HYDROLOGY PF PROJE ECT & Government of The Netherlands funded Newsletter eer eetie and encouraging response to our first newsletter. The goals and objectives of the Hydrology Project cannot ‘be viewed only from a purely technical point of view. The main problems in achieving our overall objectives are related to the institutional setting in which the Hydrological Information System has to be developed and ‘the qualitative involvement of human resources needed to operate it. Team spirit and networking among the members of the HP team becomes of ‘paramount importance for the maintenance of mutual inputs and the success of the project. The work-plan for the year 1998 is a crucial one, for the project will now move from the development to the implementation phase, We wish all of you a very happy new year, in which we hope we can all of us together ‘contribute to the spirit of co-operation and co-ordinated working @ IDA/WB Supervision Mission ‘The Challenge for Change fetween Ist and 16th | proper sequencing of civil works, December the HP | equipment procurement and other family received a visit | procedural factors. This situation is from the IDA/WB | further aggravated by delays in Supervision Mission, | procurement, ejection ofbids, delaysin which as usual stirred its | posting of incremental and specialist members into. an | staff and similar impediments. increased level of activity. The TA Consultants as well asarepreseniative of the Royal Netherlands Embassy joined the ‘The Mission found a definite“challenge for improvement” of project imple- ‘mentation progress in two of the eight participating States (particularly in the ‘SW components) and in one of the in Delhi and visits to the Statesof Kamatake, Kerala, Gujaratand Madhya Pradesh. participating agencies were compli- ‘mented for their achievements during the last year, while the status of others Main bottlenecks hampering project implementation were found to be slow progress on site selection, survey and cquipment identification, inadequate staff/vehicles resources and lack of could be characterised as having a “scope for improvement”. The Mission sounded a note of warning that the project size may have to be truncated i srformance continues to 2 DEVELOPMENT STAGE => IMPLEMENTATION STAGE (EY 1998-99 ONWARDS) Working GER Suecse targets at the time of the Mid-term Review in December 1998. Fortunately «full year s leftto remedy the situation, and the detailed recommendations provided by the Mission are bound to be of much help in reassessing the challenges. eaarashira is a key State for the strate gic and implementational aspects of the Hydrology Project. The social and en vironmental transformation of the state due to urbanisa- tion and industrialisation only underlines the urgent need for focus and accuracy in water policy planning In Maharashtra the Surface Water component of the Hydrology Project is being implemented by the State Inrigation Department and the Groundwater compo- rent by the Water Supply and Sanitation Department through Groundwater service and devel- pment agencies. The Surface Water component of the Projectis approximately Rs315 million, This includes civil works and equip- ment. 62 River Gauging Sites (41 new and 21 t0 be upgraded) will be opera- tional in the near future improving the density of the river gauging network from 1328 sq. kin per number to 1048 Maharashtra marches on sq. km per number, These are situated in the river basins of the Krishna, Godavari, Tapi and West lowing rivers. The Pilot project for Reservoir Sedimen- tation Survey under & & D component has been satisfactorily completed on (Gangapur Reservoir near Nashik ‘The outlay for the Groundwater com- ponent isapproximately Rs.182 million, ‘All700 ofthe proposed observation sites have been identified for Groundwater out of which $92 sites have been se- lected and at 176 sites bore wells have been drilled. Evaluation of bids is un- der progress for 100 DWLRs. HP consultants considered the historic data of the existing network. as well as the development scenario for the next 10 years before suggesting the depth of key-wells Various research activities are underway. “These include a water - balance study toassess rainfall recharge factors, a tech- nical note on the conjunetive use of groundwater and surface water in the Banganga sub-basin of Godavari basin in Nashik district and an assessment of anificial recharge well injection tech- niques in Jalgaon district, Three water quality laboratories are to be constructed at Nashik, Aurangabad and Nagpur. ‘Training programmes to impan the nec- essary skills for data collection are be- ing conducted within the State by WALMI Aurangabad, lrigation Project Investigation and Water Resources Cir- cle Pune, CTU and [MD in Pune. Three officers were deputed on the Overseas Study Tour. The training for Surface Water observers was conducted in the local Marathi language. 