PROJECT REPORT

ON

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD

OF THE

DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(BANKING & INSURANCE)
2008-11

PROJECT GUIDE: SUBMITTED BY:

MS. POONAM CHAWLA HASHEEN ARORA
R.No – 0331471808

BBA(B&I) 3rd SEM

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies

(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
PSP Area, Plot No. 1, Sector 22, Rohini Delhi 110086)

1
 Project Report on ‘Micro Analysis of Raymond Group’
Table of Contents:-

Student Declaration……………………………………………………………………… (i)

Certificate from Guide…………………………………………………………………… (ii)
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………….. (iii)
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………….... (iv)
1. Chapter-1-Overview of textile industries
2. (a) Industrial Structure……………………………………………………………………
(b) Major Players.……………………………………………………………………….

2. Chapter-2-Company Profile
(a) About Raymond Group……………………..……………………………..
(b) Group Companies of Raymond…………..………………………………..
(c) Joint Ventures……………………………………………………………...
(d) Different Brands…..…………………………………………………….....
(e) Manufacturing Process……………………………………………………..
(f) Designing Department..……………………………………………………
(g) Research & Development…….…………………………………………...
(h) Financial Report…………………………………………………………..
3. Chaper-3-Purpose and Research Methodology
(a) Research Methodology.………………………………………………..
(b) Purpose of Study………………………………………………………
4. Chapter-4-Findings and Analysis
(a) SWOT Analysis.…………………………………………………………
(b) Findings…………………………………………………………………..
5. Chapter-5-Conclusions…………………………………………………….
BIBLOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………………..

2
 STUDENT UNDERTAKING

This is to certify that I have completed the Project titled MICRO ANALYSIS OF

RAYMOND GROUP in under the guidance of Ms. Poonam Chawla in partial fulfillment

of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Business Administration at

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies, Delhi. This is an original piece of work &

I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.

Name of the Student

Hasheen Arora
BBA(B&I) 3RD SEM

3
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “MICRO ANALYSIS OF THE RAYMOND

GROUP” is an academic work done by HASHEEN ARORA submitted in the

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor Of

Business Administration from Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies,

Delhi, under my guidance & direction. To the best of my knowledge and belief the data

& information presented by him/her in the project has not been submitted earlier.

Name of the Faculty Guide

Ms. Poonam Chawla

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My project would be incomplete if at this juncture, I did not Acknowledge those who steered my
project work in the right direction.
First of all I would like to thanks Ms. Poonam Chawla (faculty, MAIMS) as she proved to be constant
source of inspiration and provided timely support at crucial stages of this project work despite the
time and work constraints.
The feeling of gratitude when expressed in words is only a fraction of acknowledgement. I feel
overwhelmed to express my gratitude to all those who extended their consistent support, guidance
and encouragement to complete this task.
Last but not the least I would like to thanks Dr. N.K. Kakkar (Director General, MAIMS), for
providing me with all the help and advice to me in completing my project.

HASHEEN ARORA
MAIMS
BBA (B&I), 3rd Semester
Enrollment No. – 0331471808

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I hereby accept the opportunity to study and work on Raymond Limited, its corporate objectives and its
financial statement. I feel obliged, as this will be a great learning experience as to how to prepare research
reports. Since the research report allotted is a major project report, so the study is done on the data collected
from secondary resources, and thus it is based on exploratory research methods and will thus help to generate
a new insight into the problem.

This research will also help to learn and prepare better projects and execute more effective researches in the
near future. For the purpose of analyzing the data collected for this project, the report has been divided into
the following parts:-

Chapter 1 which covers the overview of textile and apparel industry India and the major players in this
industry.

Chapter 2 which covers brief introduction of the Raymond group,i.e, the company profile followed by the
group companies of Raymond, joint ventures, different leading brands, manufacturing process and the
financial report of the company.

Chapter 3 dealing with the research methodology and the research objective

Chapter 4 which includes the swot analysis and findings and suggestions.

Chapter 5 which covers conclusion of topics discussed, recommendations and bibliography.

This is how the following project research has been executed.

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 CHAPTER-1

OVERVIEW OF
TEXTILE
INDUSTRY

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INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

Textiles is the largest single industry in India accounting for about 20 per cent of the total industrial
production. It provides direct employment to around 35 million people. Textile and clothing exports account
for about 31.1 per cent of the total value of exports from the country and 19 per cent of the total share of
exports. There are 1,850 textile mills with a spinning capacity of about 37 million spindles. While yarn is
mostly produced in the organised mills, fabrics are produced in the decentralised power loom and handloom
sectors as well. The Indian textile industry continues to be predominantly based on cotton, with about 65 per
cent of raw materials consumed being cotton.

Mill Sector

There are 1850 mills in the country of which 284 are composite mills (where the whole cycle of production
from yarn manufacture, to processing to fabric production takes place) and 1438 spinning mills. The installed
capacity is 37 million spindles, 450,000 rotors and 1,40,000 looms.

There are approximately 1200 medium and large scale textile units in the mill sector and 20 per cent of these
mills are located in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu).

The De-Centralised Power loom Sector

Decentralised power loom sector is characterised by mechanised production of fabrics but with no yarn
production at the factory. The decentralised power loom sector plays an important role in meeting the clothing
needs of the country by manufacturing varieties of cloth for the masses. It produces 68% of the total cloth
production in the country, as against16% by the hosiery sector, 5% by the mills and 9% by the handloom
sector. The fast growth of the power looms has been due to certain advantages which they have enjoyed, viz.
low wages, low overheads, low requirement of working capital vis-à-vis the composite mills.

There are approximately 165,0000 power looms operating. The concentration and distribution of power looms
has not changed much over the years with Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu dominating the scene as in
the past.

About 75% of the looms operating in the country require modernisation. While 64% of these require
modernisation from scratch, the remaining 36 per cent require modernisation to a lesser extent.

Handloom Sector

8
The handloom industry is the largest decentralised economic activity providing large-scale rural employment
to nearly 12 million people. It is also the biggest cottage industry after agriculture. The handloom sector
contributes more than 20 per cent of the country’s fabric requirement. The bulk consumption of the handloom
sector is by the domestic market while about 15 per cent of the total production is exported presently in the
form of fabrics and made-ups.

The technology employed in the handloom industry is simple and environment friendly. The loom itself is
operated solely by human metabolic energy and requires space of barely 10 sq metres. The 4 million
handlooms scattered throughout the country involve the efforts of some 15 million men and women
predominantly in the villages.

MAJOR PLAYERS

Some of the major industrialists in textiles are the Mafatlals, the Wadias, the Piramals, Raymond Group, the
Birlas, Lalbhai’s, Kasliwals and Parikhs. Some of the leading mills in India are Arvind Mills for denim in
Ahmedabad, Lakshmi Mills in Coimbatore, Madura Coates and GTN Textiles.

