Concept ESifU Process

atmifx#G f
cJhaom&uftenf;i,fu pma&;olukd tywfpOfxkwf urÇmausmfr*¾ r *¾Z if ;rS owif;pmq&mwpfOD;u ar;cGef;wpfckar;onf/
vGef ]]vl awG a0zefaewJh tajccHOya'ukd vufcHwJholtjzpfeJY twk d u f t cH a wG u rif ; uk d a0zef M uw,f a emf / NyD ; awmh
tJ'DtajccHOya'ukd rif;u oifwef;ykdYcsw,fvkdYajymMuw,f/ bmaMumifh tJ'DtajccHOya'ukd vufcH&ovJ}} [k ar;jcif;jzpfonf/
]](1) ay;xm;csujf zpfvYdk (2) uReaf wmf[m tajccHOya'rsm; ar;NyD; tMumBuD;Nidru f somG ;avonf/ pma&;olu ]]jrefrmEkid if &H UJ
&JU oabmobm0ukd bJUG vGeyf nmtjzpf qnf;yl;cJzh ;l NyD; 'DtajccH EkdifiHa&; Polarization rSm&SdaewJh bufESpfzufvkH; vufcHEkdifwJh
Oya'opf&UJ oabmobm0ukv d nf; ausnufpmG oabmayguf tajccHOya'wpfcka&;zkdY b,favmufcufw,fqkdwm pOf;pm;
wJhtwGuf jzpfygw,f}} [k pma&;olajzcJhonf/ Munfhyg}} [k ajymaomtcg ]]ESpfzufpvkH;u twkdif;twmwpfck
jrefrmEkid if \
H tajccHOya'opfudk avhvmok;H oyfot l rsm; txd vufcHEkdifwJh tajccHOya'wpfcak &;zkYd odycf ufw,fqw dk m
pkonf tqkdygtajccHOya'\ Concept ac: oabmobm0ESifh igem;vnfygw,f}} [k xkdyk*¾dKvfu ajzygonf/
Process ac: jzpfay:vmykHESpfckteuf Process ac: jzpfay:vmykH taemufEkdifiHom;rsm;onf tvG,fwul wHqdyfuyf
ukd tjrifoefMuonfukd awGU&onf/ Process ac: jzpfay:ykHrSm ay;pm;wwfolrsm;r[kwf&m ¤if;wkdYukdajym&onfrSm pma&;ol\
jrifomxifom&SdNyD; vlwkdif;vnf; jrifEkdifaomaMumifh Process jrefrmrdwfaqGrsm;ukd &Sif;jy&ouJhokdY vuf0ifjcif;r&Sday/
ukd jrifEkdif&efrSm rcJ,Of;yg/ Concept ac: oabmobm0ukd tajccHOya'pmtkyx f w J iG f a&;om;jy|mef;xm;aom jzpfEidk f
em;vnfEidk &f efupd rö mS oDt&dk t D ajccHvt kd yfcsuf&adS omaMumifh em; ajcrsm; vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&;twGuf vTwfawmf
vnf&efcufcaJ omoabm&So d nf/ txl;ojzifh wpfcv k ;Hk oabm ESpf&yfwGif jynfolvlxktusKd;ukd trSefwu,fvkdvm;ol 333
ukd okH;oyfEkdif&eftwGuf tajccHOya'rsm;\ tvkyfwm0efrsKd;pkH a,muf vkdtyfygonf/ jynfolvlxk\wm0efrSm 498 a,muf
ukd ausnuf&efvt dk yfygonf/ yk'rf wpfcu k dk oabmaygufaomf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufrnfhvTwfawmfESpf&yfwGif tqkdyg 333
vnf; xkdyk'frukdjyefí Check and Balance vkyfxm;aom tjcm; a,muf ay:xGe;f atmif 0kid ;f 0ef;vkyaf qmifay;Mua&;jzpfygonf/
yk'rf wpfcu k dk rjrifEidk vf Qif rsurf jrifyP k mÖ ;ajcmufa,muf qifprf; jrefrmEkdifiH\ zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'opft& Oya'opf
onfhoabm oufa&mufoGm;wwfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ wpfcjk y|mef;&ef a&G;cs,w f ifajr§mufct H rwf 498? wyfrawmf cefY
tajccHOya'wkdY\ Concept ukd em;rvnfEkdifonfhtcg trwf 166? aygif; 664 \ wpf0ufjzpfaom 333 rJvdktyf
xkdtajccHOya'ay:aygufykH Process ukdom jrifawGUMuawmhrnf NyD; or®wjzpfolwGif ADwdktmPmr&Sdyg/ odkYaomf tjcm;½Iaxmifh
