‫اﻟﺪرس ‪11‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎرات‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻮآﺎت وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ وهﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت‬
‫رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪد ﺑﻬﺎ وﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت ‪ source‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻳﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Signal & Scope‬‬
‫‪Manager‬ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻠﻮآﺎت‬

‫أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺷﺎرات‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات آﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
‫اﻻﺗﻰ‬

‫وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ آﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺎء‬

‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻌﺎدى وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ update‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
 ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫‪Signal Labels‬‬
‫وهﻰ اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﺬى ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺷﺎرات وﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺳﻮاء اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ او ﻏﻴﺮ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻰ هﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم آﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺎء‬

‫أﻧﻮاع اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻧﻮاع اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ‪ double‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺷﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻧﻮاع‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺎء‬

‫أﺑﻌﺎد اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫‪Signal Dimensions‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻠﻮآﺎت ﻳﻜﻮن ﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ ذو ﺑﻌﺪ واﺣﺪ او ذو ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫واﻻﺷﺎراة ذات اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﺔ ذات ﺑﻌﺪ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮدد ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫آﻞ زﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎآﺎة‬
‫‪A one-dimensional (1-D) signal consists of a stream of one-dimensional arrays‬‬
‫‪output at a frequency of one array (vector) per simulation time step‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ اﻻﺷﺎراة ذات اﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮدد ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﺔ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ زﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫‪A two-dimensional (2-D) signal consists of a stream of two-dimensional arrays‬‬
‫‪emitted at a frequency of one 2-D array (matrix) per block sample time.‬‬

‫وﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرة ذات اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﻤﺘﺠﻪ اﻣﺎ اﻻﺷﺎرات ذات اﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ هﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻣﺎ اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ذات ﻗﻴﻤﺔ واﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة آﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻰ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻻﺷﺎرات اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻﺷﺎراة ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة‪.‬‬

‫‪Complex Signals‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺎرات ذات اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺷﺎرات ذات ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﺗﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1-‬ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب‬
‫‪2-‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻠﻮك ‪ constant‬وﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺨﺮج ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪complex‬‬
‫‪3-‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﺷﺎرات ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ وﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ‪ complex‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻠﻮك‬
‫‪Real-Imag to Complex‬‬
‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻠﻮك ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
 ‫‪Virtual Signals‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫وهﻰ اﺷﺎرات ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺷﺎرات اﺧﺮى وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﻮآﺎت اﻻﺗﻴﺔ ‪Bus Creator,‬‬
‫‪Inport, and Outport blocks‬‬
‫وﺗﻜﻮن هﺬﻩ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ اى ﻋﻼﻗﺎت رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ وﻳﻬﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة‬
‫وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻻﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ signal propagation‬آﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ هﺬا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻰ ‪ S1‬و‪S2‬‬

‫‪Displaying Virtual Signal Sources and‬‬

‫‪Destinations‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﺮض ﻣﺼﺪر وﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺷﺎرة واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﻳﻤﻴﻦ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪Highlight to Source‬‬
 ‫وﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﺷﻜﻞ اﻻﺷﺎرة آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫وﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة او اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺰن ﺑﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ آﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ اﺧﺘﺎر‪Highlight to Destination‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫وﻹزاﻟﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪات اﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ‬

‫‪Remove Highlighting‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرات اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ‬
‫‪Displaying the Nonvirtual Components of Virtual Signals‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﻘﻮم اﻻن ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺴﻴﻂ وهﻮ ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠﻮآﻴﻦ ‪ constant‬و ﻳﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ mux‬و ‪ demux‬و ‪display‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﺎﺗﻰ‬

‫واﻻن ﺳﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ وهﻰ اﺷﺎرات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪Signal Properties Dialog Box‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺎر اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ آﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ واﺧﺘﺎر ‪ Signal Properties‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ‪ Signal Properties‬اآﺘﺐ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬى ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻻﺧﺮى‬

‫واﻻن ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻰ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ‪ Signal Properties‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ وﺟﻮد ﺧﻴﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫‪Show propagated signals‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ on‬ﻓﺎن هﺬا ﺳﻴﻮدى اﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪Control Signals‬‬
‫إﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫هﻰ اﺷﺎرات ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﻮك واﺣﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺒﺪا ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﻠﻮك اﺧﺮ وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ اﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫وهﻮ ﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬
 ‫‪Signal Buses‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﻞ اﻻﺷﺎرات ) ﺑﺎص )‬
‫وهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺮآﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات وﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻐﻠﻒ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺳﻼك ﻣﻌﺎ‬
‫واﻻن ﺣﺎول ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻠﻮك‬
‫‪Bus Creator‬و ‪ Bus Selector‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫وﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Bus Selector‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻻﺷﺎرات ﺛﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ select‬آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪Initializing Signals and Discrete States‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ اﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ان ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرات واﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻳﻜﻤﻨﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ هﺬا ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ال ‪signal objects .‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻤﻨﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ هﺬا اﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﻠﻮك ﻧﻔﺴﻪ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻠﻮآﺎت اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Outport, Data Store Memory, or Memory‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎدراج ﺑﻠﻮك ‪ Unit Delay‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Discrete‬ﻓﻰ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻓﺎرغ وﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮك وﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ‪ initial condition‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة‬