330 staff members have been trained in Surface and Groundwater observations and hhydrometeorology upto December 97. Several exercises are underway to in- crease understanding and analysis of the intangibles of the Project, Four HIDAP. workshops were conducted at Pune in 1997. A draft HIDAP has been pre~ sented to Secretary Irigation on Janu- ary 9, 1998. The State Level Coondina- tion Committee has met frequently to assess progress and improve coordina- tion. Three meeiings of the HUG have been conducted to generate greater in- teractively and participation ofthe user ‘groups in the Project. e Pilot project. Reservoirs are designed for the storage ‘of water andl to provide for the beter management of wster resources with their control and conveyance siructures. Over the years of its operation the storage capacity of the reservoir is reduced due to deposited sediments. his naturally affects the efficiency of the water management and effective utilisation of the actual designed potential of the reservoir. The pilot project in reservoir sedimentation was ‘conducted to remedy these situations through better data inputs, : Reservoir Sedimentation Transducer of the Echosounder suspended rigidly alomgsie the boat. Dum si ‘atthe background.The basic observations collected during a hydrographic survey are depth data at defined positions using Echo Sounders. The collected cata is then analysed to obtain a contour plot of the distribution of deposited sediment across the reservoir and the evaluation of the actual water quantum in the reservoir can also be configured in this manner, ‘These results are compared with the initial reservoir bed configuration to confirm the sediment thickness at any cross-section, The total volume of sediment deposition across the reservoir and the actual water quantum in the reservoir can also be assessed in this manner, demonstration for Gangapur Reservoir ‘was carried out asa Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) based hydrographic survey. This is more accurate than a conventional hydrographig, survey. It is also more flexible and versatile. It is weather independent and needs no intervisibility between siles.A DGPS based survey system comprises global positioning systems in differential mode, an echo sounder for depth data collection, a personal computersystem, and software for survey planning navigation, data collection and post data-processing. ‘The R&D Pilot Project on Reservoir § Scdimentation Survey for Gangapur dam, Nashik was taken up by the Central Echosounder unit used in the mobile sation, The Pilot Sedimentation Survey $ Water & Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune in coordination with Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (MERI), The Chief Engineer Hydrology Project, Nashik and Nashik Irrigation Division (NID) during December 5-11, 1997. About 17 officers from associated organisations received training on Hydrographic Survey Software under close interaction with the HP Consultants. The survey area of about 22 sq. km was covered by acquiring local position data in XY coordinates and corresponding depth data continuously, on survey lines laid at a distance of 100 m across the Only those who haye had a taste of planning, organising, launching, and implementing of a conventional hydrographic survey, which involves: © using all the persuasive skills in agreeing to make the almost always reluctant Project Organisation relent 40 erect the range monuments at the sites specified, © travails of a triangulation survey in inaccessible and inhospitable ter- rain, often times accompanied by armed forest guards, & Mobilising the requisite survey personnel - mostly unwilling - to- wards a survey, = launching the heavy, often slightly leaky and creaky, wooden boat into the reservoir. = loading a mammoth Kelvin - Hughes echo sounder into the boat, the rigorous task of positioning the boat at the beginning of the range line, & the herculean task of running the boat along the range line with the bright target set atop the range mon- ment, towards which the boat has to run, playing truant as to visibility A Hydrologist's A half humorous half rueful look from Karnataka into the flip side of a survey reservoir. Subsequently, CWPRS with MERI and NID _ organised demonstration session for about 11 Engineers from other States ie. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu during December 29, 1997 to January 7, 1998. Dr. B.U, Nayak — Director CWPRS, Mr. S.B, Kulkami Joint Director CWPRS and Mr. M.B. Dighe ~ Chief Engine and Director MERI also attended. The pilot survey was a heartening success The report with complete technical specifications is expected soon. This will enable other agencies to follow the lead in their respective States, e Tra vails = the somewhat crude methods available to get a fix of the boat spatially, = the nail biting and heart thumping suspense as the engine coughs 10 life after a failure at the mid reservoir, = plotting of the cross section on an almost room sized drawing sheet, the sheet itself mosaiced by pasting various individual sheets, by literal- ly prostrating over the same, = painstakingly and laboriously planimetering the contour areas, = computing the volume thereafter arithmetically which figure itself could be debatable as to its actual veracity considering the various errors the survey has been essentially and liberally known to be bounded with, can appreciate the flexibility, versatility, relative simplicity of the survey that was demonstrated using hi-tech equipment. For others the demonstration would appear almost absurdly simple! ehe two week study tour to The Netherlands and the UK organised by the Hydrology Project under the