Angina

(an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh)
 Definition
• A type of chest pain or discomfort caused by
reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
• The heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-
rich blood.
• This lack of blood flow may cause chest pain.
Angina is typically described as squeezing,
pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in your
chest. Many people with angina say it feels
like someone is standing on their chest.
 Etiology
• Stable angina is usually triggered by physical exertion
(e.g. exercise) that cause the heart demands more
blood, but it's harder for the muscle to get enough
blood when your arteries are narrowed. Besides
physical activity, factors such as emotional stress,
cold temperatures, heavy meals and smoking also
can narrow arteries and trigger angina.
• Unstable angina. If fatty deposits (plaques) in a
blood vessel rupture or a blood clot forms, it can
quickly block or reduce flow through a narrowed
artery, suddenly and severely decreasing blood flow
to heart muscle. Unstable angina can also be caused
by conditions such as severe anemia.
• Unstable angina worsens and is not relieved by rest
or your usual medications. If the blood flow doesn't
improve, heart muscle deprived of oxygen dies — a
heart attack. Unstable angina is dangerous and
requires emergency treatment.
• Variant angina. Variant angina, also called
Prinzmetal's angina, is caused by a spasm in a
coronary artery in which the artery momentarily
narrows. This narrowing reduces blood flow to your
heart, causing chest pain. Variant angina accounts for
about 2 percent of angina cases.
 Risk Factor
• Smoking Tobacco
• Diabetes
• High Blood Pressure
• High Blood Cholesterol/ Triglyceride levels
• Personal/ family history of heart disease
• Older age
• Lack of exercise
• Obesity
• Stress
Classification
 Pathophysiology

Angina
 Pathogenesis

Partial obstruction
of blood flow in the Myocardial
Hypoxia
coronary arteries ischemia
(about 70% of ᴓ)

Angina pectoris
Weaken the cells
(severe chest pain)
 Symptoms
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Pain in your arms, neck, jaw, shoulder or back
accompanying chest pain
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Anxiety
• Sweating
• Dizziness