Mafatlals: The Arvind Mafatlal Group’s textiles and apparel business total about U.S. $ 90-100 million in
annual sales. Its flagship company Mafatlal Industries Ltd., has international customers including Marks and
Spencer, Philip Van Heusen, GAP, JC Penney, Klopman, Haam & Al Ghanemi among others and is one of
the largest exporters of fabrics in the country. In the domestic market, it has a distribution network of 200 plus
Mafatlal Family shops spread across the country.

AMG also has garmenting facilities ( in a joint venture with Gruppo La Perla, Italy) and a joint venture with
Burlington Industries, U.S. for a denim manufacturing facility in Navsari, Gujarat.

Wadias: The Wadias own The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd., their flagship company, with 5 units
covering spinning, weaving and processing, with production exceeding 300,000 meters of fabrics per day and
a turnover of approximately U.S. $ 90 million. The company which pioneered the export of textiles in 1940
has a unique India-wide distribution network of over 550 exclusive franchised retail shops covering more than
300 towns. In fact, Bombay Dyeing is one of India’s foremost brands producing sheets, towels, furnishings,
suitings, shirtings and is among the country’s foremost producers of cotton, synthetic fabrics and readymades.

Piramals: The Morarjee Goculdas Spinning & Weaving Company Ltd. ( with a turnover of U.S. $ 60
million) is a Piramal group enterprise – part of the $ 400 million Piramal Enterprises Ltd. Morarjee has
entered into a 50:50 joint venture with Manifattura di Valle Brembana Spa of Italy for manufacturing high
count shirting fabrics. It also has a 50:50 joint venture with Manifattura Castiglioni Spa of Italy for marketing
of home furnishing products . It has also entered into a technical collaboration with Ms/ AG Cilander of
Switzerland for offering different types of finishes for its fine count voiles.

Raymond Ltd: With a capacity of 35 million meters in wool & wool-blended fabrics, Raymond commands
over 60% market share in worsted suiting in India and ranks amongst the first three fully integrated
9
manufacturers of worsted suiting in the world. We are perhaps the only company in the world to have a
diverse product range of nearly 20,000 design and colours of suiting fabric to suit every age, occasion and
style. We export our products to over 55 countries including USA, Canada, Europe, Japan and the Middle
East.

Birlas: The Aditya Birla group which is India’s third largest industrial house has a major textiles operation,
with its flagship company, Indian Rayons Ltd. producing a range of products from viscose filament yarn and
flax yarns to worsted yarn and fire fighting hosepipes. In fact, the Aditya Birla group is the world’s largest
producer of viscose staple fibre. It is also in the garments business with Madura Garments in India being a
leader in the branded apparel market in India
The Birla compay - Grasim Industries which has a turnover in excess of U.S. $ 100 million is also in the
fibre business. In fabrics, the Birla group has two major brands namely, Grasim and Graviera suitings.
The Aditya Birla group also has textiles mills overseas in Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia.

The Lalbhais: The Arvind Mills Ltd. is the flagship company of the U.S. $ 550 million Lalbhai group. It is
one of the top ten manufacturers of denim in the world. The group companies include Arvind Products Ltd.,
Arvind Worldwide (M) Inc, Mauritius, Arvind Worldwide Inc, U.S.A., Arvind Clothing Ltd. ( which has a
collaboration with Cluett International Ltd. of the U.S.), Arvind Fashions Ltd. ( which has a tie-up with VF
Corporation of the U.S.A), and Arvind Overseas (Mauritius) Ltd., Mauritius.

Kasliwals: The S. Kumar Group of the Kasliwals with a turnover of approximately

U.S. $ 200 million is in the business of blended suitings, home textiles, worseted fabrics and read to wear
items. In the uniform and work wear segment, S. Kumars is the dominant brand in India. The group has a 100
per cent EOU in home textiles and manufactures polyester and wool blended and 100 per cent worsted fine
and superfine fabrics.

Parikhs: The Ashima Group owned by C.N. Parikh with its flagship company, Ashima Ltd. is one of India’s
leading 100 per cent cotton fabric manufacturers. The Ashima Group turnover is U.S. $ 153 million. It has a
marketing arrangement with Cone of the U.S.A. With an annual capacity of 65 million metres of woven and
circular knitted cotton fabrics and on account of its qualitative supremacy it commands a base of discerning
customers in more than 45 countries around the world. Its products include denim, suiting, shirtings,
interlining fabrics and circular knitted grey fabrics.

10
CHAPTER-2

COMPANY
PROFILE

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The Raymond Group was incorporated in 1925; and within a span of a few years, transformed from being an
Indian textile major to being a global conglomerate.

In our endeavor to keep nurturing quality and leadership, we always choose the path untrodden - from being
the first in 1959 to introduce a polywool blend in India to creating the world's finest suiting fabric

Today, the Raymond group is vertically and horizontally integrated to provide our customers total textile
solutions. Few companies across the globe have such a diverse product range of nearly 12,000 varieties of
worsted suiting to cater to customers across age groups, occasions and styles.

We manufacture for the world, the finest fabrics- from wool to wool-blended worsted suiting to specialty ring
denims as well as high value shirting.

After making a mark in textiles, Raymond forayed into garmenting through highly successful ventures like
Silver Spark Apparel Ltd. and Regency Texteis Portuguesa Lda (for fine Tailored Suits, Trousers and
Jackets), EverBlue Apparel Ltd. (Jeanswear) and Celebrations Apparel Ltd. (Shirts).

We also have some of the most highly respected apparel brands in our portfolio: Raymond, Manzoni, Park
Avenue, ColorPlus, Parx, Be:, Zapp! and Notting Hill.

With a 500 million US$ turnover, we are today one of the largest players in fabrics, designer wear, denim,
cosmetics & toiletries, engineering files & tools, prophylactics and air charter services in national and
international markets. All our plants are ISO certified, leveraging on cutting-edge technology that adheres to
the highest quality parameters while also being environment friendly.

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GROUP COMPANIES OF RAYMONDS:

* Raymond Ltd.

Raymond Ltd. is among the largest integrated manufacturers of worsted fabrics in the world.

* Raymond Apparel Ltd.

Raymond Apparel Ltd. has in its folio, some of the most highly regarded apparel brands in India - Manzoni,
Park Avenue, Color Plus, Parx, Be: and Zapp! and Notting Hill.

* ColorPlus Fashions Ltd.

ColorPlus is among the largest smart casual brands in the premium category. The company was acquired by
Raymond to cater to the growing demand for a high end, casual wear brand in the country.

* Silver Spark Apparel Ltd.

A garmenting facility manufacturing formal suits, trousers and jackets.

* Regency Texteis Portuguesa Lda

A facility set-up in northern Portugal bordering Spain, in Caminha for the manufacturing suits, jackets and
trousers.

* EverBlue Apparel Ltd.

A state-of-the-art denim garmenting facility.

* Celebrations Apparel Ltd.

A facility set-up for the manufacture of formal shirts.

