Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Albert Einstein
2008
1
APRESENTAÇÃO DO CURSO
“English for Specific Purposes” (E.S.P), que em português quer dizer: Inglês com
Objetivos Específicos, também chamado de inglês instrumental ou técnico, ou seja, é a
habilidade de entender textos em língua inglesa usando estratégias específicas de leitura.
Surgiu com a necessidade de comunicação rápida e eficaz em vários contextos
mundiais. Como por exemplo: durante a guerra, os soldados precisavam aprender o idioma
do inimigo para sobreviverem, este vocabulário básico era visto no avião, navio, nos campos
de batalha.
Com o passar do tempo, outros contextos sociais foram surgindo, como: a
necessidade de leitura de livros, revistas, catálogos, instruções operacionais, manuais
escritos em inglês que precisavam ser compreendidos pelos usuários, etc. Sendo assim,
torna-se necessário uma abordagem específica da língua Inglesa, que atenda as
necessidades profissionais dos estudantes, que são leitura e compreensão de livros.
E assim, o Inglês Instrumental possui o objetivo de desenvolver a habilidade de
leitura, isto é, de compreensão de textos de diversas áreas do conhecimento escritos em
língua inglesa, utilizando para isso estratégias de leitura, a fim de tornar o aluno capaz de
compreender um texto da sua área de estudo.
Nesse enfoque, a leitura conta com o conhecimento prévio dos leitores. O inglês
instrumental consiste no “treinamento instrumental” dessa língua, em que as habilidades
têm por objetivo extrair conhecimentos para áreas específicas de estudo.
Vale lembrar que o inglês instrumental ou técnico pode ou não visar a comunicação
oral em inglês, entretanto, para os cursos de WEB e REDES sua principal habilidade a ser
trebalhada será a leitura e o estudo de gramática, restringindo-a a um mínimo necessário,
ou seja, associando-a ao texto.
Método
Desenvolve a leitura ("reading") de forma limitada a um objetivo específico, através
da habilidade de manipular textos em língua inglesa, tentando assimilar a compreensão
geral e inferir informações específicas. A gramática é ensinada de forma contextualizada a
um objetivo específico.
Tradução os textos
Para nosso curso não há tradução, porém outros métodos são utilizados como, por
exemplo: dedução, contexto semântico, reconhecimento de afixos, cognatos e vocabulário
da área.
2
TESTE: COMO ESTÁ O SEU INGLÊS?
Leia atentamente o texto abaixo e assinale a opção correta para cada questão.
4 When we talk about computers, we have to consider the hardware and the software.
The hardware consists of all the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a
computer system, and the software is the collection of data and programs needed to
solve problems with a computer.
QUESTÕES DE 1 A 11
1) O melhor título para o texto seria:
a) The history of Computers
b) What is a computer?
c) Hardware x Software
4) “(...) the software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems with a
computer.” A idéia contida na oração acima está associada a:
a) It basically consists of the systems analysts, the programmers, the operators and the
technical managers.
b) It is the collection of man-written solutions, as well as all documents to guide the
operation of a computer.
c) It consists of several units: the CPU, the main memory, and the peripherals known as
input and output devices.
6) A pergunta que pode ser respondida com base nas informações contidas no texto é:
a) Quem inventou o computador?
b) O que significa software?
c) O que é um dispositivo de entrada?
3
a) Fourth-generation computers are rather faster than third-generation computers and can
complete thousands of instructions at a time.
b) On the backside of the computer, there are several slots into which we can connect a
wide range of peripherals.
c) In only a short time, the computer has changed the way in which many jobs are done and
has become part of our everyday lives.
( ) In the 17th and 18th centuries, many ways of calculating were invented.
( ) The first analog computer was used in World War II.
( ) The primitive calculating device was the fingers of a man’s hands.
( ) Howard Aiken invented the first digital computer, called Mark 1.
( ) The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820.
Monitor – Screen – Keyboard – Mouse – CD-Rom Drive – Disk Drive – Scanner – Printer – CD-Rom -
Floppy Disk/Diskette
4
_
c)
________________________
_
d)
________________________
Output Enable users to extract information from the _
devices system. e)
________________________
_
13) A oração que melhor resume as idéias contidas no texto, na figura e na tabela é:
a) Most computers are equipped with data communication facilities.
Cognates: são palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do português.
Ex. different – diferente, infection – infecção.
Obs.: Atenção com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend não significa pretender, mas sim,
fingir; é importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto.
Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece várias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela é
importante para a compreensão do mesmo.
Typographical Evidences: são símbolos, letras maiúsculas, negrito, itálico, etc., que dão
dicas úteis sobre o texto.
Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto é, selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma
determinada informação (parágrafos, por exemplo).
Dictionary: o dicionário deve ser utilizado como último recurso para se descobrir o
significado de uma palavra ou expressão desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura não seja
lenta demais, e para que o leitor não desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo
desconhecido.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE LEITURA
5
COGNATOS
• Idênticos:
Exs.: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera,
inventor, etc.
• Bastante parecidos:
Exs.: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention,
different, products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution, automatic, television,
public, events, models, etc.
• Vagamente parecidos:
Exs.: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc.
Familiares são palavras conhecidas pela maioria das pessoas que vive em um país
altamente influenciado pela cultura dos países de Língua Inglesa. Não têm a mesma origem
das palavras da Língua Portuguesa.
COGNATOS
• Leia os segmentos abaixo e selecione todas as palavras que se pareçam com o
Português e aquelas que são usadas da mesma forma tanto na Língua Inglesa como na
Língua Portuguesa.
a. Computers are electronic machines that process information. They can perform
complex operations in a fraction of time. But, they can´t think.
b. Computers are divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to
the actual equipment and software refers to the programs that control and
coordinate the activities of the computer.
c. The CPU is the part of a computer that executes the arithmetic and logic operations.
It controls all the computer activities.
6
d. Memory is the storage area where a computer saves or retrieve data. It is expressed
as quantities of K. For example, each K is equal to 1,024 bytes and each byte is
equal to 8 bits.
e. A mouse is a device that has a ball underneath. It is used to point the cursor at
different parts of the screen or at specials symbols called icons.
f. There are many different high-level languages. Each one has its advantage or
disadvantage. COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, ALGOL and PASCAL are examples of high-
level languages.
g. Data put into a computer is INPUT. The input is processed according to the program
that is being used. The results of processing are called OUTPUT.
SKIMMING
• Leia os segmentos abaixo e utilizando os cognatos e familiares identifique o
assunto abordado em cada um deles:
1) One of the most impressive sights in Paris, this construction was built in the second half
of the 19th century as an ornament, presumably to show the possibilities of steel, and to
allow Parisians to see their own city from above. Now a major tourist attraction for visitors
from all over the world and a site for TV and radio transmissions. It is linked in the world´s
mind with the image of France and Paris.
- ____________________________________________.
2) In computer science, a popular pointing input device, used mostly for playing computer
games but used for other tasks as well. It usually has a square or rectangular plastic base to
which is attached a vertical stem. Control buttons are located on the base and sometimes on
top of the stem. The stem can be moved to control the movement of an object on the
screen.
- ____________________________________________.
3) A computer peripheral that puts text or image on paper or on another medium, such as a
transparency. They can be categorized in any of several ways. The most common distinction
is impact x, non impact. Impact physically strike the paper and are exemplified by dot-
matrix; non impact include every other type of print mechanism including laser, ink-jet and
thermal.
- ____________________________________________.
4) Alcoholic drink produced originally in Scotland, Ireland and USA, by fermenting certain
cereal grains and then distilling to produce a light-colored liquid containing about 40%
alcohol. It is drunk with or without ice, soda or according to taste.
- ____________________________________________.
5) A common pointing device. Its basic features are a casing with a flat bottom, designed to
be gripped by one hand; one or more buttons on the top; a ball on the bottom; and a cable
connecting it to the computer. By moving it on a surface, the user typically controls a
cursor. To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses one of the
buttons, producing a “click”._________________________________.
7
Scanning
• Complete the chart using the information from the texts below:
8
Name Age Nationality Occupation
Isabel Allende
76
Czech
Film Director
PREDICTION
• Correspondência
a) Suponhamos que você acaba de receber um cartão-postal de um amigo que
está viajando. O cartão pegou chuva e algumas palavras desapareceram.
Tente descobrir que palavra foi apagada em cada lacuna através da
previsibilidade fornecida pelo contexto.
Querido_________________________,
A viagem está sendo
__________________ .Tenho____ divertido
bastante por aqui. Há muitas ______________
para fazer durante a noite: vários bares,
restaurantes, cinemas e teatros e
_______________ variedade de shows. A cidade
é ________________ bonita, com uma geografia
encantadora. Ontem __________o Pão de Açúcar
com meus primos. A subida do bondinho dá um
__________na barriga, mas vale a pena vencer o
medo. A _________ lá do alto do morro é
fantástica!
