Preliminary Practice 1 Paper 1

1. log5 5x – logx 25 = log2 4

log 5 25
log5 5 + log5 x – =2
log 5 x

2
1 + log5 x – =2
log 5 x

2
log5 x – =1
log 5 x
Let y = log5 x
2
y– =1
y
y2 – 2 = y
y2 – y – 2 = 0
(y – 2)(y + 1) = 0
y = 2 or y = –1
log5 x = 2 or log5 x = –1
x = 52 or x = 5–1
1
x = 25 or x =
5
2. 2(4x) = 2y – 2 --- (1)
ex(e3y – 2) = 1 --- (2)

From (1): 2(4x) = 2y – 2

2 × 22x = 2y – 2
21 + 2x = 2y – 2
1 + 2x = y – 2
y = 2x + 3 --- (3)
x 3y – 2
From (2): e ×e = e0
ex + 3y – 2 = e0
x + 3y – 2 = 0 --- (4)
Sub. (3) into (4): x + 3(2x + 3) – 2 = 0
x + 6x + 9 – 2 = 0
7x = –7
x = –1
Put x = –1 into (3): y = 2(–1) + 3
y=1
3. V = 12 000 e–kt
(a) Newly purchased Ÿ t = 0
When t = 0, V = 12 000 e0
= 12 000
(b) When t = 12, V = 8 000
V = 12 000 e–kt becomes
8 000 = 12 000 e–12k
2
e–12k =
3
2
– 12k = l n
3
1 2
k =  ln
12 3
= 0.033789
Hence, V = 12 000 e–0.033789t
When t = 18, V = 12 000 e–0.033789 × 18
= 6 531.94
= 6 532 (correct to nearest dollar)
The expected value is $6 530.
(c) When V = 4 500, V = 12 000 e–0.033789t becomes
– 0 .0 3 3 7 8 9 t
4 500 = 12 000 e
3
e–0.033789t =
8
3
–0.033789t = ln
8
1 3
k =  ln
0.033789 8
= 29.028
= 29 (correct to nearest month)
The age of the motorcycle is 29 months.
4. y = px2 – qx --- (1)
y = –p --- (2)
2
px – qx = –p [ combine (1) & (2) into a single quadratic equation ]
2
px – qx + p = 0
Since the line is a tangent to the curve, b2 – 4ac = 0
(–q)2 – 4(p)(p) = 0
q2 – 4p2 = 0
(q – 2p)(q + 2p) = 0
q = 2p or q = –2p
q = –2p is rejected as both p and q are positive numbers.
p 1
Thus, q = 2p and = Ÿ p:q=1:2
q 2

px2 – qx + p = 0

qr (q ) 2  4( p )( p )
x =
2( p )

qr q2  4p2
=
2p

2p r (2 p) 2  4 p 2
Since q = 2p, x=
2p

=1
Therefore, the x-coordinate of A is 1.
5. (a) Let f(x) = x3 – x2 – ax – b,
f(x) has a factor (x – 3) Ÿ f(3) = 0
(3)3 – (3)2 – a(3) – b = 0
27 – 9 – 3a – b = 0
3a + b = 18 --- (1)
f(x) has a remainder –63 when divided by (x + 4) Ÿ f(–4) = –63
(–4)3 – (–4)2 – a(–4) – b = –63
–64 – 16 + 4a – b = –63
4a – b = 17 --- (2)
Solve simultaneous equations (1) and (2): a = 5, b = 3

x2  2x  1
(b) f(x) = x3 – x2 – 5x – 3 x  3 x  x2  5x  3
3

When f(x) = 0, x3  3x 2
2 x2  5x
x3 – x2 – 5x – 3 = 0 --- (3)
2x2  6x
(x – 3)(x2 + 2x + 1) = 0 x3
(x – 3)(x + 1)2 = 0 --- (4) x3
0
x = 3 or x = –1