* J.K. Files & Tools

A leading player in the engineering files & Tools segment and the largest producer of steel files in the world.

13
 OUR JOINT VENTURES

* Raymond UCO Denim Pvt. Ltd.

The manufacturers and marketers of denim fabrics.

* Raymond Zambaiti Pvt. Ltd.

A Greenfield facility manufacturing high value cotton shirting.

* Raymond Fedora Pvt. Ltd.

A plant set up to manufacture carded Woollen fabrics and blankets.

* Gas Apparel Pvt. Ltd.

Our Joint venture with Grotto S.p.A will launch the highly successful 'GAS' brand in India.

* J.K. Ansell Ltd.

The manufacturers and marketers of KamaSutra condoms and surgical gloves.

* J.K. Talabot Ltd.

Our Joint venture with MOB Outillage SA, manufacturing files and rasps for international markets.

14
With a 31 million meters capacity in wool & wool-blended Fabrics, Raymond commands an over 60% market
share in worsted suiting in India and ranks amongst the first three fully integrated manufacturers of worsted
suiting in the world.

J.K. Files & Tools and Ring Plus Aqua Ltd. are the group companies that are engaged in the manufacture of
precision engineering products such as steel files, cutting tools, hand tools, agri tools and auto
Components.

Raymond Ltd. is one of the first Corporate Houses in India to launch Air Charter Services in India in 1996,
and since then it has been always a way ahead for Raymond Aviation.

15
 DIFFERENT BRANDS

A 100% subsidiary of Raymond Limited, Raymond Apparel Ltd. (RAL) ranks amongst India's largest and
most respected apparel companies. We bring to our customers the best of fabric and style through some of the
country's most prestigious brands- Raymond, Manzoni, Park Avenue, Color Plus, Parx, Be:, Zapp! And
Notting Hill.

The company's Design Studio in Thane is well-equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, which stimulate and
nurture the creative energies of the Design Team.

Their efforts are complimented by a research team, which keeps a close watch on international fashion
forecasts and design trends.

A Design Studio has also been set up in Italy recently, which has further enhanced our reputation in providing
cutting edge design solutions of an international standard

All our brands are available at exclusive brand stores, ‘The Raymond Shop’ retail outlets and multi-brand
outlets across India and the Middle East

Manzoni offers discerning customers the finest

in contemporary international style and luxury.

* Super Premium & first home grown Entry level

Luxury* The finest 2ply200s,cottton shirt
launched by Manzoni for the first time in India.

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* The product range comprises Of super premium formalwear And sportswear including Suits, shirts,
trousers and High quality accessories such As

-Handcrafted silk ties,

-Pure leather shoes crafted in Europe

- leather belts

Launched in 1986, Park Avenue provides stylish and innovative wardrobe solutions to well-dressed
gentlemen. As India’s premium lifestyle brand, its designs embody the latest in international fabric, styling,
colour and fashion trends. We cater to customer needs with formal clothing for varied occasions; be it for a
day at office, high-powered corporate meetings, family get-togethers or festive occasions. The shirts, trousers,
suits and jackets need little care and therefore convenient to carry, while traveling..

* Leader in Men’s formal wear

* Awarded Super Brand status in 2006 -07

* Most innovative brand of the year 2006-07

-Shirts made from Bamboo fiber for the first time in India BY Park Avenue in 2006.

-Stain resistant suits for the first time in India by 2006.

Set up in 1993, Color Plus is one of India's leading casual wear brands. Our shirts, trousers, knits, survival
gear and accessories have always met international quality standards. Today, Color Plus is present in

17
over 180 locations in the South and West Asia through exclusive stores and select 'The Raymond Shop'
outlets and is already in the process of expanding further.

* India’s only super premium smart casual brand

* Know for Innovation and creativity

* Thermo-fused buttons, Golf ball wash, Soft jeans, Wrinkle free technology, Stainfree fabric, cone dyed
technique.

Parx reflects the persona of the energetic 22-30 year old who is aggressive, outgoing, dynamic and lives his
life to the fullest. Parx was launched in 1999 to cater to the smart and fashionable clothing segment. The
brand affords a wide range of shirts, trousers, denims, polo’s and outerwear.

* Leader in Smart semi formal wear

* Nominated for -Best casual wear Brand 2006-07. -Best Advertising Campaign”

Be: offers a wide range of apparel and accessories for women across categories namely - Women’s Western
wear, Women’s Ethnic wear, Lounge Wear and Club wear.

Be: brings a large collection of designer products to a large audience that is increasingly becoming aware of
designer wear and dreams of possessing one. Affordability, Accessibility and Acceptability are the three
attributes that characterise Be:

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Zapp! presents an exciting range of garments and accessories targeted at fashion conscious young adults
between the age group of 4-12 years.

From party wear to casual wear, kids can now choose a different style for each different occasion.To go with
their clothes, kids can also shop for accessories such as footwear, bags, bed and bath linen.

With our exciting clothes and accessories line complete with a unique and fun experience; we look forward to
redefining the kidswear market in the country

Notting Hill reflects style and manifests originality of today’s fashion-conscious and discerning young
professionals at an affordable price.

Notting Hill was launched in 2007 to cater to the popular price segment. Designed in-house, the brand
collection features a spectrum of men’s lifestyle products comprising of suits, shirts, trousers, jeans, t-shirts.
Notting Hill promises to be an instant hit with the young working professionals.

. By the end of the first year Notting Hill would be made available across India with over 400 distribution
points.

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 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

INDEX

1. COMBING & TOP DYEING SECTION.

2. SPINNING
3. WEAVING
4. FABRIC DYEING
5. FINISHING
6. DESIGNING DEPARTMENT
7. FOLDING
8. WARE HOUSE
9. QUALITY CONTROL
10. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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1: COMBING & TOP DYEING SECTION

1.1: WOOL PROCESING:

The raw wool is imported from the countries like Australia, New Zealand etc. and for exotic blends; cashmere
& camel hair is produced from India. All the fibres come in staple form of the lengths of 5 to 9 cm.

1.2: BALE OPENING:

 Bale weight: approx. 200 KG.
 Name of the machine: Wiling machine.
The raw wool that is in the bale form is opened manually from the bales and is fed to the Willing machine.
Here initial opening is done with the help of the beaters. Then the material is fed to the scouring machine that
immediately follows this.

1.3: SCOURING:

 Make of the machine: PETRIC MACNAUGHT LTD., ENGLAND.

Raw wool contains natural grease from the animal, along with dirt, dust, burrs, and twigs, hay and other bits
of vegetable matter. Before it can be made into cloth, it must be cleaned by a process of scouring. Long-tined
rakes pull the wool through a series of long tanks filled with mild solution of soda ash or other alkali and
warm, soapy water. The wool floats to the top, while the dirt sinks to the bottom. Between each tub, the wool
is squeezed through rollers to remove grease, dirt and water.
In between these tanks there are squeezing rollers unit which squeeze liquor. The total time for this machine is
15 min.
 Grease content removed is 30% in the form of grease & short fibres.
 The residual grease content in the fibres after this process is 0.2%-0.5%.
 The moisture content in the fibres after this process is 12-15%.
 Production: 350 Kg/hr.

