Interdependence of Rishabh Engg Co

Interdependence Of Rishabh Engg Co.
On PSU’s & Public Departments
Executive Summary
Every business organization big or small has its own sets of problems. Sometimes they enjoy
advantages over others; sometimes they also have to bear the heat of the competition. They
are not above the ups and downs of the business. Rishabh Engineering Company deals in DG
sets and acoustic system. It has one Manufacturing Unit and one Purchasing Unit. The main
objective of this study is to find the interdependence of public departments for an
organisation and to understand the ways to deal with other agencies and maintaining public
relations. Basically we will learn and try to find methods to improve communication so as to
make more business with public sector units. For this purpose, I have tried to understand their
requirements and the means to fulfil it. I have contacted Additional General Managers(AGM)
of Material Management Research(MMR) department of various Public Sector Units to find
out the requirements of DG sets and electrical equipments and their maintenance and the
methods of tender filing and the procurement system for the vendor registration . I also
learned all the paper work done for vendor registration and tries to understand the
dependency of an organisation on PSUs for its smooth functioning. Based on the set of
activities I find out that using our competence base as the foundation for finding new ways of
doing things in a manner that improves the quality and efficiency of the services provided.
NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 1

Interdependence Of Rishabh Engg Co. On PSU’s & Public Departments
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Company Profile
Incepted in 1979, it offers a host of engineering solutions and services to our clientele. It is
one of the renowned manufacturers and exporters of high quality diesel gen set, water
pumping systems, water pumping sets, diesel generator, power generators, alternators,
pumping sets, peter and lister engines (used for high and low speed irrigation engines) and
their spare parts. At " Rishabh" people are chiefly engaged in identifying, assisting and
mentoring the electric power requirement of the different household, corporate and
organization.
Based in Ghaziabad, UP (India), Rishabh Engineering has earned a praiseworthy recognition

in the global market as manufacturer and exporter of diesel genset, diesel generators,
alternators, diesel engines & other DG sets powered with Kirloskar, Ashok Leyland,
Mahindra, Eicher, Escorts, HMT & Shri Vardhman make engines. With its impressive array
of reliable engineering products and efficient after sales service backup, Rishabh Engineering
has a remarkable position in the market.
SOME OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE:
Acoustic
Power GeneratorsAlternators Irrigation Engines
Enclosures / Sound
(2-2000 Kw) (2-500 Kw) (4hp onwards)
Proof Canopies
• Kirloskar • Shri • Shrivardhman • Approved as
powered Vardhaman Peter/ Kirloskar per CPCB

generators • Kirlosakar high speed norm
• Cummins electricals engines • Used mostly
powered • Shri in silent
• Lister type low
generators Vardhaman generators
speed engines
• Ashok Leyland Welding and
powered alternators Compressors.
generators • Jyoti
• Finds
• HMT powered Alternators
application in
generators

• Shaktimaan
• Stanford various types
powered
Alternators of machines
generators
also
• Shri
Vardhaman
powered
generators
• Surya powered
generators
SERVICES OFFERED INCLUDE:

Generators on Hire
It has recently diversified to offer diesel power generator from 15 Kva to 1000 KVA on rent.
Spares
Spare parts are available for the complete product range with the brand name of "Venus".
• Distributors of U.P. for "Usha" genuine spare parts.
QUALITY & INFRASTRUCTURE :

Rishabh Engg. Co. in an ISO 9001 : 2000 accredited company, which shows that quality
management is the essence of the company. Rishabh Engineering started manufacturing 'Shri
Vardhman' power generator in 1979. Eight years of direct export experience since 1980 - 87
has enabled the company making timely deliveries. Rishabh Engg. Co. is a well- known
organization with a professional and powerful team consisting of personnel with proven skill
related to electricity generation by means of generators.
FUTURE PLANS :
After the advent of internet and e-commerce which has finally blurred the distinction in
domestic and international economy, the business today is truly global, in which only the best
running on the track of international standards can hope to survive and at Rishabh, people are
committed to adopt the changes of the ever changing economies of the world.

LATEST DEVELOPMENT :
» 100% silent generator form 2 kw-2000 kw.
» Fully automatic generator.
» Remote start generator.

Diesel Generator Set
INTRODUCTION :
Diesel Generator set is used to generate electricity for meeting the electricity requirement of
small establishments such as commercial buildings, Hotels, Railway Stations, Telephone
Exchange, Shops etc. when there is a power supply failure from the State Electricity Board or
other power supply undertakings.
The Diesel Generator sets proposed in this project profile are of lower capacity only i.e.
below 7.5 kVA. The prime mover of the Generator set will be a diesel engine and the prime
mover will be coupled to an alternator (single phase for small units). There will be a control
panel to control the on/off operation/change over from mains supply to Generator set supply
etc. Generator sets of higher rating have to be started with battery starters. Diesel Generator
sets of smaller rating can be started by cranking.
MARKET POTENTIAL :
Since power failure is very common in India, this equipment has got good demand. Diesel
Generator set of 5 kVA rating is having very good market as it suits to most of the
commercial establishments.
Basis and Presumptions
i) The basis for calculation of production capacity has been taken on single shift basis on 75%
efficiency.
ii) The maximum capacity utilization on single shift basis for 300 days a year. During first
year and second year of operations the capacity utilization is 60% and 80% respectively. The
unit is expected to achieve full capacity utilization from the third year onwards.
iii) The salaries and wages, cost of raw materials, utilities, rents, etc. are based on the
prevailing rates in and around Ghaziabad. These cost factors are likely to vary with time and
location.
iv) Interest on term loan and working capital loan has been taken at the rate of 16% on an
average. This rate may vary depending upon the policy of the financial institutions/agencies
from time to time.

