PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS b.

      Marriages between Filipino citizens abroad (Art. 10)

I.    INTRODUCTION TO THE CIVIL CODE
A.       Effect and application of laws. (Art. 15 and 17) (1-18
CC)
Case: Tanada vs. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446
B.      Human Relations. (Art. 19, 20, 21 and 26)
Case:  Albenson Enterprise vs. CA, 217 SCRA 16
II.    PERSONS
A.    Civil Personality
i.      Civil Personality
1.     General Provisions (Art. 37, CC)
a.      Juridical capacity
b.     Capacity to act
bi.  Restrictions on capacity to act (Art. 38)
bii. Circumstances modifying capacity to act (Art. 39)
Cases: Standard Oil Co. vs. Arenas, 19 Phil. 363
Mercado vs. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215
Bambalan vs. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417
Braganza vs. Villa Abrille, 105 Phil. 456
2.       Natural Persons
a.       Commencement of civil personality (Art. 40, CC)
b.      Extinguishment of civil personality (Art. 42, CC)
Survivorship (Art.43, CC)
Case: Geluz vs. CA, 2 SCRA 8
3.       Juridical Persons
a.       Enumeration (Art. 44, CC)
b.      Governing laws (Art. 45, 47, CC)
c.       Rights and obligations (Art. 46, CC)
ii.                   Citizenship and Domicile
Case: Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300
III.                THE CONSTITUTION AND THE  REGULATION
OF FAMILY RELATIONS
A.      The Family (Art. 15, 1987 Constitution)
c.       Contents of application (Art.11)
d.      Documents required for issuance (Art.12)
e.      Additional requirement if party previously married (Art.
13)
f.        Parental consent (Art. 14, 16)
g.       Parental advice (Art. 15, 16)
h.      Publication (Art. 17)
i.         In case of alleged impediment (Art. 18)
j.        Fees (Art.19)
k.       Validity (Art.20)
l.         Certificate of capacity (Art. 21)
Case: People vs. Janssen, 54 Phil 176
2.       Marriages exempt from license requirement
a.       In articulo mortis (Art. 27, 29, 30, 31, 32)
b.      Remote locations (Art.28, 29, 30)
c.       Among ethnic groups (Art.33)
d.      Cohabitation for 5 years (Art.34)
Case: Cosca vs. Palaypayon, 237 SCRA
Manzano vs. Sanchez, AM no. MTJ00-1329, March 8, 2001
iii.                  Ceremony
1.       Form (Art.6)
Note:  Marriage certificate (Art. 22, 23)
2.       Venue (Art. 8)
Cases: Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731
Madrilejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1
Balogbog v. CA, 259 SCRA 269
C.      Effect of non-compliance with requisites.  (Art. 4, Family
Code)
a.       Absence of  an essential requisite: void
b.      Absence of a formal requisite: void
Exception: good faith (Art. 35.2)
c.       Defect in an essential requisite: voidable (Art.45)
d.      Irregularity in a formal requisite:
Liablibility of person responsible for irregularity (Sec. 38, Act
No. 3613)