1.3.1: DRYING: Wool is not allowed to become absolutely dry. Usually, about 12-16% of the moisture is
left in the wool. Here heating coils are used and the total time taken by the process is 15 min.

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1.3.2OILING: The fibre is usually treated with 60% wool oil and 40% antistatic agent to keep it from
becoming brittle and avoid any static generation during further processing & to lubricate for spinning
operation.

CHECKLIST FOR WOOL WASHING PROCESS

1. Quantity of greasy wool in hopper must be full to get optimum output & obtain consistency in feeding.
2. Speed of inclined lattice should be optimum.
3. Gauge between inclined lattice & evener roller to be checked.
4. Level of liquid to be checked & maintained.

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5. Temperature & Squeeze roller pressure to be checked & maintained.
6. Condition of squeezing roller lapping & to see that upper layers of 100 % wool
7. Flow back process should be kept in operation.
8. Main & auxiliary fork motion should be jerk less.
9. Liquid circulation should be checked.
10. Drying temperature should be checked.
11. Lattice speed to be checked.
12. Spraying of antistatic solution.
13. Blowing should be smooth.
14. Grease content to be checked.

1.3.4.DEFECTS OF WOOL WASHING

1. Yellowing of fibres.
2. Under scouring.
3. Felting.
4. Burring of fibre.
5. Improper drying.
6. Bad material handling.

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1.4 CARDING

1.4.1 GENERAL:-In the manufacture of worsted yarns, carding is essential process as most of cleaning
takes place here.

1.4.2 Objectives:
 Dividing the fibre tufts into smaller ones.
 Partial stretching of the fibres and to orient them in the same direction.
 To remove impurities such as burr, vegetable matter, dust, dirt (heavier than wool).
 To enable blending of various fibres & evening it out.
 Converting random bulk of fibres in to a rope like form called as sliver.

1.4.3 Defects:
 Overlapping of material on doffer.
 Sliver weight variation.
 Thick & thin planes.
 Cut web on doffer.
Make of the machine: BREVETTO BIELLA, ITALY.
Machine: THIBEAU CARDING 2200mm WORKING WIDTH

FOR CARDING 2500mm WORKING WIDTH

Total 7 carding machines are used each having production capacity of 60 Kg per hour.
The waste removed is called ‘Noil’ which is used in the manufacturing of blankets. (This is sent to the
JALGAON unit as a raw material).
 The total waste removed: 1-1.5%.
 Efficiency of the machine: 85%.
 Production 600 Kg of wool & 720 Kg of polyester.

1.4.5 Quality Checks:

It is important to have uniform & constant feeding viz. achieved by
a. Volumetric feed mechanism.

24
 b. Gravimetric feed mechanism.
During carding, the card sliver should have 0.6-0.8% of grease content & 15-18% moisture content. Sliver
wrapping is also checked after 2 hrs.
Setting of machine is also done during every change.

1.5: GILLING:
The carded wool, which is to be made into worsted yarn, is put through gilling operation.

1.5.1 Objectives:

 To straighten the fibres and parallelise the fibres.

 To remove the shorter staple fibres.

 To blend the fibres.

1.5.2 Defects occurring in gilling:

 Inadequate pressure in roller

 Broken pins or improper density

 Faulty fallers

 Improper gilling

Before combing tree passages of gill boxes are used. The density of the pins in the gill boxes goes on
increasing with each passage from 3 pins/cm to 24 pins/cm. 10 slivers are fed to each machine at a time. After
the 3 passages of gill box material is send to the comber.

1.6 COMBING:

1.6.1 OBJECT:

1. To remove short fibres form the material.

2. To remove all vegetable (foreign) matter & neps.
3. to straighten & parallelize the fibre.

25
 Machine:

• NSC PB-27/28/29/30
• SMB
• SAN

1.6.2. COMBER CHECKLIST:

1. Keep the M/C clean.

2. Run the M/C with full silver.
3. Feed the can of 3rd gill to comber.
4. Check the noil %.
5. Check the combed silver (evenness).
6. Check cylinder needles (half lap). Top comb, feed comb.
7. Check the aprons.

1.7 CONVERTER:

1.7.1 Object: - The continuous filament tow is fed to a converter & is cut into staple form as per requirement
so that it can be used to spun a staple yarn or a sliver can be used for blending with other fibres. So the tow is
then converted into a staple sliver coiled in can.
Advantages of using converter over preparing sliver by Card are:-
1. In converter fibres are cut at the required length so the length variation in the material is greatly
avoided.
2. Carding is completely eliminated. i.e. no waste & carding cost.
3. Higher production than carding (300-450 kg/hr as against 60 kg/hr)
4. This converter is provided with the gill box, thus more parallelization & straightening of fibres.

Machine: NSC D-65RS

After converter 3 passages of gilling are given for doubling & drafting making sliver more parallel &
even. Final delivery may be either a ball top (for blending) or bump top (for top dyeing).
26
1.8: POLYESTER PROCESING:
The polyester continuous filaments are used as a raw material here. These raw materials are sourced from
various manufacturers like IOCL-Chennai, Reliance etc. of different denier and of different finishes like
sparkle, dull, low pill, semi sparkle etc. here no combing process is given to the polyester, since its length is
uniform. There are two types of the process that can be given to the polyester component. One is carded
polyester sequence and other is converted polyester sequence.

1.8.1:CONVERTED POLYESTER SEQUENCE:

The continuous polyester filaments are fed to the converter machine. This machine can cut the filaments into
required length of 75mm, 88mm or 102mm.Normally 88mm staple length is used.
The material is given three passages of gill box and finally ‘Ball-top’ is produced. Its weight is around 12 Kg.
these ball tops are then converted to the bump tops and then they are send for dyeing.
The total production of the machine is 6000 Kg per day.

1.9: COMBING LAB:

In Combing Lab following tests are done:
 Grease content of the raw wool after and before scouring.
 Moisture content test.
 Blend composition of dual blend and tertiary blends.
 Micronaire fineness test.
 Average fibre length test.
 Projection drawing test.
 Uster evenness test. Etc…

1.10 TOP DYEING:-

1.10.1 Sample dyeing:

27
Before sample to be taken for top dyeing, sample dyeing is done at lab scale
The material after sample dyeing is send to the colour matching on spectrometer. If the shade matches with
the standard sample then the bulk dyeing is done.