v) The cost of machinery and equipments refer to a particular make/model and prices are
approximate.
vi) The break-even point percentage indicated is of full capacity utilization.
vii) The project preparation cost etc. whenever required could be considered under pre-
operative expenses.
viii) The essential production machinery and test equipment required for the project have
been indicated. The unit may also utilize common test facilities available at Electronics Test
and Development Centres (ETDCs) and Electronic Regional Test Laboratories (ERTLs) and
Regional Testing Centres (RTCs).
DIESEL ENGINES :
Our diesel engines includes lister engines, peter engines, cylinder diesel engines that are
precisely manufactured and are highly in demand in the international market for its quality,
durability and performance. The engines types are lister type engines, peter type engines,
kirloskar type engines, air cooled engines, blower type engines, water cooled engines, slow
speed engines and high speed engines.
Lister Diesel Engine 10 HP Lister Diesel Engine 12 HP
Inside of a lister engine A 24 BHP Water Cooled Double cylinder engine

Technical Aspects
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING :
The proposed unit is doing the assembly of diesel generator sets with necessary control panel
as per the requirement of the customer. The load requirement of the customer is studied in
consultation with the customer. Any special requirements such as minimum start up period,
fluctuations of load etc. are noted. A suitable alternator to meet the load requirement is
procured from an alternator manufacturer. A diesel engine suitable for the alternator is also
selected and procured from the diesel engine manufacturer. The diesel engine and alternator
are coupled and fixed on a frame. A control panel for starting the engine using battery bank,
isolating the mains while the alternator is running, disconnecting the alternator when the
mains supply is available etc. is designed and assembled as stipulated by the customer. The
assembly is tested for fuel efficiency, load capacity of the alternator, operational sequences
etc. The Diesel Generator set is then despatched to the premises of the customer in
dismantled condition on in assembled condition depending upon the size of the Diesel
Generator set.
QUALITY CONTROL & STANDARDS :
The alternator has to meet the requirements of the customer with regard to voltage,
frequency, power etc. and the diesel engine has to conform to IS 10001.
The performance of alternator and diesel engine may be tested at the manufacturers' works
before taking delivery. The control panel requires contactors and relays. The contractors and
relays shall conform to relevant IS Specification and shall be from a reputed manufacturer.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY (PER ANNUM) :
The actual manufacturing depends up on the orders received and the marketing efforts taken
by the unit. The proposed unit will have a capacity to assemble 24 diesel generator sets in a
year. For the purpose of financial projections a standard rating of 5 kVA diesel generator set
is taken.

POLLUTION CONTROL :
The Government accords utmost importance to control environmental pollution. The small-
scale entrepreneurs should have an environmental friendly attitude and adopt pollution
control measures by process modification and technology substitution. India having acceded
to the Montreal Protocol in September 1992, the production and use of Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS) like Chloro-fluoro Carbon (CFCs), Carbon Tetrachloride, Halons and
methyl Chloroform etc. need to be phased out immediately with alternative
chemicals/solvents. A notification for detailed Rules to regulate ODS phase out under the
Environment Protection Act, 1986 have been put in place with effect from 19th July 2000.
ENERGY CONSERVATION :
With the growing energy needs and shortage coupled with rising energy cost, a greater thrust
in energy efficiency in industrial sector has been given by the Govt. of India since 1980s. The
Energy Conservation Act, 2001 has been enacted on 18th August 2001, which provides for
efficient use of energy, its conservation and capacity building of Bureau of Energy Efficiency
created under the Act.
The following steps may help for conservation of electrical energy:
i) Adoption of energy conserving technologies, production aids and testing facilities.
ii) Efficient management of process/manufacturing machineries and systems, QC and testing

equipments for yielding maximum Energy Conservation.
iii) Optimum use of electrical energy for heating during soldering process can be obtained by
using efficient temperature controlled soldering and de-soldering stations.
iv) Periodical maintenance of motors compressors etc.
v) Use of power factor correction capacitors. Proper selection and layout of lighting system;
timely switching on-off of the lights; use of compact fluorescent lamps wherever possible etc.

MAINTENANCE :
Key to diesel generator set reliability
A well-planned maintenance program is essential to the operation of any power generation system.
Diesel engines comprise the vast majority of prime movers for standby power generators
because of their reliability, durability and performance under load. Diesel powered generators
are depended on for back-up power systems in the most critical locations: hospitals, airports,
government buildings, telecommunications facilities, and even nuclear power plants. In
standby power applications, diesel generators can start and assume full-rated load in less than
10 seconds, and they typically can go 30,000 hours or more between major overhauls. This
remarkable set of credentials is unique to diesel engines, but like any mechanical device,
maintenance is critical for ensuring that a diesel powered standby generator will start and run
when needed. Facilities with qualified in-house technical personnel can often perform
required preventive maintenance on diesel generators. Other facility managers prefer to
contract with a local service provider or power system distributor for regular maintenance
service—especially if they have generators in multiple locations. (For unplanned
maintenance, engine repairs or overhauls, it is always best to use qualified diesel service
technicians.)
Preventive maintenance
Because of the durability of diesel engines, most maintenance is preventive in nature.
Preventive diesel engine maintenance consists of the following operations:
• General inspection
• Lubrication service

• Cooling system service

• Fuel system service
• Servicing and testing starting batteries
• Regular engine exercise
• General inspection
When the generator set is running, operators need to be alert for mechanical problems
that would create unsafe or hazardous conditions. Following are several areas that
should be inspected frequently to maintain safe and reliable operation.
• Exhaust system:
With the generator set operating, inspect the entire exhaust system including the
exhaust manifold, muffler and exhaust pipe. Check for leaks at all connections, welds,
gaskets and joints, and make sure that the exhaust pipes are not heating surrounding
areas excessively. Repair any leaks immediately.
• Fuel system:
With the generator set operating, inspect the fuel supply lines, return lines, filters and
fittings for cracks or abrasions. Make sure the lines are not rubbing against anything
that could cause an eventual breakage. Repair any leaks or alter line routing to
eliminate wear immediately.
• DC electrical system:
Check the terminals on the starting batteries for clean and tight connections. Loose or
corroded connections create resistance which can hinder starting.
• Engine:
Monitor fluid levels, oil pressure and coolant temperatures frequently. Most engine
problems give an early warning. Look and listen for changes in engine performance,
sound, or appearance that will indicate that service or repair is needed. Be alert for
misfires, vibration, excessive exhaust smoke, loss of power or increases in oil or fuel
consumption.

