MOHD SHAHRUL ANUAR BIN OMAR AMIRUL IKHWAN BIN MUSTAFHA MOHD FAIRIE BIN MOHAMMAD What is Asexual Reproduction? Only one parent is involved. Offspring are genetically identical to their parents. All cells that come from a single cell are genetically identical to it and to each other; they are all clones. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Parthenogenesis- ("virgin birth"), the females
produce eggs, young develop without being fertilized.
Parthenogenesis occurs in some fishes, several
kinds of insects, and a few species of frogs and lizards. (not mammals because imprinted genes.) Some parthogenesis still requires a sex act, even though nothing happens.
ticks Parthenogenesis cont’d- In a few nonmammalian species it is the only method of reproduction.
Some animals turn to parthenogenesis only
at certain times. APHIDS 2. Binary Fission - occurs in one-celled organisms such as the ameba and paramecium. The nucleus divides by mitosis and the cytoplasm divides, forming 2 new daughter cells of equal size. 3. Budding - Occurs in Hydra and yeast. The division of cytoplasm is unequal so one of the daughter cells is larger than the other. The daughter cells can separate or remain attached. 4. Sporulation - occurs in molds, mosses, etc Spores are produced in large numbers by mitosis. Spores are surrounded by a tough coat to help them survive harsh environmental conditions. 5.Regeneration - Refers to the replacement or regrowth of lost or damaged body parts 6.Vegetative Propagation – Occurs only in plants (vegetative). New plants develop from the roots, stems, or leaves of the parent plant. Comparison Binary fission The division of one cell to give two identical daughter cell Budding a small bud emerges from one side of the yeast cell. The nucleus in the parent cell devides by mitosis to give two nuclei Sporulation Involve the formation of spores. Vegetative A whole new plant is produce from an auxiliary bud, which is formed between a leaf stalk and a stem. Parthenogenesis Formation of new individual from an unfertilized egg cell involving… Binary fission – bacteria Budding – eukaryotes Sporulation – spores Vagetative –some plant (potato, ginger onion) Parthenogenesis – unfertilised egg cell Similarities All are asexual reproduction