B.      Policy of protection and government support to family.  D.      Presumption of Marriage. (Art. 220, CC; Sec. 3 (aa),
(Art. 2 Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution) Rule 131, ROC)
Cases: Trinidad vs. CA, 289 SCRA 188
C.      Equal Protection. (Art. 2, Sec. 14: Article 2, Section 1, Vda. De Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772*
1987 Constitution)
E.       Marriage solemnized outside the Philippines. (Art. 26)
IV.               MARRIAGE a.        General rule: lex loci celebrationis
A.      Definition and Nature of Marriage (Art. 1, Family Code) b.      Exceptions: Minority, bigamy/polygamy, mistake of
Breach of Promise to Marry (Arts. 19-21. 2176, CC) identity, psychological incapacity, incest, public policy, same
Cases:   Wassmer vs. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 sex
                Tanjanco vs. CA, 18 SCRA 994
                De Jesus vs. Syquia, 58 Phil 866 F.       Divorce of a Filipino by an alien spouse.  (Art. 26)
                Gashem Shookat Baksh vs. CA, 219 SCRA 115 Case: Tenchavez vs. Escano, 15 SCRA 25
                Constantino vs. Mendez, 209 SCRA 18 Pilapil vs. Ibay-Somera 174 SCRA 653 (1989)
                In Re Santiago, 70 Phil 66 Llorente vs. CA G.R. 124371, 23 November 2000
                Selanova vs. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69
V.      VOID AND VOIDABLE MARRIAGES
B.      Requisites of Marriage.  A.       Void marriages
a.       Essential (Art. 2) a.       Grounds
i.                     Legal capacity: male and female                                                                      i.            Minority
1.       Persons who may contract marriage (Art. 5, 21) (Art.35.1)
2.       Impediments to contracting marriage (Art. 37, 38)                                                                    ii.            No
ii.                   Consent freely given authority of solemnizing officer (Art.35.2)
Case: People vs. Santiago, 61 Phil. 68 Exception:  good faith of one party
b.      Formal (Art. 3)                                                                   iii.            No license
i.                     Authority of solemnizing officer (Art. 7, 10, 31, (Art. 35.3)
32, 35 (2) Exception: marriages exempt from license requirement (Art.
Case: Navarro vs. Domagtoy, 129 SCRA 259 27-34)
ii.                   License Cases: Republic vs. CA, 236 SCRA 257
1.       General rule: required Ninal Bayadog, supra
a.       Issuance (Art. 9, 24)
                                                                 iv.            Ocampo vs. Florenciano, supra
Bigamous/polygamous (Art.35.4) Contreras vs. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222
Exception: absence of prior spouse (Art.41) Somosa-Ramos vs. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 11
Case: Republic vs. CA, supra b.      Persons entitled to file action for annulment (Art. 47)
                                                                   v.            Mistake of c.       Prescriptive periods (Art. 47)
identity (Art. 35.5) d.      Ratification (Art. 45.1, 45.2, 45.3)
                                                                 vi.            Non-
compliance with recording requirements ( Art. 35.6, 40,52, 53) C.      Common provisions:  Effects
                                                                vii.            a.       Safeguards against collusion (Art. 48)
Psychological incapacity (Art.36) b.      Support and custody during pendency of action (Art.49)
Cases: Republic vs. Nolasca, 220 SCRA 20 c.       Application of Arts. 43.2, 43.3, 43.4, 43.5 and Art. 44 to
Republic vs.Matias-Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975 marriages declared void ab ignition or annulled by final
Republic, Santos vs. Bedia-Santos, 240 SCRA 20 judgment under Art. 40 and 45
Chi-Ming Tsoi vs. CA, 266 SCRA 324 d.      Delivery of presumptive legitimes (Art. 51)
Marcos vs. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490 e.      Recording requirement (Art. 52)
Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155880 f.        Effects on children (Art. 54)
Perez-Ferraris vs. Ferraris, G.R. No. 162368 g.       Name and surname (Art.371)
Bier vs. Bier, G.R. No. 173294
Te vs. Te, G.R. No. 161793 VI.               LEGAL SEPARATION
                                                              viii.            Incest (Art. A.       Grounds (Art. 55)
37) Cases: Gandionco vs. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725
                                                                 ix.            Public policy Dela Cruz vs. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333
(Art. 38) Partosa-Jo vs. CA, 216 SCRA 692
                                                                   x.            Catch-all:
absence of any essential or formal requisite (Art.4) B.      Defenses (Art. 56)
b.      Prescriptive period of action/defense for declaration of Cases: People vs. Sansano, 59 Phil. 73
absolute nullity Ocampo vs. Florenciano 107 Phil. 35
(Art. 39 as amended by E.O 227 and by RA 8533) Brown vs. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168
c.       Judicial declaration of nullity (Art. 40) Bugayong vs. Ginez 100 Phil. 620
Cases: Domingo vs. CA 226 SCRA 572 Matubis vs. Parexedes, 109 Phil. 620
Wiegel vs. Sempio-Diy 143 SCRA 499
Valdes vs. RTC, 260 SCRA 221 C.      Prescriptive Period (Art. 57)
Nicdao Carino vs. Yee Carino, G.R. No. 132529
Mercado vs. Mercado, G.R. No. 137110 D.      Other requirements
d.      Bigamous marriage when prior spouse has been absent a.       Steps towards reconciliation (Art. 58)
(Art.41) b.      Safeguards against collusion (Art. 60)
                                                                     i.            General Cases: Ocampo vs. Florenciano 107 Phil. 35