9
c) Apesar de o nome da cidade visitada pelo seu amigo não estar mencionada no
cartão, ela pode ser facilmente reconhecida. Que meios você utilizou para a
dedução? _____________________
d) De que modo seu conhecimento de mundo pode ajudá-lo a fazer inferências?
_______________
______________________________________________________________________
A browser is a software program used to access and display pages and files on the web.
Browsers require a connection to the Internet (e.g., through a cable modem, a direct
Ethernet connection, or a modem).
Popular web browsers include the following: Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Internet Explorer,
and Safari
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Safari are graphical web browsers that can
access text, graphics, sound, and other media. These browsers offer a graphical user
interface in which you use a mouse to navigate. Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Netscape are
available for both Windows and Macintosh computers; Safari is available only for Mac OS X.
Firefox is available to Indiana University users in all of the Student Technology Centers
(STCs). Netscape and Internet Explorer are available in the Windows STCs; Safari is
available in the Macintosh STCs. All are available via IUware at: http://iuware.iu.edu/
10
2) De acordo com o texto, quais são os Browsers mais populares? (Resposta em português)
_________________________________________________________________________
___________
3) O que estes browsers oferecem?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________
4) Para onde o Firefox está disponível?
___________________________________________________
5) Para onde o Safari está disponível?
____________________________________________________
6) Qual é o tipo de texto?
_______________________________________________________________
7) Circule todas as palavras cognatas no texto.
8) Relacione todas as palavras familiares do texto e dê a tradução.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
FALSOS COGNATOS
Também chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos são palavras normalmente
derivadas do latim, que têm portanto a mesma origem e que aparecem em
diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo dos tempos
acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes.
Abaixo está a tabela de falsos cognatos.
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BATON BATUTA, CACETETE BATOM LIPSTICK
BEEF CARNE DE GADO BIFE STEAK
STREERCAR,
BOND LAÇO, LIGAÇÃO BUNDE TRAM
CAFETERIA REFEITÓRIO CAFETERIA COFFEE SHOP
CAMERA MÁQ. FOTOGRÁFICA CÂMARA CHAMBER, TUBE
CARTON CAIXA DE PAPELÃO CARTÃO CARD
CASUALTY FATALIDADE CASUALIDADE CASUALLNESS
CIGAR CHARUTO CIGARRO CIGARETTE
COLLAR GOLA, COLARINHO COLAR NECKLACE
COLLEGE FACULDADE COLÉGIO HIGH SCHOOL
COMMODITY ARTIGO, MERCADORIA COMODIDADE COMFORT
A PAIR OF
COMPASS BÚSSOLA COMPASSO COMPASSES
COMPETITION CONCORRÊNCIA COMPETIÇÃO CONTEST
COMPREHENSIV
E COMPLETO, TOTAL COMPREENSIVO UNDERSTANDING
CONDUCTOR COBRADOR CONDUTOR DRIVER
COMPETIÇÃO,
CONTEST CONCURSO CONTEXTO CONTEXT
CONVENIENT PRÁTICO CONVENIENTE APPROPRIATE
CONVICT CONDENADO CONVICTO CERTAIN
COSTUME ROUPA, FANTASIA COSTUME CUSTOM, HABIT
DATA DADOS, INFORMAÇÕES DATA DATE
DECEPTION LOGRO, FRAUDE DECEPÇÃO DISAPPOINTMENT
DECORAR(ORNAMENTAR
DECORATE ) DECORAR(SABER DE COR) MEMORIZE
DEFENDANT RÉU DEFENDER DEFEND
PROJETO, CRIAÇÃO,
DESIGN ESTILO DESIGNAR APPOINT
DISGUST NÁUSEA DESGOSTO GRIEF
DIVERT DESVIAR DIVERTIR ENJOY
EDITOR REDATOR EDITOR PUBLISHER
EDUCATED INSTRUÍDO EDUCADO POLITE
EMISSION DESCARGA EMISSÃO ISSUE
ENROLL ALISTAR-SE ENROLLAR WIND, CURL
ESTATE PROPRIEDADE, IMÓVEL ESTADO STATE
EXCITING EMPOLGANTE EXCITANTE THRILLING
EXIT SAÍDA ÊXITO SUCCESS
EXPERT PERITO ESPERTO SMART
EXQUISITE APURADO ESQUISITO WEIRD
FABRIC TECIDO FÁBRICA FACTORY
MEMBER OF THE
FAMILIAR CONHECIDO FAMILIAR FAMILY
FILE ARQUIVO FILA LINE, QUEUE
GRIP AGARRAR FIRME GRIPE COLD
INCOME TAX DECLARAÇÃO DE DEVOLUÇÃO DE IMPOSTO INCOME TAX
RETURN IMPOSTO DE RENDA DE RENDA REFUND
INGENIOUS CRIATIVO, ENGENHOSO INGÊNUO NAIVE
INGENUITY ENGENHOSIDADE INGENUIDADE NAIVETY
INJURY FERIMENTO INJÚRIA INSULT
INJURY FERIMENTO INJURIA INSULT
INSCRIPTION RAVAÇÃO EM RELEVO INSCRIÇÃO APPLICATION
INTEND PRETENDER ENTENDER UNDERSTAND
INTOXICATION EMBRIAGUEZ INTOXICAÇÃO POISONING
INTRODUCE APRESENTAR INTRODUZIR INSERT
12
JOURNAL PERIÓDICO JORNAL NEWSPAPER
NUM DADO MOMENTO, JUSTO(APERTADO - DE
JUST APENAS JUSTIÇA) TIGHT - FAIR
LAMP LUMINÁRIA LÂMPADA LIGHT BULB
LARGE GRANDE LARGO WIDE
LECTURE PALESTRA LEITURA READING
LEGEND LENDA LEGENDA SUBTITLE
LIBRARY BIBLIOTECA LIVRARIA BOOKSTORE
LUNCH ALMOÇO LANCHE SNACK
LUXURY LUXO LUXÚRIA LUST
DEPARTMENT
MAGAZINE REVISTA MAGAZINE STORE
ADMINISTRAR,
MANAGE CONSEGUIR MANEJAR HANDLE
MAYOR PREFEITO MAIOR BIGGER
MOISTURE UMIDADE MISTURE MIXTURE
MOROSE RABUGENTO MOROSO SLOW
NOTICE PERCEBER NOTÍCIA NEWS
NOVEL ROMANCE NOVELA SOAP OPERA
OFFICE ESCRITÓRIO OFICIAL OFFICIAL
ORDINARY COMUM ORDINÁRIO VULGAR
ORE MINÉRIO OURO GOLD
PARENTS PAIS PARENTES RELATIVES
PARTICULAR ESPECÍFICO PARTICULAR PRIVATE
PASTA MASSA PASTA FOLDER, PASTE
PHYSICIAN MÉDICO FÍSICO PHYSICAL
POLICY POLÍTICA, NORMA POLÍCIA POLICE
PORT PORTO PORTA DOOR
PORTER CARREGADOR PORTEIRO DOORMAN
PREJUDICE PRECONCEITO PREJUÍZO DAMAGE
PRESCRIBE RECEITAR PRESCREVER EXPIRE
PRESENTLY LOGO, EM BREVE PRESENTEMENTE NOW
PRETEND FINGIR PRETENDER INTEND
PREVENT IMPEDIR PREVENIR WARN
PROCURE CONSEGUIR, ADQUIRIR PROCURAR LOOK FOR
PROFESSOR DE
PROFESSOR UNIVERSIDADE PROFESSOR TEACHER
PROPAGANDA DIVULGAÇÃODE IDÉIAS PROPAGANDA ADVERTISEMENT
APROPRIADO,
PROPER ADEQUADO PRÓPRIO OWN
PULL PUXAR PULAR JUMP
PUSH EMPURRAR PUXAR PULL
CREAK, GUARDA
RANGE VARIAR, COBRIR RANGER FLORESTAL
REALIZE PERCEBER REALIZAR ACCOMPLISH
RECLAIM RECUPERAR RECLAMAR COMPLAIN
REMEMBER,
RECORD GRAVAR, DISCO RECORDAR RECALL
REPORT RELATÓRIO REPÓRTER REPORTER
REQUEST,
REQUIREMENT REQUISITO REQUERIMENTO PETITION
RESPITE INTERVALO, PAUSA RESPEITO RESPECT
RESUME RECOMEÇAR RESUMIR SUMMARIZE
RÉSUMÉ CURRÍCULO RESUMO SUMMARY
RETIRE APOSENTAR RETIRAR WITHDRAW
SCHOLAR ERUDITO, LETRADO ESCOLAR SCHOOLBOY
13
SENSIBLE SENSATO SENSIVEL SENSITIVE
SORT ESPÉCIE, ESCOLHER SORTE LUCK
STABLE FIRME, ESTÁVEL ESTÁBULO BARN
STRANGER DESCONHECIDO ESTRANGEIRO FOREIGNER
STUPID BURRO ESTÚPIDO RUDE
BEAR, STAND,
SUPPORT SUSTENTAR, APOIAR SUPORTAR TOLERATE
COMPREENSIVO, NICE, PLEASANT,
SYMPATHETIC SOLIDÁRIO SIMPÁTICO FRIENDLY
TAX IMPOSTO TAXA FEE
TEMPER TEMPERAMENTO, GÊNIO TEMPERO CONDIMENT
TENANT INQUILINO TENENTE LIEUTENANT
TENTATIVE PROVISÓRIO TENTATIVA ATTEMPT, TRY
TURN VEZ, VOLTA TURNO SHIFT
PROFESSOR
TUTOR PARTICULAR TUTOR GUARDIAN
UNIQUE DIFERENTE, SEM IGUAL ÚNICO THE ONLY ONE
USE UTILIZAR, USAR USAR (VESTIR) WEAR
VEGETABLES VERDURAS, LEGUMES VEGETAIS PLANTS
VINE VINHA, VIDEIRA VINHO WINE
VIAGEM DE BARCO, JOURNEY, TRIP,
VOYAGE NAVE ESPACIAL VIAGEM TRAVEL
A DAY AT WORK
14
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
Texto e lista extraídos do site www.sk.com.br , autor Ricardo Schütz, 1999
USO DO DICIONÁRIO
O dicionário é uma fonte de muitos tipos de informações sobre palavras.