(c) 27x3 – 3ax = 9x2 + b

27x3 – 15x = 9x2 + 3 (replace a = 5, b = 3)
27x3 – 9x2 – 15x– 3 = 0
(3x)3 – (3x)2 – 5(3x) – 3 = 0
(3x – 3)(3x + 1)2 = 0 [ compare with (3) & (4) ]
1
x = 1 or x = 
3
6. (a) 2 cos (x – 70q) sin x = sin x 0q < x < 360q
2 cos (x – 70q) sin x – sin x = 0
sin x [ 2 cos (x – 70q) – 1 ] = 0
si n x = 0 or 2 cos (x – 70q) = 1
cos (x – 70q) = 0.5
For sin x = 0, x = 180q
For cos (x – 70q) = 0.5, basic angle = cos–1 (0.5)
= 60q
x – 70q = –60q, 60q [ note: –70q < x – 70q < 290q]
x = 10q, 130q
Ans: x = 10q, 130q, 180q
sin 2 A § 1 ·
(b) tan 2A (2 cos A – sec A) = ¨ 2 cos A  ¸
cos 2 A © cos A ¹

sin 2 A § 2 cos 2 A  1 ·
= ¨¨ ¸¸
cos 2 A © cos A ¹
2 sin A cos A § cos 2 A ·
= ¨ ¸
cos 2 A © cos A ¹
= 2 si n A (shown)
7. (a)
y

(1.5, 1)
1
x
-1 0 1 2 3

-2
(3, -2)

(-1, -4) -4

The range is -4 d y d 1.

x (2 x  6)  x  9
(b) t3
2
x(2x + 6) – x – 9 d –6 (multiply both sides by –2)
2x2 + 6x – x – 9 d –6
2x2 + 5x – 3 d 0
(2x – 1)(x + 3) d 0

+ – +
x

–3 0.5

Hence, –3 d x d 0.5
8. (a) Let the coordinates of B be (x, y).

Since length of AB = 6 2 ,

( x  2) 2  ( y  2) 2 6 2

(x – 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 72 --- (1) (square both sides)

and AB lies on y = x – 4 --- (2)

Solving the simultaneous equations (1) and (2):

(x – 2)2 + (x – 4 + 2)2 = 72 [ sub. (2) into (1) ]
(x – 2)2 + (x – 2)2 = 72
2(x – 2)2 = 72
(x – 2)2 = 36
x–2=r6
x = – 4 or 8
(x = –4 is rejected as B is on the positive x-axis)
Hence, x = 8.
When x = 8, y = 8 – 4 = 4.
? B(8, 4)
The line BC has gradient –1 and it passes through B(8, 4),
the equation of BC is y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 4 = –1(x – 8)
y – 4 = –x + 8
y = –x + 12 --- (3)
The line AC has gradient 3 and it passes through A(2, –2),
the equation of BC is y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (–2) = 3(x – 2)
y + 2 = 3x – 6
y = 3x – 8 --- (4)

Solving the simultaneous equations (3) and (4):

3x – 8 = –x + 12
4x = 20
x=5
Sub. x = 5 into (3): y = –5 + 12
 y=7
? C(5, 7)
1 0 2 8 5 0
(b) Area of quadrilateral OABC =
2 0 2 4 7 0

1
= >(0)(2)  (2)(4)  (8)(7)  (5)(0)@  >(0)(2)  (2)(8)  (4)(5)  (7)(0)@
2
1
= 64  4
2
= 30 uni t s 2

y3
9. (a) Let Y and X = x,
2x
Y2  Y1
Gradient of the line, m =
X 2  X1
62
=
24

4
=
2
= –2
Equation of the line is Y – Y1 = m(X – X1)
Y – 2 = –2(X – 4) [ Using the point (4, 2) ]
Y – 2 = –2X + 8
Y = –2X + 10
y3 y3
Replacing Y by and X by x: = –2x + 10
2x 2x
y – 3 = –4x2 + 20x
y = –4x2 + 20x + 3 --- (1)