rule on bigamous marriages (Art. 35.4) Somosa-Ramos vs. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 11
                                                                   ii.            Waiting Contreras vs. Macaraeg, 33 SCRA 222
period
                                                                  iii.            Waiting E.       Consequence of filing of petitions for legal separation
period under extraordinary circumstances (Art. 391, CC) a.       Entitlement to live separately (Art. 61)
                                                                 iv.            Declaration b.      Administration of absolute community/conjugal
of presumptive death partnership property (Art. 61)
                                                                   v.            c.       Custody and support (Art. 62 and 49)
Reappearance of prior spouse (Art. 42) Cases:De la Vina vs. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
                                                                 vi.            Effect of Reyes vs. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803
termination of subsequent marriage (Art. 43) Lapuz-Sy vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
                                                                vii.            Effect if both
spouses of subsequent marriage in bad faith (Art.44) F.       Effects of decree
Case: Nicdao Carino vs. Yee Carino, supra a.       Separate bed and board (Art. 63.1)
Mercado vs. Mercado, supra b.      Dissolution and liquidation of community property (Art.
63.2 and 43.2)
B.      Voidable marriages c.       Custody (Arts. 63.3 and 213)
a.       Grounds d.      Effects on succession (Art. 63.4)
i.                     No parental consent where required (Art. 45.1) e.      Revocation of donations/insurance benefit (Art.64)
ii.                   Unsound mind (Art.45.2) 1.       Manner of revoking
iii.                  Fraud (Art.45.3) 2.       Prescriptive period
iv.                 Force, intimidation, undue influence (Art. 45.4) f.        Name and surname (Art. 372, CC)
v.                   Impotence (Art. 45.5) Cases: Matute vs. Macadalo, 99 Phil 340
                 Cases: Jimenez vs. Canizares Laperal vs. Republic, 6 SCRA 357
                                Menciano vs. San Jose Banez vs. Banez, 23 January 2003
vi.                 Serious incurable sexually transmissible disease Macadangdang vs. CA, 108 SCRA 314
(Art.45.6)
vii.                Catch-all: Defect in any essential requisite (Art.4) G.     Reconciliation
Cases: Aquino vs. Delizo, 109 Phil 21 a.       Joint manifestation (Art. 65)
Anaya vs. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97 b.      Consequences (Art. 66)
Buccat vs. Mangonon de Buccat, 72 Phil 19 c.       Option to revive property regime (Art. 67)
Ruiz vs. Atienza 40 O.G. 1903
VII.             RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN
HUSBAND AND WIFE
A.       Personal obligation of spouses (Art. 68)
B.      Fixing of family domicile. (Art. 69)
C.      Joint responsibility of Support (Art. 70, compare with Art.
11 of CC; Art. 199-200)
D.      Household management. (Art. 71, compare with Art. 115
of CC)
E.       Exercise of Profession (Art. 73, compare with Art. 117,
CC)
(See RA 7192, Women in Development & Nation-Building Act)
F.       Use of Surname (Art. 370, 373, 377, 378, CC)
(see RA 9048- Change of Name)
G.     Relief (Art. 72)
Cases: Gotia vs. Campos Rueda 35 Phil 252
Lacson vs. Jose Lacson 24 SCRA
Tenchavez vs. Escano 17 SCRA 674
Ty vs. CA, Nov. 27 2000
Lilius vs. Manila Road Co 59 Phil 758
Narag vs. Narag 291 SCRA 451
Dadivas vs. Villanueva 52 Phil 952
Atilano vs. Chua Ching Beng 103 Phil 255
Del Rosario vs. Del Rosario 46 OG 611
Silva vs. Peralta 110 Phil 57
Arroyo vs. Vasquez de Arroyo 42 Phil 54
Perez vs. Perez  109 Phil 657
(See also RA 9262, Anti-Violence against Women and
Children Act)
VIII.           PROPERTY RELATIONS
A.      General Provisions, Marriage Settlements (Art. 74-81)
B.      Donations Proper Nuptials (Art. 82-87)
(Compare with Ordinary Donations, Art. 752-782, Tittle 3, Book
3 of CC)
C.      Absolute Community of Property
1.       General provisions (Art. 88-90)
2.       Community Property and Exclusions (Arts. 91-92)
3.       Charges and obligations (Art. 94-95)
4.       Administration and enjoyment (Art. 96)
5.       Disposition and Waivers (Art. 89, 77, 97-98)
6.       Liquidation (Art. 102-104)
Cases: Onas vs. Javillo 59 Phil 733
Vda. De Delizo vs. Delizo 69 SCRA 216
D.      Conjugal  Partnership of Gains
1.       General provisions (105-108)
2.       Exclusive property (109-115)
 Cases: Rodriguez vs. De la Cruz 8 Phil 665
People’s Bank and Trust Co. vs. Register of Deeds, 60 Phil
167
Philippine Sugar Estates vs. Poizat 48 Phil 536
Castro vs. Miat, Feb. 11, 2003
3.       Conjugal Partnership Property (Arts. 116-120)
Cases: Jocson vs. CA 170 SCRA 333
Francisco vs. CA 299 SCRA 188
Zulueta vs. Pan Am 49 SCRA 1
Mendoza vs. Reyes 124 SCRA 154
4.       Charges and Obligations (art. 121-123)
Cases: Javier vs. Osmena 34 Phil 336
Perez vs. Lantin 23 SCRA 637
DBP vs. Adil 161 SCRA 307
Ayala Investment vs. Ching 286 SCRA 273 (1998)
Carlos vs. Abelardo April 9, 2002
5.       Administration (Art. 124-125)
Cases: Felipe vs. Heirs of Maximo Aldon 120 SCRA 268
Tintigan vs. Tintigan 100 SCRA 619
Guiang vs. CA 291 SCRA 372
Relucio vs. Lopez 373 SCRA 578
Jader-Manalo vs. Camaisa 374 SCRA 498
6.       Dissolution (Art. 126-128)
7.       Liquidation (Art. 129-133)
Case: Santero vs. CFI of Cavite 153 SCRA 728
E.       Separation of Property and Administration of Common
Property by One Spouse
1.       Judicial Separation (Art. 134-135)
 Cases: Garcia vs. Manzano 103 Phil 798
Partosa-Jo vs. CA 216 SCRA 692
De la Cruz vs. De la Cruz 22 SCRA 333
2.       Voluntary Separation (Art. 136)
Cases: Bernas 14 SCRA 327