‫اﻣﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ال ‪ Signal Object‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫‪Working with Test Points‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ أﺧﺘﺒﺎر او ‪ Test point‬ﺗﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ان هﺬﻩ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮآﺪ ان ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺳﻜﻮب‬
‫‪Scope‬وﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ان ﻧﺠﻌﻞ اى اﺷﺎرة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﺎن هﺬا ﻳﻤﻌﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ال ‪ model optimizations‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪signal storage reuse‬‬
‫وهﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺬاآﺮة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺬاآﺮة ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮآﺎت واﻻﺷﺎرات ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻠﻮك او اﺷﺎرة وﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ان ﺷﺎء اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪block reduction‬‬
‫وهﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻟﺘﺠﺎهﻞ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ او اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ آﻞ ﺑﻠﻮك اﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة‪.‬‬
 ‫‪Designating a Signal as a Test Point‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﺷﺎرة آﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪ Signal Properties‬وﻗﻢ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‪Test point‬‬

‫واﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ signal logging‬ﻓﺎن اﻟﺴﻤﻴﻮﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎراﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬
‫واﻻن ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻳﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Signal Objects‬وﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪Working with Signal Groups‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻠﻮك ‪ Signal Builder‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Sources‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ان ﺗﺘﺒﺎدل‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ وﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة هﺬا اﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻞ وﺧﺎﺻﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻠﻮك ‪ Assertion‬واﻟﺬى ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻼﺷﺎرات اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ ام ﻻ‪.‬‬

‫واﻻن ﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ ﻓﺎرغ وﺿﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك‪Signal Builder‬‬

‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪﻩ وﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﺷﺎرة واﺣﺪﻩ وهﺬﻩ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫‪square wave‬آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ‬
‫واﻻن ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﺷﺎرة اﺧﺮى اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Signal‬واﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ new‬او ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ ال ‪ Toolbar‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‬
 ‫واﻻن ﺳﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Group‬واﺧﺘﺎر‪Copy‬‬
‫وﺳﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﺧﺮى ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ادﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﻪ وﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫ﻓﻰ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﺎن ﻣﺘﺴﺎوى‬
‫واﻻن ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻮك ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺎن اﻟﺒﻠﻮك ﻻ ﻳﺨﺮج اﻻ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻗﻢ اﻻن ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎآﺎة وﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪Bus Editor‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ال ‪ Bus Editor‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال ‪ bus‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات‬
‫اوﻻ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ال ‪Bus Editor‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق اﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -١‬أﺧﺘﺎر ‪ Bus Editor‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪tools‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻦ ال ‪ model explorer‬اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻳﻘﻮﻧﻪ ‪ Bus Editor‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ ال‪Bus object‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ ﻓﺎرغ وادﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ view‬واﺧﺘﺎر‪Model explorer‬‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ ال ‪ model explorer‬ادﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ add‬وﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ simulink bus‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫واﻻن ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ال ‪ Bus object‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Launch Bus Editor‬‬
‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪Bus Editor‬‬
 ‫‪ -٣‬واﺧﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ال ‪ Bus Editor‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻻﻣﺮ اﻻﺗﻰ‬
‫رﻣﺰ‪:‬‬

‫‪Buseditor‬‬
 ‫ﻓﻰ ﺳﻄﺮ اواﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب‬
‫واﻻن ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ال ‪ Bus editor‬آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻﺗﻰ‬

‫وﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺴﺎر ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪Bus‬‬

‫واﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ال ‪ Bus‬اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج وﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ‪ Bus elements‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ال ‪Bus‬‬
‫اﻟﺬى ﺗﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻮف ﻧﺘﻌﺮض ان ﺷﺎء اﷲ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻤﻴﺰات وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال ‪ Bus editor‬ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪working‬‬
‫‪with data object‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ اﻧﻬﺎءﻩ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪورة ﺣﺘﻰ اﻻن اﻟﻰ اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺪورة ﻳﺴﺎوى ‪%٥٠‬‬

‫‪Eng Ahmed Eldeep‬‬

‫‪www.almohandes.org‬‬
‫‪ahmed@almohandes.org‬‬