Veja o exemplo abaixo:
COMPUTER:
(KAM’PJULTER). An electronic machine that can be supplied with a program.
É claro que o contexto é sempre importante para a compreensão das palavras que têm
vários significados diferentes. Em Inglês também o contexto é muito importante para a
interpretação adequada dos vocábulos.
1. The waiter fills their glasses with champagne.
2. She went to the optician for a new pair of glasses.
3. This window is made of glass.
4. I like computers.
5. OS2 operating system is like Ms DOS
15
Você precisa ter em mente que na leitura de textos técnicos você encontrará várias palavras
em inglês que talvez já façam parte de seu vocabulário, mas que nesse contexto irão
adquirir novos significados.
Símbolos Comuns:
║ separação da categoria morfológica
~ substitui a palavra de entrada (ou seja, a palavra que se está consultando)
16
diferentes idiomas. Este fenômeno, também chamado de polissemia, ocorre com qualquer
idioma; assim como o português, o inglês também tem inúmeras palavras de múltiplo
significado. É, entretanto a ocorrência do fenômeno na língua mãe do aluno que causa
maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular é sempre mais difícil do que o inverso.
Portanto, sempre que diferentes idéias representadas pela mesma palavra na língua mãe do
aluno corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda língua, o mesmo terá dificuldades
em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras do inglês que correspondem aos
diferentes significados da palavra do português podem eventualmente funcionar como
sinônimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto,
é mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrências mais usuais do vocabulário inglês moderno.
17
Faculty Faculdade (mental) Corpo Docente
Figure Figura Número
Fix Fixar Consertar
General General Geral
Individual Individual Indivíduo
Interest Interesse Juros
Just Justo Apenas
Legend Legenda Lenda
Letter Letra Carta
Match Ligar (Relacionar) Partida (Jogo)
Major Major Principal
Manifest Manifesto Óbvio
Mark Marca Nota
Mass Massa Missa
Matter Matéria Assunto
Medicine Medicina Remédio
Move Mover Mudar
Observe Observar Celebrar
Official Oficial Autoridade
Oil Óleo Petróleo
Operator Operador Telefonista
Order Ordem Pedido
Park Parque Estacionar
Period Período Menstruação
Plant Planta Fábrica
Principal Principal Diretor da escola
Pupil Pupila Aluno
Race Raça Corrida
Rare Raro Mal passado (carne)
Record Recorde Gravar
Rest Resto Descansar
Retire Retirar Aposentar
Roll Rolo Lista
Save Salvar Economizar
Scale Escala Balança
Sequel Sequela Sequencia
Spectacles Espetáculos Óculos
Spirits Espíritos Bebida alcóolica
Story Estória Pavimento, andar
Subject Sujeito Assunto
To Play Jogar/ Brincar Tocar / Imitar
Turkey Turquia Peru
Vice Vice Vício
EXERCÍCIOS
A) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenças:
18
2) She is the principal of the school.
( ) diretora ( ) principal
4) The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b).
a- ( ) operador ( ) telefonista
b- ( ) planta ( ) fábrica
2) We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This
directory is in the directory of the school.
4) You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters.
MOUSE MEMORIES
In 1968 Douglas Engelbart demo’ed a strange device called a mouse. Last week 1.500
people gathered at Stanford University to honor him. Speakers stressed that Engelbart’s
contributions went beyond the mouse.
His Stanford computer was the second one to hook up to ARPAnet, the Internet’s
predecessor, and he developed the first use of multiple “windows”. More important,
Engelbart strove to enhance human intelligence, thus improving our ability to solve
problems.
We’ll click to that.
(Newsweek, December 28, 1998)
19
(SCANNING) Responda as questões abaixo:
1) O que aconteceu:
a) em 1968?
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
3) Verdadeiro ou Falso:
Segundo os oradores, o trabalho de Engelbart restringiu-se à criação do mouse. (cite a linha
do texto em que se encontra essa informação)
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________
Timesharing, the concept of linking a large numbers of users to a single computer via
remote terminals, is developed at MIT in the late 50s and early 60s.
1962: Paul Baran of RAND develops the idea of distributed, packet-switching networks.
ARPANET goes online in 1969.
Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf develop the basic ideas of the Internet in 1973.
20
In 1974 BBN opens the first public packet-switched network - Telenet.
A UUCP link between the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University
establishes USENET in 1979. The first MUD is also developed in 1979, at the University of
Essex.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established as the standard
for ARPANET in 1982.
1987: the number of network hosts breaks 10,000.
1989: the number of hosts breaks 100,000.
Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web. CERN releases the first Web server in 1991.
1992: the number of hosts breaks 1,000,000.
The World Wide Web sports a growth rate of 341,634% in service traffic in its third year,
1993.
The main U.S. Internet backbone traffic begins routing through commercial providers as
NSFNET reverts to a research network in 1994.
The Internet 1996 World Exposition is the first World's Fair to be held on the internet.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________
CONECTORES
1. ADIÇÃO:
- and : e
- in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: além disso
- as well as: assim como
- also: também
- apart from: com exceção de
- both....and: ambos; tanto como
- not only ... but also: não apenas...mas também
2. CONTRASTE/CONCESSÃO/ADVERSATIVA:
- but: mas
- however, neverthless: entretanto
21
- yet: entretanto, ainda
- although, even though, though: embora
- nonetheless, notwithstanding: não obstante
- despite that, in spite of: apesar de
- rather than, instead of: em vez de
- whereas: enquanto
4. CONSEQUÊNCIA/CONCLUSÃO:
- therefore: portanto
- consequently, as a result: consequentemente
- accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente
- hence: pois, então, daí
- thus: assim
- thereby: assim, desse modo
- then: então
- so: então, pois
- finally: finalmente
6. REITERAÇÃO:
- that is: isto é
- in other words: em outras palavras
- in short, in brief: em resumo
- i.e. : (do latim) isto é
- that is to say: quer dizer
7. COMPARAÇÃO:
- like, as: como
- than: do que
8. ILUSTRAÇÃO:
- e.g. : (do latim) por exemplo
- for instance, for example: por exemplo
- such as: tal como
- namely: a saber
- viz: (do latim) quer dizer
9. CONDIÇÃO:
- if: se
- unless: se não, a menos que
- provided that: uma vez que
- on condition that: desde que
- as long as: uma vez que
- subject to: sujeito a
- wether: se
10. CAUSA:
- because: porque
- due to: devido a
22
- as: porque
- since: uma vez que
GRUPOS NOMINAIS
São grupos de palavras, compostos por duas ou mais palavras que estão relacionadas
entre si, sendo que uma é a palavra principal; o substantivo (núcleo), e as outras são os
modificadores; palavras que caracterizam o substantivo.