Lacson vs. San Jose 24 SCRA 837
3.       Liquidation and Dissolution of Property (Art. 137 142)
4.       Sole Administration of other spouse’s property ( Art. 142)
F.       Regime of Separate Property (Art. 143-146)
G.     Property Regimes of Unions without Marriage (Art147-
148)
Cases: Agapatay vs. Palang 276 SCRA 340
Yaptinchay vs. Torres 28 SCRA 489
Vda. De Conseguera vs. GSIS 27 SCRA 315
Valdes vs. RTC
Carino vs. Carino
IX.                THE FAMILY
A.       Members of a Family
1.       Nature (Art. 149-151; Art. 2035 CC)
Cases: Mendoza vs. CA 19 SCRA 756
Mendoza vs. Bionson 80 SCRA 82
Guerrero vs. RTC 229 SCRA 274
Hontiveros vs. RTC 309 SCRA 340 (1999)
2.       Support (Art. 195-208)
a.       Support (Art. 194)
b.      Persons obliged to give support (Art.195-196)
c.       Order of liability (Art.199)
d.      Properties liable for support (Art.197)
e.      Support pendent lite (Art.198, 203)
f.        Division and order in case of joint obligation (Art. 200)
g.       Amount, demandability, manner of fulfillment,
adjustments (Art. 201-204, 208)
h.      Exemption from attachment, exception to the rules (Art.
205, 208)
i.         Support by third persons (Art. 206-207)
Cases: De Asis vs. Ca, 303 SCRA 176
Lim vs. Lim G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009
3.       Funerals (Art. 305-310, CC)
B.      The Family Home
Cases: Siari Valley Estates vs. Lucasan 97 Phil 987
Modequillo vs. Breva 185 SCRA 766
Taneo vs. CA 304 SCRA 308
X.                  PATERNITY AND FILIATION
A.       Kinds of filiations.  (Art. 163)
Cases: Perido vs. Perido 63 SCRA 97
Liyao vs. Liyao March 7, 2002
B.      Legitimate Children. (Art. 146)
1.       Impugning legitimacy
Cases: Andal vs. Macaraig 89 Phil 165
Jao vs. CA 152 SCRA 359
Macadangdang vs. CA 100 SCRA 73
Chua Keng Giap vs. TAC 166 SCRA 451
Republic vs. Labrador 305 SCRA 438
People vs. Tumimpad 235 SCRA 483
Benitez-Badua vs. CA 299 SCRA 468
Lumain de Aparicho vs. Paraguay 150 SCRA 279
2.       How to prove filiations’
Cases: Constantino vs. Mendez 209 SCRA 18
Mendoza vs. CA 201 SCRA 675
Heirs of R. Banas vs. Heirs of B. Banas 134 SCRA 260
Uyguanco vs. CA 178 SCRA 684
Mariategui vs. CA 205 SCRA 675
Acebedo vs. Arquero March 11, 2003
3.       Action to claim legitimacy
4.       Rights to legitimate children
Cases: Republic vs. CA 300 SCRA 1998
De Asis vs. CA 303 SCRA 176
C.      Illegitimate Children.
1.       Proof of filiations (Art. 175)
Cases: Leuterio vs. CA 197 SCRA 369
Uyguanco vs. CA
Aruego vs. Ca 254 SCRA 150
Jison vs. CA 286 SCRA 495
Alberto vs. CA 232 SCRA 745
2.       Rights of illegitimate children
RA 9255, amending Art. 176
RA 8972, Solo Parents Welfare Act
Cases: David vs. CA 250 SCRA 82
People vs. Namaya 246 SCRA 646
Mossesgeld vs. CA 300 SCRA 464
Republic vs. Abadilla 302 SCRA 358
Republic vs. Vicencio 300 SCRA 138
Gan vs. Reyes May 28, 2002
Tonog vs. Ca Feb. 7, 2002
D.      Legitimated Children. (Art. 177-182)
Cases: De los Santos vs. Luciano 60 Phil 328
Ramirez vs. Gmur 42 Phil 855
XI.                ADOPTION
A.      Domestic Adoption
(RA 8552 and its IRR, Procedural Rules on Adoption, AM No.
02-6-02-SC)
(RA 9523, An Act Requiring the Certification of the DSWD to
Declare a Child Legally Available for Adoption as a Pre-
requisite for Adoption Proceedings)
1.       Policies (Sec. 2)
Case: Republic vs. CA, Bobiles 205 SCRA 356
2.       Definition of terms (Sec. 3)
3.       Pre-adoption services (Sec. 4, 5, 6)
4.       Eligibility
a.       Who may adopt (Sec. 7)
b.      Who may be adopted (Sec. 8)
c.       Required consents (Sec. 9)
Cases: In re Adoption of Edwin Villa 21 SCRA 399
Republic vs. Toledano and Spouses Clave 233 SCRA 9
Republic vs. Miller 306 SCRA 183
5.       Procedures (Sec. 10, 11, 12, 15)
Cases: Lazatin vs. Campos 92 SCAR 250
Santos vs. Aranzanso 16 SCRA 344
DSWD vs. Belen 275 SCRA 645
6.       Decree of adoption (Sec. 13, 14)
a.       Effect on parental authority (Sec. 16)
b.      Legitimacy (Sec. 17)
c.       Succession (Sec.18)
Cases: Tamargo vs. CA SCRA 518
Sayson vs. CA 205 SCRA 321
Republic vs. Wong 209 SCRA 189
Republic vs. Hernandez 253 SCRA 509
7.       Rescission (Sec. 19, 20)
8.       Violations and penalties (Sec. 21, 22)
9.       Miscellaneous (Sec. 1, 23-28)
B.      Inter-Country Adoption
RA 8043, Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995 and its IRR
Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation
in respect of Inter-Country Adoption
XII.              RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARENTS
A.       General Provisions (Art. 209-215)
(See RA 8972 (Solo Parents Welfare Act)
Cases: Dempsey vs. RTC 164 SCRA 384
Santos vs. CA 242 SCRA 407
Cang vs. CA 296 SCRA 128
David vs. CA 250 SCRA 82
Espiritu vs. CA 242 SCRA 362 (1995)
Perez vs. CA 255 SCRA 661 (1996)
B.      Substitute and Special Parental Authority (Art. 216-219)
Cases: Palisoc vs. Brillantes 41 SCRA 548
Amadora vs. CA 160 SCRA 315
St. Mary;s Academy vs. Carpitanos Jan. 23, 2000
Vancil vs. Belmes 358 SCRA 707
C.      Effects of Parental Authority (Art. 220-226)
Cases: Cabanas vs. Pilapil 58 SCRA 94
Libi vs. IAC 214 SCRA 816
Lindain vs. CA 212 SCRA 725
People vs. Silvano 309 SCRA 362
D.      Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority (Art.
225-235)
(See Sec. 5-10, 27-28, 31-c, RA 7610 Anti-Child Abuse Act)
Case: Chua vs. Cabangbang 27 SCRA 791
Abiera vs. Orin 8 Phil 193
Cortes vs. Castillo 41 Phil 466
E.       Summary Procedures (Art. 249-252)
(See RA 8369 Family Courts Act of 1997)
F.       Rights of Parents
Cases: Silva vs. CA and Gonzales 275 SCRA 604
London vs. BCC October 10, 2002
XIII.            RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CHILDREN
Arts. 356-364, 375-376, CC
Art. 129(a), 211, par. 2, 213, 226, FC
Arts. 3 and 4, P.D. 603
                                                                                    