Chapter 2
Review of literature and

Research Methodology

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INTERDEPENDENCE:

Deep study of public and private sector, we found that markets is a primer into the complex
relationships between public sector and private sector in the trading industry. The report
introduces the reader to the manufacturing and trading industry and their issues facing public
and private trading decision makers. This report will be most useful to public agency decision
makers who may not have a background in electrical equipments and are involved in
planning issues. In particular, the report will describe interdependence between the public and
private sector in manufacturing and trading industry of DG sets, as well as understanding the
corporate communication so as to maintain public relations for the smooth functioning and
make more business.
There is a perception that the public sector and private sector are two distinct cultures and
possess different socioeconomic decision drivers. This report intends to shed light upon each
of these perspectives so that both can improve communication. This report intends to show
readers from both sectors that there are real differences in criteria when making important
trading decisions and even in how the other sector conducts its “due diligence” prior to
making decisions. The public sector also creates the economic environment in which private
entities operate by issuing various regulations. The private sector, in turn, largely makes
operating decisions as well as company-specific investment decisions. This report provides
information on areas where these two groups have worked well. The roles of trade in
creating jobs and consumer benefits are described. It also describes initiatives and actions that
can be taken to better align public and private decision making. Despite diverging interests
between the two sectors, public officials can take actions to improve public and private
cooperation by improving communication and education, by benchmarking progress, and by
pursuing financial partnerships with private entities.
IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS :
In the past decade or so, much intellectual energy has been expended defining public
relations and developing a base of theoretical knowledge that would .differentiate public
relations from other professions and academic disciplines (Botan and Hazleton 1989, 13). In
1989, the first volume of The Public Relations Research Annual was published; in 1992, the

annual became a quarterly publication called Journal of Public Relations Research.

Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management collects essays that the
editors claim define the first general theory of public relations According to ANN
HAUGLAND( Assistant Professor at the Department of Journalism, Middle Tennessee State
University) The public relations are also very important aspect in a trading business as it is
closely linked to its practice in which, of course, the strategic interests of the organisation are
of primary importance . Most public relations research also places the organisation in the
centre and focuses on the ways that the organisation can better communicate with and
respond to the individuals and groups who are defined as its publics. Public relations is
always been a vital for any organisation. Excellent public relations emerge from ethical
individual and the organisational behaviour. Publics are represented freely and equally
negotiating or bargaining as they pursue their interests . Keeping in mind all these factors
product is designed so as to satisfy the customer . Not only designing of product but also after
sales services also play an important role in making image of the product and also gives
strength to survive in such a high competitive market. All these things altogether help in
improving public relations.
IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION :
Understanding the importance of public relations there also come a need to learn corporate
communication. As corporate communications is an important tool for the successful
business. Without effective communication corporate relationship will be impossible. Proper
communication will enable the business growth in an organization. Communications is one of
the most important link between an organization and the public. Corporate Communications
is the processes a company uses to communicate all its messages to key constituencies. It
encodes and promotes a strong corporate culture, a coherent corporate identity, an appropriate
and professional relationship with the media, and quick, responsible ways of communicating
in a crisis. Corporate Communications are often defined as the products of communications,
memos, letters, reports, Web sites, community engagement, social and environmental
initiatives or programs. Communication and education are keys to success, and steps that
improve them are fundamental to achieving better results. The objective is to reach the point
where there are engaged and educated senior leaders in both sectors that understand the other
sector and maintain relationships with managers in that other sector.

Specific responsibilities of a corporate communicator include:
• Supervise the status of the organization

• Develop, execute and evaluate communications strategies
• Ensuring effective two-way internal communications
• Taking the lead on media handling, proactively placing good news stories, dealing
with enquiries and producing media releases
• Developing links with other departments, which enhances the smooth functioning.
• Planning proactive communications
• Leading public relations, including customer services
• Playing a key role in issue management and planning
• Ensuring that other health organizations are kept fully briefed on developments, plans
and any incidents in your organization
• Producing high quality information service
• Advising senior colleagues on strategic communications and related issues
• Engaging in business promotion campaigns
Typically, the following skills would be necessary for a communications role:
• Ability to work equally well both on your own and within a team
• Ability to write, speak and brief others clearly
• Ability to assess and select appropriate communications routes for different messages
and audiences
• Ability to remain calm under pressure
• Ability to recognize sensitive situations and act appropriately
• Negotiating and influencing skills
• Ability to work well with others at all levels both within and outside your company
• Ability to gain the trust and respect of senior colleagues
• Ability to provide creative input to projects
• Ability to think strategically
Prepared by Margaret Francis, MSW, M.Phil, PGDCIM, Registered Social Worker and
counselor, GSCC, UK.

Objectives Of The Study
A project will haywire if it does not have its objectives clear. If one knows the goal, only then
the right path can be decided and with disciplined work and positive attitude achieving these
objectives will be a catwalk.
Therefore, we also set down the objectives before starting the project, which are as follows:
1. The basic purpose of the study was to understand the dealing procedure with
Public Sector Units.
2. To know the prerequisites for vendor registration.
3. To learn and incorporate the procedure of tender filing or vendor registration.
4. To understand the need of maintenance of public relations.

Scope Of The Study
The study mainly focuses on understanding and learning the manufacturing and trading of
DG sets with other business units. When we deal with other business units, we need to
understand their need of our product or sometimes we need to create the desire of our product
in the mind of our customers. This is how we generally deal with other customers, but when
we talk of PSUs, their working style and their need of materials and product is quite different.
Here we study with our dealing style with PSUs. Since we are the suppliers so we need to
register ourselves in whichever PSU we want to register by filling the supplier registration
form as we have already mentioned the whole procedure of vendor registration above in
procurement department. After registering ourselves we got some user name and password.
This account is the main source of conversation with these units. Here we need to submit
different certificates, licences and financial details of our company and we need to choose the
category of product which we want to supply. After that whole form is submitted online. All
the information is verified and checked, whether the information provided by the supplier is
right or not. If found any discrepancy our application is rejected.
This is the most common form of supplying materials in different with PSUs. But in some
PSUs still main focus is on paper work. There we need to purchase the vendor registration
form and submit it completely filled along with required documents to their respective
documents. PSUs are very rigid and fixed with their working style. If they found supplier not
fulfilling their requirements anytime in process of vendor registration, instantly they reject
the application. And also when you are dealing with PSUs, you need to be very specific as
these people don’t listen you. These organisations are very peculiar about their working. So
you need to be very specific and should be very good in communication. You need to be
influential while dealing and also if you have any person working in that organisation, then
you must give his/her reference, as this really helps in getting large contract.
Today public and private sector are just two faces of single coin as if we want to grow and we
want our country to grow, both the sectors have to work together by improving required
essentials.