Introduction:-This is one the most important departments in Raymond’s. Colour, which is very important
in our life as well as in textile industry, is being added here. Though dyeing is an essential and common
department, the method of dyeing that is used here is different. Instead of dyeing the fabrics or yarns the
dyeing is carried out when the material is in sliver form.
Principal:- In this method material is stationary and the dye liquor is moving. Material in the top form is
inserted in the spindles and certain pressure is applied with the help of the pressing machine. Then with the
help of the Crain, carriers are lifted and taken to the machine.
Construction: - Main machine have two vertical cylindrical vessels adjacent to it; one is for the chemicals
i.e. exhausting agents, levelling agents, antistatic agents, soap solution, reduction clearing chemicals etc. and
other is for the dye solution which contains propeller for agitation of the dye liquor. All dyeing machines are
handled by dyeing operators but the working actions of the machines are controlled from main computer
control room.
1.10.2. TOP DYEING LAB:

This is the heart of the department, because peoples working in this department decide the procedures
and the process parameters. Apart from this many other works like, testing various fastness properties of the
dyed material, match the shades, check the purity of the chemicals, and check the sublimation properties of
the disperse dyes, testing the quality of the blends.

1.11: RECOMBING:-

Material from the third gill box is fed to the combing machine. In all 18 combing machines are present with
total production capacity 6000 Kg.

1.12. GILL BOX:

28
The material coming from recombing machines are given two passages of gill box. Finally the bump top is
prepared and this is send to spinning department for further processing.
FLOW CHART:

GREASY POLYESTER POLYESTER

WOOL

CARDING CONVERTER
DIRECT
BALE
BLENDING
GILLING-1 GILLING-1

SCOURING
GILLING-2 GILLING-2

CARDING POLY BUMP GILLING-3

TOPS
GILLING-1
BACK WASH
TOP DYEING
GILLING-2
OPENING
GILLING
GILLING-3 HYDROEXTR
ACTER

GREY DEFELTING
R.F DRYER
COMBING
GILLING-1
GILLING-4

GILLING-2
GILLING-5

GILLING-3
WOOL
BUMP TOP
RECOMBING

GILLING-4

FINAL RECOMBED BUMP TOP TO

SPINNING DEPARTMENT GILLING-5

29
2. SPINNING

30
RAYMOND TEXTILE SPINNING PROCESS

FLOW CHART:-

BUMP TOPS FROM RECOMBING

CONDITIONING

GILLING

RUBING FRAME
RUBBING FRAME
(FM5P)
(FM7N)

RING FRAME

STEAMING

AUTO WINDING

PLY WINDING

TFO

STEAMING

YARN ROOM

31
2.1: CONDITIONING:-
When the tops from combing department are
taken to spinning dept. they are carried in a trolley
and are kept for conditioning. Each trolley
contents about 20 tops. The conditioning room is
closed and the humidifiers are installed in it for humidification. The conditioning time is 24 to 48 hrs. After
conditioning the materials are taken for spinning process.

2.2: GILLING:-
Here tops are opened and gilled and doubled
for which 4 passages of gilling are given. And
mass per unit length is brought under control
which can be fed to roving frame. In the third
passage, Auto leveller is used to eliminate the
short term regularities. Then in the last
passage Bi coiling or Tri coiling is done.
There are two lines. One for coarse fibre
processing and the other for fine fibre
processing.

2.3.1 ROVING:

The sliver is then converted to roving by applying draft

and number of doubling operations to make the material
uniform. The basic operations that are carried here are
1) Feeding 2) Drafting 3) Rubbing (imparting virtual
twist to strengthen the strand of fiber) and 4) Balling or
canning.
Objectives:-
32
 • Drafting: - to reduce the weight per unit length of the sliver
• Twisting: - to impart twist to the roving strand
• Winding:-to wind the roving onto a suitable package

2.3.2RUBBING FRAME:
Objective:-
* To convert the drawn sliver into a form suitable for
spinning in ring frame.
This machine gives false twist to the fibres. In this case the
cohesive force is developed by giving a false twist by the
action of rubbing rollers

2.4:QUALITY CHECK:
Four bobbins from each machine are taken and checked for U% and wrapping. For wrapping 1 meter of
roving is taken. Along with this TPM is also checked. By stretching the rove between the two points, it is
required that fiber must be separated or come out without applying high tension. This is the sign as that
required & optimum twist U% is between 4.0 – 4.2%
Here the final roving is prepared.

2.5 RING FRAME

The Rubbing frame bobbins or the roving bobbins are brought to ring frame dept. and the roving is converted
in to yarn by roller drafting system. A draft of 13 to 30 is given and twisted material is wound on a ring
bobbin

2.6 STEAMING:-
After ring frame the yarn is subjected to steaming. Highly twisted yarns are prone to snarling during winding.
The snarling capacity is reduced by setting the twist under high pressure and temperature. This is achieved by
the process of steaming

33
MATERIAL HANDLING:
The supply material to sectional warping are cheeses or cones,
which are taken from yarn room as per requirement, which are
carried by trolleys to warping department. After the beam is
produced, the remaining bobbins are again carried to yarn room
by trolleys and are store there.

2.7 INTRODUCTION:
In Raymond Mill, sizing operation is omitted, as all the yarns are doubled and have got a good abrasion
resistance and are strong sufficiently. To get abrasion resistance wax is applied at warping. There are some
another advantages of doing sectional warping, which are followed here over beam warping.
- Space required is less as compared to beam warping.
- Yarn breakages can be easily located.
- Fancy structures like rib, strips etc. can be produced in the cloth.
2.8 DRAWING IN:

OBJECTIVE
Warping is carried out to convert predetermined package such as
cone or cheese into sheet of yarn of specified length and width.
Individual ends in warp are uniformly spaced across the spaced
width. In weaving, it is necessary to spread the warp threads
properly in order to get required compactness of cloth. Passing
the warp yarn through the dents of the reed of appropriate count
so that cloth woven from warp will contain required numbers of
ends effects this. Also passing of warp threads through drop wires heald wires and the dent of reed is carried
out by process known as drawing in.

34
 DRAWING IN OPERATION:
The operation of drawing in is called out in following manner…
One operative called ‘Reacher’ and another one called ‘Drawer’ sits at back and front of the frame
respectively. The reaches takes the bunch of warp threads in his hand, straighten them up and select the yarn
one by one from the one extreme end of loom beam in proper sequence. By this time the drawer inserts the
hook through the corresponding reed dent, heald eyes, front to back. The reacher then hooks the yarn in the
hook and drawer will draw it through healds and reed dent and will knot a bunch of threads at reed to avoid
slipping of threads.

3. WEAVING
WEAVING PROCESS OF RAYMOND TEXTILE
3.1: Flow chart:

YARN ROOM

SECTIONAL WARPING

DRAWING- IN

LOOM SHED

PERCHING

GREY MENDING

35
IN WEAVING 6000 Kg. of yarn is converted onto 21000 Metres of fabric per day.

3.2: WEAVING

Objective:-To produces a fabric of desire construction by interlacement of warp and weft yarn.
Introduction:-In Raymond Mill, there are two types of looms, projectile (SULZER RUTI) and rapier looms
(rigid (Dornier) / flexible (NP)).