                         -  Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
  Constitutional Law Syllabus      
      Judicial Review of Amendments
            -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30
POLITICAL LAW             -  Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
      Defined  
            -  People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887 Power of Judicial Review
            -  Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77       -  Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60
      -  Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18,
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION 1998 
Nature of the Constitution       -  Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261,
      Definition; Nov. 10, 2003
      Classification;       Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy
      Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution       Political vs. Justiciable Question
            -  Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186
            -  Nixon v. US, 506 US 224
Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question             -  Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d 428
      -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33             -  Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
            -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
            -  Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004
Constitutional Construction       Presumption of Constitutionality
      -  Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552             -  Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
      -  Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
      -  Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA Requisites of Judicial Review:
284
Self-executing provisions 1.  Actual Case or Controversy
      -  Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997       -  Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996
      -  Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
Constitutional History       -  Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489
      Pre-1935 Constitution       -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR
      Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Amendment; Philippine Bill of 1902      
      Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934       Ripeness
      1935 Constitution             -  City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d
      Declaration of Martial Law 675
            -  Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183      
            Mootness
      1973 Constitution             -  David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396,
            -  Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33 May 3, 2006
      1986 Snap Presidential Election             -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR
            -  Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140 SCRA 127882, Dec. 1, 2004
455             -  DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164
      People Power Revolt
            Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986
            Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986 2.  Proper Party
               -  Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22,       Conventional Standing
1986             -  Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
               -  In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160       Representative Standing
            Freedom Constitution       Jus Tertii standing
            -  Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397
1987 Constitution       Transcendental importance to the public
      -  In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA             -  Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
      Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution             -  Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110
            -  De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602             -  Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540
              -  Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16,
Amendment Process 1995
      Amendment vs. Revision       Standing of members of Congress
      Procedure             -  Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
            1. Proposal             -  Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399,
                  a.  By Congress July 14, 1995
                  b.  By a Constitutional Convention       Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines
                        Theories on Position of Constitutional             -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Convention       Standing of the Government to question its own laws
                  c.  By the People thru Initiative             -  People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56
                        RA 6735       Taxpayer’s Suits
                              -  Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR             -  Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10,
127325, March 19, 1997 2000
            2.  Ratification             -  Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14,
                  Doctrine of Proper Submission 2000
3.  Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity
4.  Constitutional question must the very "lis mota" of the case
      Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation
            -  Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
      Functions of Judicial Review
      Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
            Doctrine of Operative Fact
                  -  Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
CONCEPT OF STATE
1.  People
     
