THE EFFECT OF USING CARTOON FLM

IN TEACHING SIMPLE PAST TENSE

AT

PROPOSAL THESIS

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT 2008 E

SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PERSATUAN GURU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
JOMBANG
2010
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Language is as mean of communication to express our idea, emotion, and
sense, it is very important to be studied not only the first language but also the
second language and/ or the Foreign Language. Learning foreign language is
much needed, because it has very important roles in many aspects. As like in
economic, politics, education, culture, etc. and most of them are in English. So,
therefore learning English is very important too, because English is international
language.
Now days, English is considered as a compulsory subject that is taught at
the secondary level. Teaching English is given in the junior high school as a local
subject. According to 1994 curriculum, the goal of teaching English in secondary
school is that the student are expected to be able to read, listen, speak, and write
English in simple structure according to the degree of development and interest.
They are also expected to master approximately so words in English ( Depdikbud,
1994: 1)
There are four language skills that the students should master. Those are
speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Besides it, there are three language
components that should be mastered by the students. Those are grammar,
vocabulary, and pronunciation. Hornby (2005) states that grammar is the rules for
forming words and making sentences. It is important for us to study it, because
grammar can help us to arrange the words become good sentence.
One part of the grammar is about tenses. Tenses is verb form that shows
the time of the action or state. Simple past tense is one of the kinds of tenses, that
the leaner must to study it. As English teacher, they must have strategy to teach
the learners about English, so the learners will enjoy to study English and the
learner does not feel boring to study English.
In teaching simple past, the teacher should use the media that can make
teaching learning process more alive. One of media that can be used by the teacher
is audio visual, especially Cartoon Film. Cartoon is a film made by photographing
 a series of cartoon drawings to give the illusion of movement when projected in
rapid sequence ( www.wikipedia.defne: Cartoon.com ). Cartoon is used as
alternative media for teaching learning process of English. Cartoon is very suitable
for teaching simple past, because the students have familiar with this media.
Maybe everyday they watch the cartoon or animation program in the television.
By using imagination too they can make the parody becomes real situation.
From the illustration, the researcher desires to hold further study which
can say that cartoon film can be used in teaching simple past tense. Based on the
background above and previous study, the researcher would like to hold a study on
“ The Effect of Using Cartoon Film in Teaching Simple Past Tense at

B. Statement of the Problem

Based on the previous background of the study that is describe above the
general problems which tries to answer in this study are formulated in the
following questions:
1. How does the teacher teach simple past tense at…………………through
cartoon film?
2. How do the students’ response the teaching simple past tense through
cartoon film?
3. What are the effect of using cartoon film in teaching simple past tense
for…………………?

C. Objectives of the Research

1. To know how the teacher teach simple past tense at…………………through
cartoon film.
2. To know how the students’ response the teaching simple past tense through
cartoon film.
3. To know what the effect of using cartoon film in teaching simple past tense
for…………………
D. Importance of the Research
1. To interest the students in teaching learning process.
2. To motivate the students in classroom activities.
3. Find an alternative technique in the teaching of simple past tense.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses some relevant theories and studies concerning with (1)
the definition of language (2) teaching grammar of simple past tense (3) the definition
of media (4) teaching grammar by using audio visual media.
A. The Definition of Language
Language is a system of arbitrary symbols sound produced by said tool
used by human beings and society communication, cooperation and self
identification.
Function language in society:
1. Tools to communicate with fellow human beings.
2. Tools for working with fellow human beings.
3. Tools to identify themselves.
(organisasi.Org komunitas dan perpustakaan online Indonesia, 2005)
It means that language is very important for human beings. In Indonesia,
there are many different culture and traditional language but all people in
Indonesia become one in Indonesia Country. Now, not only Indonesia language
exists in Indonesia country but also any different language comes to Indonesia
Country.
B. Teaching Grammar of Simple Past Tense

C. The Definition of Media

Media have multiple meanings, both seen as limited or extensive. The
emergence of a variety of definition due to differences in perspective, purpose,
and purpose. AECT (Association for Education and Communication Technology)
in Harsoyo (2002) interpreted as all forms of media are utilized in the process of
distributing information. NEA ( National Education Association ) interpret the
media as any objects that can be manipulated, viewed, heard, read, or instrument
used for these activities.
Raharjo (1991) in mustolihbrs (2007) concluded that some views about
the media, namely that gage put the media as a source component, the media
 defines as “ a source component participants learn in an environment that can
stimulate students to learn”. Brings argued that the media should be encourage to
communicate something material (curricular messages) so learning process
occurs, which defines the physical media as a vehicle containing instructional
materials. Wilbur Schramim noted the use of media as a technique to deliver the
message, in which he defines the media as carries of information technology/
instructional messages. Yusuf Hadi Miarso widespread media view/ macro in the
education system that defines the media is anything that can stimulate self-
learning process learners(http:mustoliabrs.wordpress.com/2007/12/04/mult-media-
dalam-pembelajaran)
From all the definition above, we can conclude that media is very
important to use in teaching learning process. Without media, teaching leaning
process becomes monotonous and boring. The teachers can not improve their
knowledge without using media.
Here the media has a clear function is to clarify, simplify and make the
curriculum interesting message that will be delivered by teachers to learners so
that they can motivate learning and streamline the learning process.