About 12000 meters of linear fabric is produced per day. There are total 112 looms working three shifts. That
means each loom is producing about 92 meters of fabric per shift. The number of machines according to make
model and loon speed.

This department also has a quality control section where day to day quality parameters of the fabrics are
checked and necessary action are taken whenever there is some diversion from the norms. This quality control
section is linked with the main quality control department, which controls the over all quality checks.

3.3: CHECK ROOM:

Check room is provided to check the fabric structure and faults in the fabric according to the piece ticket,
number of pick are checked. Two more PPI is tolerated; otherwise the fabric is not allowed to pass further.

36
Fabric widths less than 10 mm of reed length are tolerated. Maximum half /one hour is required to check the
sample. Any fault occurred in the sample, the memo is sent to quality control department.

4. FABRIC DYEING

In this department dyeing is carried out in two forms.

1. Fabric dyeing, also called as piece dyeing.
2. Yarn dyeing. (In both cheese/cone form and beam form).

4.1 Fabric Dyeing:-

Fabric dyeing is carried out in either ‘Rope’ form or in ‘Open width’ form.

4.1.1 Rope form:

Here both piece and liquor are moving. Only in case of jet overflow dyeing liquor is stationary & piece is
moving. There are three types of rope dyeing machine:
a) Jet overflow M/C.
b) Brazzoli overflow dyeing M/C.
c) Dalal overflow dyeing M/C.

4.1.2: Open width form:

a) Beam dyeing:
Here the piece is stationary and the liquor is circulating. The piece which is to be dyed is wound on a
perforated cylinder. Hot water is passed through this cylinder at 70 °C. Then it is covered with cotton cloth &
is clamped with collar plates. This batch is then placed in dyeing. there is In-Out & Out-In flow of the liquor
which is controlled automatically. After dyeing fabric is passed through rope opener.

b) Jigger dyeing:

37
Jiggers are used for dyeing the terry viscose fabrics, here reactive dyes are used. Before dyeing the pieces are
wound on Let-off rollers then they are passed through the tank containing dyes and then they are wound on
Take-up rollers. For light shades such 2 shades are given while for dark shades 4 cycles are given.

c) Cheese dyeing:

The cheese dyeing machines are similar to top dyeing machines. Only difference is that here spindles are
used for placing the packages on the carrier, instead of hollow cylinder for placing the top as in case of top
dyeing machine.

Following defects may occur:

1. Uneven dyeing: sometimes patchy dyeing takes place. For this 5-10% levelling is carried out, i.e.
piece is redyed.
2. Draining: if drying process is carried out late, then this effect occurs. There will be lines on the
fabric. So it is passed through hot water at 70 °C.
3. Moiré: slight waviness in the yarn which can be felt by hand. This effect occurs mainly in beam
dyeing.
4. Listing: this defect occurs in viscose dyeing i.e. jigger dyeing there will be a band formation near
the selvedge, so 10% levelling is carried out in jigger.
5. Oxidation: this defect also occurs in jigger. If some soap particles remain on the fabric surface,
so 5-10% levelling is done in jigger.
6. Water mark: if the fabric is kept wet for long time then this defect occurs. There is no way of
correcting this fault, so fabric is cut at the section.

4.2.3FINISH MENDING:

Here all types of defects are detected and the fabrics are classified into ‘A’,’B’,’C’,’D’ groups
depending upon the type and the no. of faults occurring in that particular length of fabric.

Here cutting instructions are also given to the folding department by attaching different coloured tags
(yarns) to the selvedge. If the faults are mendable ten they are mended. Carbon tetra chloride is used for
38
removing stains on the fabric. During the process of mending the length of the fabric is also measured. The
different tags used are:
• White & Blue double thread: fabric to be cut.
• Yellow: full lengths piece to be cut in multiple of 1.2 meters.
12 meters for civil.
15 meters for export.
• Blue: fabric to be send to the J.K Bombay Ltd.,(Garment factory)
• Red: major defect.

Flow chart civil order:

Measuring - Folding - Cutting - Selvedge Stamping – Weighing - Hand Rolling - Top end Stamping – Passing
- Computer entry – Packing – Warehouse

Flow chart export order:

Measuring – Tube rolling – Weighing – Passing – Computer entry – Packaging - Warehouse

5. FINISHING

Finishing is one of the essential

processes to processing mill, where
all materials are subjected before
they put in the market.
Finishing gives following
advantages:
1. Improved appearance - Lustre
2. Improved feel, which depends
on the handle of the fabric and
its softness, fullness etc.
3. It improves wearing qualities -
Ant crease
4. It gives special properties required for particular uses - Water proofing, flame proofing etc.
5. It increases weight of the fabric & sale value of the material.
39
6. It improves natural attractiveness & serviceability of the fabric.
Hence, finishing is essential for a textile good before they are put on the market.
In Raymond there are three dept. of finishing.
1. Wet finishing.
2. Dry finishing.
3. Grey finishing.
Terywool, All wool & Trovin i.e.
Teryviscose fabrics are finished.

.6: DESIGNING DEPARTMENT:

6.1: INTRODUCTION:

The main objective of this department is to produce various designs as per Trends in the market and to
provide sales people the various combinations of designs and blends etc.

There are two ways in which this department has to function:

 The customer sends sample cuttings. This sample is analysed for blend, shade, count, ends/inch,
twist/inch, cover factor, feel, handle etc. if the fabric is available with the mill, and then it is send to
the party for approval. Otherwise various samples are developed with no. of combinations and these
are sending to the customer for their approval.

 The designing department also develops various new designs in different shades and blends, etc.
before this; required information is taken from the production planning department, like
availability of yarn etc., for bulk production. These new self-developed samples are send to the
product department, these samples are presented to the customers and then the bookings are taken.

40
FUNCTION OF THE DESIGNING DEPARTMENT:

1) To attend the international fairs with the sales people and do survey of the market and get the customers for
the company.
2) To make the sample blankets for the sample preparation as per the summer and winter, two times in a year
before the conference. This should be planned before the three months from the conference.
3) If any new fabric order comes, then analyze it and give the details to the sample preparation department for
the sample making and show it to the customer suggested by them and confirm for the bulk order.
4) Then make the master card and forward it to the production-planning department for the production
planning.

The numbers of shades which will be provided to the customer are predetermined. Any sample which can not
be produced in these predetermined shades are termed a ‘Out of range shade’. Following are the colour codes
given:

Colour name Colour code Colour name Colour code

Gold 1 Violet 5
Blue 2 Rust 6
Red 3 Brown 7
Green 4 Black/Grey 8
Mix (Melange) 9

The designing department also caters the needs of exports. A separate section is present for this purpose.