Observe que nos grupos nominais em Inglês a palavra principal, ou seja, o substantivo
(núcleo) é sempre a última palavra do grupo, ao passo que em português nós começamos o
grupo com ela. Assim, temos:
Outros Exemplos:
Modern computer = Computador moderno
Central processor = Processador central
Laser printer = Impressora à laser
Personal computer = Computador pessoal
24
h.ROM(_______________________________________________________
_____________):_______________________________________________
_________________
i. CD
(____________________________________________________________
____):
_____________________________________________________________
_________
j.ALU(________________________________________________________
____________):________________________________________________
__________________
k. ALGOL
(____________________________________________________________)
:
_____________________________________________________________
_________
l.BASIC(______________________________________________________
______________)
m.COBOL(_____________________________________________________
________________)____________________________________________
_________________
n. CRT
(____________________________________________________________
__):
_____________________________________________________________
________
o. DDD
(____________________________________________________________
__):
_____________________________________________________________
_________
25
p. DOS
(____________________________________________________________
__):
_____________________________________________________________
_________
q. IBM
(____________________________________________________________
__):
_____________________________________________________________
_________
r.I/ODevices(__________________________________________________
__________________):__________________________________________
__________________
s. MVS
(____________________________________________________________
__):
_____________________________________________________________
_________
t. PC
(____________________________________________________________
____):
_____________________________________________________________
________
u.HTML(______________________________________________________
______________):______________________________________________
__________________
v.WWW(______________________________________________________
_______________)_____________________________________________
__________________
26
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
27
e. Control Structure - _______________________________________________________
f. Central Processing Unit - __________________________________________________
g. Magnetic Tape - _________________________________________________________
h. Operating System - ______________________________________________________
i. Access Control - _________________________________________________________
j. Data Processing Department - _______________________________________________
k. Auxiliary Equipment - ____________________________________________________
l. Control Circuits - _________________________________________________________
m. Automatic electronic devices -______________________________________________
n. Last generation program -
________________________________________________________
o. correctly programmed data -
________________________________________________________
p. Computer integrated circuits. -
______________________________________________________
OBS: Os exemplos dados nas atividades a seguir foram adaptados do livro: Infotech English
for Computer Users.
II) Nesta segunda atividade temos: o núcleo e dois modificadores (um artigo e um adjetivo
ou substantivo):
1. the major informations = as informações principais
2. a brief introduction = uma breve introdução (ou uma introdução breve)
3. the English language =
4. the principal program =
5. the file areas =
III) Agora vamos trabalhar com grupos um pouco maiores, compostos de um núcleo mais
dois, três ou mais adjetivos e/ou substantivos. Esses grupos podem ou não vir precedidos
de artigos.
1. ARP -- (Advanced Research Projects) =
2. ASP -- (Application Service Provider) =
3. AT&T – American Telephone & Telegraph Company =
4. CDMA -- (Code Division Multiple Access) =
28
5. CRM - - (Customer Relationship Management) =
6. DHCP -- (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) =
7. DHTML -- (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language) =
8. DNS – (Domain Name System) =
9. DSL -- (Digital Subscriber Line) =
10. Email -- (Electronic Mail) =
11. ERP - - (Enterprise Resource Planning) =
12. FAQ -- (Frequently Asked Questions) =
13. FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol) =
14. HDD – Hard Disk Drive =
15. HTML -- (HyperText Markup Language) =
16. HTTP -- (HyperText Transfer Protocol) =
17. IMAP -- (Internet Message Access Protocol) =
18. IP – Internet Protocol =
19. ISP -- (Internet Service Provider) =
20. IT -- (Information Technology) =
21. JPEG -- (Joint Photographic Experts Group) =
22. LAN – Local Area Network =
23. MAC Address – (Media Access Control Address) =
24. MUD -- (Multi-User Dungeon or Dimension) =
25. OCR – Optical Character Recognition =
26. OSI – (Open Source Initiative) =
27. PDF -- (Portable Document Format) =
28. PPP -- (Point to Point Protocol) =
29. SEO -- (Search Engine Optimization) =
30. SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) =
31. SQL -- (Structured Query Language) =
32. Sysop -- (System Operator) =
33. TCP – Transmission Control Protocol =
34. URI -- (Uniform Resource Identifier) =
35. URL – Uniform Resource Locator =
36. URN -- (Uniform Resource Name) =
37. VOIP -- (Voice Over IP) =
38. VPN -- (Virtual Private Network) =
39. WAN -- (Wide Area Network) =
40. Wi-Fi -- (Wireless Fidelity) =
IV) Há também os grupos nominais com a palavra “of”, onde a ordem das palavras
continua igual em português. Observe que o núcleo do grupo nominal vem antes
da preposição “of”.
29
1. The performance of program = a performance de programa
2. A long history of personal computers = uma longa história de computadores pessoais
3. An essential part of a printer =
4. A important group of personal files =
5. Different languages of the same families =
6. POP = Point of Presence =
For those new to computer programming, data and code go hand in hand. You cannot write
a program of any real value without lines of code, or without data. A Word Processor
program has logic that takes what the user types and stores it in data. It also uses data to
control how it stores and formats what the user types and clicks.
Data is stored in the memory of the computer when the program runs (it can also be stored
in a file, but that is another matter beyond the scope of this tutorial). Each memory 'slot' is
identified by a name that the programmer chooses. For example LineTotal might be used
to name a memory slot that holds the total number of lines in a Word Processor document.
The program can freely read from and write to this memory slot. This kind of data is called a
Variable. It can contain data such as a number or text. Sometimes, we may have data that
we do not want to change. For example, the maximum number of lines that the Word
Processor can handle. When we give a name to such data, we also give it its permanent
value. These are called constants.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________
3) Que nome é dado ao tipo de dado que o programa pode ler livremente e escrever para a
memória slot? __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____
30
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
5) Qual é a correta tradução do título do texto?
a) Dados armazenados em programas de computador
b) Armazenamento de dados em programas de computador.
c) Programas de computador em armazenamento de dados
6) Complete a tradução da frase. “Data is stored in the memory of the computer when the
program runs”
Dado é ______________ na ___________ do computador ___________o programa
_________.
(Material extraído do livro: Técnicas de Leitura em Inglês. Eiter Otavio Guandalini. p. 37-
39.)
Algumas palavras que aparecem nos textos demandam um pouco mais de atenção para
inferi-las e reconhecê-las durante a leitura. São as chamadas palavras derivadas, ou seja,
palavras que apresentam componentes denominados genericamente de afixos – que podem
ser prefixos ou sufixos. O conhecimento da formação das palavras é muito útil, sem dúvida,
para sua compreensão. Isto significa que é necessário reconhecer os afixos mais
comumente usados na língua que se que aprender e, naturalmente, seu significado.
A fim de facilitar sua identificação, colocamos a seguir uma lista com os afixos mais usados
na língua inglesa.
Prefixação – o prefixo muda o significado da palavra primitiva, mas não muda a classe
gramatical.
31
Sufixação – o sufixo pode mudar a classe gramatical da palavra sem mudar-lhe o
sentido primitivo.
Formação de verbos:
- en Freshen blacken Harden
- ify Simplify solidify
- ize Centralize modernize computerize
Formação de advérbios
Formação de substantivos:
Formação de adjetivos:
32
Data Base Administrators, who manage the information collections of business or data
banks.
____________________________________ - ___________________________________
____________________________________ - ___________________________________
____________________________________ - ___________________________________
____________________________________ - ___________________________________
____________________________________ - ___________________________________
AQUECIMENTO
Junte-se a um colega e, em cinco minutos, procure no texto da próxima página as respostas
para as seguintes perguntas. A dupla que acabar primeiro e apresentar todas as respostas
corretas vence a competição.
LEITURA E INTERPRETAÇÃO
33
b) Depois da discussão, organize os parágrafos abaixo numerando os parênteses em
ordem crescente, conforme a cronologia. O título do texto já está marcado.
(A: _____) It was during the Second World War that the modern age of computers began.
In 1930, Vannevar Bush built the first analog computer, which was used to help aim guns in
World War II. In the period between 1938-1942, John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
designed and built the first electronic digital computer, the ABC, which provided the basis
for the development of the ENIAC.
(B:_____) After that, in 1822, Charles Babbage built a machine called “The Difference
Engine,” which he showed at The Paris Exhibition in 1855. Next, Babbage envisioned and
designed “The Analytical Engine”, a machine which could complete programmed arithmetic
operations. Unfortunately, Babbage never finished his work, but many of his ideas were
used as the basis for the modern computer.
(C: _____) The modern computer as we know it today is a result of lots of research and
inventions of the past. The following paragraphs will show you the evolution of this
miraculous machine.
(D: _____) In the period called the Scientific Revolution, which began circa 1540 and lasted
until 1687, many scientists tried to find ways of calculating. As a consequence, other
computational devices were invented. In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical
calculator. In 1673, Gottfried von Leibniz invented another calculating device.
(E: _____) The Scientific Revolution was followed by the Industrial Revolution, which
started in England and brought many advances in technology. Several machines were
developed in this period, and these machines later had a great impact on the development
of computers.
(F: _____) During the same period that Babbage was working on his machines, Lady Ada
Lovelace invented an arithmetic code for Babbage’s machine based on a binary system
similar to the one used with modern computers. For this reason, she is considered to be
the first programmer.
(G: _____) The first calculating device used by man was the ten fingers of his hands. This
explains why we still count in tens and multiples of tens. Then the abacus was invented, a
device which uses small beads or stones to make calculations. This tool was used until the
16th century. It is still used today in some parts of the world to make arithmetical
calculations.
(H: _____) In 1804, Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a weaving loom which was
“programmed” to make certain patterns on cloth. This “program” was a series of holes
punched in paper cards according to a code, and it is very similar to the process used in
punched cards of the first modern computers.
(J: _____) Between 1943 and 1946, funded by the U.S. Army, John Mauchly and J. Eckert
built the first major eletronic digital computer using vacuum tubes. The ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) was huge and weighed about 30 tons.