Research Methodology
A plan of what data to gather, from whom, how and when to collect the data, and how to
analyze the data obtained. a plan outlining how information is to be gathered for an
assessment or evaluation that includes identifying the data gathering method(s) , the
instruments to be used/created, how the instruments will be administered, and how the
information will be organized and analyzed.
There are two approaches to gathering information about a situation, person, problem,
phenomenon. Sometimes information required is already available and need only be
extracted. However there are times when the information must be collected. Based upon these
broad approaches to information gathering, data are categorised as:
• Primary Data
• Secondary Data

Limitations
Whenever there is some training or practical work , problems are part of your experience. As
it involves the communication between public and private, it in itself includes some
limitations. As both the sectors have different style of working, so its quite obvious that
hurdles will arise in your way.
1. Resources were scarce. And also as a trainee you don’t have easy access to the
resources.
2. Paper work was more.
3. Since you are not aware of all the processes, there is always a chance of doing
mistakes.
4. For small things you have to wait a lot.
5. Public sector officials won’t help you much.
6. Due to technological problems, work suffers a lot.

Chapter 3
ANALYTICAL STUDY

Know-How Procedure
Vendor Registration System
PURPOSE OF THE VENDOR REGISTRATION SYSTEM :
The purpose of this system is to allow vendors to register online and furnish all the details
from his system instead of doing it manually. This system is designed to be a user-friendly
system so that vendors will be at ease while applying online. This also eliminates the
requirement of vendor present physically at the Corporation. HPCL wishes to incorporate
transparency in assessing vendor through this system.
PURPOSE OF THE VENDOR REGISTRATION MANUAL :
This manual enables the vendor to fill the forms with more accuracy and efficiency. This
manual will throughout guide the vendor as to how to proceed ahead. There are in totality 29
forms that captivate all the necessary details of the vendor.
OVERVIEW :
To register as a vendor with HPCL , vendor has to first sign-up through the system by
clicking “New Register” link. This screen also consists of instructions for filling the form
correctly.

This will lead the vendor to the following form where-in vendor has to fill in some company
details and his registered office address. After this basic pre-completion details, vendor
receives an application id and password by e-mail. Vendor shall be using this id and
password as his login particulars to login to the system again that will take him to the
registration forms one-by-one as well as for the future reference. The verification code is also
generated for every new registration.
After filling the basic details, vendor can enter the system with the application id and
password sent to him through e-mail. Once entering his user name that will be an unique
application number in every case and password assigned to him, he can start filling his
details.

Once he logs-in to the system, he will receive the first form that prompts him to enter his
company information and his organization-type as well. In case of small scale industry , the
vendor has to enter his NSIC registration no. and other NSIC details. Every form consists of
a detailed menu on left comprising of all forms. Vendor can fill any form in any order. In the
end , if the information filled is accurate and best to the knowledge of vendor, he can proceed
ahead by clicking “Submit” and all the details will get. saved. After that through left menu ,
he can go to the next form .
Address Details:
Vendor needs to furnish his office registered address, factory address(s), correspondence
address through this form. Vendor has to compulsorily furnish atleast one address in each

case, if applicable. The other details include city, state, contact number(s), designation in his
organization, website and e-mail details etc.
The form under captivates the DD details viz. DD number, date , bank name and branch
details etc. once vendor has prepared a DD. Without specifying these details, the application
will be treated as incomplete and hence be subjected to rejection.

This form includes the details of the location(s) where the DD details are to be sent. The
vendor can select any of the three primary locations ( Mumbai Refinery, Visakh Refinery,
Corporate Headquarters) where the DD details will be collected.
Through this form, vendor can select his business line i.e. any of the SBUs or refineries etc.
and also select the state(s) where he wants to operate. Once the SBU and the state are selected
, click on “Populate Location” link.
Once , the vendor clicks on that link, he will be prompted to a new page where he can see the
list of the areas/ locations/ regions in the states where the SBUs are located. Accordingly, he
can make as many number of selections as he wants for his operational areas and once he

clicks on submit, the various details viz SBU, location details etc. will be visible For entering
newer areas, he can click on next button and proceed ahead.
The specific locations selected by the vendor are displayed on this form. He may change
these details by clicking on the link “To clear all and new selection please click here”.
Once he clicks on this link, he is directed again to the “Location selection for registration” to
make new selection(s) altogether.

The form below will enable selection of supplier(s) and contractor(s) as well as the category
of the contract that the vendor is wishing to execute. Once, the vendor selects supplier,
contractor and contract category type, and click on submit; he will be directed to a screen
wherein he can view all his selected list of suppliers and contractors.
Once the screen displaying suppliers, contractors and contractor category type is visible ,
vendor can again add or modify by clicking on the link in the following screen :
“ To Add/ Modify Click here”

This form captures the detailed inputs for the items that vendor wants to register with. In the
min. value and max. value columns, vendor has to specify the minimum and the maximum
units for the item(s) he is registering for production. On clicking submit, the newly entered
details will become the part of “existing selected items”. If the vendor wishes to change
something in the existing items, he can select that item and click on ‘update’. Similarly, he
can also delete any item by clicking on ‘delete’.
Through this form, the vendor has to provide his financial details as to what his net profit(in
lacs) for the three years , his total job handling capacity in the last three years, solvency
certificate details etc. This is to have an estimate of net worth and financial strength of the
vendor.

The form below prompts the vendor to furnish the details of the standard organizations that
he is certified through and associated with. Vendor needs to specify the registration number
or the reference number of all the organizations he is part of.
The following form asks vendor to enter all the statutory licenses that he possesses. Through
this form, he also has the provision to enter multiple licenses too, if any. All this , the vendor
has to enter by selecting from the combo box only. In the details section, he has to enter the
license number of the corresponding statutory license(s).

