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TRAVIS W. BARKER,
Plaintiff,
Defendants.
COMPLAINT
Comes now Travis W. Barker, by and through counsel, John H. Bryan, and for his
1. The Plaintiff, Travis W. Barker, is now, and was at all times relevant hereto,
State of West Virginia tasked with the mission of statewide enforcement of criminal and
traffic laws, and at all times relevant hereto employed Trooper C.N. Workman.
hereto employed as a West Virginia State Police Trooper stationed in Mercer County,
West Virginia. Trooper Workman was at all times acting under color of authority
conferred upon him by such position and is named in this lawsuit in his official capacity
the State of West Virginia, and as such, is liable for the negligent conduct of its agents
and employees, including the Sheriff, the Sheriffʼs Department, and the employees of
the Sheriffʼs Department, as well as the Prosecuting Attorney and the employees of the
Prosecuting Attorney, so long as that conduct was carried out within the scope of their
employment. See West Virginia Governmental Tort Claims and Insurance Reform Act,
agents of Defendant MCC are hereby alleged to have been committed by said agents
and/or employees acting in the scope of their employment and authority. The causes of
action asserted herein against Defendant MCC refer to acts performed by agents and
employees of said Defendant political subdivision, rather than the formulation and
implementation of policy related to how law enforcement and police protection are
provided.
6. All state agencies who are party defendants to this action, as well as the
Attorney General, were properly served with pre-suit notice of this action pursuant to W.
political subdivision are only seeking to recover to the extent that said entities are
covered by liability insurance and do not seek to recover State funds. It is furthermore
hereby alleged and pleaded that there exists insurance coverage for each such cause
1 Applicable insurance coverage includes, but is not limited to, “Coverage E. Wrongful Act Liability
Insurance” under the West Virginia Comprehensive Liability Coverage Form.”
officials hereby asserts and alleges, that with respect to each such cause of action and
allegation herein, that said Defendants were acting within the scope of their authority
and knowingly violated clearly established law that a reasonable public agency,
STATEMENT OF FACTS
8. Plaintiff was at all times relevant hereto, and continues to be, actively
employed as a correctional officer employed by the U.S. Bureau of Prisons (“US BOP”)
and the U.S. Department of Justice (U.S. D.O.J.), and also previously served in the
9. Plaintiff is qualified under the federal Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act
provision of the law of any State or any political subdivision thereof.”2 As required
of, or the incarceration of any person for, any violation of law”; (3) who has “statutory
powers of arrest”;3 (4) is “authorized by the agency to carry a firearm”; (5) is and was
“not the subject of any disciplinary action by the agency”; (6) “meets standards, if any,
established by the agency which require [Plaintiff] to regularly qualify in the use of a
firearm; and (7) is “not prohibited by Federal law from receiving a firearm”. The U.S.
2LEOSA, H.R. 218, was signed into law by President George W. Bush on July 22, 2004, and is codified
as 18 U.S. Code 926B.
3 See 18 U.S.C. § 3050 (authorizing US BOP employees to make arrests for various infractions of law).
10. As further required for compliance with LEOSA, at no time has Plaintiff
carried a concealed weapon while under the influence of alcohol or any other
hallucinatory drug or substance, and has always carried “the photographic identification
11. Through his employment with the US BOP, the Plaintiff was stationed at a
federal prison in Beaver, West Virginia. There he met Michelle Workman, who is and
was at all times relevant hereto, also a federal law enforcement officer. Michelle
12. In early 2008, the Plaintiff and Michelle Workman had a sexual encounter.
Plaintiff was not married at the time. However, Workman was married.
13. Workmanʼs husband, Trooper C.N. Workman was then stationed at the
14. Trooper Workman found out about, or otherwise suspected, that his wife
15. Sometime thereafter, while Plaintiff was in the sporting goods section of
the Princeton, West Virginia, Walmart, Trooper Workman called Plaintiffʼs cell phone
and threatened to kill him and demanded that they meet somewhere privately and settle
their differences using physical violence. Plaintiff, suspecting that Workman would
show up in his uniform and that he would ultimately be killed or arrested by him, replied
warned the Plaintiff that her husband had been transferred to the Mercer County
detachment of the WVSP, and that he was going to pull him over and do something to
him. She stated to other federal officers who were with Barker that “since [my] husband
got transferred to the Mercer County detachment that he will be pulling [you] over if
17. On July 10, 2008, the Plaintiff was driving southbound on North McNutt
Avenue in Mercer County, West Virginia. Ashley D. Graham (now Barker) was a
Avenue.