D. Teaching Grammar by Using Audio Visual

 CHAPTER III
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Conceptual Framework

According Widayat and Amirullah (2002), conceptual framework is the
model of concept about the relation between theory and many factors that have
identified as the important problem. The description of theory and the result of
research are used for arrange the conceptual framework that will be used in make
hypotheses.
The Conceptual Framework

Teaching Learning Process

Media Material

Audio Visual Grammar

Cartoon Simple Past

Method

Disadvantages Response Advantages

Effect

Teacher Students
B. The Hypotheses
Hypotheses is a temporary assumption that must be buktikkan
kebenarannya atau dapat dikatakan proposisi tentative tentang hubungan antara
dua variabel atau lebih.
Ha : There is the effect of using cartoon film in teaching simple past tense
at……….
Ho : There is not the effect of using cartoon film in teaching simple past tense
at……….
 CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY

A. Population and Sample

According to Arikunto (2002:108), population is all the subject of the
research. Here the researcher choose the students of the students
at………………..as the population.
Based on the curriculum that simple past tense material is the seventh
grade, so the researcher decides to take the students at seventh grade as the sample,
in order to be suitable between the subject of research and the material.

B. Instrument
Instrument is device for the researcher to get the data and as a part of
appropriate data collection, Croswell (2003:157), for support the success of
research. In this case the researcher use three kind of instrument, they are:
1. Observation
Observation was namely used to collect data about the procedure of
teaching simple past tense done by researcher. It also dealt with the past tense
materials and this method is used by the researcher. According to Arikunto
(2002:133), “Observation is making monitoring to spiritual aspect that is
measured.”
2. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a set of written question which used to get the
information from respondent about something that they know (Arikunto, 2006:
151). It uses to get data that the researcher did not know in observation.
According to Singaribun Mari, stated there are two purposes making
questionnaire, they are:
a. To get information relevancy with purpose of survey.
b. To get information reliability and validity as right as possible.
This technique, the researcher used for finding out the students’ response in
simple past tense using cartoon film. The indicators measured and elaborated
in the questionnaire are:
 1. The students’ opinion about English.
2. The students’ opinion about simple past tense sentence.
3. The students’ opinion about the technique of cartoon film.
4. The students’ opinion about the topics in the technique of cartoon film.
5. Teacher role in application of the technique.
6. General evaluation.
3. Interview
Interview made arrangements to ask the things which less is clear
perceived at the time of observation and giving motivation the students to
speak.
Interview can be relatively structure and unstructured interview. A
structure interview is one of which is arrange around set of a predetermined
question, whereas unstructured interview and interviewer like free flowing
conversation between the interviewer (Norman, 1989: 60)
In the research, the researcher uses the unstructured interview. It is
needed to gain deeper understanding to the subjects and it is possible for the
researcher to adopt more individualized approach. The researcher interviews
the students as follow an up to simple past tense test.

C. Data Analysis
Data analysis is simple process of data to e read and presented
( Singaribun, 1989:263). All of the data collected in the observation, interview,
questionnaire and students’ performance. According Yatim ( 2007: 29) that “
Analyze is how to think experiment systematically of data collected then the
researcher can decline part of them with all of object”.
The researcher analyzes everything she sees in the class. The specific
step of data analyze are:
1. The result of observation in analysis according to the fact and the interpretation
in the class.
2. The result of the interview is analyzed according to the response of the objects.
3. The data obtained form the questionnaire is also analyzes using descriptive
manner (percentage technique).
4. The students’ performance records are used to support the result of observation
and questionnaire.
5. The result of the test is analyzed according to the students’ ability in doing the
written test.
The frequency of accordance of each option type of opinion to know the
proportion of each type of opinion. It is calculated using this formula:

P= N x 100 %
T
Where :
P = Percentage
N = Number of Comments of each type
T = Total number of students
Beside that it can be like this:
P = F x 100%
N
Where:
P = Percentage of the respondent answer
F = Frequency of the answer
N = Number of respondent
Because the test type is pencil and paper test, so, the students must find
10 sentences of simple past in cartoon film, then write the answer on the paper test.
Here, the researcher gives 10 score each number if the answer is perfect or right and
5 score if there is wrong in the capitalization, punctuation or spelling.
After getting the students’ score, the researcher analyzes by using the
formula below:
M=X
N
Where:
M = Mean
X = Sum of the score
N = Number of sample
 After that, the researcher classifies the score with the standard
classification of valuing the result of the teaching learning process, as below:
No. Score Interpretation
1. 90 – 100 Very Good
2. 80-89 Good
3. 60-79 Fair
4. 40- 59 Poor
5. 0-39 Very Poor

REFERENCES