Government of The Netherlands funded Technical Assistance component provided the Indian team of Groundwater specialist's with an opportunity to update their knowledge on current prevalent practices of database and information management inthe Hydrclogical sphere. In The Netherlands, the demonstration of Regional Geohydrological Information Systems (REGIS) was of special interest, as the system draws on a wide range of tools for data management and analysis for the ‘management of groundwater needs. Of equal interest was the demonstration of the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) developed by LTC. Enschede, The Netherlands, and of their latest version, 2.1. ILWIS for Windows. Visits to the National Control Centre of RIZA, and local Water Boards provided insights into a holistic concept of water iver gauging site inthe UK, Broadening Our Horizo SW eam in the Netherlands management practices, ‘The study tour in the UK provided the participants with a chance for on-site inspection of the use of DWLR and Data Analysis procedures. The field visits were supplemented by meetings with various consultants. The visit to the British Geological Survey. Wallingford, was of special significance to study well record archives and procedures adopted for dissemination of data to user agencies. Thetwelve officers inthe Surface Water group arrived at Amsterdam on 19,10.97,aweek after the Ground Water team, Inthe course of their rip they were takento RIZA, the Government National Control Centre locatedat Lelystad. The nextday they visited weter measurement sites andalocal Water Board office. Also onthe agenda was a trip to the office of Delft Hydraulics, where participants received ademonstration of the HY MOS data processing software and RIBASIM river basin planning and management ns software. The Storm Surge Barrier, a civil engineering marvel at Rotterdam ort was toured in a visitthat combined professional interest with pleasure. The team also visited the offices of the Rijkwaterstaat and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMD). In England, some of the highlights of the trip were a visit to the office of the Environmental Agency of the Northeast in Newcastle, and to the Institute of Hydrology in Wallingford. On the last day of the study tour, the group visited the U.K, Meteorological Office and the offices of Sir William Halerow and Partners. e Some Impressions: “The study tour, though of short du- ration, providedabroad vision the latest technology being used in Eu- ropean countries for groundwater ‘monitoring and data base manage ment. Itwould helpin assessing the needs of Data Centres to be estab- lished in CGWB and other states un- der the Hydrology project." Dr. Saleem Romani, Regional Director Central Ground Water Board, Bhopal. “The participatory approachadopted for developing a water policy docu- ment involving technologists, ad- ‘ministrators, industrial houses, farm- ers and water users which is then tused asa guideline for preparing ac- tion plans for different agencies in- volved with water resources devel- ‘opment generated interest” Dr. KAS. Mani- Ground Water Data Processing Expert, DHV-Delft Consultants Hydrology Project New Dethiuality Assurance (QA) encom- oO: the planned and systematic ac- tions necessary in an organisation to pro- vide adequate confidence that a product or a service provided will be of a minimal proven quality, Water quality studies in- volve collection and comparison of analyti- cal results on te basis of which subsequent decisions and actions are taken. The vali ity ofthese decisions is directly dependent upon the magnitude of errors in the results Uf the emors ae within an acceptable range, the decisions would be correct. Unfortu- nately experience throughout the world has demonstrated that the errors arising in the analysis of water samples are often so large thatthe validity of decision is seriousy a= fected. The probiem becomes more com- plicated when a number of laboratories ae involved in a project. This is for example the case in HP, where 42 laboratories par ‘icipate t0 pool their analytical results into jon database Striving, for quality Figure -1 striving for perfec- tion. Quality has t0 be a balance bet- ween perfection and precondi- tions, A product hus achieved good qualily when it is fit for use. Higher specifications make it more expensive, but ot necessarily better to use. Thus quality is linked to the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency. The quality policy formally expressed by the top management of the ‘organisation, helps to define and direct the overall quality objectives A QA Plan comprises staff organisation and responsibilities, sample control and documentation, standard analytical proce- dures, analyst training, equipment prever- tive maintenance, analytical quality control (AQC), data validation and reporting. Laboratories mecting p defined by co-effcie HP activities envisage addressing these aspects through upgrading laboratories, staff training, recording procedures, etc Initial data quality objectives are those which are achievable commensurate with the routine laboratory equipment and facilities, either existing or being provided under HP. In order to introduce quality control cconcepis, a within-luboratory AQC exercise ted in January 