This form allows the vendor to enter the details of the bank(s) with which the vendor has
account(s).In case of e-payments , he has to give transit number, swift/ neft number along
with bank name, bank address, account number and account type.
This form will captivate the information of various agencies/ distributors , products
manufactured or handled by vendor’s units and the validity period of all the agencies at the
same place. Vendor can enter multiple details if he/she has multiple agencies.

The following form shows the format for entering the management details i.e. details of the
person(s) at the managerial levels in regards of vendor:
Through this form, the vendor needs to furnish the prefabricator details viz. the facilities,
machineries installed, testing/ quality control facilities, name and address details etc.

This form captivates the resources details and the experience of the vendor. Also, through this
form, the manpower status as to the number of permanent employees, qualified employees,
non-engineer employees, supervisor cadre employees and other employees is also captured.
This form is included to get the details of the turnover of the vendor with the Corporation/
other companies if he is already registered with HPCL/ other companies . The idea is is to
evaluate the performance of the vendor in the past if he is associated with HPCL/ other firms.
This information may be treated as basis for evaluating the performance of the vendor.

This form intends to receive the information as to whether any of the ex-employee or family
member of ex-employee of the corporation is associated with vendor’s firm(s).If yes, vendor
needs to furnish those details. He has to specify the name of the person , his designation,
which location he is/was serving in HPCL and year of separation from HPCL, if he/she is an
ex-employee.
This form asks the details of the major contracts that the vendor has handled in the past and
the cost of each contract. This is again to assess the exact worth of the vendor. He has to
mention the organization name, work location, job description, value of the contract(s),
month and year and the desired contact person involved for the contract.

Through this form, vendor is provided with the option to upload various attachments that he
needs to produce to the Corporation :
This form consists of the lists of attachments that the vendor is having. Other than those
attachments that are being uploaded , all others need to be sent manually ,when required.
Thus vendor has to select accordingly from the three (3) options available to him viz. hard
copy, soft copy, not applicable. If a particular document is not applicable, no soft copy or
hard copy is required for that:

Declarations:

DELIVERING E-PROCUREMENT :
Suppliers Guide To Trading Electronically
e-Procurement is the ability to trade with all suppliers using e-mail and web technology. Its
aim is to remove paper processes and reduce costs for both buyers and suppliers, making
trading simpler and more cost effective. Large organisations in both private and public sector
are implementing e-Procurement for one reason: it will save them and their suppliers a great
deal of time and money. Whether you supply into the corporate or public sector, it is
important that you prepare your company for this change.
What’s the hurry?
You can't afford to hang around. Its not just about adopting the new technology. As your
customers modernise their purchasing, they will reduce the number of suppliers they deal
with directly and be demanding more from those they keep.
Your customers will tend to favour suppliers that:
· Can transact electronically
· Can compete for larger contracts covering more than one service
· Are able to comply with tendering rules required on larger contracts.
Make sure you're easy to do business with. You may have to change what you do, and the
way you do it.

WHY CHANGE?
Benefits for you
• Cut cost of sales by reducing postage, printing and administration.
• Communicate faster with customers by using e-mail which is cheap, quick, convenient and
reliable.
• Sell to more customers with an electronic catalogue. Customers can browse your catalogue,
view latest prices,
check stock availability and place orders 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week.
• Faster, cheaper more effective way of selling to your customers
• Reduced transaction costs and consistency of information.
Benefits for customers

• Reduce cost of tenders by using e-tendering and e-ordering - less postage, printing and
administration.
• Answer supplier queries faster by using e-mail.
• Communicating tender revisions faster by using e-mail - saving on time, postage and
administration.
• Place orders direct to contract suppliers via electronic catalogues - reducing phone calls,
paper orders and
administration time.
• Simplify tender and procurement process for both suppliers and the customers.

Chapter 4
Findings Of The Study

Findings
Observation here it means that how much you get into the process, what did you require the
most, how things went successfully. So here are some common observations which a supplier
really need in vendor registration.
1. Government's technical policies and standards for achieving interoperability between
the public and private sector.
2. The public sector creates the economic environment in which private entities operate
by issuing various regulations.
3. The Development Commissioner (SSI), Ministry of SSI, New Delhi is responsible for
setting the standards for manufacturing of DG sets.
4. Industry should have the following NSIC, SSI, MMSE, VAT registration number,
PAN card and ISO certificates.
5. The Electrical Technology is undergoing rapid strides of change and there is need for
regular monitoring of the national and international technology scenario.
6. Quality today is not only confined to the product or service alone. It also extends to
the process and environment in which they are generated.
7. The ISO 9000 defines standards for Quality Management Systems.
8. Industry must maintain its financial statements of past years.
9. Evidence of the ability to provide cost savings, technical innovations, and superior
customer service.
10. Evidence of the ability to meet all required delivery obligations on-time and in a cost
effective manner.
11. The Vendor have been awarded contract for the product on regular basis after
commissioning of the system/product or in operation during last 3 to 5 years.
12. Vendor should be an engineering organisation or manufacturer for the selected
package.
13. Corporate Communications is the processes a company uses to communicate all its
messages to key constituencies.
14. Public relations research also places the organisation in the centre and focuses on the
ways that the organisation can better communicate with and respond to the individuals
and groups who are defined as its publics.

Chapter 5
Learning and Experience

Learning And Experience
My experience of doing work was good in Rishabh Engg Co. It is a small scale industry and
deals in DG sets. It has one Manufacturing unit and one Purchasing unit. I was under Mr.
Saurabh Mishra. He is a business development officer. He is quite experienced and good in
his work. Working with him was a good experience. He taught me many small things of
dealing with PSUs. He taught me a whole procedure of vendor registration. I talked to many
Additional General Managers Of Material Management Research department of various
PSUs . It gave real life time experience of communicating with such a high profile officials of
PSUs. Apart from working I learnt to behave with other colleagues in office. Hence I can say
that it proved to be a good introduction of the corporate world.