      Citizenship
      Distinguished from nationality
      Modes of Acquiring citizenship
      Citizens of the Philippines
            -  Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41
SCRA 292
            -  Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995
      Election of Philippine citizenship
            -  In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1,
1999
      Doctrine of implied election
            -  Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991
      Natural-born citizens
            -  Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
            -  Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
      Dual citizenship & dual allegiance
            -  Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999
      Res judicata in citizenship cases
      Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance
      Naturalization
            -  Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
     
      Loss of citizenship
            -  By naturalization in a foreign country
                  -  Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
                  -  Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
            -  By express renunciation or expatriation
                  -  Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
      Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171
            Retroactivity of Repatriation
                  -  Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28,
1996
      Suffrage
            -  Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March
26, 2001
            -  Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003
2.  Territory
      Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UN
Convention on the Law of the Sea
3.  Government
      Functions
            Constituent vs. Ministrant
            Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State
      Doctrine of Parens Patriae
            -  Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil.
728
            -  Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
      Classification
            -  De Jure
            -  De Facto
            -  Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
4.  Sovereignty
      Effects of Change in sovereignty
            -  People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
            -  Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
      Effects of Belligerent Occupation
      Doctrine of Jus Postliminium
      Dominium vs. Imperium
      Derogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces
Agreement
            -  Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10,
2000
Doctrine of State Immunity
      Basis
            -  U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993
     
      Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats
            Principle of par in parem non habet imperium
            Process of Suggestion
                  -  The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994
Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign
Affairs
         -  Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000
     
      Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies
            -  SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580
            -  Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210
            -  DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996
     
      Immunity of Government Agencies
            Incorporated
                  Municipal Corporations
                        -  Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme,
195 SCRA 692 
            Unincorporated
                  If principal function is governmental
                        -  Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
                  If proprietary  suable
     
      Suits against Public Officers
            -  City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996
            -  Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286
            -  Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
     
Consent to be sued
            Express Consent
                  -  Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
                  General Law
                        -  CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
                  Special Law
                        -  Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil.
311
            Implied Consent
                  When State commences litigation
                        -  Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30,
1954
                  When State enters into a business contract
                        -  USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
            Suability not outright liability
                  -  Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
                  -  Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
            Consent to be sued does not include consent to
execution
                  -  Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84
                  -  Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130
SCRA 56
                  -  Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206
     
      Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a             -  Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726
citizen       Respect for human dignity and human rights
            -  Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464       Fundamental Equality of men and women
      Promotion of health and ecology
PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES             -  Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993
      Preamble       Priority to education, science and technology
      Republicanism       Protection to labor
            Manifestations       Land Reform
                  1.  Nemo est supra leges             -  Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian
                        -  Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778 Reform, 175 SCRA 343
                  2.  Rule of majority      
                  3.  Accountability of Public Officials Regalian Doctrine
                  4.  Bill of Rights             -  Republic v. CA, CCP  Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov.
                  5.  Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws 25, 1998
                  6.  Separation of Powers             -  Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385,
                        Principle of Blending of Powers December 6, 2000
                        Principle of Checks and Balances             -  La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR
                              -  The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
L.Ed. 1153
                              -  Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714       Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain
                              -  Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No.             -  Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003
169777
                  7.  Non-delegation of powers       Independent People's organizations
                              -  Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR       
100481, Jan. 22, 1997 Family and Youth
                        Potestas delegata non delegare potest             -  Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393
                        Permissible Delegation             -  Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510
                              a.  Tariff Powers to the President             -  Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476
                              b.  Emergency Powers to the President             -  Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
                                    -  First Emergency Powers cases, 84        
Phil. 368 Self-reliant and independent national economy
                                    -  Second Emergency Powers cases, 92             -  Tañada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2,
Phil. 603 1997
                              c.  Delegation to the People       Communication and information in nation-building
                              d.  Delegation to Local Government Units      
                              e.  Delegation to the Administrative Bodies Autonomy of Local Governments
                                    Power of Subordinate Legislation             Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization
                                          -  Miners Association v. Factoran, of Power
GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995                   -  Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786
                                    Principle of Subdelegation of Powers                   -  Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52
                                    Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
                        Tests for valid delegation             Autonomous Region
                              a.  Completeness Test                   -  Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848,
                              b.  Sufficient Standard Test November 25, 2004
                                    -  Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659     
                                    -  De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294        Indigenous Cultural Communities
                                    Legislative standard need not be             -  Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385,
expressed December 6, 2000
                                          -  Hirabashi v. United States, 320       Honest public service and full public disclosure
US 99
                                          -  Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
253       Legislative power
                  8.  State Immunity (supra)             Initiative, referendum and Recall
                  9.  Election through popular will                   -  Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325,
       March 19, 1997
Act of State                   Indirect Initiative
      Incorporation Clause                         -  SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
      Conflict between municipal law and international law             Recall
            -  Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115                   -  Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
      Civilian Supremacy                   Loss of confidence, a political question
            -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000                         -  Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472
      Government to serve and protect the people       Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism
      People to defend the State        
      Separation of Church and State Senate (Composition; Qualifications; Term of office)
      Independent Foreign Policy        
      Nuclear Free Philippines House of Representatives
      Just and dynamic social order             Composition (District Representatives; Party-list
        Representatives)
Social Justice
                
  Party-list Representatives Powers of Congress
                  -  Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No.             General Legislative Power
136781, October 6, 2000                   Limitations
                  -  Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v.                         Substantive Limitations
Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001                         Procedural Limitations
            Apportionment of Legislative Districts                               One Bill, one subject
                  -  Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186                                     -  Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No.
                  -  Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211 129118, July 19, 2000
                  -  Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995                               Sufficiency of Title
                  Gerrymandering                                     -  Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR
                  Doctrine of Equal Representation 105371, Nov. 11, 1993
                                                -  Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
Qualifications                               Bills that must originate exclusively from the
                  -  Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300 House
                  -  Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995                                     -  Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR
                  Theory of legal impossibility 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
                  Natural-born                                     -  Decision on Motion for
                        -  Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
2001                               Three readings on separate days
            Term of office                               Bicameral Conference Committee
                       