(K: _____) The developments which took place during World War II led to the advances
made in the period that followed the war. The period after the war led to the
subsequent generations of computers, which may be described as the modern age of
computers.
34
(L: _____) In 1944, Howard Aiken and some engineers from IBM completed MARK 1, an
electro-mechanical calculating device controlled by punched cards. This first digital computer
could figure out long lists of mathematical problems and was used military ballistics.
2) Que informação nova sobre a história do computador você achou mais interessante?
______________________________________________________________________
___________
3) Sabemos que o computador é uma máquina moderna. Por que o autor intitulou o texto
The Pre-History of Computers?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________
4) Das orações abaixo, qual você considera a idéia principal do texto? Por quê?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________
5) A partir do exercício anterior, como você definiria o que deve ser a idéia principal de um
texto?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________
35
4) ________ O mundo da computação criou uma linguagem própria.
5) ________ Hoje em dia quase todo mundo tem uma idéia do que seja um computador.
6) ________ Algumas dessas palavras vêm sendo usadas pelo mundo afora, pois foram
tomadas de empréstimo da língua inglesa por várias outras línguas.
7) ________ Algumas sociedades contemporâneas desconhecem o computador.
8) ________ A etapa final permite ao usuário ver os resultados do processamento.
9) ________ Mesmo nos países ditos desenvolvidos, existem pessoas que não sabem o que
é um computador e não se importam em saber.
WHAT’S IS A COMPUTER?
1 Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has an idea about what a
computer is. We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we know
how to use one or not. But does everyone really know how a computer works
inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the results
5 of the processing as information. There are three basic steps in the computing
process. The first one is input, which consists of feeding data into the computer’s
memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and the computer
processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third and final step is
the output furnished by the computer, which allows the user to see the results
either in printed from or on the screen.
10 The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English words
such as software and hardware are used worldwide and have been borrowed by
many different languages. Software is information in the form of data and
programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical parts that make
up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a great
15 mistake to believe that everybody in the world is computer-literate, i.e., is familiar
with computers and knows how to use them properly. In some contemporary
societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of computers, and
even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know
or do not care about what a computer is.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
c) Escreva na primeira coluna os números correspondentes às palavras definidas na
segunda.
36
g) _________ hardware 7) Programs.
h) _________ data 8) Series of actions that a computer performs to arrive at a
OS USOS DO ING
Palavras cuja formação é composta por ING podem apresentar diferentes classes
gramaticais:
LEARNING = Pode significar aprendendo; aprender ou aprendizagem, dependendo de
como é apresentada na sentença.
(gerúndio)
They are learning how to get more information. = (após o verbo to be)
Eles estão aprendendo como conseguir mais informações.
(verbo/infin.)
This is a way of learning about management. = (após preposições)
Esta é uma maneira de aprender sobre gerenciamento.
(Adjetivo)
This is part of the learning process. = (parte de um grupo nominal)
Isto é parte do processo de aprendizagem.
(Substantivo)
Learning is essencial to life.
Aprendizagem é essencial à vida.
EXERCÍCIOS
__________________________.
37
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EXERCÍCIOS
3) Após baixar o arquivo com sucesso, o que acontecerá com seu Número de Licença?
_________________________________________________________________________
38
_________________________________________________________________________
__
MARCADORES DE SUBSTANTIVOS
a, an = um, uma
the = o, a, os, as
Numerais Cardinais:
One, two, three, etc.
Pronomes Demonstrativos:
This este, esta, isto
QUANTIDADES
Many muitos, muitas
39
(a) few poucos, poucas
REFERÊNCIA CONTEXTUAL
• numerais ordinais;
Quando queremos nos referir a alguma coisa (ou idéia) que já foi mencionada, ou ainda vai
ser mencionada numa determinada sentença, geralmente utilizamos recursos lingüísticos
para não tornar a sentença repetitiva.
Exemplos:
The magazine which is on the desk is old.
A revista que está sobre a mesa é velha.
Paul and Sue are good friends. They always help us.
Paul and Sue são bons amigos. Eles sempre nos ajudam.
• Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idéia anterior ou posterior
utilizando diferentes PRONOMES;
Exercícios
• Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idéia anterior ou posterior
utilizando diferentes PRONOMES.
40
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs
Subject Object
_________________________________________________________________________.
41
7) I like tennis. It is my favorite sport.
_________________________________________________________________________.
• Portanto, temos:
(Para pessoas)
Who
He is the system analyst who/that prepares instructions.
That (pessoa)
(Para coisas)
Which
This is the manual which/that you need.
That (coisa)
EXERCÍCIOS
42
e. Do you know anybody _______ wants to buy a car?
f. You always ask questions _______ are difficult to answer.
g. I have a friend _________ is very good at repairing cars.
h. I think everybody ________ went to the party enjoyed it a lot.
43
Complete as frases com a forma possessiva dos substantivos entre parênteses,
conforme o modelo:
Exemplo:
Richard is the boss of John. Richard is John’s boss.
Geralmente usamos -´s para pessoas:
- Mary´s computer – O computador da Mary.
- Mary´s personal computer – O PC da Mary.
- John´s laser printer – A impressora do John.
- The manager´s equipment – O equipamento do gerente.
• Friend´s or Friends´ :
A casa do meu amigo = My friend´s house.
A casa dos meus amigos = My friends´ house.
44
HARDWARE
The central processing unit, or CPU, is the heart of a computer. In addition to performing
arithmetic and logic operations on data, it controls the rest of the system.
Most CPU chips and microprocessors have four functional sections:
(1) the arithmetic/logic unit;
(2) temporary storage locations;
(3) the control section;
(4) the internal bus.
Input devices let the users enter commands, data, or programs. Computer keyboards are
the most common input devices. Another common input device, the mouse, is a mechanical
device with buttons on the top and a rolling ball in its base. Other input devices include
joysticks and trackballs. Light pens can be used to draw or to point to items or areas on the
display screen. A digitizer pad translates images drawn on it with an electronic pen. Touch
screens allow users to point to items or areas on the screen. Optical scanners “read”
characters on a printed page and translate them into binary numbers that the CPU can use.
Voice-recognition circuitry digitizes spoken words and enters them into the computer.
Memory-storage devices. Most digital computers store data both internally (main
memory) and externally (auxiliary storage units). A computer temporarily stores information
internally on silicon random-access memory, or RAM, chips. Another type of internal
memory consists of a series of read-only memory, or ROM, chips. Some auxiliary storage
devices floppy disks, hard disks and magnetic tape store data by magnetically rearranging
metal particles on disks and tapes.
Output devices let the user see the results of the computer´s data processing. The most
common output device is the video display terminal (VDT), or monitor, which uses a
cathode-ray tube (CRT) to display characters and graphics on a screen. Modems
(modulator-demodulators) and disk drives are input/output devices. Printers generate hard
copy, a printedversion of information stored in one of the computer´s memory systems.
Excerpted from Compton´s Interactive Encyclopedia – 1993, 1994.
SCANNING
HARDWARE
ARMAZENAMENTO DISPOSITIVO DE SAÍDA
DE MEMÓRIA
_____________________
Interno __________ou_______
_____________________
___________________
_____________________
Externo _____________________
_____________________
A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of
computer networks, including:
local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together
(that is, in the same building).
wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected
by telephone lines or radio waves.
campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.
metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.
home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that
connects a person's digital devices.
In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize
different types of networks:
topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies
include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the Quick Reference
section of Webopedia.
protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on
the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called
Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network .
46
architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or
client/server architecture.
Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that
allocate resources for a network are called servers.
7. Traduza: Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called
“servers”.
_________________________________________________________________________
__________
47
PESQUISA DE VOCABULÁRIO
1. The part of a computer system that carries the instructions and programs; the opposite of
hardware: ______________________.
2. All the physical part of a computer such as monitor, CPU, drives, keyboard, printer, the
opposite of software: ______________________.
3. Language that programmers use to give the computer its basic instructions:
________________________.
4. A step-by-step series of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a task:
________________________.
5. The object that prints out the paper copies of documents: ________________________.
9. Collective term for hard disk, floopy disk, tapes, cards on which computers store
information: _________________________.
15. The information that appears on the screen before it is printed out: ________________.
16. The place where you insert the floopy disk or CD-ROM: ________________________.
PRINTING CONCEPTS
When users print, the computer completes several steps that involve a set of components
including executable files, drivers, device interfaces, and dynamic-link libraries, which work
together to create the printed output. Understanding how this process works helps you
48
understand what happens when you print a document and how to solve printing problems.
Printing has two parts: printing process and the print components. The two parts make the
printing process possible. When printing to an Internet print server, the print server adds to
the standard print process by creating an interface for users.
VOCABULARY
To print = imprimir
Print = impressão
Printer = impressora
Set = jogo, conjunto, grupo,
To set up = iniciar, instalar, estabelecer-se
Drive = unidade de disco
Standar = padrão
Device = dispositivo
What´s an Algorithm?