jzpfNyD; tck trsm;Mum;ae&onfrh w S cf surf sK;d ukd &&So d nfrmS rqef; wpfckuMunfhvQif or®wjzpfol vufrcHEkdifaom Oya'wpf&yf
yg/ þtajccHOya'ukd em;vnfoabmaygufolwpfOD;taejzifh udk vTwfawmfESpf&yfu jy|mef;rnfqdkvQif wyfrawmfcefYtrwf
pkd;&drfrdonfrSm þtajccHOya'ukd pmtkyfxJwGif a&;om;jy|mef; 166 rJ axmufcrH rI &&SEd idk í f a&G;cs,fcv H w T af wmftrwf 498 OD;
xm;onfhtwkdif; vufawGUvkdufygtaumiftxnfazmfEkdifa&; \ rJrsm;teuf 333 rJ vdktyfonfhoabmjzpfonf/ 498 \
udpöomvQif jzpfygonf/ teuf 333 rJqdkonfrSm oHk;yHkESpfyHkvdktyfcsuf&Sdonfqdkaom
pma&;oltm; ar;cGe;f ar;cJo h nfo h wif;axmufudk ]]rif;a&m oabmjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhajym&vQif (Default Veto
'DtajccHOya'ukd b,fvkdxifovJ}} [k ar;aomtcg ¤if;u &Sdaeonfqdkaomoabmjzpfygonf/) tar&duefjynfaxmifpk
yck;H wGeYf jyonf/ pma&;olu ]]'Dvq dk &dk if rif;ukd ig ar;cGe;f wpfck wGiv f nf; or®wu ADwt dk mPmESiyhf ,fcsxm;aom Oya'wpf&yf
ar;r,f/ rif; tar&duefzUGJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ukd oabm udk twnfjyK&ef vTwfawmfESpf&yfaygif;\ oHk;yHkESpfyHk vdktyfcsuf
aygufovm;}} [k ar;vku d o f nf/ ¤if;u ]]aygufygw,f}} [k &Sdygonf/
ajzonf/ xkdtcg pma&;olu þtajccHOya'udpu ö dk pOf;pm;onft h cgwkid ;f pma&;ol\
]]aumif;NyD/ 'Dvkdqkd&if qkdygawmhuGm? or®wbm;&ufcf pdwfwGif þtajccHOya'\ ausm½kd;ukd pOf;pm;oGm;cJhol\ ra&;
tkb d m;rm;&JU vkyyf idk cf iG ahf wGxu J ADwt dk mPmudzk ,fNyD; tJ'gtpm; xm;cJhaom trSmpum;wpfck Mum;&ovkdvkd tNrJcHpm;&onf/
txufvTwfawmfeJY atmufvTwfawmfrSm olYpdwfBudKuf vl 25 jynforl sm;eJY Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm; omrefxufyNdk yD; nDnw G Ef idk Mf ur,f
&mckid Ef eI ;f cefYtyfciG jhf yefay;r,fq&dk if rif; b,fvo dk abm&ovJ}} qk&d if tjyeftvSex f ed ;f ausmif;rI&w dS hJ Ekid if aH &;pepfwpfcu k dk tao
[k ar;vkdufonf/ tcsm cHpm;&&SdMuygvdrfhr,fqkdaompum;jzpfonf/
]]igomtkb d m;rm;qk&d ifawmh vufcrH mS yJ}} [k ¤if;u jyefajz þaqmif;yg;ukd a&;cJjh cif;twGuf pma&;oludk trsm;u rnfoYdk
onf/ ]]tJ'Doabmw&m;ukd 'Drkdua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&;vkyf a0zefMuawmhrnfudk pma&;oloyd gonf/ aemifwiG f þtajccHOya'
wJh EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHrSm okH;w,fqkd&if rif;b,fvkdjrifovJ}} [k ukd ynm&Sit f rsK;d rsK;d wkYdu ynm&yf½aI xmifrh S toD;oD;ok;H oyf Muonfh
pma&;olu ar;vkdufonf/ tcgwGif þudpu ö kd pma&;ol t&ifO;D qk;H rSwfwrf;wifcahJ Mumif;
]]twkdif;twmwpfcktxd vufcHvkdY&ygw,f}} [k ¤if;u rSww f idk pf u
dk fvadk omaMumifh a&;om;azmfjyvku d &f jcif;jzpfaMumif;
jyefajzaomtcg pma&;olu ]]jrefrmEkdifiH&JU tajccHOya'opfukd 0efcv H ydk gonf/
twkcd sK;H NyD;ajym&&if tJ'o D abmw&m;twdtusygyJ}} [k ajymvku d f
&mwGif tqkdygowif;axmufrSm "Really"? (wu,fvm;) [k atmif x G # f