  Privileges       Legislative Process
                  Freedom from Arrest                         Approval of Bills
                  Parliamentary Immunity                               Presidential veto
                        -  Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US                               Pocket veto
491                               Item veto
                        -  Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111                                     -  Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
                        -  Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714                               Legislative veto; One-House Veto
            Disqualifications and Inhibitions                                     -  Immigration Service v. Chadha, 462
                  Effect of Imprisonment US 919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317
                        -  People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76,                                     -  Phil. Constitution Association v.
February 3, 2000      Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
            Sessions; Adjournment; Officers         
                  -  Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26,     Power of the Purse
2001                   Implied limitations on appropriation measure
            Quorum                         -  Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221
                  -  Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17                   Constitutional limitations and rules
            Rules of Proceedings                         Riders
                  -  Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR                         Sub rosa appropriation
127255, Aug. 14, 1997                         Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
            Discipline of members                               -  Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez,
                  Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension 235 SCRA 506
                  -  Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055.              Power of Taxation
April 18, 2001                   -  McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316)
                      Power of Legislative Investigation
   Enrolled Bill Theory                   -  Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
                  -  Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1                   -  Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203
                  -  Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 SCRA 767
                  Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill             Power to Punish contempt
                             -  Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29
Electoral Tribunals                   -  Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358
                  Composition             Power to declare existence of state of war
                        -  Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792                   -  The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459
                        -  Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166                   -  Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19 L.Ed.2d 287
SCRA 651
                  Powers EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
                        -  Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995       President and Vice-President
                        -  Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807             Qualifications
                  Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy       Natural-born Citizen
                        -  Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996,             -  Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
September 30, 1999             Election
                             Congress as canvassing board
  Commission on Appointments                   Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal
                  Composition                         -  Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no.
                        -  Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 001, Feb. 13, 1996
                  Powers             Term of office
                        -  Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549             Privileges
                  Official residence
                  Salary                               -  Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14,
                  Presidential Immunity 1992
                        -  In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160                         The Executive Secretary
                        -  Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393                               -  Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA
                        -  US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d 1039 895
                        -  Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731                 
                        -  Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997   Military Powers
                        -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,                         Commander-in-chief clause
2001                               -  Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2
                        -  Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April                               -  David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR
3, 2001 171396, May 3, 2006
            Prohibitions and inhibitions                               -  Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63
            Rules on Succession SCRA 546
                  Vacancy at beginning of term                               -  Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34,
                  Vacancy during the term 150 SCRA 144
                  Temporary Disability                               -  Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
            Removal of the President                        
                  - Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,                         Calling Out the Armed Forces
2001                               -  IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August
                  - Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 15, 2000
2001                        
                              Declaration of State of Rebellion
            Powers                               -  Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May
                  Executive Power 10, 2001
                        -  Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62                         Declaration of martial law
                        -  Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272                               -  Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
US 52                        
                  Legislative Powers                         Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas
                        -  Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, corpus
1997                               -  Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87
                        -  Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998                               -  Montenegro v. Castañeda, 91 Phil. 882
                  Residual Powers                               -  Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448
                        -  Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668                               -  Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472
                  Power to Determine National Policy                  
                        -  The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 Pardoning Power
L.Ed. 1153                         -  People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995
                  Prosecution of Crimes                         -  Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190
                        -  Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652                         -  Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356
                  Creation of Preparatory Committee on                         Pardon vs. Amnesty
Constitutional Reforms                   Diplomatic Power
                        -  Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835,                         -  Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654
August 14, 2000                         Treaties vs. Executive Agreements
                                    Power to Impound
Appointing Power                         -  Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994
                        Discretionary power
                              -  Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
1993       Judicial Power
                              -  Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No.             Expanded jurisdiction
48339, Aug. 21, 1998                   Effect on the political question doctrine
                              -  Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998              Jurisdiction
                              -  Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143                   -  Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
SCRA 327                   -  First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994
                        Classes of Appointment       Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the
                              -  Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, Judiciary
December 13, 2000             Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency
                        Appointments subject to confirmation of performing non-judicial functions
Commission on Appointments             Fiscal Autonomy
                              -  Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549       Power of Judicial Review
                              -  Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11,       Appointment to the Judiciary
1999             Procedure for Appointment
                        Limitations on the Appointment Power             Judicial and Bar Council
                        Power of Removal      
            Supreme Court
                              Composition
Power of Control             En Banc & Division cases
                        Control vs. Supervision                   Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19,
                              -  Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994 1999
                        Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified              
Political Agency Powers
                  Supervision over the Judiciary
                        -  Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24,
1996
                  Rule-making powers
                        -  Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
                  Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases
                        -  People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20,
1996
            Writ of Amparo
            Equipoise Doctrine
            Decisions of the Court
                  -  Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127
                  -  Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646 
            Power to control execution of decision
                  -  Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601,
Jan. 19, 1999
            
            Tenure of Justices/Judges
                  -  De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
            Removal and Discipline
                  -  Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22,
1993
                  -  People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
            Salaries
                  -  Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
                  -  Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
                  -  Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152
SCRA 284
INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION
      Safeguards to insure the independence of the
Commissions
            Prohibition on appointment in an acting capacity
                  -  Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358
      Disqualifications and Inhibitions
      Decisions -  Certiorari to the Supreme Court
            -  Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991
            -  Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41
            -  Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996
      SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95
1.  Civil Service Commission
      Scope of the Civil Service
            -  DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
      Approval of appointments
            -  Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
            -  Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498
2.  Commission on Elections
      En Banc and Division cases
            -  Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
      Powers and Functions
            -  Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
            -  Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
      Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
            -  Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
      Special Registration of New Voters
            -  Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March
26, 2001
3.  Commission on Audit
            -  Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR
101976, Jan. 29, 1993
            Procedure
                  -  Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
            Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
                  -  Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,
2001
                  -  Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3,
2001
       
Sandiganbayan
            Jurisdiction
                  -  Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096,
January 20, 1999
       
Ombudsman
            Supervision and control
                  -  Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA
566
            Prosecutorial Powers
                  -  Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
            Power to issue subpoena;  Form of complaint
                  -  Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
            Power to Investigate Administrative Charges
                  Concurrent with the Office of the President
                        -  Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
                  Concurrent with the DOJ
                        -  Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating
Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004
            Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after
Feb. 25, 1996
                  -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994
            Ombudsman for the Military
                  -  Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military,
G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999
                 
       Special Prosecutor
            -  Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
    
  Commission on Human Rights
            Powers and Functions of the Commission
                  -  Cariño v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991
            Civil Rights vs. Political Rights
                  -  Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994
           Fiscal Autonomy
                  -  CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336,
Nov. 25, 2004
    
  Presidential Commission on Good Government
            -  Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998
            -  Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797
            -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685
            -  Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152
           
            Sequestration
                  -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22,
1997     
           
            Order signed by only one commissioner
                  -  Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7,
1997
            Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten
Wealth
                  - Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v.
Desierto, G.R. No. 130140, October 25, 1999

ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

      Impeachment
            Impeachable Officers
            Grounds for Impeachment