7. FOLDING

The fully finished fabric from the finishing department is being folded in the folding department. The folding
of the fabric is carried out according to the requirements of the civil and export market. Civil fabrics are
folded and export fabrics are rolled on the plastic tube. In folding department fabrics are cut at yellow tags.
Then fabric weight and all the details like length, width, quality, etc. are written on a flag which is attached to

41
 the fabric. Different qualities have different flags. Then selvedge stamping is done & top end stamping is done
as follows:
Name of the company:
Date of manufacturing:
Blend%:
Quality:
Width of the fabric:

These stamping is very necessary as this has been prescribed by the TEXTILE COMMINESSOR.

Flow chart civil order:

Measuring - Folding - Cutting - Selvedge Stamping – Weighing - Hand Rolling - Top end Stamping – Passing -
Computer entry – Packing – Warehouse

Flow chart export order:

Measuring – Tube rolling – Weighing – Passing – Computer entry – Packaging - Warehouse

8. WAREHOUSESING

The material from the folding comes to the warehouse department for the storing. The material is first
divided into the civil or export or exotic. As per the material, this is kept in the bins as per the quality wise and
shade wise.
The civil and export lots are stored separately. About the exotic lots, they are packed in the well packing
suggested by the customer and stored. Dispatches are made as per the requirement.

Fabric Flaws:
 Where in weft wise flaw run across the pieces, the same will be flagged with a red flag.
 Where a warp wise flaw runs down the piece up to 100 cm, same shall be flagged with a red flag at
start of the flaw.
 Where flaws are minor in nature, they will be flagged with white flag.

42
9. QUALITY CONTROL & CENTRAL LAB:

There is a centralized Quality Control lab catering to the various departments. Right from the fibres, to the
delivered finished fabric, all these things are maintained to the highest quality standards.

This department is segregated into four sub labs:

 Combing quality control lab.
 Spinning quality control lab.
 Weaving quality control lab.
 Dyeing and finished quality control lab.

In the central lab, along with the regular mill products, the out side yarns are tested for twist, count, strength,
blends etc. the development fabric samples and out side fabric are tested. Also the samples of J.K Bombay,
J.K. Investors are tested here.

The following parameters are tested for different products.

FIBRE:
Fibre diameter (micronair), oïl content, neps, vegetable matters, moisture etc.

YARN :
Count, strength, twist (single yarn & piled yarn), blend, evenness testing etc.

FABRIC:
Construction, (EPI, PPI, Count), width, weight/sq.mts, partial wear, pilling, seam slippage, shrinkage etc.,
water fastness, dry cleaning fastness, abrasion, blend, tensile strength, crease recovery, rubbing fastness etc.

LEGEND

• 1: TEST IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION PURPOSE

43
 • 2: TEST NOT APPLICABLE
• 3: TEST IF REQUIRED BY CUSTOMER
• 4: TEST REPORT APPROVAL IS ESSENTIAL BEFORE DESPATCH
• 5: SINGLE WEFT QUALITIES & FOR DEVELOPMENT SAMPLES
• 6: TEST REPORTS TO IDENTIFY DEFICIENCES & REPORT IMMEDIATELY

10. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

10.1 FUNCTION:

A number of tests are required to be carried out for the raw material or chemical that is used in the industry.
There are some standards for the raw material and chemical e.g. purity, solid content, pH, fastness,
performance, Density etc. These tests are carried out in R & D by collecting the sample from various depts.
and are compared with ISO norms set and the remark is given about the test, which is to be followed by the
respective department.

10.2 SAMPLING PLAN

• Sample collected from : Store

• Frequency of collection: One sample is tested from each lot.
• Sample tested by : Lab assistant (R&D)
• Result reported to : Manager (R&D)
• Action taken by : Manager (R&D)

R & D of Textile Division continues to develop new products & finishes for the market. All Wool,
light weight, fine count suiting based on Superfine 200’s wool was produced during 2003. Machine washable
100% wool fabric has been developed.

44
 FINANCIAL REPORT
BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31 MARCH 2009

45
 Schedule Amount Amount
No. (in Lacs) (in Lacs)

1.SOURCES OF FUNDS:

A. Shareholders’ Funds:
Share Capital 1 6138.08
Reserve and Surplus 2 129477.86 135615.94

B. Loan Funds: 3
Secured Loan 56686.05
Unsecured Loan 22074.96 78761.01

C. Deferred Tax Liability 5587.73

Total 219964.68

2. APPLICATION OF FUNDS:

A. Fixed Assets: 4
a)Gross Block 123003.48
b)Less: Depreciation 55397.84
c)Net Block 67605.64
d)Capital Work in Progress 8568.51 76174.15

B. Investment 5 98447.50

C. Current Assets, Loan & Advance 6

a)Inventories 28366.36
b)Sundry Debtors 26877.07
c)Cash & Bank Balance 2561.40
d)Other Current Assets 2969.90
e)Loans & Advance 21715.86
82490.59
D. Less: Current Liabilities & Provision 7
a)Liabilities 29083.90
b)Provision 46 8063.66
37147.56
Net Current Assets (C-D) 45343.03
 AMOUNT AMOUNT
INCOME:
Sales , Services & Incentive 8 129962.75
LESS: Excise Duties 1543.40
128419.35
Other income 9 9077.82
137497.17

EXPENDITURES:
Material costs 10 37737.82
Manufacturing costs 11 27099.12
Increase/decrease in finished & process stock 12 791.45
Employment costs 13 22558.39
Administrative, selling & general expense 14 26113.63
Finance charge 15 4711.91
Depreciation 6305.51
125317.83

Less: trial run expenditure capitalized 51.04

Finished &process stock transferred on
divestment of business 3468.26

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR BEFORE 121798.53

EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS: 15172.47
- CONTINUING OPERATIONS 526.17
- DIVESTED DENIM BUSINESS 15698.64

8809.32
ADD:SURPLUS ON DIVESTMENT OF DENIM 684.68
BUSINESS
LESS:OTHERS

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR BEFORE TAX 23823.28

- Current tax 4210.00
- Less: deferred tax 815.00
47
- Fringe benefit 275.00
- Wealth tax 28.00
SCHEDULE NO. 1
SHARE CAPITAL

Authorized:
(10, 0000000 equity share of Rs 10 each) 1000.00
Issued and Subscribed: 6138.08
(6, 13, 80,853 equity share of Rs 10 each fully paid up)

SCHEDULE NO. 2
RESERVES AND SURPLUS

A. Securities premium account 14778.55

B. Capital redemption reserve 1371.01

C. Debenture redemption reserve 1450.00

D. General reserve 83989.5 E. Profit and loss account

27888.77

Total reserve and surplus 129477.86

SCHEDULE NO. 3
LOAN FUNDS
a) Secured loan 56686.05
b) Unsecured Loan 22074.96
Total loan funds 78761.01