Chapter 6
Recommendations

Recommendations
The goal is to improve service to the customers. This can be accomplished through consistent
application of the proven and innovative methodology, reliable and valid data, and a custom-
designed service of frequent evaluations and recommendations. There is a need for a more
user-friendly environment, streamlined and consistent service delivery and processes. For
better and long use of DG sets proper preventive measures need to be taken. And also it is
strongly recommend that the installation of a diesel generator set be performed by a licensed
electrical or mechanical contractor. Their expertise and the understanding of regulation and
local codes will save the money in the long run.

Appendices

Appendix 1
These are the sample questions which any supplier can have in their mind before actually
knowing process. It is to generalise the system so as to understand the procurement process.
FAQ
Q: How do I become a supplier?
A: Start by completing our online Supplier Registration Form and reviewing our website for
additional information on doing business with PSUs. Please attach required certificates,
licenses, proof of insurance, references, etc. to your registration or anything else that may
assist in our understanding of the products or service you can provide.
Q: What are the minimum requirements to become a qualified supplier of Public Sector
Units?
A: All businesses should possess a strong ability to provide cost effective and scientifically
sound products and services. It is imperative that you begin the process by completing the
Supplier Registration Form. Additionally, suppliers are required to provide the following:
a. Evidence of the ability to provide cost savings, technical innovations, and superior
customer service
b. Evidence of the ability to meet all required delivery obligations on-time and in a cost
effective manner
c. Evidence of expertise and support of the product line or specific service sector
d. Possession of a valid business license and any other applicable licenses or permits
e. Recent financial statements and tax returns . Businesses must be in operation for at
least one year in their proposed industry.
f. Evidence of the ability to reduce risk
g. Evidence of scalability, ability to meet changing needs
h. Proof of Insurance
i. Ability to support e-commerce/electronic purchase orders, invoices, order
confirmations and shipping notifications as required

Q: What type of financial information will be accepted?

A: A financial statement for the past three year will be required..
Q: What certifications are required for small business?

A: It recommend that small suppliers should be certified by at least one of the following
organizations: NSIC, SSI, MMSE . Additionally they must have PAN Card Number of
industry and of the owners and the VAT Registration Number.
Q: How do I get on their Bidder's List?

A: Buyers select from a suppliers from several sources and it is imperative that your company
complete this first step. Click here for the Supplier Registration Form. Our bidder lists are
based on prequalification criteria listed above and an internal review process based on
scientific needs. Products and services listed on our website are only a sampling and not an
all inclusive list. Furthermore, not all products and services listed are open for bid at any
given time. Bids are driven by scientific and business needs. Our online Supplier Registration
Form provides your company visibility to the Buyers. We strongly recommend completion of
the registration form in case a future opportunity arises.
Q: Is there a registration fee?

A: There is no registration fee associated with registering with PSUs for online registration.
Q: How do I know when I am registered in your system?

A: You will receive an email confirmation notice once you have submitted your registration.
Q: Can I save a partially completed registration?

A: No, you must complete all required information and "submit" to save your data input. You
will then be able to go back in the system to edit (add or change) your company's information
. You will need login information to access your account.

Appendix 2
INDIAN ORDNANCE FACTORY MURADNAGAR

VENDOR REGISTRATION REQUEST FORM
(To be filled by Firm)
PART – I ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION
1. NAME OF THE COMPANY/VENDOR
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ADDRESS :
(a) REGD. OFFICE :
PIN…………………………………...
STD CODE ………………….PH No 1: ……………………….
PH. No.2 ………………………FAX……………………………
E.MAIL………………MOBILE………………………………
(b) WORKS/FACTORY:
.....................................................PIN...................................................
STD CODE ………………….PH No 1: ……………………….
PH. No.2 ………………………FAX……………………………
E.MAIL…………………………MOBILE………………………
(In case of works at more than one location, a separate sheet to be attached for page 1
only)

3. ADDRESS OF LOCAL BRANCH/BRANCH OFFICE /SOLE SELLING AGENT ( IF

ANY) ......
...............................………………….PIN…………………………………...
STD CODE ………………….PH No 1: …………………………...
PH. No.2 ………………………FAX…………………………………
E.MAIL…………………………MOBILE………………………………
4. DATE OF INCORPORATION OF THE COMPANY/ COMMENCEMENT

PRODUCTION
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
5. NATURE OF COMPANY
..........................................................................................................................................
.
( ATTACH RELEVANT COPIES OF INCORPORATION / PARTNERSHIP DEED/

REGISTRATION OF ENTERPRISE )
a. PROPRIETORY
b. PVT. LIMITED
c. P.S.U.
d. PARTNERSHIP
6. CATEGORY OF INDUSTRY:
(Attach relevant registration documents)
(a) LARGE SCALE.

(b) MEDIUM SCALE
(c) SMALL SCALE
7. DETAILS OF REGISTRATION WITH ……
( ATTACH RELEVANT COPIES OF REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE )
a. NSIC/SSI
b. DGS&D
c. DGQA
d. OTHER DEFENCE DEPARTMENTS
e. ANY OTHER ORD. FYS. FOR DIFFERENT PRODUCT
8. NAME OF PROPRIETOR /M.D/PARTNER
NAME………………………
ADDRESS
…………………………………………………………………………....
PIN…………………………………...
STD CODE ………………….PH No 1: …………………………...
PH. No.2 ………………………FAX…………………………………...
E.MAIL…………………………MOBILE………………………………
9. NATURE OF BUSINESS
………………………………………………………
a. MANUFACTURING
b. SOLESELLING/AUTHORIZEDAGENT

c.TRADER/DEALER/PROCESSOR/REPACKER
10. DETAILS OF CURRENT PRODUCTS & SERVICES
SL. TYPE DESCRIPTION LICENSED/INSTALLED ANNUAL PRODUCTION

NO. RANGE/CAPACITY FOR PRECEDING TWO
YEARS
( ATTACH PRODUCT LITERATURE & LEAFLET, IF AVAILABLE )
11. DETAILS OF TECHNICAL COLLABORATIONS ( FOREIGN OR INDIGENOUS )
SL. PRODUCT NAME & YEAR CURRENT OR NOT

NO. ADDRESS OF
COLLABORATOR
12. DETAILS OF MAJOR CUSTOMERS ALONGWITH LIST OF ITEMS SUPPLIED TO

INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER
SL. NAME & PRODUCT S.O. NO. &DATE OF VALUE