1997. The exercise signed to evaluate precision in the ‘measurement of four routine water quality parameters, total hardness (TH), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), and nitrite nitrogen (NO,-N), The findings of this exercise were as follows: * Out of 30 laboratories nominated for participation 23 (775) participated, * 5 laboratories were able to perform all the four analyses, * 12 laboratories reported results of 3 analyses, * S laboratories were able to perform 2 analyses. * TIaboratory was able to perform only 1 an wre 1 shows that a majority of the vecision goals as participating, laboratories 1 of vararion meet the precision goals for TH, TS and EC. Only 8 laboratories failed to meet goals for one or more determinations, Precision goals are based upon commonly achievable criteria as defined by the Ameri- can Public Health As sociation and the Cen- tral Pollution Control Board (New Delhi). Figure 2 shows thatasig~ nificant fraction of labo ratories lose statistical control for TH, TS and EC in the course of time, Statistical control is assessed by plotting repetitive analysis, of a known control sample,on so-called control chart. Sucha chart pro- Figure - 2 Laboratories which lost statistical conirol in replicate measurements as defined by standard deviation limats & trends "In an age when man has forgotten his origins and is blind even to his most essential needs for survival, water along with other resources has become the victim of his indifferences."” Rachel Carson - Silent Spring vides a check on both random and system- atic errors gauged from the spread of re- sults and their displacement, respectively. ‘The analytical procedure is said to be un- der statistical controt if variation in repeti- tive analysis arises solely fromknowa, ran dom variability. Ifthe analytical procedure is outof statistical control, as isthe case in 538%: of the EC measurements, it is likely that bias is involved and corrective actions are necessary, Review meetings were held ia Bangalore on December 12, 1997 and in Bhopal on January 15, 1998 to discuss the results and draft future plans, It was decided to con- linue the within-laboratory exercise with large number of parameters on a continu ing basis, as an internal quality control ne- tivity. Consultants will visit all laborato- ries that either lost statistical control oF did not achieve the precision goal for the four parameters in order to suggest corrective actions. Since the within-tabo- ratory exercise does ‘not quantify the bias in measurements, it was agreed to introdacean inter- laboratory exercise in 1998 The CPCB was identified as a possible roference centre for this purpose as it has, over the past six years, accumulated considerable experience in this area, @Courtesy CSE (Ajit Ninan) Wor ‘king Together onsultants from different Task Groups gathered in Delhi in early ween the ask groups and in particular stressed the position and role of the SMCs. The Consultants also pointed view points and new | outproblemareas regarding collabora- Proposals for the 1998 | tive efforis with implementing agen- work plan. The follow- | cies, ranging from frequent transferof ing are some perspec- | key staffand lack of absorption capac- tives on issues and ap- | ity toalack of conviction and commit proaches. ment, Sustainability of HIS and the problems inprojecting ourmessageto the correct target groups within the implementing agencies were voicedas major areas of concern, October to exchange During the last year the project had encountered anumberof internal and external obstacles. The workshop emphasised the need for effective communication bet The response to the utilisation of HIDAP asa planning pool was evalu ated as very positive, though differ- Spot Response ‘What measures would you take to improve operations of the Project? Perceptions |. Asacatalyst, keep the reaction alive. 2. Enhance interdisciplinary communication 3. Make management of water resources into a national manifesto, 4. Create more awareness about the benefits derived by the Participating state through the implementation of the Project. ences between States were noted. The ‘Training component was evaluated in terms of objectives and achievements, Emphasis was placed on capacity building of Training Institutes rather than increasing individual training activities, For the current year Task Groups are due to initiate a number of new activities including a HIS promo- tion tour, awareness on Water Quality and initiatives for R&D projects, It was stressed that the technical dimen- sions of HIDAP should be enhanced so that it reflects the total scope of the Project. During 1998, attention will be paid to broadening the scope of MIS, inter- face between HIDAP and State level MIS, and the development of meth- ods for objective assessment of goals and achievements. Ongoing Training activities also in- cluded module production and review and the development of a Training In- formation System (TIS). New activi- ties arerelated to further upgrading the training development cycle, revisions of SAR, follow up training andimple- mentation of tracer studies. eRe U P D A T FE he last few months saw the larger family of the Hydrology Project continue with their complex and challenging tasks. The speedy execution of the pilot study of