19. Upon observing the Plaintiffʼs vehicle, Workman made a “U turn”, and
20. Workman requested the Plaintiffʼs driverʼs license, registration, and proof
of insurance, which were provided. Workman then asked if there were any weapons in
the vehicle. The Plaintiff responded in the affirmative, and replied that he had a
handgun in the center console and a hunting knife in the glovebox. Trooper Workman
then instructed Plaintiff to extract the handgun, which he immediately confiscated and
21. The Plaintiff then observed Workman talking on his cell phone. According
they agreed with his decision to confiscate the Plaintiffʼs handgun and to ultimately
22. Trooper Workman then returned to the Plaintiffʼs vehicle and instructed the
23. Barker was then taken behind Workmanʼs cruiser and was searched and
handcuffed. Workman told Barker that he was under arrest for carrying a concealed
weapon
WVSP, where he un-cuffed the Plaintiffʼs right hand, and then cuffed his left hand to a
25. Workman then put two black leather gloves on both of his hands, and
began to walk towards the Plaintiff. Workman stated, “you thought I was going to let this
26. At this time there were no other individuals present other than Workman
and Barker, and upon information and belief, the surveillance camera was inoperable,
as they often conveniently are in various WVSP detachments when situations such as
this occur.
27. Trooper Workman further stated, “your trying to tear my fucking family
apart?”
28. Trooper Workman then struck the Plaintiffʼs face and ribs with closed fists,
while screaming, “come on you fucking pussy ass marine, hit me mother fucker, Iʼll kill
well that Workman would either kill him, or use his actions as justification for his use of
30. Trooper Workman then beat the Plaintiff in the area of his ribs, and then
jumped on top of the bench, placing his fingers under the Plaintiffʼs neck, twisting and
31. The Plaintiff then responded, “thereʼs no honor in this man, if this is what
you wanted, why didnʼt you meet me out with civilian clothes on?”
32. Trooper Workman then tried to knee Plaintiff in the face by putting his
hands on the back of his head and striking up with his knee. Plaintiff was able to
33. Trooper Workman then began to beat the back of Plaintiffʼs head and
34. During this time, the Plaintiff remained handcuffed to the floor.
35. Lastly, Workman shouted, “Iʼll fucking kill you,” and he stopped beating the
Plaintiff and began to walk away. He then said, “Officer Taylor and Mercado will get
36. Plaintiff then evaluated his body and observed blood coming from his right
nostril. His ribs were sore, along with his left wrist, which was still cuffed to the floor.
37. Plaintiff then rubbed the blood from his nostril onto his shirt, as well as
onto the bench on which he was sitting, in order to preserve evidence that he was there,
do about this?” Suddenly, Trooper Workman looked around. Plaintiff heard another
vehicle pull into the detachment parking lot. Workman then left the room. A few
39. Trooper Christian looked at the Plaintiff and asked him how he got blood
on his shirt. Plaintiff replied that Trooper Workman had hit him in the face with a closed
fist. Christian then left the room. Christian then returned and informed the Plaintiff that
“our Sergeant is coming in to speak with you.” Christian then fingerprinted the Plaintiff
40. Sergeant M. Crowder then walked in the room and began to take
photographs of the Plaintiff - of his head, his shirt, the blood, his wrist, and his rib area.
Plaintiff was having chest pains and difficulty breathing. EMS was called.
41. Upon arrival, EMS found the Plaintiff with heightened blood pressure and
in a condition consistent with his complaints. Plaintiff refused EMS transport to the
presentation to the emergency room, Plaintiff presented with injuries consistent with
having been beaten. Additionally, Dr. Afzal U. Ahmed noted that there was soft tissue
swelling to the the Plaintiffʼs wrist where he was handcuffed to the floor.
43. The Plaintiff later was forced to spend the night in Bluefield Jail before he
44. As soon as his family doctor opened the following Monday, the Plaintiff
presented in his office for evaluation and treatment. Plaintiffʼs family doctor found that
had a golfball sized contusion on his thigh, mild swelling and bruising on his forearm, a
large fist-sized bruise on his ribs, tenderness along his cervical area, as well as cervical
strain.
45. Plaintiff was charged with carrying a concealed weapon, and assault on a
law enforcement officer (Workman claimed that Plaintiff “assumed a combative stance”
prior to using force against him). The Prosecuting Attorneyʼs office claims ignorance of
LEOSA and has yet to drop the charges against the Plaintiff.
previous paragraphs.
Plaintiff.
48. Defendants did cause harmful and offensive contact to the Plaintiff as
suffered harm, including personal injuries, extreme emotional distress, damage to his
previous paragraphs.
Workman in his battery of the Plaintiff, as detailed above and incorporated herein.
53. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant MCCʼs conduct, the Plaintiff
suffered harm, including personal injuries, extreme emotional distress, damage to his
previous paragraphs.
Defendantsʼ actions.