48
SCHEDULE NO 5
INVESTMENT ( AT COST/BOOK VALUE)

Long Term Investment 75311.99

Current Investment 23135.51

TOTAL INVESTMENT 98447.50

SCHEDULE NO 6 -
CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS AND ADVANCE

a) INVENTORIES

Loose tools 84.75

Stores & spare parts 1561.50

Stock-in-trade :

Raw Material 4475.97

Goods in process 8673.34

Finished goods 9007.19 22156.5

Merchanting goods 2714.92

Goods in transit 1848.69

TOTAL 28366.3

b) SUNDRY DEBTORS:

Debts 1899.76

49
 Other debts 24977.31

TOTAL 26877.07

c) CASH AND BANK BALANCE:

Cash in hand 709.22

Balance with scheduled Bank 1837.34

Balance with Non scheduled Bank 14.84

TOTAL 2561.40

d) OTHER CURRENT ASSETS:

Export incentive receivable 412.75

Dividend and interest 1798.92

Claims & other receivables 758.23

TOTAL 2969.90

e) LOANS & ADVANCE: 21715.86

TOTAL PER BALANCE SHEET 82490.59

SCHEDULED NO 7

CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISION

50
A) CURRENT LIABILITIES

Remuneration to the directors 17722.89

Advance against sales 771.64

Due to subsidiary companies 1007.15

Deposits from dealers 5600.62

Overdrawn bank balance 1815.07

Other liability 2017.25

Interest accrued but not due 149.28

TOTAL 29083.90

B) PROVISIONS :

For proposed dividend 3069.04

For tax on proposed dividend 521.58

For taxation 468.44

For fringe benefit 2.58

For retirement benefit 2912.71

For excise duties 223.02

Others 866.29

TOTAL 8063.66

TOTAL (A+B) 37147.56

51
 RATIO ANALYSIS: BALANCE SHEET RATIO OR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
RATIO

Current Ratio = Current Assets

Current Liabilities

Year 2009 = 82490.59 = 2.22:1

37147.54

Year 2008 = 77011.19 = 2.33:1

32998.18

Year 2007 = 65501.32 = 2.60:1

25109.78

Note: Generally, the ratio 2:1 is considered satisfactory. So here is no worry about the

Current Ratio:-

Proprietary Ratio = Proprietors Fund or Equities

Fixed Assets +Current Assets

Year 2009 135615.94 = 0.85 or 85.47%

158664.74

Year 2008 118994.53 = 0.73 or 73.67%

161523

52
Year 2007 110393.53 = 0.88 or 88.48%

124755.98

Note: This mean that out of every rupee of assets employed in the business, 85 paisa in 2009,
73 paisa in 2006 and 88 paisa in 2005 contributed by the proprietors and remaining contributes
by the outsider creditors

CHAPTER-3

PURPOSE AND
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

53
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

It refers to the method adopted to collect the relevant data and other information, which forms the basis

of the this writing. So far the effective writing of the report, the data must be quality oriented. My

research is divided into these stages

STAGE I: Data Source

All the data collected by me is secondary in nature. Raymond’s websites provides me their product details

which helps me in making product analysis, company profile of Raymond and the financial statement for the

current year.

The secondary data sources that is being utilized in this project are as follows-.

• The ads in The Times of India.

• Website material on Wikipedia, Raymond’s website (www.raymondindia.com).

• Business magazines.

STAGE II: Analysis

54
In this stage all the data is analyzed and the report is being written. Material collected from various sources is

first arranged and then by consulting the project guide this data is used to prepare report. The data which is

secondary in this report study for the company profile

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

What is Research Objective?

No research is useful if it does not have any research objective. Research objective tells the researcher as for
what kind of information or results, the research has to be carried out. Without the research objective the
researcher will not be able to carry out research and if he performs the research objective it will not be of any
use.

The main emphasis of the study is microanalysis of Raymond ltd which, with over

60% share in India, is the largest integrated manufacturer of worsted fabric in the world.

This study will conclude following objectives: -

• To study Raymond group’s evolution & why it is so successful.

• To study the Production Function & management of the company with other organizational functions

like, finance function, marketing function, human resource function.

• To discuss the future plans, the financial report and Raymond’s strength as a business organization.

55
 CHAPTER-4

FINDINGS

56
 AND
ANALYSIS

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGHTS

The strengths Raymond Group are as follows:

 Company’s name Raymond signifies the quality image high standard and quality product.
 Loyalty from customers is also the major strength for the company.
 Employees are also loyal due to the decentralized culture of company.
 People trust on products due to the proper health and safety measures.
 Being a multinational company it has the capability to attract more customer than the local companies.
 Company has the ability to compete in a dynamic environment.
 Company always adapts the new technology.

57
WEAKNESSES

The weaknesses are as follows:

 There is not much margins for retailers to prefer it’s sales.

 The distribution cost is high as compared to the competition in the local market.
 Company mostly advertises suitings, advertisement is not so better.

OPPORTUNITIES

The opportunities are as follows:

 Post-2005 challenges, a huge opportunity that needs to be capitalised. Global Trade is expected to be
triple from the current USD 305 Bn to USD 856 Bn.
 The company needs to increase focus on product development like new specialized fabric like Smart
Fabrics, Specialized treatments etc..

THREATS

The Threats are as follows:

 Almost all the major players in the industry are competing with each other not only on the basis of
lower prices but also on better quality..
58
 Increasing Social and Ecological awareness is likely to result in increased pressure on the company to
follow international labour and environmental laws.
 Regional Trade Alliances

CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION
&
59
 RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

A leader in the premium fabric market, Raymond is emerging as a garment player to reckon with. Its wide
presence in the export market makes it a strong contender in the race to gain global market share in clothing.

Premium garments to provide avenues for growth. INVESTORS can hold the stock of Raymond. the
company's long-term growth prospects remain unaffected.

The company continues to enjoy a leadership position in the worsted fabric market. It has also gained a
dominant presence in the domestic market for high-end garments. Having made inroads in the export market,
Raymond is better placed to cater to the demand from such markets.

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 RECOMMENDATIONS

The observation which we came across in the company while visiting the manufacturing unit was that the
company what maintained properly and work in progress was proceeding very smoothly. The machinery were
kept in proper way i.e. assembly line was maintained so that wip can be minimized. All the waste material
was collected in dustbins and those waste materials are also utilized in different ways.
We observed that workers were properly trained from time to time. So due to proper training they have
became skilled. The flooring was maintained and their was facility of drinking water for lab ours.
in short the company provides comfort to their workers.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• INTERNET:-
 http://www.bing.com/search?FORM=DNSAS&q=www.raymondindia.com
 http://www.google.co.in/
 http://www.raymondindia.com/grp.asp
 http://m.in.yahoo.com/?p=us

• RAYMOND COMPANY { managers and staff }

1. Mr. Ashok Khedekar
2. Mr. Mishra

• BERI G.C., MARKETING RESEARCH, NEW DELHI, TATA MCGRAW HILL PUBLISHING COMPANY
LIMITED, EDITING 2005, 11TH REPRINT.

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