solium Identification of the Respect Practical exam
morphology of nematodes 3. Hymenolepis nana Reporting different stages of each Cooperation Evaluation
2. Explain the pathophysiology, 4. Hymenolepsis diminuta Case analysis parasite using prepared Commitment Checklist
life cycle, infective stages, 5. Diphylobothrium latum slides Compassion Quizzes
modes of transmission, 6. Echinococcus granulosus Love of Periodical Examinations
prevention and control 7. Spirometra mansoni fellowmen Class Participation
3. Describe the diagnostic
features of each parasite. Lecture: 7
4. Enumerate the different 1. Morphology hrs
specimens used for 2. Pathophysiology

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 identification
5. Identify correctly the diagnostic
features of each parasite.
6. Perform the laboratory tests
7. Discuss specimen collection,
transport, processing,
preservation and disposal
At the end of this unit, the student
is able to:
1. Describe the general
morphology of trematodes
2. Explain the pathophysiology,
life cycle, infective stages,
modes of transmission,
prevention and control
3. Describe the diagnostic
features of each parasite.
4. Enumerate the different
specimens used for
identification
5. Identify correctly the
diagnostic features of each
parasite.
6. Perform the laboratory tests
7. Discuss specimen collection,
transport, processing,
preservation, and disposal
3. Life cycle
4. Specimens used for identification
5. Diagnostic features of each stage
6. Prevention and control
Laboratory: 9
1. Identification of parasites using clinical hrs
specimens and prepared slides
2. Laboratory Safety
3. Proper Waste Disposal
IV. Trematodes Lecture/ Laboratory exercises Technical skills Prudence Unit test
A. Sarcodina Discussion Integrity Performance
Parasitic Amoeba Case studies Identification of the Respect Practical exam
1. Entamoeba histolytica different stages of each awareness, Evaluation
2. Entamoeba coli parasite using prepared appreciation, Checklist
3. Endolimax nana slides logical thinking, Quizzes
4. Iodamoeba butschlii enthusiasm, Periodical Examinations
5. Entamoeba gingivalis perseverance Class Participation
B. Rhizopoda (Pathogenic Free-Living
Amoeba)
1. Naegleria fowleri
2. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni
3. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
4. Acanthamoeba castellani
5. Acanthamoeba astronyxis
C. Ciliata
1. Balantidium coli
D. Zoomastigophora
Atrial Flagellates
1. Giardia lamblia
2. Trichomonas vaginalis
3. Trichomonas hominis
4. Trichomonas tenax
5. Diantemoeba fragilis
6. Chilomastix mesnili
Blood and Tissue Fagellates
1. Trypanasoma gambiense
2. Trypanosoma rhodosiense
3. Trypanosoma cruzi
4. Leishmania brasiliense
5. Leishmania donovani
E. Sporozoa
1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium malariae
4. Plasmodium ovale
5. Isospora belli
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 6. Eimeria spp.
7. Toxoplasma gondii
8. Sarcocystis hominis
9. Sarcocystis suihominis
10. Sarcocystislindemanni
11. Cryptosporidium spp.

Lecture: 7
1. Morphology hrs
2. Pathophysiology
3. Life cycle
4. Specimens used for identification
5. Diagnostic features of each stage
6. Prevention and control

At the end of this unit, the student
is able to:
1. Describe the general
morphology of protozoa
2. Explain the pathophysiology,
life cycle, infective stages,
modes of transmission,
prevention and control
3. Describe the diagnostic
features of each parasite.
4. Enumerate the different
specimens used for
identification
5. Identify correctly the
diagnostic features of each
parasite.
6. Perform the laboratory tests
7. Discuss specimen collection,
handling, processing,
preservation and disposal
Laboratory: 12
1. Identification of parasites using clinical hrs
specimens and prepared slides
2. Laboratory Safety
3. Proper Waste Disposal
V. Protozoa Lecture/ Laboratory exercises Technical skills Prudence Unit test
A. Sarcodina Discussion Integrity Performance
Parasitic Amoeba Case studies Identification of the Respect Practical exam
1. Entamoeba histolytica different stages of each awareness, Evaluation
2. Entamoeba coli parasite using prepared appreciation, Checklist
3. Endolimax nana slides logical thinking, Quizzes
4. Iodamoeba butschlii enthusiasm, Periodical Examinations
5. Entamoeba gingivalis perseverance Class Participation
B. Rhizopoda (Pathogenic Free-Living
Amoeba)
1. Naegleria fowleri
2. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni
3. Acanthamoeba polyphaga
4. Acanthamoeba castellani
5. Acanthamoeba astronyxis
C. Ciliata
1. Balantidium coli
D. Zoomastigophora
Atrial Flagellates
2. Giardia lamblia
3. Trichomonas vaginalis
4. Trichomonas hominis
5. Trichomonas tenax
6. Diantemoeba fragilis
7. Chilomastix mesnili
Blood and Tissue Fagellates
1. Trypanasoma gambiense

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 2. Trypanosoma rhodosiense
3. Trypanosoma cruzi
4. Leishmania brasiliense
5. Leishmania donovani
E. Sporozoa
1. Plasmodium falciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium malariae
4. Plasmodium ovale
5. Isospora belli
6. Eimeria spp.
7. Toxoplasma gondii
8. Sarcocystis hominis
9. Sarcocystis suihominis
10. Sarcocystislindemanni
11. Cryptosporidium spp.

Lecture: 8
1. Morphology hrs
2. Pathophysiology
3. Life cycle
4. Specimens used for identification
5. Diagnostic features of each stage
6. Prevention and control

Laboratory: 12
1. Identification of parasites using clinical hrs
specimens and prepared slides
2. Laboratory Safety
3. Proper Waste Disposal

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 Technical Working Group for Prototype Course Syllabi Development
(2007-2008)

Zennie Aceron Frederick Llanera Anacleta Valdez

Petrona Benitez Carina Magbojos Rowen Yolo
Sergia Cacatian Gregorio Martin
Zenaida Cajucom Fe Martinez and other PASMETH members
Edwin Cancino Josephine Milan not cited in this page who in
Jacinta Cruz Ferdinand Mortel one way or another has
De Carlos Leon Magdalena Natividad contributed greatly to the
success of this endeavor…
Oliver Shane Dumaoal Rodolfo Rabor
Bernard Ebuen Ma. Teresa Rodriguez
Nini Lim Celia Roslin

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