Sec 3 A-Maths Solutions

1. (i) Area of the triangle = 1 b h

2

§ 6 ·¸
= 1 (4  27 ) ¨ 5 
2 ¨ 3 ¸¹
©

§ ·
= 1 ¨ 20  24  5 27  6 9 ¸
2 ¨© 3 ¸
¹


= 1 20  8 3  15 3  18
2


= 1 27 3
2

= 1 7 3
2
2
2 § 6 ·¸
(ii) H = (4  27 ) + ¨ 5 
2
¨ 3 ¸¹
©
2
§ ·
= (4) 2  2(4) 27  ( 27 ) 2 + (5) 2  2(5) ¨ 6 ¸  §¨¨ 6 ·¸¸
¨ 3¸ 3 © ¹
© ¹

= 16 + 8 27 + 27 + 25 – 60 + 12
3

= 16 + 8 27 + 27 + 25 – 60 + 12
3

= 80 + 8 27 – 60
3

= 80 + 24 3 – 20 3

= 80 + 4 3
2. (a) (4)x + 1 . 32x = 24
(4)x × 4 . 9x = 24
4x . 9x = 6
36x = 6
62x = 61
2x = 1
x = 0.5

(b) 3 + log2 (x + 1) = 2 log2 (x – 5)

3 log2 2 + log2 (x + 1) = 2 log2 (x – 5)
log2 23 + log2 (x + 1) = log2 (x – 5)2
log2 8(x + 1) = log2 (x – 5)2
? 8(x + 1) = (x – 5)2
8x + 8 = x2 – 10x + 25
x2 – 18x + 17 = 0
(x – 17)(x – 1) = 0
x = 17 or x = 1 (reject)
Ans: x = 17

(c) 3x = 10 – 21(3–x)
Let u = 3x,

u = 10 – 21 §¨ 1 ·¸ (a–n = 1n )
©u¹ a

u2 = 10u – 21
u2 – 10u + 21 = 0
(u – 7)(u– 3) = 0
u=7 or u = 3
Thus, 3x = 7 or 3x = 3
lg 3x = lg 7 or x=1
x lg 3 = lg 7

x = lg 7
lg 3

= 1.77
3. (a) (2 + x)(7x – 4) > –11
14x – 8 + 7x2 – 4x > –11
7x2 + 10x + 3 > 0
(7x + 3)(x + 1) > 0

+ – +
x

–1 3

7

Hence, x < –1 or x >  3

7

(b) y = –6 + k + 8x + kx2
y = kx2 + 8x + k – 6
The graph crosses x-axis Ÿ b2 – 4ac > 0
(8)2 – 4(k)(k – 6) > 0
64 – 4k2 + 24k > 0
–4k2 + 24k + 64 > 0
4k2 – 24k – 64 < 0
k2 – 6k – 16 < 0
(k – 8)(k + 2) < 0

+ – +
k

–2 8

Hence, –2 < k < 8

If x-axis is a tangent to the curve Ÿ b2 – 4ac = 0

(k – 8)(k + 2) = 0
k = 8 or k = –2
4. x2 – x(k – 1) + (k2 + 5k + 9) = 0
The roots are D and E,
 (k  1) b
(a) sum of roots, D + E =  ( sum of roots =  )
1 a
= k–1

k 2  5k  9 c
product of roots, DE = ( product of roots = )
1 a
= k2 + 5k + 9

(b) (D + E )2 = D 2 + 2DE + E 2
D 2 + E 2 = (D + E )2 – 2DE
= (k – 1)2 – 2(k2 + 5k + 9)
= k2 – 2k + 1 – 2k2 – 10k – 18
= –k2 – 12k – 17
= – (k2 + 12k + 17)

(c) D 2 + E 2 = – (k2 + 12k + 17)

= – (k2 + 12k + 62 + 17 – 62)
= – [ (k + 6)2 – 19 ]
= – (k + 6)2 + 19
D 2 + E 2 has the greatest value when k = –6

(d) For new equation with roots D 2 and E 2,

When k = –6,
sum of roots D 2 + E 2 = – (–6 + 6)2 + 19 [ D 2 + E 2 = – (k + 6)2 + 19 ]
= 19
2 2
product of roots D E = (k2 + 5k + 9)2 [ DE = k2 + 5k + 9 ]
= [ (–6)2 + 5(–6) + 9 ]2 [ D 2E 2 = (DE )2 ]\
= [ 15 ]2
= 225
The equation is x2 – (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0
x2 – 19x + 225 = 0
5. (a + x)(1 – 2x)n = 3 – 41x + bx2
ª §n· §n· º
(a + x) «1  ¨¨ ¸¸ (2 x)  ¨¨ ¸¸  2 x 2  ...» = 3 – 41x + bx2
¬ ©1¹ © 2¹ ¼
n (n  1)
ª
(a + x) «1  n  (2 x) 
2
4 x 2   ...º» = 3 – 41x + bx2
¬ ¼
(a + x) [ 1 – 2nx + 2n(n – 1)x2 + … ] = 3 – 41x + bx2

Equating constant terms: (a)(1) = 3 Ÿ a=3

Equating coefficients of x: (a)(–2n) + 1 = –41
(3)(–2n) + 1 = –41
6n = 42
n=7
Equating coefficients of x2: (a)2n(n – 1) + 1(–2n) = b
(3)(2)(7)(6) + 1(–14) = b
b = 238

6. (a) x2 + y2 – 2x + y – 5 = 0
 Comparing with x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
1
we have g = – 1, f = , c = –5.
2
1
The circle has centre (1,  ) Centre = (–g, –f)
2