56. Defendants breached that duty as detailed above and incorporated herein,
b. negligently aiding and abetting the arrest of the Plaintiff for carrying
c. negligently detaining the Plaintiff against his will with no legal right
to do so;
to do so;
g. negligently failing to comply with West Virginia and federal law and
the legal rights of the Plaintiff as described above in detail and incorporated herein.
suffered harm, including personal injuries, extreme emotional distress, damage to his
previous paragraphs.
59. The WVSP has the authority to formulate, implement, and administer the
policies, customs, and practices of their employees, subordinates, and agents, some of
whom are also Defendants named or described herein, which represents the official
policies, customs, and practices each Defendant named above, and subjects them to
60. The MCC is statutorily vicariously liable for the negligent acts of its
61. The individual Defendants named and/or described herein were at all
relevant times acting within their scope of employment for the above named employer/
entity Defendants.
62. As a direct and proximate result of the above named and described
Defendantsʼ and partiesʼ actions, Plaintiff suffered harm, including personal injuries,
he is entitled to recover.
previous paragraphs.
64. The conduct by all Defendants herein, as set forth above in detail, was so
66. Defendants knew, or should have known, that Plaintiff would suffer
paragraphs.
69. Defendants WVSP and MCC had a duty to adequately supervise and train
the employees, agents, troopers and deputies of the Mercer County Sheriffʼs
Department and the WVSP, as well as employees of the Pocahontas County Sheriffʼs
70. The WVSP and the MCC breached this duty by failing to adequately train
and supervise their employees, agents, officers, and troopers, to not commit the said
detain federal law enforcement officers employed by the US BOP who exercise their
backup when dealing with individuals with whom a trooper has a personal issue or
animosity;
policies and procedures, to wit: using physical force and excessive physical force on a
71. The WVSP was furthermore negligent in hiring Trooper Workman given
his mental health issues which were revealed during his pre-WVSP military service, and
employed as a trooper when they knew, or should have known, that he had mental
health issues and improper use of force issues during the course of his employment.
Defendants directly and proximately caused Plaintiff to suffer harm, including personal
injuries, extreme emotional distress, damage to reputation, and economic damages, for
previous paragraphs.
74. The above named Defendants, individually and in their official capacities,
owed a legal duty to the Plaintiff, and the public in general, to properly follow all adopted
75. Due to the Defendantsʼ failure to follow the adopted policies and
procedures of their respective governmental entities as detailed above, the Plaintiff, and
knowingly refused to exercise their clear legal duties as prescribed by the adopted
policies and procedures of their respective governmental entities, as detailed above and
as follows:
officers for carrying a concealed weapon when they are authorized pursuant to federal
law (LEOSA) to carry a concealed weapon without a state or local permit and for
otherwise failing to train officers and troopers not to arrest individuals who have not
committed an arrestable offense and for otherwise failing to train officers and troopers
backup when dealing with individuals with whom a trooper has a personal issue or
animosity;
policies and procedures, to wit: using physical force and excessive physical force on a
77. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 53-1-1, et seq., Plaintiff requests the
governmental entities;
who exercise their rights under LEOSA, and by properly training and supervising
troopers, officers, employees and deputies not to make arrests, or violate constitutional
g. comply with the proper police procedure and practice of calling for a
supervisor or backup when dealing with an individual with whom the officer has a
for legal “use of force” of not using physical force, or excessive physical force, against a
detainee handcuffed to the floor based merely on the statement that the individual
“assumed a combative stance” when no physical force, or less excessive physical force
was required.
previous paragraphs.
79. Due to the above named Defendants, individually and in their official
capacities, deliberate and knowingly failing to comply with the adopted policies and
procedures of their respective governmental entities, Plaintiff, and the public in general,
80. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 53-1-1, et seq., and the authority
granted the Court in State ex rel. West Virginia Highlands Conservancy v. State Div. of
Envtl. Protection, 193 W. Va. 88, 458 S.E.2d 88 (1995), Plaintiff demands judgment of
and from the above named Defendants, individually and in their official capacities, in the
form of all attorney fees expended and accrued in prosecuting this civil action and writ
of mandamus.
WHEREFORE, the Plaintiff respectfully requests the following from the Court:
economic damages, damage to reputation, lost wages, loss of earning capacity and all
such other relief as this Court deems just in a fair and just amount to be determined by
a jury at trial;
2. General damages for past, present and future pain and suffering, mental
anguish, permanent injury, loss of earning capacity, loss of enjoyment of life and
4. Judgment against the WVSP and MCC in the form of an Order compelling
the Defendants to comply with the adopted policies and procedures of their respective
6. Costs and attorney fees expended in this civil action and the pending
criminal actions;
7. Any other further general or specific relief that this Court deems just and
proper.
TRAVIS W. BARKER
By Counsel
John H. Bryan (WV Bar No. 10259)
611 Main Street
P.O. Box 366
Union, WV 24983
(304) 772-4999
Fax: (304) 772-4999
jhb@johnbryanlaw.com