NO. ADDRESS SUPPLIED DATE LAST
SUPPLY

PART - II FINANCIAL INFORMATION
13.
i. NAME OF BANKERS & ACCOUNT NOS. AND ADDRESS ( WITH PHONE
NO. STD CODE, PIN, FAX & E-MAIL)
1. PRINCIPAL BANKER
2. TYPE OF ACCOUNT
3. ACCOUNT NO.
4. CREDIT & OVERDRAFT FACILITY & LIMIT
ii. TAN DETAILS
1. TAN NO.
2. ADDRESS OF ASSESSING I.T.O
14. INCOME TAX RETURNS FOR THREE YEARS.
15. VALID LICENSE FOR PRODUCTION
1. LICENSE NO
2. DETAILS OF LICENSING AUTHORITY
3. VALIDITY PERIOD
4. VALID FOR PRODUCTS
16. VALID EXCISE REGISTRATION NUMBER
17. VALID STATE/VAT/CENTRAL SALES TAX REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE.
18. OWNERSHIP OF FACTORY LAND & BUILDING COMPANY :

OWNED/RENTED

( ATTACH PROOF OF OWNERSHIP, AGREEMENT DETAILED SITE PLAN

OF LAY OUT OF PREMISES CLEARLY DEPICTING AREAS EG.
PRODUCTION AREA ( APROX. LOCATION OF PLANT/MACHINERY
STORES, BOND ROOM, INSPECTION ETC. ALSO INDICATE BOUNDARY
WALL )
1. Production Area
2. Bond Room Area
3. Inspection Room Area
4. Storage Area
5. Over all Area
19. INDICATE ANNUAL TURNOVER/SALES FOR LAST THREE YEARS AND
PRESENT NET WORTH OF THE FIRM & STATUS OF ORDERS IN HAND.
20. AUDITED BALANCE SHEET & PROFIT & LOSS A/C FOR LAST THREE
YEARS AND TOTAL ACCUMULATED LOSSES IF ANY.
21. VALUE OF CAPITAL EMPLOYED
22. VALUE OF CURRENT ASSETS ( AS PER BALANCE SHEET)
23. VALUE OF CURRENT LIABILITIES ( AS PER BALANCE SHEET)
24. DETAILS OF HYPOTHECATION
25. RELEVANT INFORMATIONS WITH COMPLETE DETAILS ABOUT SISTER
CONCERNS SUBSIDIARIES, IF ANY.
26. SOURCE OF FINANCE WITH BORROWING LIMIT AND BANK GUARANTEE.
27. WHETHER EVER FILED OR PETITION FOR BANKCURRUPCY OR RE-

ORGANISATION?
28. WHETHER DEBARRED FROM GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS/ ORDNANCE
FACTORIES?
29. WHETHER TERMINATED FOR CONTRACT NON-PERFORMANCE?
30. WHETHER CHANGED FIRM’S NAME IN LAST 5 YEARS (IF YES DETAILS OF
PREVIOUS NAME REGISTRATION NO. & ADDRESS)
PART – III TECHNICAL
31. TOTAL AREA OF FACTORY PREMISES :
TOTAL AREA COVERED BOND SPACE
(SQR. MTR.) AREA/FLOOR AREA NO. OF ROOMS SQR. MTR
( SQR. MTR.)
32. DETAILS OF ELECTRIC POWER :
a) SANCTIONED ……………………………………...
b) INSTALLED ……………………………………...
c) STAND BY ARRANGEMENT OF POWER……………………
( INDICATE CAPACITY OF GENERATOR )
33. DETAILS OF MAN POWER EMPLOYED :
a) TECHNICAL b) ADMINISTRATIVE

MANAGERIAL……………………
MANAGERIAL……………………..
SUPERVISORY………………….
ASSTT/CLERICAL………………..
LAB. TECHNICIANS…………….
LABOURERS SKILLED…………
TOTAL…………………………….
TOTAL……………………………...
c) EMPLOYEES WITH DEGREE QUALIFICATION IN
TECHNOLOGY/ENGG.
d) EMPLOYEES WITH DIPLOMA QUALIFICATION IN ENGG.
e) EMPLOYEES WITH ITI DIPLOMA IN ANY ENGG. TRADE
34. a) DETAILS OF DEFENCE STORES FOR WHICH REGISTRATION IS SOUGHT
SL. NO. NOMENCLATURE SPECN. NO. PRODUCTION CAPACITY
………. ……………………. ……………..

……………………………………………
35. (a) DETAILS OF BOUGHT OUT ITEMS (Component /Sub Assy/ Assy/ Processes)
FROM SUB CONTRACTORS :
(Attach copies of agreements, if any)

SL. MAIN Comp/Assy/Sub Assy/ NAME & ADDRESS OF THE
NO. EQPT Processes SUB CONTRACTOR
(b) DETAILS OF TESTING/QUALITY CONTROL DONE BY SUB-CONTRACTORS
(Attach copies of agreements where applicable)
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
SL. MAIN DETAILS OF NAME AND ADDRESS OF

AGREEMENT
NO. EQPT TEST SUB-CONTRACTOR/LABORATORY (IF

ANY)
36. DETAIL OF IMPORTANT FACILITIES & INFRASTRUCTURE AS PER
FOLLOWING FORMAT :
(a) PRODUCTION ( Including Heat Treatment, Dies, Jigs & Fixtures, spinning , weaving,
wet processing, printing etc. details are to be furnished on type/make of plant, licensed
capacity & installed capacity etc.)
(b) SPECIAL PURPOSE M/C (Like NC,EDM), CAD/CAM, ROBOT etc
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
SL. DESCRIPTION MAKE & QTY DATE OF APPX

PERCENTAGE
NO. OF M/C & MODEL PURCHASE COST

DEPRECIATION

SPECN PER YEAR
(c) TOOL ROOM, METROLOGY & TEST EQUIPMENTS & FACILITIES:
SL. TYPE OF MAKE QTY DATE OF

FREQUENCY APPROX
NO. INST, MODEL --------------------------

COST
GAUGES, PURCHASE CALIBRATION FOR
TEST EQPT ** CALIBRATION
37. DETAILS OF ITEMS PRODUCED IN LAST 3 YEARS
NAME OF YEAR OF PRODUCTION IN LAST 03 YEARS
PRODUCT FIRST MFG. YEAR QTY.

