Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
India’s largest power company, NTPC was set up in 1975 to accelerate power
development in India. NTPC is emerging as a diversified power major with
presence in the entire value chain of the power generation business. Apart from
power generation, which is the mainstay of the company, NTPC has already
ventured into consultancy, power trading, ash utilization and coal mining. NTPC
ranked 317th in the ‘2009, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the World’s biggest
companies.
The total installed capacity of the company is 30, 144 MW (including JVs) with 15
coal based and 7 gas based stations, located across the country. In addition
under JVs, 3 stations are coal based & another station uses naptha/LNG as fuel.
By 2017, the power generation portfolio is expected to have a diversified fuel mix
with coal based capacity of around 53000 MW, 10000 MW through gas, 9000
MW through Hydro generation, about 2000 MW from nuclear sources and around
1000 MW from Renewable Energy Sources (RES). NTPC has adopted a multi-
pronged growth strategy which includes capacity addition through green field
projects, expansion of existing stations, joint ventures, subsidiaries and takeover
of stations.
National Capital Power Station Dadri
The National Capital Power Station [NCPS] has the distinction of being the
country's only three in one project ; consisting of Stage-I 840 MW; Stage-II
490MW ( and 490 MW under construction) of coal based units , 829 MW gas
based modules , and a 1,500 MW H.V.D.C. converter station {under the
operational control of P.G.C.I.L. since October '93}. The stage-II (490MW*2) coal
based units are scheduled in 2010 to meet the common wealth games power
requirement. The commercial operation of Stage-II Unit-V 490 MW has been
declared w.e.f 31.01.2010. Also work for Stage-II UNIT-VI 490MW is under full
swings. Besides the station has the largest switchyard in the country with a
power handling capacity of 4,500 MW
The station's capacity allocation is mainly concentrated in northern region of India
. Spread over 2,465 acres , the station is situated on the Dadri -Dhaulana road
[10 kms. off Dadri G.T. road , and 12 kms. off the National Highway # 24] . The
route from New Delhi to NCPS is 60 kms. long and is about 25 kms. from
Ghaziabad
The station has the unique distinction of having Asia's first 100 percent dry ash
extraction with transit ash storage silos and final storage place converted to an
green ash mound . An Ash Technology park has also been set up to
demonstrate the uses of ash which has become the point of attraction for the
visitors.
USES OF COAL ASH
Dadri ash have been successfully used in the following applications .
• LAND FILLS
• ROAD EMBANKMENTS
• ROAD CONSTRUCTION
• PORTLAND POZZOLONA CEMENT
• BUILDING PRODUCTS
• CONCRETE
Use of Dadri ash in above applications have resulted in saving in terms of money
, conservation of natural resources viz mother earth, lime stone, coal, sand,
energy, land and water apart from reduction in CO2 emission and thus
environment.
PRESENT SENARIO IN INDIA
• 65% of the total installed power generation is coal based.
• 230 - 250 million MT coal is being used every year.
• High ash contents vrying from 30 to 50%.
• 95 million MT ash generated every year.
• Ash generation likely to reach 170 million MT by 2010.
• Presently 65000 Acres of Land occupied by Ash Ponds.
The NCPS Dadri project has the unique distinction of having Asia's first 100
percent dry ash extraction with transit ash storage silos and final storage place
converted to an green ash mound.
NTPC - A trend setter in the country has set up 100 % dry ash extraction cum
disposal in the form os Ash Mound at NTPC Dadri .
Ash mound has come out as the most viable alternative for ash disposal in an
economic friendly way by minimum use of land and water.
ADVANTAGES OF ASH MOUND
Coal Source:
The coal is transported from the Piparwar block of mines of the North Karanpura
Coalfields of Bihar , over a distance of about 1,200 kms. , by the Indian Railways
bottom discharge , and Box 'N' type of wagons . The coal requirements for the
four units is 15,000 M.T. each day , 3.67 million tonnes annually . The station
has its' own 14 kms. Long rail track from the Dadri Railway Station , to the
site , and a 6 km in-plant track , on electric traction.
Gas Source:
The source of fuel for this plant is the reserves of South Bassein fields in South
Tapi and mid Tapi delta in the Arabian Sea . The natural gas from South Bassein
off shore fields is transported through a submarine pipeline to Hazira onshore
terminal and then through the 1,700 kms. Long Hazira-Bijapur pipeline via
Shahjanpur and Babrala , to the project . For the 829 MW project , the
requirement is 3.00 million cubic meters per day (yearly average). It would be
worthwhile to note that within a short span of less than 7 years , both the coal
and gas based power cycle units/modules have been commissioned in a project .
Both the projects have diverse modern technologies , with the latest process
controls .
HVDC
This is a technological accomplishment in power by NTPC . Commissioned in
December '90 , the system is the first commercial long distance HVDC link in
India , and also the largest in Asia . The basic objective of the HVDC link is to
transmit the power generated at the RhSTPP efficiently to the northern region ,
with significant reduction in transmission losses . It consists of two converter
stations - one located at Rihand (RhSTPP) acting as a rectifier , and the other at
Vidyutnagar (NCPP) as an inverter , involving a distance of about 900 kms. .