An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that tells how to solve a particular problem. Once
the problem has been identified, the next step is to select the best method for solving it. If
the problem is a familiar one, standardized algorithms may be available from program
libraries. But if standard algorithms are not available or suitable, a new algorithm must be
written and then added to the program library. An algorithm must be specified exactly, so
49
there can be no doubt about what to do next, and it must have a finite number of steps. A
computer program is an algorithm that is written in a language that a computer can
understand, but the same algorithm could be written in several different languages.
• Observe a sentença: “Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to
select the best method for solving it”.
a) substantivo (solução)
b) gerúndio (resolvendo)
c) particípio (resolvido)
d) verbo/infinitivo (resolver)
a) problem
b) identified
c) select
d) method
A microcomputer is the smallest of the three sizes of computers. The central processor of
a micro, called the microprocessor, is built as a single semiconductor device, that is, the
elements necessary to perform all the logical and arithmetic functions are manufactured as
a single chip. The microprocessor literally contains a computer on a chip that can pass
through the eye of a needle.
50
e) _________________________ executes instructions more quickly.
a) ______________ -- ________________________
b) ______________ -- ________________________
51
Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Disk
Magnetic tape – it is one of the principal input/output recording media used with
computers and is mainly used for storing intermediate results of computations and for
compact storing of large amounts of data, in an ordered sequence. It is much cheaper to
store information on tape than in the computer main memory or on a disk memory device,
but it takes longer to locate a particular data item if it is stored on tape: data must be
stored and accessed sequentially.
Magnetic disk – it consists of a series of concentric paths or tracks each capable of storing
data in magnetically coded form. It looks like a phonograph record and a series of disks is
mounted on a vertical shaft. One or more access arms move into the disk to read or write
the data stored on it. Disks may be hard (made out of aluminum) or floppy (made out of
plastic). Disks may be permanently attached to the drive unit or they may be made up as
removable disk packs. Disks may be made even more efficient by using laser beam to read
and write data.
11) Indique os dois erros do Presente Simples com círculos e dê as formas verbais
corretas:
“Some mail systems uses a large disk space, but they doesn´t determine any amount
before its use.”
52
Formas corretas: a) _________________
b) ___________________
“Disks may be permanently attached to the drive unit and they may be made up as
removable disk packs.”
_____________________________ - _____________________________
13) Circule na sentença a palavra que se encontra no Comparativo e dê o seu significado
em Português:
“It is much cheaper to store information on tapes than in the computer main memory”
_________________ = ____________________________
“Magnetic Tape is mainly used for storing(1) intermediate results of computations and for
compact storing(2) of large amounts of data.”
a) armazenar a) armazenar
b) armazenando b) armazenando
c) armazenamento c) armazenamento
d) armazenado d) armazenado
Third-Generation-1964-1971:Integrated-Circuits
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors,
which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the
device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored
the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because
they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
Fourth-Generation-1971-Present:Microprocessors
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated
circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room
could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all
the components of the computer - from the central processing unit and memory to
input/output controls - on a single chip.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced
the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into
many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form
networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation
computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
Exercícios sobre o texto
53
1) Na 3º geração de computadores; o que aconteceu com os “Transistors”?
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3) Na sentença: “Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience
because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.”; destaque as palavras que
estão no Comparativo e dê os seus significados na frase: ____________________ =
_____________________
____________________ = _____________________
_____________________ = _____________________________
_____________________ = ____________________________
A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from
a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that
run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The following are
examples of database applications:
From a technical standpoint, DBMSs can differ widely. The terms relational, network,
flat, and hierarchical all refer to the way a DBMS organizes information internally. The
internal organization can affect how quickly and flexibly you can extract information.
Requests for information from a database are made in the form of a query, which is a
stylized question. For example, the query
SELECT ALL WHERE NAME = "SMITH" AND AGE > 35
requests all records in which the NAME field is SMITH and the AGE field is greater than
35.
54
The set of rules for constructing queries is known as a query language. Different DBMSs
support different query languages, although there is a semi-standardized query
language called SQL (structured query language). Sophisticated languages for managing
database systems are called fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs for short.
The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs
include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of a report.
Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to output information
in the form of graphs and charts.
3) No trecho abaixo:
“From a technical standpoint, DBMSs can differ widely. The terms relational, network, flat,
and hierarchical all refer to the way a DBMS organizes information internally. The internal
organization can affect how quickly and flexibly you can extract information.”;
Identifique o verbo modal que aparece 3 vezes e dê os seus respectivos sujeitos.
________ = ____________________
________ = ____________________
________ = ____________________
5) No segmento “Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth-
generation languages”; a palavra managing significa:
a) gerenciando
b) gerenciar
c) gerenciamento
d) gerenciado
ABOUT CHIPS
55
Nobody expected such a question during an art class. Not from an old teacher of music. And
he added, “ I must confess that I know nothing about chips. I really don´t know anything at
all. Sometimes I feel like a Jurassic teacher.
A quiet girl with curly hair asked shyly, “What do you want to know, professor? I have some
information about it.”
Lucy was her name. Everybody remained silent. No one sang. Nobody played. Lucy stood up
and spoke up; “A computer consists of hundreds of parts, including a monitor, a mouse, disk
drives and a keyboard. Inside the computer is a circuit board. It houses all sorts of
microchips, including those for ROM (read-only memory) and RAM (random-access
memory). Mounted on the circuit board is a microprocessor, which is housed n a protective
container and connected to rows of gold-plated pins. Inside the microprocessor package is
the chip itself. This tiny square of silicon is packed with transistors that process instructions
and data for the computer. A chip can process 500 million instructions every second and it
has the size of a fingernail.
After this explanation everybody clapped their hands. The teacher said. Where have you
learned all this, Lucy, my dear?
“Well”, she said, I´ve read it from an old magazine at the library.
VOCABULARY
to remain = permanecer
to house = conter/armazenar
gold-plated = coberto com ouro
tiny = muito pequeno
Questões
2) O professor se considera:
a) ignorante sobre computação
b) um especialista em computação
c) muito antiquado sobre música
d) um grande leitor de revista de informática
5) Na sentença: “A chip can process 500 million instructions every second and it has the
size of a fingernail”.; o pronome “it” refere-se a:
56
a) million
b) second
c) instructions
d) chip
e) fingernail
________________________ = __________________________________
________________________ = __________________________________
57
CAN: Usamos CAN (do) para dizer que alguma coisa é possível ou que alguém tem a
habilidade/capacidade para fazer algo. Podemos usar com a forma negativa (CAN NOT /
CANNOT ou CAN’T).
Exemplo: Can you swim very fast? No I can’t, but I can play chess.
COULD: algumas vezes o COULD é o passado do CAN. Nós usamos Could para dizer que
alguém tinha habilidade geral para fazer alguma coisa. Podemos usar com a forma
negativa (COULD NOT ou COULDN’T). Usamos Could especialmente com os seguintes
verbos:
MUST / MUSTN’T: Usamos MUST para dizer que nós temos certeza que alguma coisa é
certa.
Exemplos: 1. Fish must live in water. (necessidade)
2. Everybody must uphold laws. (obrigação)
3. He must be your father. (Dedução forte)
4. You mustn’t tell anyone what I said. (proibição)
MAY: Usamos MAY e MIGHT para dizer que alguma coisa é possível ou seja, com 50% de
certeza.. Também usamos para pedir permissão (de algo incerto, com baixa probabilidade
ou mais formal). Não existe diferença importante entre MAY e MIGHT. Podemos dizer, por
exemplo:
“Paul may be in his office.” OU “Paul might be in his office.” (probabilidade)
May I dance with your girlfriend? No, you may not. (permissão com baixa probabilidade)
SHOULD / SHOULDN’T: Geralmente usamos SHOULD quando pedimos ou damos uma
opinião sobre alguma coisa. (frequentemente usamos I think/I don’t think/do you
think).
Exemplos:
I don’t think you should work so hard.
Mike shouldn’t drive really. He is too tired.
EXERCISES:
Traduza as seguintes sentenças para o português e escreva nos parênteses a idéia
expressada pelos verbos modais em destaque.
1. We might have several problems in case inflation rises sharply. (_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
2.They can manufacturer high-tech equipment, but they may have problems to ship it.
(_________________) (___________________)
58
_________________________________________________________________________
_
3.How much should we purchase from that supplier?
(_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
___
4.A foreign company can encourage its employments to study languages.
(_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
___
5.We mustn`t do this because it`s against the laws.
(_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
___
6.Some terms may be included in such exemptions.
(_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
___
7.She must be in trouble in the traffic because she never comes to work late.
(_________________)_______________________________________________________
___________________
8.People should be in contact with a foreign language more often, otherwise they won`t
memorize new vocabulary and structures.
(_________________) ____________________________________________________
9.Companies should develop equipment, processes and goods that are “ecologically clean”.