SUPPLIES TO
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….
38. INDIVIDUAL FLOW PROCESS CHART OF ALL THE ITEMS FOR WHICH
REGISTRATION IS REQD. TO BE FURNISHED ATTACH SEPARATE SHEET OF
EACH ITEM.
39. BASIS OF ESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN RESPECT OF ITEMS FOR

WHICH REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….
40. SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL FOR EACH OF ABOVE ITEMS :

( ATTACH COPIES OF AGREEMENT, IF ANY )
ITEMS BASIC RAW SOURCE ( INDIGENOUS/ NAMES OF MAJOR

MATERIAL IMPORTED ) RAW MATERIAL
SUPPLIERS
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
….
41. DETAILS OF INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL OF FACILITIES
a) LAB. EQUIPMENT & NO. OF TRAINED TECH. IN LAB.
b) IS THE LAB. ACCREDITED BY N.A.B.L
c) VALID UP TO
d) TYPE OF LAB
e) ASSISTANCE FROM OR DEPENDENCE ON ANY CENTRAL AGENCY

FOR TESTING/CALIBRATION ETC. (FURNISHED DETAILS )
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……...............................................................................................................................
42. IS COMPANY ISO 9001:2000 CERTIFIED (IF YES GIVE DETAILS)

DATE OF CERTIFICATION
a. CERTIFYING BODY
b. LAST AUDITED ON
c. VALID UP TO
43. DETAILS OF R&D FACILITIES AVAILABLE:

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….
44. FUTURE PLAN IF ANY, IN RESPECT OF EXPANSION PROGRAMME /

INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL MACHINES / FACILITIES & TESTING
EQUIPMENT ETC.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….
45. (a) DETAILS OF OUTSOURCING OF FACILITIES OF PRODUCTION OR

PROCESSING FROM SUB. CONTRACTORS:
(GIVE ITEM WISE OUTSOURCED FACILITY & ATTACH COPIES OF AGREEMENT)
SL. MAIN FACILITY/PROCESS NAME & ADDRESS
NO. STORE OF SUB. CONTRACTOR
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
……….………………………………………………………………………………..
……….........…

(b) DETAILS OF CAPACITY OF SUB. CONTRACTOR IN RESPECT OF AREAS
OF SUB. CONTRACTING :
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..
(c) DETAILS OF TESTING /QUALITY CONTROL DONE BY
SUB.CONTRACTOR
SL. MAIN DETAILS NAME OF SUB. CONTRACTOR

NO. STORE OF TESTS
46. ATTACH COPY OF VALID POLLUTION CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE FROM

DESIGNATED STATUTORY AUTHORITY.
47. COMPANY BROCHURE / CATALOGUE AND LITERATURE TO BE ENCLOSED
NOTE (I) KINDLY NUMBER OR CODIFY THE EXTRA SHEETS &

ANNEXURES & ENSURE THAT DOCUMENTS ARE LINKED
PROPERLY ACCORDING TO SL. NOS. IN THIS PROFORMA.
(II) WHEREVER SPACE IS INADEQUATE ATTACH EXTRA

SHEETS WITH PROPER LINKING.
(III) ALL SHEETS OF PROFORMA AS WELL AS EXTRA SHEETS &

ANNEXURES MUST BE SIGNED AND STAMPED BY VENDOR.

DECLARATION
I/We confirm that the information furnished in Part I , II & III above are correct to the best of
my knowledge & belief. In the event of any information given by me/us is found in-
correct/false at any time, I/we understand our registration will be cancelled without notice,
besides any other appropriate action against me/us.
DATE SIGNATURE (S)
NAME (S) IN CAPITAL

LETTERS
PLACE
PHONE: 01232-228910-913 No. PV/1152/REG
FAX: 01232-228550 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
INDIAN ORDNANCE
FACTORIES
ORDNANCE FACTORY
MURADNAGAR-201206
DISTT: GHAZIABAD
DATED: - 07-07
FROM: THE GENERAL MANAGER

Bibliography

Bibliography
WEBSITES
1. www.onlinepubs.trb.org
2. www.cumminspower.com
3. www.javnost-thepublic.org
4. www.changingminds.org
5. www.jyd.in
6. www.dcmsme.gov.in
7. www.scripps.edu
8. www.eprocurement.com
9. www.rishabhengineering.com
10. www.hpcl.com

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Interdependence Of Rishabh Engg Co.

On PSU’s & Public Departments

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 1

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 2

Based in Ghaziabad, UP (India), Rishabh Engineering has earned a praiseworthy recognition

SOME OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE:

powered Vardhaman Peter/ Kirloskar per CPCB

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 3

SERVICES OFFERED INCLUDE:

QUALITY & INFRASTRUCTURE :

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 4

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 5

Diesel Generator Set

Basis and Presumptions

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 6

vi) The break-even point percentage indicated is of full capacity utilization.

Lister Diesel Engine 10 HP Lister Diesel Engine 12 HP

Inside of a lister engine A 24 BHP Water Cooled Double cylinder engine

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 7

QUALITY CONTROL & STANDARDS :

PRODUCTION CAPACITY (PER ANNUM) :

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 8

The following steps may help for conservation of electrical energy:

i) Adoption of energy conserving technologies, production aids and testing facilities.

ii) Efficient management of process/manufacturing machineries and systems, QC and testing

iv) Periodical maintenance of motors compressors etc.

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 9

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• Cooling system service

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Review of literature and

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PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR INTERDEPENDENCE:

IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS :

NIT KURUKSHETRA Page 13

annual became a quarterly publication called Journal of Public Relations Research.

IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE COMMUNICATION :

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Specific responsibilities of a corporate communicator include:

• Supervise the status of the organization

Typically, the following skills would be necessary for a communications role:

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Objectives Of The Study

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Scope Of The Study

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Vendor Registration System

PURPOSE OF THE VENDOR REGISTRATION SYSTEM :

PURPOSE OF THE VENDOR REGISTRATION MANUAL :

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“ To Add/ Modify Click here”

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