These stations are connected by a +/- 500 kV HVDC line for transmission of
1,500 MW power from Rihand to Vidyutnagar . The overall HVDC system
engineering was done by Asea Brown Boveri .
The special features of this HVDC line are that the entire system can be
controlled either from RhSTPP or NCPP , depending on which station is selected
as the master . The system has been handed over to the Power Grid Corporation
of India , and is under their control since October 1993
DETAILS OF 220KV AND 400KV FEEDERS SOURCES
1. Generator - 1 210 MW
Thermal Plant
2. Generator - 2 210 MW
3. Generator - 3 210 MW
4. Generator - 4 210 MW
5. Generator - 1 131 MW
Gas Plant
6. Generator - 2 131 MW
7. Generator - 3 131 MW
8. Generator - 4 131 MW
TRANSMISSION LINES
2. Panipat - 2 600MW
6. Mandola - 2 750MW
1. Bus-bar
2. Circuit Breaker
3. Earth Switch
7. Lightning Arrester
8. Protection Relay
Transfer Bus
Main Bus#1
Main Bus#2
Transfer Bus
Bus Coupler
Feeder Coupler
ICT Feeder
Bus#1
Bus#2
Feeder#1 Feeder#2
Frequency 50HZ
Asym. 48 KA
R I L at 50HZ 630KV
Mass 3850 Kg
4. Voltage 245 KV
17. Frequency 50 Hz
All these transformers are star- star connected transformers with neutral solidly
grounded. A third winding called tertiary winding at much lower voltage i.e 33kV,
is also provide and is connected in delta to facilitate the flow of third harmonic
current to reduce the distortion in the output voltage.
To reduce the overall size of the transformer, the transformer is provided with Oil
forced and Air forced type cooling at its 100% rating. However, to save the
energy, the cooling system is controlled by the temperature of the winding.
The transformers are also equipped with On Load Tap Changer to meet the
change in voltage variation. Typically the Tap changer provides variation
between ± 10% of the nominal voltage i.e. 400kV with a variation of 0.5% at each
tap.
6.1 SPECIFICATIONS
Make CROMPTON GREAVES Ltd.
No. 3
Rating 167*3 = 500 MVA
Tap 17
No load Voltage KV (HV 400/√3
side)
No load Voltage KV (IV side) 220/√3
No load Voltage KV (LV side) 33 KV
Line current Amp. (HV side) 289.25 , 433.88 , 723.13
Line current Amp. (IV side) 525.91, 788.87, 1314.78
Line current Amp. (LV side) 1688.48
Connection symbol YNaOd11 for 3 phase bank
Type of cooling ONAN / ONAF / OFAF
Frequency 50 Hz
Insulation level (HV) 1450kV
Insulation level (IV) 630kV
Insulation level (LV) 250kV
Temperature rise oil deg. c 350 above ambient
PROTECTION RELAYS
Relay is a device that detects the fault mostly in the high voltage circuits and
initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective section from
the rest of the circuit. Whenever fault occurs on the power system, the relay
detects that fault and closes the trip coil circuit. This results in the opening of the
circuit breaker, which disconnects the faulty circuit. Thus the relay ensures the
safety of the circuit equipment from damage, which the fault may cause.
PURPOSE OF PROTECTIVE RELAYING
The capital investment involved in a power system for the generation,
transmission and distribution of electrical power is so great that the proper
precautions must be taken to ensure that the equipment not only operates as
nearly as possible to peak efficiency, but also that it is protected from accidents.
The normal path of the electric current is from the power source through copper
conductors in the generators, transformers and transmission lines to the load and
it is confined to this path by insulation. The insulation however may be broken
down, either by the effect of temperature and age or by a physical accident, so
that the current then follows an abnormal path generally known as a short circuit
or fault. Whenever this occur the destructive capabilities of the enormous energy
in the power system may cause expensive damage to the equipment, severe
drop in the voltage and loss of revenue due to interruption of service. Such faults
may be made in frequent by good design of the power apparatus and lines and
the provision of protective devices, such as surge diverters and ground fault
neutralizers, but a certain number will occur inevitably due to lightening and
unforeseen accidental conditions.
The purpose of protective relays and relaying systems is to operate correct circuit
breaker so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment from the system as quickly
as possible, thus minimizing the trouble and damage caused by faults when they
do occurs. With all other equipment it is only possible to mitigate the effects of
short circuit by disconnecting the equipment as quickly as possible, so that the destructive
effects of the energy into the fault may be minimized.
UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
Under voltage protection is provide for AC circuits, busbar, transformer, motor,
rectifier etc. Such protection is given by means of under voltage relay. The relay
coil is energized by voltage to be measured either directly or via a voltage
transformer.
9.3 OVER CURRENT RELAY
If a short circuit occurs the circuit impedance is reduced to a low value and
therefore a fault is accompanied by a large current, Over current protection is
that protection in which the relay pickup when the magnitude of current exceeds
the pickup level. The basic element in over current protection is an over current
relay. The over current relays are connected to the system normally by means of
CTs.