(b) When y = 27, equation (1) becomes 27 = –4x2 + 20x + 3

4x2 – 20x + 24 = 0
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
(x – 2)(x – 3) = 0
x = 2 or 3
 8
§ ·
10. (a) In the expansion of ¨ x 3  1 ¸
¨ 2 x ¸¹
©
r
§8· § ·
The (r + 1) term is ¨¨ ¸¸ (x3)8 – r ¨ 1 ¸
©r¹ ¨ 2 x¸
© ¹

1
The power of x in (r + 1) term is 3(8 – r)  r
2
1 1 1
For , the power of x is 3(8 – r)  r = 
x 2 2

1 1
24 – 3r  r = 
2 2
1 1
 3 r =  24
2 2
r =7
7
1 §8· 3 8 – 7 § · 1 ·
The term in is ¨¨ ¸¸ (x ) ¨ 1 ¸ = (8)(x3) §¨ 
¨ 2 x¸ 3.5 ¸
x ©7¹
7
© ¹ © 2 x ¹

1
= 
16 x

1 1
Hence, the coefficient of is  .
x 16

§ 5 1 3· § 3x ·
5 ª § 5 ·§ 3 x ·
2
º
(b) ¨ mx  x ¸ ¨1  ¸ = §¨ mx 5  1 x 3 ·¸ «15  ...  ¨¨ ¸¸¨  ¸  ...»
© 5 ¹© 2 ¹ © 5 ¹ ¬« © 2 ¹© 2 ¹ »¼

ª 45 x 2 º
= §¨ mx 5  1 x 3 ·¸ «15  ...   ...»
© 5 ¹¬ 2 ¼

§ 1 · § 45 ·
The coefficient of x5 is (m)(1) + ¨  ¸ ¨ ¸ = 12
© 5¹ © 2 ¹
1
m– 4 = 12
2
1
m = 16
2
 3x 4  6
11. (a) y =
x2
6
= 3x 2 
x2
= 3x2 – 6x–2
dy
= 6x + 12x–3
dx
12
= 6x 
x3
12
For x > 0, 6x > 0 and > 0,
x3
12 dy
thus 6 x  >0 Ÿ >0
x3 dx
? y increases as x increases.

(b) d
dx
>
(2 x  1) x3 @ = (2 x  1) d
dx
x3 x3
d
dx
(2 x  1)

= (2 x  1) 1
 x  3 (2)
2 x3

= (2 x  1)  4 ( x  3)
2 x3

= 6 x  11 (shown)
2 x3

6 12 x  22 6 2(6 x  11)
³ dx = ³ dx
1
x3 1
x3

= 4 ³ (6 x  11) dx
6

1
2 x3

>
= 4 (2 x  1) x3 @ 6
1

= 4 > (11) 9  (1) 4@

= 4 > 33  2@
= 124
12. (a) s = 2t2 – 4t + 9
When t = 0, s = 2(0)2 – 4(0) + 9
= 9 --- (1)
? Distance AB is 9 m.
(b) v = 4t – 4
At instantaneous rest, v = 0.
4t – 4 = 0
t=1
When t = 1, s = 2(1)2 – 4(1) + 9
= 2–4+9
= 7 --- (2)
? Distance from A is 7 m.
(c) From (1): when t = 0, s = 9.
From (2): when t = 1, s = 7.
When t = 3, s = 2(3)2 – 4(3) + 9
= 15.
? Distance travelled = (9 – 7) + (15 – 7) m
= 10 m
(d) a = t–8
v = ³ (t  8) dt
2
= t  8t  c --- (3)
2
Since instantaneous velocity remains unchanged,
2
v = 0, t = 1, equation (3) becomes 0 = 1  8(1)  c
2
c = 7.5
2
v = t  8t  7.5
2
When v = 0,
t2
 8t  7.5 = 0
2
t 2 – 16 t + 15 = 0
(t – 15)(t – 1) = 0
t = 15 or 1 (reject) ? The next value of t is 15.