(_________________)
_______________________________________________________________________
___
59
PUZZLE
E A T O P E R F O R M T T I S
N O T E L A R R Q B A R O Y I
G P D D U X C F D R T B O T N
I R E B T T O S T O R E T M C
N I V M A B M V I D R A H A E
E C E E R V P C E S A D E R T
N E L W M A U U U S L S D E H
T C O S D A T A E S F S W S E
R A P P A C E A C M E D H O N
I R E M G P R O G R A M E U M
E R D K V F O R E I T N E R L
S I A D E V I C E S U G L C O
V E R Y M U C H S E R U S E I
M S R T O H A N D L E N T S F
O E N V I R O N M E D I G I T
60
VOCABULARY
61
d) computer é o núcleo ( )
e) electronic é o núcleo ( )
5) Escreva um breve resumo relatando sobre o que trata o texto.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
62
IMPERATIVO
A forma imperativa, utilizada para ordenar ou pedir algo, possui a mesma forma do infinitivo
do verbo, sem to:
WHAT IS DESKLOOP?
63
Imagine yourself at the center of a virtual loop where all the windows you use are spread
out around you. Whichever window you need to view can be centered in front of you with a
click of a button.
Take this idea and zoom into your pc environment. With Deskloops, all the windows you
have open are aligned side by side in a loop-like order. No more countless windows
arranged one on top of the other in a confusing manner. You can access all the information
you need and navigate through it easily.
The loop can be rotated clockwise and counterclockwise simply by moving the cursor to
the edge of the screen and using right click.
Think of the loop as a dynamic rubber band; with each newly opened window the loop
automatically grows. With every closed or minimized window, the loop becomes smaller.
Anytime you want to return to the desktop, double click on Deskloops tray icon and the
windows will shift aside in one swift motion.
http://www.xilokit.com/deskloops/deskloops.html
http://www.xilokit.com/deskloops/Deskloops_UserGuide.pdf
64
EXERCISE
SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE (Computer), computer program; instructions that cause the hardware (machine)
to do work. Software can be divided into a number of categories based on the types of work
done by programs. The two primary software categories are operating system which control
the workings of the computer, and application software which addresses the multitude of
tasks for which people use computers. Operating System includes programming languages
and utility programs. Application Software includes software that executes accounting, word
processing, data management, communications and graphics. Two additional categories are
network software which enable groups of computers to communicate and language software
SOFTWARE
CATEGORIAS
SISTEMA SOFTWARE DE
LINGUAGEM
65
OPERACIONAL
CARACTERÍSTICAS
________________
________________
________________ COMUNICAÇÃO _____________
________________ ________________
________________
SOFTWARE PIRACY
Software piracy is the unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted computer
software. The most common forms include copying for personal use, for use among
employees of a company, and for resale. The latter includes manufacturing of counterfeit
packages that pretend to be originals.
Piracy is the most widespread computer crime. The Software Publishers Association (SPA),
the principal trade group of the personal computing software industry, estimated that in
1994 the industry lost $8.08 billion worldwide due to illegal copying of operating systems,
education, entertainment, or personal productivity software.
4) Observe a palavra grifada: “The latter includes the manufacturing of counterfeit packages
that pretend to be originals.” Ela é um cognato ou um falso-cognato? Qual o seu real
significado? ________________
______________________________________________________________.
Text:
66
VIRTUAL REALITY
Researchers in computer imaging technology are developing systems by which users can
experience a simulated three-dimensional reality (3D). This simulated reality is known as
virtual reality (VR). Sometimes the term cyberspace is used as synonym with VR.
Since the 1970s, technologists have learned how to produce animated computer images
of objects that exhibit colors, textures and special changings. The images can also be
subjected to changing light conditions and to simulated effects of gravity and other forces.
The results can look as real as actual motion pictures.
The further aim of technologists is to make it for person t “enter” and actually
manipulate VR. This is being achieved by having an observer who wears a headgear through
which computer images are displayed on small screens in front of the eyes. At the same
time, gloves that are equipped with sensors are transmitting apparent changes of body
orientation in VR. A simpler form of these VR techniques is seen in the flight simulators used
for training pilots.
Adapted from: Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.,
1996
Vocabulário Técnico
67
a. People who work in technology area: ____________________________
68
OPERATING SYSTEM
The most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It
is like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that different programs and users running at the
same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for
security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.
69
2. Encontre no texto as seguintes palavras em Inglês:
70
3. O que é um Sistema Operacional, de acordo com a definição do texto?
___________________________________________________________________________
_________
9. Passe a seguinte sentença do texto para o Português: “The Operating System is also
responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system”.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Vamos falar um pouco da história de grandes empresas como a Microsoft e Apple, que
estão relacionadas a sua área de estudo. Para isso, faremos uma análise e comentaremos as
partes principais do filme “Pirates of Silicon Valley”. Posteriormente, você o assistirá !
Os Piratas do Vale de Silício (1999) é um “docudrama” dirigido por Martyn Burke, baseado no
livro: “Fogo no Vale”, que documenta a ascensão do computador doméstico ou PERSONAL
COMPUTER. Mostra a rivalidade entre os computadores da Apple (Apple II e o Apple
Macintosh) e os da Microsoft (Altair de MITS, DOS, PC da IBM, e Windows).
A história central do filme começa nos anos 70, no campus de Berkeley UC durante o
período do movimento livre do discurso e as atribulações do estudante Bill Gates, dos
trabalhos de Steve, dos amigos de infância (Noah Wyle) e do Steve Wozniak (Joey Slotnick),
que daria forma ao computador da Apple, o do amigo Paul Allen (Josh Hopkins), que iniciaria
a Microsoft.
Na primeira cena, Steve Jobs e Steve Wosniak aparecem nos preparativos da produção de
um comercial que ficou muito famoso nos EUA. Trata-se do lançamento do Machintosh. Esse
comercial foi exibido uma única vez, num evento de visibilidade muito grande (uma final de
campeonato esportivo); o equivalente no Brasil seria uma final de campeonato nacional de
futebol.
Steve Jobs , vivido pelo ator Noah Wyle, olha para a câmera com um ar maníaco e diz:
“Não quero que você pense nisso só como um filme. Nós estamos reescrevendo a história da
humanidade.”
Pirates of Silicon Valley, de 1999, conta a história do computador pessoal de um jeito
muito divertido, apesar de conter exageros. Retrata com precisão as diferenças entre os
grandes inventores do computador pessoal: Jobs, Bill Gates e a IBM.
Programming Languages
Just as there are many human languages, so there are many computer languages. In the
early days, people programmed using the computer´s binary code, or what we call `machine
language´. When this became difficult, mnemonics were used to make life easier. This is
called `assembly language´ programming. Finally, there are the high-level languages like
BASIC, FORTRAN, and ALGOL. These are much more similar to everyday language, and are
translated directly or indirectly into the computer´s machine code using the computer´s
firmware.
BASIC is the language most often used to introduce programming.
• Some help
a) _________________________________________________.
b) _________________________________________________.
Machine Language
This is the language which the computer actually understands inside itself. Machine
language statements are written in a binary code, and each statement corresponds to one
machine action.
A program written in high-level language is often called a `source program´, and it cannot
be directly processed by the computer until it has been compiled, which means interpreted
into machine code. Usually a single instruction written in a high-level language, when
transformed into machine code, results in several instructions. But some computers can be
programmed directly in machine code.
• Some help
Grupo Nominal:
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
a) machine code
b) machine language
c) source program
d) several instructions
Assembly language is a programming language that talks fairly directly to the computer.
Unlike machine language, which is what the computer understands, assembly language is
mnemonic, so that it can be understood and remembered more easily by a human being; in
fact, assembly language is really just machine language in mnemonic form.
Assembly languages are specific to a given CPU chip and are named after it (8080
assembly language, 6809 assembly language, etc.) They are harder to program than a
high-level language, but they produce programs that are more efficient and run faster.
• Some help
fairly = quase are named = recebem o nome
unlike = ao contrário de, diferente de after it de acordo com ele (chip
just = apenas, justamente
CPU = Central Processing Unit
5) Na sentença do texto que está sublinhada, o pronome “They” refere-se à palavra:
a) languages c) programs
b) CPU d) chip
High-Level Languages
• Some help
a) gerúndio (programando)
b) verbo (programar)
c) substantivo (programação)
d) particípio(programado)
Internet started in 1969, in a military project in which 21 computers were linked. This means
that a person in one oh those computers could read the files of any other computer in the
same network. This project was called ARPANET. During the 70´s and 80´s, computer
technology developed vary fast. Networks were developed, like the ARPANET.You will do
everything through Internet: shopping, electronic forums, debates etc. The Internet will be
the necessary basis for our everyday life. (Adapted from Sun, Amos)
Questions
Leia o texto acima, aplique as estratégias de leitura e responda:
1) O que o texto afirma sobre a Internet? Escolha apenas uma alternativa correta e
traduza na linha abaixo.
a) will be a military reality in the future
b) will be important for everyone
c) is made of 21 computers
d) can be used to develop technology very fast
e) teachers computer skills
tradução:
___________________________________________________________________________
____
3) De acordo com o texto a frase “computers were linked” pode ser traduzida como:
a) computadores estão ligados
b) computadores eram desligados
c) computadores não eram conectados
d) computadores estão conectados
e) computadores estavam conectados
JAVA
Who is the champion in the world about plataforms! If you said windows, you’re
wrong. The champion in technology is Java. It was created by “sun” to work in receptors of
cable TV, adapted for Internet and later to PDAs, cell phones and similars.