reservoir sedimentation was achieved with activeinvolvementof HP consultants. Sediment measurement procedures at Gujarat were formulated and procurement of bed material samplers prepared. WC is planning the installation of Digital Water Level Recorders (DWLR) in the States of Karnataka, Mabarashira and Orissa. The installa- ionis partof a test on the performance of the pressure transducer types of DWLR for surface water application under the Hydrology Project. lhe R & D proposals in the field of groundwater are picking up momentum. The following projects have been initiated: return flow studies in Krishnaraj Sagar area (Kamatakall conjunctive usepand resougee optimization ofjgtbund and stitface water in OjWar Water-shed ates (Maharashtra) and scalater and ffesh water ipterface in the coastal area of Krishifia Delta (Andhra Pradesh). ter, “Quality ExperfSphave finalised the paper on groundwatets well sampliag by submersibfe/punips in Kamataka. WQ Consultants Visited Oris8#, Tamil Nadu and Kerala for AQC exercises and advised CGWB on specifications for laboratory equipment, he latest batch of 20 field officers (observers) passed with flying colours from WALMTARI Hydera- bad, With this the total number of ‘Trained Field Officers in the State has reached 110, only 40 shortof the target of 150. UPDATE ..... UPD: ata entry software for GW both for historic data entry and for the existing piezometers has been refined, modified and tested. The version 1.01 has been installed in the States of Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharastra and Karnataka. irst phase of installation of the 51 DWLRs for piezometers has been successfully completed in AP im the Telangana and Rayalaseema args Plans and estimates for constructidiief level II laboratonaDGilaiswaram 4 and Cuddappatihav’e beensubmixted to GOAP fogé ministrative approval. idding documents for Dedieated ‘SoftWaieand Hardware for GW Data Processing Centres preparedias per WB gliidelines have been submitted to WB for final approval. The documents 48 @xpected to be floated early February, 1998 IN and AP have b6th madé good Progress in the field of groundwater upto the end of ‘Deceftiber 1997. In APoutof 625 wells planned under HP 471 have been consigieted, while in TIN out of the 1OH4P'738 wells 498 wells have been ‘oritpletcd, dthiffistrative sanction for SW department for purchase of ARGs and procuring equipment for Scientificand Training Office have also been issued in} Andhra Pradesh. Ihe joint meeting of IMD d WRC officers at the SMC office in Bhopal sug- gested that the MP govern- mentshould transfer 119 ARG stations which are now under different organisations of the UPDATE... UPDATE .... UPDATE .... UPDATE... UPDATE .... UPDATE State Government to HP for better re- sults. Bids for construction of WQlab buildings at Bhopailfand Bilaspur amounting to R55 Takis have been approved and éonstgaétion begun ai Bhopal. 1h all, the SpSetcum ofaeiivities rode ded SatisfBeIONY pacein all participating States e GWD officials explaining data retrieval procedures, Moinabad, A.P, Mr. Biswal, Deputy Chief Minister, Orissa, ‘emphasizing. the State's Committemnt to the Hydrology Project.Bus Gui Abbreviations are confusing things. Here's how to stop jargon and techno-speak from getting to you! DBM — Data Base Manage- | NCC National Co-ordination ment Commitce DDPS Dedicated Data | NLSC National Level Steering Processing Software Conmiuee ° °° DOICAD Department of Irrigation ang Command Area Development 8 ° OOPS Odjective Process Planning Oriented HUDG Hydrological Data | SWDC State Water Data Centre Users Group LAN LoxalAreaNewwork | TIS Training Information System LEA Logical Framework | WRIC Water Resources Invest Analysis tationCircle ° ° News and Views he H.P. Newsletter would like to invite comments, ntroversy, suggestions and views from its readers on issues of interest in the world of Hydrology and Water Resource Management, Photographs and letters should be sent to- The Newsletter, The Hydrology Project, C.S.M.R.S. Building, 4th floor, Olaf Paime Marg, Hauz Khas, New Dethi 110016, India orto E-mail address dhy.delft @del2.vsni.net.in. Contributions should be as brief as possible. The Newsletter of the Hydrology Project is published quar- terly by the Hydrology project. For private circulation only e The world has go a very big water problem Ie willbe the progenitor of more wars than ol World demand for water doubles every 21 years, but the volume available is the same as it was in Roman times. ‘Something has gow give. Sir Crispin Tickel, atthe Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro ACROSS DOWN 1. The process of pollation 1. The E-word: the habitat that cccus wien a fake or within whieh plants and seam becomesoversichin animals ive plan nutens 2. Athinlayer 2. Disager!Waterwatereve- 3. The sphere of water 3 aver 4, Thatwhichoomaminates —$ $3. Theprocessof permeation S| The most effective way to $4 Brack and Bene increase agricultural © JS Themowthotariver where productivity ‘twidersiniotte sea 6, When this chemical is washed into rivers i threatens water suppies and : Becomes a potetil health hazard Solutions or the tant Waterworid ACROSS: 1. Hydrephere, 2 Odour, 3. Chimate, 4 One, § Aquifer DOWN: 1 Habla, 6, Rost 7. Aqua, &. Hydrogen, 9, Rowe /NB Ches6ant Thad ben ven Th roi prt