Alternatively, the centre is at § coefficient of x coefficient of y ·

¨ , ¸
© 2 2 ¹

= §¨  2 , 1 ·¸
©2  2¹

1
= (1,  )
2

Given that M(2, –1),

1
 1  ( ) y2  y1
gradient of the line = 2 gradient, m =
2 1 x2  x1
1
= 
2
1
Equation of the line is y – (–1) =  (x – 2) y – y1 = m(x – x1)
2
1
y+1=  x+1
2
1
y=  x
2
(b) gradientAB × gradient(line) = –1
x xB
1
gradientAB ×  = –1
2 M
gradientAB = 2 Ax
line
Equation of the chard AB is y – (–1) = 2(x – 2)
y + 1 = 2x – 4
y = 2x – 5
(c) Let the coordinates of D be (x, y)
Since the midpoint of CD is the centre of the circle,
§  2  x 1  y · 1 § x  x2 y1  y2 ·
? ¨ , ¸ = (1,  ) midpoint = ¨ 1 , ¸
© 2 2 ¹ 2 © 2 2 ¹
Solving; x = 4, y = 0
Therefore, D(4, 0)
7. (a) Let f(x) = x3 + px2 + 2x + 1,
When f(x) is divided by (x – 2) and by (x + 1),
the remainders are f(2) and f(–1) respectively.
f(2) = 3 × f(–1)
(2)3 + p(2)2 + 2(2) + 1 = 3 [ (–1)3 + p(–1)2 + 2(–1) + 1 ]
8 + 4p + 4 + 1 = 3 [ –1 + p – 2 + 1 ]
4p + 13 = 3p – 6
p = –19
4 x 2  5x  6
x  3 4 x  7 x 2  21x  18
3

(b) Let f(x) = 4x3 – 7x2 – 21x + 18 4 x 3  12 x 2

5 x 2  21x
f(3) = 4(3)3 – 7(3)2 – 21(3) + 18
5 x 2  15 x
=0  6 x  18
(x – 3) is a factor of f(x)  6 x  18
0
(x – 3)(4x2 + 5x – 6) = 0
(x – 3)(4x – 3)(x + 2)

6x  2
(c)
4 x  7 x 2  21x  18
3

6x  2 A B C
= =  
( x  3) (4 x  3)( x  2) x  3 4x  3 x  2

Multiplying throughout by (x – 3)(x + 2)(4x – 3),

6x + 2 = A(4x – 3)(x + 2) + B(x – 3)(x + 2) + C(x – 3)(4x – 3)
When x = 3, 20 = A(9)(5) + 0 + 0
20 = 45A
4
A=
9
When x = –2, –10 = 0 + 0 + C(–5)(–11)
–10 = 55C
2
C= 
11
3 1
When x = , 6 = 0 + B(–2.25)(2.75) + 0
4 2
104
B= 
99
 4 104 2
 
6x  2
Hence, = 9  99  11
( x  3) (4 x  3)( x  2) x  3 4x  3 x  2

4 104 2
=  
9 ( x  3) 99 (4 x  3) 11 ( x  2)

8. y 1
y x2
2

2
1 y=1
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
-1

For y d 1, the set of values of x is –6 d x d –2.

9. (i) Let X be the point (0, 3) and M be (x, y)

Since A, X and M are collinear,

gradientAM = gradientAX
y0 30
=
x  (3) 0  (3)

y
=1
x3

y=x+3 --- (1)

Since BM is perpendicular to AX,

gradientBM × gradientAX = –1
y6
× 1 = –1
x  (1)
y6
= –1
x 1

y = –x + 5 --- (2)
Solving the simultaneous equations (1) & (2):
x = 1, y = 4
The coordinates of M is (1, 4).

Since the midpoint of AC is M,

§ p  (3) q  0 ·
¨ , ¸ = (1, 4)
© 2 2 ¹
p3
=1 Ÿ p=5
2
q
=4 Ÿ q=8
2
The coordinates of C is (5, 8).
(ii) Let D be (k, 0). (D lies on x-axis Ÿ y-coordinate of D is 0)
Since B, M and D are collinear,
GradientMD = gradientBM
40 64
=
1 k 1 1

4
= –1
1 k

k=5 Ÿ D(5, 0)

1 3 5 1 3
(iii) Area of triangle AMD =
2 0 0 4 0

1
= >(3)(0)  (5)(4)  (1)(0)@  >(0)(5)  (0)(1)  (4)(3)@
2
1
= 20  (12)
2
= 16 uni t s 2

(iv) Ratio of BD : MD = [ ( 5  (1 ) ] 2  ( 0  6 ) 2 : ( 5  1) 2  ( 0  4 ) 2

= 36  36 : 16  16

= 72 : 32

=6 2 : 4 2 (simplified surds)

= 6:4
= 3:2
10. (a) Let Y = lg y and X = x + 1,
Y2  Y1
Gradient of the line, m =
X 2  X1
11  5
=
63
= 2
Equation of the line is Y – Y1 = m(X – X1)
Y – 5 = 2(X – 3) [ Using the point (3, 5) ]
Y – 5 = 2X – 6
Y = 2X – 1
Replacing Y by lg y and X by x + 1,
lg y = 2(x + 1) – 1
lg y = 2x + 1
y = 102x + 1 (changing log form to index form)

a
(b) (i) xy = + bx
x
Multiply throughout by x,
x2y = a + bx2
x2y = bx2 + a (Y = xy2 and X = x2)

Plot the graph of x2y against x2.

From the graph, the gradient = b
the Y-intercept = a

(ii) 3x2y + 4x2 = 45 (Manipulate the equation)

3x2y = –4x2 + 45
4 2 4
x2y =  x + 15 Ÿ Plot the line Y =  X + 15
3 3
The intersection of the 2 lines gives the value of x and of y.