Java is a program language. Softwares that are writen in this “language” can be
executed in any dispositive, since it has the operational system.
This independence is possible due to the fact that this technology is based in a
complex software that permits to execute any order.
The name arose from a conversation among programmers in a coffee shop – Java is
one kind of coffee from Java island. From the name, others have arisen at the same time:
Java beans – Hot Java- only to exemplify. The stylistic cup is the famous reference. And there
is one thing that only programmers know. The first four bytes of any file class are in
hexadecimal, OXCAFEBABE.
Finally, about micro Edition, we have Java me, more known as Jame.
Comprehension questions.
VOCABULARY
Accurate = careful and exact = precisas, certeiras.
Quick = speedy, rapid = velozes, rápidas.
Huge = immense, enormous = enormes, colossais, imenso, vasto.
Decision-making = tomada de posição / tomada de decisão.
Available = acessible = disponíveis, acessíveis.
Networks = redes (de comunicação).
Adding up = achar a soma de
Charge account statements = relatórios de contas de crédito e débito.
Vacation schedule = escala ou programação de férias.
Aid = auxiliar.
Major = principal
To handle = manipular
EXERCISES
1) Escreva abaixo os principais usos de um computador.
First as___________________________________________________________________
Second as_________________________________________________________________
Third as__________________________________________________________________
Finally as_________________________________________________________________
2) Ligue os exemplos e os usos.
(a) planning a vacation schedule ( ) data processing
(b) printing the charge account statements ( ) number processing
(c) projecting sales for an industrial manufacturer ( ) knowledge processing
(d) Adding up the daily transactions at a bank ( ) information analyzing
FAMILIAR TRADUÇÃO
a) to analyse,_______________________________________________________________
b) to project, ______________________________________________________________
c) to print, ________________________________________________________________
d) to plan, ________________________________________________________________
5) Dê a tradução das palavras do exercício anterior.
How to remove malicious software from your computer? Published: August 30, 2005
Despite your best efforts, you may occasionally download a program you don't want.
Here are some ways to remove it. (Note that you may not be able to remove some
programs.)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
4) Por quais dois motivos um usuário pode não querer algum tipo de Add-ons? Em português.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________
5) Quais as sugestões que o texto apresenta para solucionar o problema? Cite todos.
Responda em português.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________
COBOL
In a meeting held at the Pentagon on May 28 and 29, 1959, organized by Charles
Phillips, COBOL was initially created in 1947 by The Short Range Committee, that was
formed to recommend a short range approach to a common business language.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
Leia o texto acima, aplique as estratégias de leitura e responda:
1) Segundo o texto, qual é o conceito de COBOL? Responda em português.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
2) Observe a frase: “…recommend a short range approach to a common business
language.”
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
Up to 20 pages can be placed in the feeder at one time. The pages will be automatically fed
into the fax starting from the page on the bottom.
• If you need to send or copy more than 20 pages, place the additional pages gently and
carefully in the feeder just before the last page is scanned. Do not try to force them in,
as this may cause double-feeding or jamming.
• If your document consists of several large or thick pages which must be loaded one at
a time, insert each page into the feeder as the previous page is being scanned. Insert
gently to prevent double-feeding.
1 Adjust the document guide on the
right side of the feeder to the width
of your document.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2 Place the document face down and
push it gently into the document
feeder. The top edge of the docu-
ment should enter the fax first.
Important
If you need to remove the document from the feeder before the transmission or copying, first
open the operation panel by pulling the front edge up and then remove the document. If you
try to pull out the document without opening the operation panel, you may damage the
feeder mechanism.
Wireless Networking
The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to
communicate using standard network protocols, but without network cabling. Strictly
speaking, any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. The current
buzzword however generally refers to wireless LANs. This technology, fuelled by the
emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802.11, has produced a number
of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and schools as
well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as in warehousing
or point-of-sale handheld equipment.
b. A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this type of
network the access point works like a hub, providing connectivity for the
wireless computers. It can connect (or "bridge") the wireless LAN to a wired
LAN, allowing wireless computer access to LAN resources, such as file servers
or existing Internet Connectivity.
There are two types of access points:
With appropriate networking software support, users on the wireless LAN can share files and
printers located on the wired LAN and vice versa. Vicomsoft's solutions support file sharing
using TCP/IP.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________
3) Uma rede de trabalho sem fio pode também usar um ponto de acesso, ou uma estação
base. Como este ponto de acesso trabalha?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________
4) Quantos tipos de rede de trabalho sem fio existem, de acordo com o texto?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
____________________
5) Escreva o que as figuras 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente representam?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
AFIXO TRADUÇÃO
Photo
Your CV
Example:
EDUCATION
1995 – 2000 Graves High School for Boys
Graves Avenue
Cambridge CB3 4RG
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
QUALIFICATIONS
2000 GCSEs: English, Maths, General Science, Design and Technology, French, Spanish, Art,
and History
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
WORK EXPERIENCE
OCTOBER 2000 – JUNE 2002 Saturday and holiday job testing computer games at
Silicompany, Cambridge.
___________________________________________________________________________
__________
1 – Have you ever had a part-time or work experience job? Tell your class:
Reading
2- Read the curriculum vitae (CV) quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions
below.
1 What is a CV?
2 How is a CV arranged?
a) under headings
b) like a letter
3 Read the CV again and decide if the sentences (1-7) below are true (T) or false (F).
Writing
4 Write your own CV in English using qualifications you already have, or ones that you think
you might get in the future. Use Gavin´s CV as a model for your writing.
Name
Address
Telephone number
e-mail address
Date of birth
Education
Qualifications
Work experience
Other information
Interests
Referee
A) Look at the keys across the top of the computer keyboard and complete the sentences.
1. ~ This is called a ______________________________________
2. ` This is called a ______________________________________
3. ! This is called an ______________________________________
4. @ This symbol means a______________________________________
5. # This symbol means ______________________________________
6. $ This is called a ______________________________________
7. % This symbol means ______________________________________
8. ^ This symbol is called a ______________________________________
9. & This symbol is called an _____________________ and means -
_______________
10. * This symbol is called an ______________________________________
11. ( ) These two marks are called ______________________________________
12. - This is called a ______________________________________
13. + This symbol is called a ______________________________________
14. = This symbol is called an ______________________________________
CROSSWORD
VERTICAIS HORIZONTAIS
1) ampersand 2) and
3) angle brackets 4) apostrophe
5) asterisks 6) at
7) back slash 8) braces
9) brackets 10)circumflex
11)colon 12)comma
13)dollar sign 14)ellipsis
15)equal sign 16)exclamation mark
17)forward slash or virgule 18)full stop
19)grave or grave accent 20)hyphen
21)inverted commas 22)number
23)parentheses 24)per cent
25)period 26)plus sign
27)question mark 28)quotation marks or quotes
29)semicolon 30)tilde
Complete com as palavras da tabela acima(1/5/11/21/23/29 e 4/8/10/15/28)
Complete as lacunas com as palavras abaixo:
A _______________ is a website in which items are posted on a regular basis and displayed
in reverse chronological order. This term is a shortened form of weblog. It comprises text,
hypertext, images, and links (to other web pages and to video, audio and other files). It uses
a conversational style of documentation. A person who posts these entries is called a
___________.
_____________is a real-time communication between two users via computer. Once has
been initiated, either user can enter text by typing on the keyboard and the entered text will
appear on the other user's monitor. Most networks and online services offer its feature.
___________ is an individual who uses a computer. This includes expert programmers as well
as novices. An _________is any individual who runs na application program.
Referências
BOECKNER, Keith & BROWN, P. Charles. Oxford English for Computing.Oxford:Oxford University Press,
1996.
CASTLEMAN, R. K. Digital Image Processing. USA: Prentice Hall, 2000.
CRUZ, Décio Torres & SILVA, Alba Valéria & ROSAS, Marta. Inglês.com.textos para informática.
Salvador: O Autor , 2001.
GALANTE, T. P. Inglês para Processamento de Dados. São Paulo: Atlas, 1996.
MARTINS, Elisabeth P. & PASQUALIN, Ernesto & AMOS, Eduardo. Graded English. São Paulo:
Moderna,1993.
MUNHOZ, Rosângela. Inglês Instrumental – Estratégias de Leitura. Módulo I. São Paulo: TEXTO NOVO,
2000.
________.Inglês Instrumental – Estratégias de Leitura. Módulo II. São Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2001.
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